Academic literature on the topic 'C. papaya'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'C. papaya.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "C. papaya"
1
Dong, Lianger, and Yong Li. "Fate of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes on Whole Papaya during Storage and Antimicrobial Efficiency of Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide Generated with HCl, Malic Acid or Lactic Acid on Whole Papaya." Foods 10, no. 8 (2021): 1871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081871.
Full textAbstract:
Papaya-associated foodborne illness outbreaks have been frequently reported worldwide. The goal of this study was to evaluate the behavior of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes on whole papaya during storage and sanitizing process. Fresh green papayas were inoculated with approximately 7 log CFU of S. Typhimurium and L. monocytogenes and stored at 21 or 7 °C for 14 days. Bacteria counts were determined on day 0, 1, 7, 10 and 14. Fresh green papayas inoculated with approximately 8 log CFU of the bacteria were treated for 5 min with 2.5, 5 and 10 ppm aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2). The ClO2 solutions were generated by mixing sodium chlorite with an acid, which was HCl, lactic acid or malic acid. The detection limit of the enumeration method was 2.40 log CFU per papaya. At the end of storage period, S. Typhimurium and L. monocytogenes grew by 1.88 and 1.24 log CFU on papayas at 21 °C, respectively. Both bacteria maintained their initial population at inoculation on papayas stored at 7 °C. Higher concentrations of ClO2 reduced more bacteria on papaya. 10 ppm ClO2, regardless the acid used to generate the solutions, inactivated S. Typhimurium to undetectable level on papaya. 10 ppm ClO2 generated with HCl, lactic acid and malic acid reduced L. monocytogenes by 4.40, 6.54 and 8.04 log CFU on papaya, respectively. Overall, ClO2 generated with malic acid showed significantly higher bacterial reduction than ClO2 generated with HCl or lactic acid. These results indicate there is a risk of survival and growth for S. Typhimurium and L. monocytogenes on papaya at commercial storage conditions. Aqueous ClO2 generated with malic acid shows effectiveness in inactivating the pathogenic bacteria on papaya.
2
Escamilla-García, Monserrat, María Rodríguez-Hernández, Hilda Hernández-Hernández, et al. "Effect of an Edible Coating Based on Chitosan and Oxidized Starch on Shelf Life of Carica papaya L., and Its Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties." Coatings 8, no. 9 (2018): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8090318.
Full textAbstract:
Papaya production plays an important economic role in Mexico’s economy. After harvest, it continues to ripen, leading to softening, skin color changes, development of strong aroma, and microbial spoilage. The objective of this work was to apply an active coating of chitosan–starch to increase papaya shelf life and to evaluate physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of the coating. Papaya surfaces were coated with a chitosan-oxidized starch (1:3 w/w) solution and stored at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C) for 15 days. Variables measured were color, titratable acidity, vitamin C, pH, soluble solids, volatile compounds by gas chromatography, texture, homogeneity by image analysis, and coating antimicrobial activity. At the end of the storage time, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between coated and uncoated papayas for pH (4.3 ± 0.2), titratable acidity (0.12% ± 0.01% citric acid), and soluble solids (12 ± 0.2 °Bx). Papaya firmness decreased to 10 N for coated and 0.5 N for uncoated papayas. Volatile compounds identified in uncoated papaya (acetic acid, butyric acid, ethyl acetate, ethyl butanoate) are related to fermentation. Total microbial population of coated papaya decreased after 15 days, whereas population of uncoated papaya increased. This active coating permitted longer shelf life of papaya than that of the uncoated fruit.
3
Zhang, Linyun, Chongxing Huang, and Hui Zhao. "Application of Pullulan and Chitosan Multilayer Coatings in Fresh Papayas." Coatings 9, no. 11 (2019): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9110745.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, some multilayer coatings (two-layer, four-layer or six-layer) based on pullulan and chitosan for protecting papayas were prepared by the layer-by-layer technique. The papayas were coated by immersion and stored at 25 °C, 50% relative humidity or up to 14 days. Uncoated and monolayer-coated papayas were used as controls. The pullulan/chitosan coatings decreased the papaya weight loss, softening, color change (b*, ΔE), and pH, retarded the fall of titratable acidity and vitamin C, and maintained respiratory rate and soluble solid contents. Sensory quality evaluation demonstrated that pullulan/chitosan coatings effectively preserved papaya flavor and overall acceptance. In general, the four-layer coatings provided the best fruit preservation. In conclusion, multilayer pullulan/chitosan coatings are efficient in maintaining the post-harvest quality and prolonging the shelf life of fresh papaya.
4
García-Cámara, Isabel, Raúl Tapia-Tussell, Anuar Magaña-Álvarez, et al. "Empoasca papayae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)-Mediated Transmission of Papaya Meleira Virus-Mexican Variant in Mexico." Plant Disease 103, no. 8 (2019): 2015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-18-1101-re.
Full textAbstract:
Papaya meleira virus (PMeV) causes sticky disease in Carica papaya in Brazil and Mexico. Despite its economic importance and the need for effective phytosanitary control, it remains unknown whether any insect is the vector of this virus. The aim of this work was to identify potential insect vectors of the PMeV-Mexican variant (PMeV-Mx) and determine whether these potential vectors are capable of transmitting the virus. Adult insects were collected in papaya fields in the south-southeast region of Mexico and were identified morphologically and molecularly. Their abundance and frequency were determined, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to establish if they carried PMeV-Mx. The Cicadellidae family (Hemiptera) was the most diverse and abundant, and Empoasca papayae was the most abundant species and had the highest virus titers. PMeV-Mx transmission assays were conducted under controlled conditions using E. papayae on C. papaya ‘Maradol’. E. papayae was a carrier of PMeV-Mx at 6 h after exposure, and its viral titer increased with time, peaking at 2.125 pg/μl of PMeV-Mx RNA from 20 ng/µl of cDNA, 5 days after exposure (dae). From 14 days after plants were exposed to insects, PMeV-Mx was detected and quantified in 100% of the evaluated papaya plants, whose viral RNA titer increased from 0.06 (21 dae) to 26.6 pg/μl of PMeV-Mx RNA (60 dae) from 20 ng/µl of cDNA. Three months later, these plants developed sticky disease symptoms, demonstrating that E. papayae is capable of transmitting PMeV-Mx to C. papaya ‘Maradol’.
5
Gardan, Louis, Richard Christen, Wafa Achouak, and Philippe Prior. "Erwinia papayae sp. nov., a pathogen of papaya (Carica papaya)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 1 (2004): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02718-0.
Full textAbstract:
Bacterial canker of papaya (Carica papaya) emerged during the 1980s in different islands of the Caribbean. Nineteen strains of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria isolated from papaya were compared to 38 reference and type strains of phytopathogenic Enterobacteriaceae and related bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the papaya strains belonged to the genus Erwinia. The DNA G+C content of strain CFBP 5189T, 52·5 mol%, is in the range of the genus Erwinia. The 19 papaya strains were all pathogenic to papaya and were differentiated clearly from type or reference strains of phytopathogenic enterobacteria and related bacteria by phenotypic tests. The papaya strains constituted a discrete DNA hybridization group, indicating that they belonged to a unique genomic species. Thus, strains pathogenic to papaya belong to a novel species for which the name Erwinia papayae sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain CFBP 5189T (=NCPPB 4294T).
6
Zubaidah, Anis, Sri Samsundari, and Muhammad Abdul Qodir Jaelani. "EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L) UNTUK PENCEGAHAN Saprolegniasis PADA TELUR IKAN MAS PUNTEN (Cyprinus carpio)." Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesia 9, no. 2 (2021): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jari.v9i2.15492.
Full textAbstract:
Pappaya leaf (Carica papaya L) contains antifungal and antibacterial compounds which can be applied to prevent transmission of Saprolegnia sp infections that attack carp eggs (Cyprinus carpio). The method in this study used several treatments, namely treatment A (control), B (papaya leaf extract 0.75 mg / l), C (papaya leaf extract 1 mg / l), D (papaya leaf extract 1.25 mg / l) and treatment of E (papaya leaf extract 1.5 mg / l). The results showed that there were significantly different treatments for the addition of papaya leaf extract to the hatching rate of carp punten eggs, with treatment C (1 mg / l) being the best treatment in increasing the hatching rate of 89.5%. Furthermore, the addition of papaya leaf extract to the prevalence of Saprolegnia sp fungi showed that treatment C (1 mg / l) was the best treatment in suppressing the prevalence of saprolegnia sp fungi with a prevalence rate of only 10.5%. Then the addition of papaya leaf extract to the goldfish survival rate showed a significant difference between treatments, with treatment C (1 mg / l) being the best treatment in increasing the value of Punten Carp survival arte with a survival rate of 94.68%. Therefore from this study it can be seen that the safe dose in the use of papaya leaf extract is to use a dose of 1 mg / l to suppress the prevalence of saprolegnia sp fungi and increase the hatching rate and increase the survival rate of the Punten Goldfish. Keyword: Saprolegnia sp, Papaya Leaves, Punten Carp
7
Pimentel, Rodrigo Meirelles de Azevedo, and Julio Marcos Melges Walder. "Gamma radiation in papaya harvested at three stages of maturation." Scientia Agricola 61, no. 2 (2004): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162004000200004.
Full textAbstract:
Papaya is a fragile, perishable fruit, highly accepted worldwide. To keep the quality of papaya from harvest to the consumers, conservation techniques are often used; among them is the application of gamma irradiation. The objective of this work was to evaluate gamma irradiation in papayas harvested at three degrees of maturation, in order to increase shelf life. Papayas were harvested in perfect quality conditions and selected by skin coloration into three distinct degrees of maturation: maturation 0, or beginning of yellow coloration; maturation 1, yellow stripes more developed, and maturation 2, one third yellow. Half of them were irradiated with 0.75 kGy, while the other half became control treatment. They were analyzed in four periods of conservation, which were 1 DAI (days after irradiation refrigerated at 11 ± 1°C), 14 DAI, 14 DAI + 3 DRT (room temperature at 24° ± 2°C) and 14 DAI + 6 DRT. The papaya maturation degree at harvest did not influence the radiation effect. Irradiation maintained firmness of papaya and, therefore, delayed ripening; modified the green color of papaya to a lighter, more intense tone, which determined more homogeneity in the development of the skin's yellow color (greater values of L* and croma). There was no effect of irradiation in papaya weight loss, occurrence of diseases, croma of flesh color, pH and total soluble solids contents.
8
Asifa, Nadia Nur, Sri Tasminatun, and Sri Nabawiyati Nurul Makiyah. "POTENSI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) SEBAGAI AGEN ANTIINFLAMASI MELALUI DERAJAT PERADANGAN DUODENUM PADA MENCIT BALB/c." Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis 4, no. 2 (2018): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v4i2.2319.
Full textAbstract:
Carica papaya L. mengandung flavonoid. Flavonoid bermanfaat sebagai antiinflamasi. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengetahui derajat peradangan duodenum mencit BALB/c yang diinduksiOvalbumin setelah pemberian ekstrak etanol buah Carica papaya L. Penelitian eksperimental in vivodengan post-test only control group design menggunakan 30 mencit BALB/c jantan, ± 20gram, 8 minggudibagi dalam 6 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dan tigakelompok ekstrak C. papaya dosis 175, 350, dan 700mg/kgbb per hari. Kelompok perlakuan ekstraketanol buah C. papaya L. dan kontrol positif diberikan selama 28 hari, Ovalbumin diberikan pada harike-15 dan ke-22 secara intraperitoneal, dan hari ke-23 sampai dengan hari ke-28 peroral. Pada harike-29, mencit dikorbankan dan duodenum diambil untuk dibuat preparat histologi dengan teknikpewarnaan HE. Pengukuran derajat peradangan duodenum berdasarkan pengamatan infiltrasisel radang menurut Chang. Data dianalisis dengan one way ANOVA dilanjutkan uji Tukey test.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata derajat peradangan duodenum kelompok kontrol:2,48 ± 0,83; kontrol negatif: 3,46 ± 0,27; kontrol positif: 1,70 ± 0,20; ekstrak etanol buah C. papayaL. dosis 175mg/kgbb: 3,20 ± 0,36; dosis 350mg/kgbb: 1,56 ± 0,23; dan dosis 700mg/kgbb: 2,20 ±0,45. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol buah Carica papaya L. dosis 350mg/kgbb/haridan 700mg/kgbb/hari dapat menurunkan derajat peradangan duodenum mencit BALB/c yangdiinduksi Ovalbumin.
9
Maurya, Neelesh Kumar, Poonam Maurya, Joginder Singh, and Anita Dubey. "The nutritional and medicinal benefits of Papaya (Carica papaya L.)." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 8, no. 1 (2023): 121–28. https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2023.8.1.15.
Full textAbstract:
Pollutants, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, cosmetics, flavourings, scents, industrial chemicals, environmental contaminants, food additives, and so on are just some examples of the many xenobiotics in our world. Many diseases can be traced back to these molecules, especially the free radicals that damage membranes. Nutritionists advocate for consuming various fruits due to their high nutrient content and health value. Papayas are among the most nutrient-dense tropical fruits. All portions of the papaya plant (Carica papaya L.), including the leaves, fruits, seeds, peels and roots are edible and useful. The pulp contains dietary fibre, antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E), mineral nutrients (potassium and magnesium) and B-complex vitamins (folate and pantothenic acid). The papaya plant contains numerous beneficial phytochemicals. These include phytosterols, tocopherols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and carotenoids. Among their many medical applications, these chemicals have been shown to have anti-carcinogenic effects and benefits, including the reduction of inflammation, blood sugar levels, infertility and blood pressure. The most effective dosage, mechanisms of action, and safety profile of these components still need to be confirmed. However, so more research is required. This review summarizes the various nutraceutical properties of C. papaya phytochemicals to aid researchers in further exploring the potential of C. papaya leaves, fruits, peels, and seeds as a functional food.
10
Martin, Chris A., L. Brooke McDowell, Thomas E. Marler, and Jean C. Stutz. "246 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal (AMF) Colonization of Carica papaya `Waimanalo' Grown in Composted Landscape Yard Trimmings." HortScience 34, no. 3 (1999): 484E—484. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.484e.
Full textAbstract:
Seedlings of Carica papaya L. `Waimanalo' (papaya) were transplanted into 27-L containers filled with nonsterile composted landscape yard trimmings passed through a 1.3-cm screen. At transplanting, papaya plants were inoculated with either one of three different AMF communities or were not inoculated as control plants. Two of the AMF communities were from Arizona citrus orchards, and one AMF community was from an undisturbed western Chihuahuan Desert soil. After transplanting, papaya plants were grown for 4 months under well-watered conditions in a temperature-controlled (32 °C day/24 °C night) glasshouse (45% light exclusion). Control plants remained non-mycorrhizal. Total colonization of papaya roots by AMF communities ranged from 56% to 94%. Depending on mycorrhizal treatment, AMF arbuscules and internal hyphae were present in 30% to 60% and 20% to 24% of roots, respectively. Noticeably absent in papaya roots were AMF vesicles. Papaya height, trunk diameter, and leaf phosphorus concentration were similar for inoculated and control plants. Compared with control plants, papayas inoculated with AMF communities had about 20% less shoot dry weight and about 50% less root dry weight. Under nonlimiting conditions in an organic substrate, AMF communities did not stimulate papaya growth but rather appeared to function as a carbon sink.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "C. papaya"
1
Kechinski, Carolina Pereira. "Avaliação do uso de ozônio e de outros tratamentos alternativos para a conservação do mamão papaia (Carica papaya L.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13460.
Full textAbstract:
Devido à alta perecibilidade do mamão papaia (Carica papaia L.), estudos póscolheita, com foco nas boas práticas de estocagem e transporte, são importantes na cadeia de comercialização desse fruto. O uso de ozônio (O3) tem sido recomendado como um tratamento alternativo aos compostos clorados tradicionais para o controle de podridões de diversos frutos. Nesse contexto o presente trabalho tem como objetivos: estudar o efeito do (O3) e de outros tramentos alternativos no intuito de eliminar a antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz) no mamão papaia armazenado em câmaras ozonizadas em concentrações de 0 a 0,5 ppm de ozônio; avaliar a sanitização superficial desse fruto através da imersão em água ozonizada em concentrações de 0 a 4 ppm de O3 durante 30 e 60 segundos e otimizar o tratamento hidrotérmico em temperaturas de 45 a 65 ºC por períodos de 30 a 60 segundos. O uso de (O3) em concentrações entre 0,2 e 0,5 ppm, em câmara ozonizada, resultou em mamões com manchas na casca do fruto por possível oxidação de componentes da parede celular. Foi observado ainda que a imersão das frutas em água ozonizada em concentrações de 1 a 4 ppm de O3 não foi efetiva na eliminação da antracnose, razão pela qual foi necessário o uso do tratamento hidrotérmico prévio ao uso do (O3), sendo que os melhores resultados obtidos foram nas temperaturas próximas de 55ºC por 1 minuto. O uso de ozônio não afetou a superfície cuticular dos mamões enquanto que o tratamento hidrotérmico proporcionou um recobrimento das fissuras naturais do fruto. O aumento da concentração de ozônio de 2 para 4 ppm proporcionou uma perda de mais de 40% do conteúdo de Vitamina C. O ozônio não alterou o grau de maturação (ratio) e cor dos frutos.<br>Postharvest studies are important for marketing chain of papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.) with focus on good agricultural practices for storage and transportation due to the high perishibility of this fruit. The use of ozone (O3) has been recommended as an alternative treatment to traditional chlorine compounds for the control of several decay organisms. Within that the present work objectivated study the effects of O3 and other alternative treatments to control antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz) on the papaya fruit stored in chambers with ozone concentrations of 0 to 0.5 ppm; evaluate the superficial healthyness of papayas by immersion in ozone water at concentrations of 0 to 4 ppm for 30 to 60 seconds; optimize the hydrothermal treatment at temperatures of 45 to 65°C for periods of 30 to 60 seconds. The use of O3 at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 ppm in ozoned chamber result in spots on the fruit epidermis by the possible oxidation of cell wall components. It was noted, however, that immersion in ozoned water of the fruits at concentrations of 1 to 4 ppm of O3 were not effective in the removal of antracnose. So it is necessary to use hydrothermal treatments before the use of O3. Best results were obtained an temperatures close to 55°C for 1 minute. The use of ozone did not affect the fruit cuticular surface, while the hydrothermal treatment provided the recovering of the natural fissures of the fruit. The increased ozone concentration from 2 to 4 ppm provided a loss of more than 40% of the Vitamin C content. Ozone did not affect the degree of ripening (ratio) and the skin color of the papayas.
2
Savard, Christian. "Développement de nouveaux adjuvants dérivés de pseudoparticules du virus de la mosaïque de la papaye." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27890/27890.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
La vaccination est l’une des interventions humaines ayant le plus contribué à la diminution de la mortalité reliée aux maladies infectieuses. Les succès enregistrés par les vaccins traditionnels, composés de pathogènes atténués ou inactivés, ont été obtenus principalement grâce à la stimulation d’anticorps neutralisants. Or, ce corrélat de protection immunologique ne convient plus aux nouveaux pathogènes émergeants tels que le virus de l’hépatite C ou le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine, qui requiert également la stimulation d’une réponse de type cellulaire forte. Une solution intéressante à ce problème est l'ajout d'un adjuvant au vaccin, une méthode reconnue pour augmenter l'ampleur et la diversité de la réponse immunitaire contre le vaccin. Cependant, peu d’adjuvants sont reconnus pour leur capacité à générer des réponses cellulaires et aucun n’est disponible en vaccination humaine en Amérique du nord. A cet effet, les pseudo-particules virales (PPVs) du virus de la mosaïque de la papaye (PapMV) ont précédemment démontré un certain potentiel adjuvant au niveau de la réponse cellulaire. L’objectif de ma thèse de doctorat a donc été d’étudier le potentiel adjuvant des PPVs du PapMV sur des vaccins commerciaux, ainsi que sur des cibles protéiques complètes. Dans un premier temps, nous avons évalué l’effet adjuvant des PPVs de PapMV sur le vaccin inactivé utilisé pour lutter contre le virus influenza. Ensuite, nous avons évalué l’effet de cet adjuvant, ainsi que d’une version de haute avidité, sur la nucléoprotéine (NP) du virus influenza, une cible intéressante dans le développement d’un vaccin universel contre cet important pathogène. Finalement, nous avons évalué la possibilité de développer un vaccin candidat contre le virus de l’hépatite C (VHC) basé uniquement en tout ou en partie sur la protéine de coque du VHC, protéine la plus conservée du virus, en combinaison avec notre adjuvant. Globalement, l’adjuvant s’est avéré efficace à augmenter l’immunogénicité de l’ensemble des cibles vaccinales utilisées et a même contribué à augmenter l’effet protecteur généré par le vaccin inactivé et la protéine NP contre le virus de l’influenza. Son utilité pour le développement d’un vaccin protecteur contre l’hépatite C, comprenant uniquement la protéine de coque, reste à déterminer.<br>Vaccination is one of the human interventions that having the most contributed to the decrease of mortality attributed to infectious diseases. The successes recorded by the traditional vaccines, composed of attenuated or inactivated pathogens, were principally obtained by the induction of neutralizing antibodies. Now, this correlate of immunologic protection is no longer suitable for new emergent pathogens such as the hepatitis C virus or the human immunodeficiency virus that equally require the stimulation of a strong T-cell response. An interesting solution to this problem is the addition of adjuvants to vaccines, a method known to increase the breadth and diversity of the immune response against the vaccine. However, few adjuvants are known for their ability to generate cellular responses and no adjuvant of this type is available for human vaccination in North America. To this end, the virus-like particles (VLP) of Papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) have previously demonstrated potential adjuvant effect towards the cellular responses. The objective of my Ph.D. thesis was to study the adjuvant potential of the PapMV VLPs on commercial vaccines and on complete protein targets. First, we evaluated the effect of PapMV VLPs adjuvant on the inactivated vaccine used to fight the influenza virus. Secondly, we evaluated the adjuvant effect of this adjuvant, and the high avidity version, on the nucleoprotein (NP) of influenza virus, a promising target to develop a universal vaccine against this important pathogen. Finally, we evaluated the possibility of developing a candidate vaccine against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) based in whole or in part on the core protein of HCV, the most conserved protein of the virus, in combination with our adjuvant. Overall, the adjuvant was effective of increasing the immunogenicity of all vaccine targets used and even helped to increase the protective effect generated by the inactivated influenza vaccine and the NP protein. Its usefulness for the development of a protective vaccine against hepatitis C based solely on the core protein, remains to be determined.
3
Chung, Yong Joo. "Effect of phospholipase C papain on feathering defect in 11% homogenized UHT processed cream." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07292009-090633/.
Full text
4
Jurado, Casafranca Reynaldo. "Contenido de azúcares reductores totales de tubérculos almacenados a 4 °C de 24 entradas de Solanum sección Petota (Solanaceae)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/12535.
Full textAbstract:
Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor<br>Busca identificar las entradas que presenten tubérculos con bajo contenido de azúcares reductores totales en condición de almacenamiento al frío (4 ºC), para lo cual se evaluó 24 entradas contenidas en 6 especies de Solanum sección Petota (Solanaceae) del Banco de Germoplasma del Centro Internacional de la Papa distribuidas de la siguiente manera: 20 entradas contenidas en 5 especies silvestres (S. bukasovii, S. commersonii, S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum, S. sucrense), 3 entradas contenidas en 1 especie cultivada (S. tuberosum) y la entrada ATLANTIC (S. tuberosum cv. Atlantic) considerada como control por ser muy utilizada en la industria del procesamiento. Los tubérculos de las entradas fueron obtenidos de plantas cultivadas en cobertor. El contenido de azúcares reductores totales en los tubérculos fue evaluado antes y después de ser almacenados 90 días a 4 ºC mediante el Método de Ross. También se evaluó la relación entre el contenido de azúcares reductores totales y el color de hojuela frita (escala de color 1-5 de la Snack Food Association); y el contenido de materia seca mediante la liofilización. Se encontraron 20 entradas con un contenido de azúcares reductores totales menor a ATLANTIC (0,40 g de azúcares reductores en 100 g de peso fresco) y 18 entradas con un contenido de materia seca mayor a ATLANTIC (24 %) en los tubérculos, evaluados después de ser almacenados 90 días a 4 ºC. Se obtuvo diferencias significativas entre los 4 grupos formados para el contenido de azúcares reductores totales y entre los 5 grupos formados para el contenido de materia seca de los tubérculos, evaluados después de ser almacenados 90 días a 4 ºC (prueba de Scott y Knott, p ≤ 0,5). Se obtuvo una alta correlación (r= 0,73) entre el contenido de azúcares reductores totales y el color de hojuela frita (prueba de Correlación de Spearman, p ≤ 0,5). Uno de los grupos de los tubérculos, evaluados después de ser almacenados 90 días a 4 °C, presenta 13 entradas con tubérculos de bajo contenido de azúcares reductores totales (menor a 0,27 g de azúcares reductores en 100 g de peso fresco). De este grupo, las entradas de papa silvestre: S. bukasovii: OCH 13605a; S. commersonii: FB 4025C39.1, FB 4025C5.3, FB 5078; S. oplocense: HHCH 4721, OCH 11972, OKA 4499; S. sparsipilum: OCHS 15522; S. sucrense: HHCH 4584, OKA 6724 presentan un alto contenido de materia seca (mayor al 25 %) y la posibilidad del 11 al 100 % de encontrar un excelente color de hojuela frita (valor 2), requerimientos importantes para la industria del procesamiento. Estas entradas de papa silvestre podrían ser consideradas como fuente promisoria de germoplasma con tolerancia al “Endulzamiento inducido por el frío”.<br>Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP)<br>Tesis
5
Welker, Armin [Verfasser], and Tanja [Akademischer Betreuer] Schirmeister. "Theoretische und experimentelle Wirkstoffsuche an den Zielproteinen SARS-Coronavirus-Papain-like-Protease und Elongin-C / Armin Welker. Betreuer: Tanja Schirmeister." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1109749414/34.
Full text
6
Artifon, Everson Luiz de Almeida. "Colangiopancreatografia endoscópica: análise da ocorrência de pancreatite aguda em diferentes modalidades técnicas de cateterização da papila duodenal maior." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5154/tde-09102014-104212/.
Full textAbstract:
Na realização da colangiopancreatografia endoscópica retrógrada a cateterização da papila duodenal maior é passo fundamental na obtenção do acesso biliar profundo e correlaciona -se com complicações biliopancreáticas das quais a pancreatite aguda pós-CPER é a mais comum. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: a) comparar o índice de sucesso na canulação seletiva da via biliar com uso do canulótomo e canulótomo com fio guia; b) comparar, entre ambos os grupos, as dosagens séricas de amilase, lipase e proteína C reativa; c) avaliar a incidência de pancreatite nos grupos em estudo. No período de julho de 2002 a outubro de 2003 foram realizadas 341 CPER em três Instituições de nível terciário, destas foram randomizados prospectivamente e de maneira consecutiva 300 pacientes para cateterização papilar com canulótomo (Grupo I) e canulótomo com fio guia (Grupo II). Os procedimentos endoscópicos foram realizados pelo autor nas três Instituições. Procedeu-se a caracterização do perfil técnico-laboratorial e avaliação da incidência de pancreatite através de métodos clínicolaboratoriais e imagenológicos, para ambos os grupos. Todos os pacientes do estudo foram mantidos internados por 24 horas após a CPRE. A cateterização inadvertida do ducto pancreático foi semelhante para os dois grupos (p= 0,161). A fistulopapilotomia foi mais freqüente no grupo I (p= 0,011), porém apresentou significativamente menor incidência de pancreatite aguda no grupo II (p= 0,041). As dosagens séricas de amilase coletadas quatro, 12 e 24 horas após CPER foram significativamente maior no grupo I (p= 0,0087; p= 0,045; p= 0,0474; respectivamente). As dosagens séricas de lipase e proteína C-reativa após a CPER foram similares para ambos os grupos. O tempo de manipulação pancreática apresentou elevação similar nas dosagens séricas de amilase após a CPRE, porém todas as dosagens de lipase coletadas após a CPER foram significativamente maior no grupo I para a categorização de um a cinco minutos (p= 0,025; p= 0,032; p= 0,049). O número de cateterizações pancreáticas categorizadas em uma a cinco vezes apresentou elevação significativamente maior no grupo I, para as amostras de amilase, lipase e proteína C-reativa coletadas quatro, 12 e 24 horas após a CPER (amilase: p=0,006; p= 0,0023; p= 0,0095/lipase: p= 0,13; p= 0,018; p= 0,028 / PC-R: p= 0,005; p= 0,01; p= 0,01). As papilotomias realizadas no grupo II apresentaram significativamente maior elevação das dosagens séricas de amilase coletadas 12 e 24 horas após a CPER (p= 0,033; p= 0,049). As dosagens séricas de lipase e proteína C-reativa apresentaram elevações similares tanto na papilotomia como na fistulopapilotomia. A pancreatite aguda pós-CPER foi significativamente maior no grupo I (p= 0,037). Conclusões: a) O acesso biliar através do cateter com fio guia proporcionou maior índice de sucesso na canulação biliar seletiva; b) No perfil laboratorial estudado a dosagem de amilase se mostrou com diferença significante na comparação entre os grupos estudados. O mesmo não ocorreu nas dosagens de lipase e PC-R; c) O uso do fio guia foi um fator de prevenção na ocorrência da pancreatite aguda pós-CPRE<br>During the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) the main step is the cannulation of major duodenal papilla to obtain deep bile duct access, and it is correlated to pancreaticobiliary complications being acute pancreatitis the most frequent. The aims were: a) compare the rate of success to achieve selective cannulation of common bile duct using a single cannula and cannula with guide-wire; b) compare the amylase, lypase and Creactive protein serum level between the groups; c) evaluate the incidence of pancreatitis in the groups. From July 2002 to October 2003 there were performed 341 ERCP on three institutions of tertiary level. From them, 300 patients were randomized, on a prospective and consecutive fashion to major duodenal papilla cannulation using single cannula (Group I) and cannula with guide wire (Group II). The author himself performed all the endoscopic procedures on the three institutions. The characterization of technicallaboratory profile and evaluation of the incidence of pancreatitis were proceeded by clinical-laboratory and image methods to both groups. All patients were hospitalized by 24 hours after ERCP. The cannulations of pancreatic duct were similar to both groups (p=0,161). The fistulosphincterotomy was more frequent in group I (p=0,011), but group II presented significant lower incidence of acute pancreatitis (p=0,041). The amylase serum were collected 4, 12 and 24 hours after ERCP and were significantly higher in group I (p=0,0087; p=0,045; p=0.0474, respectively). The lypase and C-reactive protein after ERCP were similar to both groups. The time of pancreatic manipulation presented similar elevation of amylase serum after ERCP, therefore all lypase serum after ERCP were significantly higher in group I for the categorization of 1 to 5 minutes (p=0,025; p=0,032;p=0,049). The number of pancreatic cannulations categorized in 1 to 5 times presented significant higher elevation in group I, to the samples of amylase, lypase and C-reactive protein serum collected 4, 12 and 24 hours after ERCP (amylase: p=0,006; p=0,0023; p=0,0095/ lypase: p=0,13; p=0,018;p=0,028/ C-RP: p=0,005; p=0,01; p=0,01). The endoscopic papillotomy performed in group II presented significant higher elevation of amylase serum collected at 12 and 24 hour post ERCP (p=0,033;p=0,049). The lypase and C-reactive protein serum presented similar elevation such as in papillotomy as in fistulosphincterotomy. The acute pancreatitis post ERCP were significantly higher in group I (p=0,037). Conclusion: a) The biliar access by cannula with guide wire offered a higher success to selective biliar cannulation; b) the laboratory profile of amylase serum showed a significant difference between the groups. It did not occur with lypase and C-reactive protein serum levels; c) the use of guide wire was a preventing factor of acute pancreatitis post ERCP
7
Fernández, Vargas Renzo Renato. "Evaluación del efecto inmunomodulador de la administración oral de “tocosh” de papa (Solanum tuberosum) en ratones BALB/c inmunosuprimidos con metilprednisolona." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5501.
Full textAbstract:
Publicación a texto completo no autorizado por el autor<br>Identifica el efecto modulador del tocosh de papa sobre la respuesta inmune humoral y celular en ratones inmunosuprimidos con metilprednisolona. Emplea 36 ratones machos Balb/c, divididos en seis grupos de 6 ratones: (GI) sin ningún tratamiento, (GII) sólo sensibilizado con glóbulos rojos de carnero, (GIII, IV, V) con extractos a 500 mg/Kg, 1000 mg/Kg, 2000 mg/Kg, inmunosuprimidos y sensibilizados, respectivamente y (GVI) sólo inmunosuprimidos y sensibilizados. Luego del proceso de acondicionamiento de los animales, se empieza el esquema de inmunosupresión moderada con metilprednisolona por 4 dias, después al quinto dia, se procede a sensibilizar con GRC al l0% vía i.p. y ese mismo día se les administra los extractos a los grupos correspondientes por siete días via oral. Al final del procedimiento se evalúa el recuento leucocitario, así como el título de anticuerpos hemaglutinantes.<br>Tesis
8
Welker, Armin. "Theoretische und experimentelle Wirkstoffsuche an den Zielproteinen SARS-Coronavirus-Papain-like-Protease und Elongin-C." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-72500.
Full textAbstract:
Um Wirkstoffe gegen das SARS-Coronavirus zu erhalten, wurden in dieser Arbeit Proteaseinhibitoren gegen die SARS-CoV-PLpro entwickelt. Ein Ansatz um neue Wirkstoffe gegen HIV zu finden, wurde über eine versuchte Blockade von Elongin-C beschritten. Bei der computergestützten Suche nach neuen SARS-CoV-PLpro-Inihibitoren wurde zunächst die strukturell bekannte Ligand-Bindetasche analysiert, und nach Evaluation des Dockingprozesses wurden mehrere Screeningprojekte an den Röntgenkristallstrukturen 3E9S und 3MJ5 durchgeführt. Von 24 kommerziell erworbenen Screening-Verbindungen riefen 7 eine Störung des beim Enzymassay gemessenen Fluoreszenzsignals hervor (Quenching bzw. Eigenfluoreszenz). Letztlich konnte den beiden inhibitorisch aktiven Imidazolderivaten B6 und B9 je ein IC50-Wert von etwa 50 µM zugewiesen werden. Das Imidazolscaffold eröffnet damit eine neue Substanzklasse zur Inhibition der SARS-CoV-PLpro. Im präparativ-chemischen Teil des SARS-Projekts wurden weitere Substanzklassen dargestellt, von denen die Inhibitoren vom Benzamid-Typ und Isoindolin-Typ eine Hemmung im einstelligen Mikromolaren Bereich (IC50) zeigten. Die Isoindolin-Derivate sind damit eine weitere, in dieser Arbeit entwickelte Leitstruktur zur Hemmung der SARS-CoV-PLpro. Bei der Suche nach einem Wirkstoff gegen HIV-1 wurde die neue Zielstruktur Elongin-C zur Inhibition durch niedermolekulare Liganden ausgewählt. Vier virtuelle Screeningprojekte führten zur Bestellung von 27 Verbindungen. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen lassen noch keine abschließende Beurteilung der Ergebnisse zu, und der bisherige Zellassay wird noch durch spezifischere Methoden zur Bestimmung einer Ligandbindung an Elongin-C ergänzt werden. Falls es gelingt, einer der Verbindungen Elongin-C-blockierende Aktivität nachzuweisen, sind aufgrund des Eingriffs in einen zellulären Mechanismus neben der anti-HIV-Wirkung noch weitere pharmakologische Effekte denkbar, und das therapeutische Potenzial eines solchen Stoffs könnte in zukünftigen Experimenten erforscht werden<br>In this work protease inhibitors for SARS-CoV-PLpro were developed to find new active drugs against the SARS-Coronavirus. A new approach in combatting HIV was tried by blocking elongin-C. The computer-aided search for new SARS-CoV-PLpro inhibitors began with the analysis of the structurally known ligand binding pocket. After evaluation of the docking process, several virtual screening projects were performed with the X-ray structures 3E9S and 3MJ5. 24 compounds were purchased and tested for enzyme inhibition against SARS-CoV-PLpro. The fluorimetric assay was affected by 7 of the 24 compounds (quenching or fluorescence), and finally two screening hits, the imidazole derivatives B6 and B9, were found to be active with IC50 values around 50 µM. This imidazole scaffold opens up a novel class of substances displaying inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-PLpro. In the preparative chemical part of the SARS project, further substance classes were developed. Of these, the inhibitors with the benzamide scaffold and the isoindoline scaffold displayed an inhibitory potency in the low micromolar range (IC50). Thus, the isoindoline scaffold is another lead structure developed in this work to inhibit SARS-CoV-PLpro. In the HIV project elongin-C was chosen as a new target protein and small molecules were searched to inhibit the protein-protein interaction interface of elongin-C. Four virtual screening projects led to 27 commercially available compounds. The results of the cell assays do not yet allow a concluding judgement and will be extended through further investigation. If one of the compounds displays elongin-C blocking activity, several pharmacological effects besides the anti-HIV action should be considered, as elongin-C is part of the cellular mechanism. Thus, further experiments could explore the therapeutic potential of a drug blocking cellular elongin-C
9
Scott, Brendan. "Evolution of the Gerbich negative allele of glycophorin C : co-evolution of malaria and its human hosts." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150170.
Full textBooks on the topic "C. papaya"
1
Shaw, Robert L. J. The Celestine Monks of France, c. 1350-1450. Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986787.
Full textAbstract:
The Celestine monks of France represent one of the least studied monastic reform movements of the late Middle Ages, and yet also one of the most culturally impactful. Their order - an austere Italian Benedictine reform of the late thirteenth century, which came be known after the papal name of their founder, Celestine V (St Peter of Murrone) - arrived in France in 1300. After a period of marginal growth, they flourished in the region from the mid-fourteenth century, founding thirteen new houses over the next hundred years, taking their total to seventeen by 1450. Not only did the French Celestines expand, they gained a distinctive character that separated them from their Italian brothers. More urban, better connected with both aristocratic and bourgeois society, and yet still rigorous and reformist, they characterised themselves as the 'Observant' wing of their order, having gained self-government for their provincial congregation in 1380 following the arrival of the Great Western Schism (1378-1417). But, as Robert L.J. Shaw argues, their importance runs beyond monastic reform: the late medieval French Celestines are a mirror of the political, intellectual, and Christian reform culture of their age. Within a France torn by war and a Church divided by schism, the French Celestines represented hope for renewal, influencing royal presentation, lay religion, and some of the leading French intellectuals of the period, including Jean Gerson.
2
Scheid, John. Recherches archéologiques à la Magliana: Commentarii Fratrum Arvalium qui supersunt : les copies épigraphiques des protocoles annuels de la confrérie arvale : 21 av.-304 ap. J.-C. Ecole française de Rome, 1998.
Find full text
5
Noble, T. F. X. Early Medieval Papacy C.325-1050. Pearson Education, Limited, 2020.
Find full text
6
d'Avray, David L. Papal Jurisprudence C. 400: Sources of the Canon Law Tradition. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, 2019.
Find full text
7
Papal Jurisprudence C. 400: Sources of the Canon Law Tradition. Cambridge University Press, 2019.
Find full text
8
Haldon, John. Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Views on Islam and on Jihād, c.900 CE. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0035.
Full textAbstract:
The later ninth-century interest in court circles at Constantinople in reaffirming the Roman credentials of the eastern Roman state—most obvious in imperially sponsored codifications of law—is now generally understood to have been, at least in part, a response to challenges set up by the papacy, and in particular followed on from the exchange of letters between popes and emperors or their advisors in the second half of the ninth century. But there were other consequences of this process, many of which can be summed up in the phrase ‘Macedonian renaissance’. More radically, however, it can be argued that medieval eastern Roman attitudes to Islam were also bound up with these changes, entailing not only an attempt to understand aspects of Islamic belief and praxis, but for the first time perceiving Islam as an existential threat to the moral as well as the political universe of Christianity.
9
England and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages: Papal Privileges in European Perspective, C. 680-1073. Oxford University Press, 2023.
Find full text
10
Alexander, Hislop. Two Babylons : Or the Papal Worship Proved to Be the Worship of Nimrod and His Wife: With Sixty-One Wood-Cut Illustrations from Nineveh, Babylon, Egypt, Pompeii, &c. Lulu Press, Inc., 2019.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "C. papaya"
1
Previte-Orton, C. W. "The Papacy and Italy, 1250—c. 1800." In A History of Europe. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003608783-4.
Full text
2
Drew, Richard A. I., and Meredith C. Romig. "Supraspecific classification." In The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritideae: Dacinae) of Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua, Associated Islands and Bougainville. CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249514.0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The definitions of genera and subgenera used in the classification of the Dacini have been in a continual state of change for over a century. The early definitions were based on often homoplasious morphological characters, some examples for the Oriental and Australian regions being Tryon (1927), Perkins (1937), Hardy (1951), May (1951) and Drew (1972). More recently revised subgeneric definitions for most species groups were published by Drew and Hancock (2016) and Hancock and Drew (2006, 2015, 2016, 2017a,b,c,d,e, 2018a,b,c, 2019), based on detailed analyses of dacine biogeography, host plant biology and morphology. This chapter discusses the evolutionary origins of the Dacini, the host plant and its influence on speciation in the Dacini.
3
Drew, Richard A. I., and Meredith C. Romig. "Materials and methods." In The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritideae: Dacinae) of Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua, Associated Islands and Bougainville. CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249514.0003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Large numbers of dacine specimens were collected throughout Papua New Guinea by trapping and host fruit sampling. Steinertype fruit fly traps, baited with cue lure, methyl eugenol or vanillylacetone (zingerone), were set in many localities over a wide range of ecosystems. In most cases, the traps were serviced on 2-week cycles for at least 1 year. Samples of rainforest and cultivated fruits were collected in some provinces. All specimens collected were preserved in a dry state and sent to R.A.I. Drew at Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia, for microscopic identification and curation. Data and photographs of Bactrocera longicornis were received from the Museum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. The subgeneric classification used herein follows Drew and Hancock (2016) and Hancock and Drew (2006, 2015, 2016, 2017a,b,c,d,e, 2018a,b,c, 2019).
4
Forey, Alan. "The Papacy and Muslims Residing in Christian Spain, c. 1050-1300." In OUTREMER. Brepols Publishers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.outremer-eb.5.111267.
Full text
5
Hamilton, Bernard. "The Power of Tradition: The Papacy and the Churches of the East, c. 1100-1300." In Europa Sacra. Brepols Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.es-eb.5.118964.
Full text
6
García Portilla, Jason. "Culture, Religion, and Corruption/Prosperity (A), (B), (C), (1), (2)." In “Ye Shall Know Them by Their Fruits”. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78498-0_10.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis chapter characterises the relations between culture, religion, and corruption/prosperity. It advances the explanations of the prosperity–religion nexus from the perspective of cultural attributes (e.g. trust, individualism, familialism) by comparing Roman Catholic and Protestant theologies.Protestant denominations have mostly relinquished their founding principles, while “Rome never changes” as per the Italian saying. Despite the progress after Vatican II, Roman Catholicism has not markedly altered its beliefs and practices or its institutional founding principles (i.e. Canon Law) since medieval times. The political repercussions of an ecumenism in “Rome terms” are beyond its theological or religious implications.Liberation theology urged the Latin American Roman Church to break away from its imperialist origins and favouritism for landlords, industrialists, and power elites. However, liberation theology never became the mainstream or hegemonic Catholic theology in Latin America.Distinct Protestant theologies and organisational forms have led to distinct outcomes. New forms of Protestantism (i.e. Pentecostalism) placing less emphasis on education are less likely to have a positive social impact than previous (historical) Protestant versions. Some Protestant denominations still adhere to intertextual historicist biblical interpretation and hold the belief that the papacy continues to be “Satan’s synagogue” today.The heavily criticised Prosperity Gospel (PG) movement has syncretic roots in Pentecostalism, New Thought, and African American religion, and is composed mainly of the middle classes and blacks.While syncretism has been a natural process in all religions, Jews and historical Protestants have tended to be more anti-syncretic given their Scriptural base of beliefs. In turn, the importance of traditions, in Roman Catholicism for instance, has led to include more non-orthodox rituals in its practice.
7
Drew, Richard A. I., and Meredith C. Romig. "Species and speciation." In The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritideae: Dacinae) of Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua, Associated Islands and Bougainville. CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249514.0004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter discusses two species models, which are diametrically opposed. The first, often called the 'biological species concept', defines species in terms of 'reproductive isolation', convinced that species arise when subsets of a population are split off and remain geographically isolated over evolutionary time. If and when such new species are reunited with their founder population, interbreeding does not occur, or if it does, infertile progeny result. Hence, from the biological species concept, natural selection is a primary agent of change and directly selects for new species. In this sense, species are the direct products of natural selection and they are therefore 'adaptive devices'. When applying this species concept, it has been impossible to separate some sibling species of fruit flies in the genus Bactrocera where distinct morphological species can be similar in molecular analyses of certain DNA sequences, while similar species morphologically are distinct in the same molecular characters. A radically different model, the 'recognition concept of species', relies heavily on a knowledge of species ecology and behaviour, particularly in their natural habitat. The principal points in this concept are given. In contrast to the now-outdated biological species concept that leads one to depend on laboratory-based research to define species, the recognition concept requires workers to undertake extensive field research in the habitat of the taxon under investigation. In translating this approach to research in the insect family Tephritidae, particularly the Dacinae, some 35 years of field surveys have been undertaken throughout the Indian subcontinent, South-east Asia and the South Pacific region. These surveys included trapping using male lure traps and host fruit collections of commercial/edible fruits. The results of this work have included the provision of specimens of almost all known species for morphological descriptions (c.800 species), material for male pheromone chemistry, and data on host fruit relationships and biogeographical studies.
8
Lim, K. P., and D. X. Liu. "Characterisation of a Papain-Like Proteinase Domain Encoded by ORF1a of the Coronavirus IBV and Determination of the C-Terminal Cleavage Site of an 87 kDa Protein." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5331-1_22.
Full text
9
Farelo, Mário. "The Collection of Annates in Portugal During the Papacy of Avignon, c. 1316–1377: Just Another Case of Apostolic Tax-Collecting in a Realm at the Back of Beyond?" In Portugal in a European Context. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06227-8_3.
Full text
10
Zamberlan, Amanda Luize, Murilo Eduardo Chagas, Nícolas da Rocha Ribas, et al. "USO DE BIOADSORVENTE NA REMOÇÃO DE COBRE (Cu2+) DE ÁGUAS RESIDUAIS." In Prática Profissional Integrada de Química - Volume 1. Seven Editora, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/livrosindi202428-019.
Full textAbstract:
O tratamento correto de efluentes é de suma importância visto os possíveis danos ambientais quando descartados de forma inadequada sem tratamento prévio. Diante desta problemática, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo fazer a análise experimental da adsorção de íons de cobre usando sementes de mamão papaya (Carica Papaya L.) como bioadsorvente. A metodologia deste trabalho consiste no tratamento físico-químico do bioadsorvente, ensaios de adsorção que foram conduzidos em um banho termostático do tipo Dubnoff, a temperatura controlada, e análise de concentração de íons usando titulação de complexação, com aporte metodológico de livros e bases de dados de artigos científicos. Foi observado que as sementes de mamão apresentam melhor desempenho conforme o aumento de temperatura, sendo possível concluir que o processo é endotérmico, sendo que a temperatura mais adequada para a adsorção foi a de 25°C, com base no ajuste pelo modelo cinético de Lagergren de pseudo primeira ordem.
Conference papers on the topic "C. papaya"
1
Laurora, Alice, Kacie K. H. Y. Ho, Jon-Paul Bingham, and Mahesha Poojary. "Varietal Differences in Carotenoid Composition and Their Bioaccessibility from Papaya (C. papaya) Cultivars in Hawaii." In Virtual 2020 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am20.187.
Full text
2
"Optimization of bioethanol production from papaya waste through fermentation using response surface methodology (RSM)." In Sustainable Processes and Clean Energy Transition. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902516-10.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. There is a growing pressure for the development of sustainable and environmental-friendly source of energy such as ethanol that could substitute the depleting fossil fuels. Papaya waste including papaya seed and papaya peel is one of the main fruit wastes in Southeast Asia which has great potential to be utilized as substrate for bioethanol production. In this study, papaya waste was fermented to produce bioethanol using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. The effect of pH, temperature, and incubation time on bioethanol production was studied within the range of 3.0-6.0, 25-45°C and 24-96 h, respectively. These parameters were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based Box-Behnken Design (BBD). It was found that a maximum ethanol concentration of 0.2224 g/ml was obtained from papaya waste at pH 4.5, 45°C and 24 hours. The significance of the parameters increased from incubation time, pH to temperature.
3
Ruminah, Ida Yusidah, and Tina Dewi Rosahdi. "Determination nutrient content (C, N, P, K) on the citrus (Citrus sp.), pineapple (Ananas comosus), papaya (Carica papaya L.) peels eco-enzyme." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCE OF SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING 2021 (SIMASE 2021): Post Covid-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities in Environment, Science, and Engineering Research. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0112775.
Full text
4
SECRIERU, Cristina, and Natalia STRATAN. "Classification criteria of medical terms in Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu's works (based on the novels Fecioarele despletite and Bach Concert)." In "Educaţia lingvistică şi literară în contextul dezvoltării valorilor general-umane", conferinţă ştiinţifică internaţională. Ion Creangă Pedagogical State University, 2024. https://doi.org/10.46727/c.10-11-11-2023.p49-55.
Full textAbstract:
The present research had in mind the criteria for classifying medical terms in the nov Fecioarele despletite and Bach Music Concert by Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu. Thus, the medical terms were classified: according to the formal criterion, according to the morphological criterion, according to the etymological criterion, according to the lexical-semantic criterion.
5
Holvoet, P., J. M. Stassen, and D. Collen. "THROMBUS IMAGING WITH MURINE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST FIBRIN FRAGMENT D-DIMER IN A RABBIT JUGULAR VEIN THROMBOSIS MODEL." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642891.
Full textAbstract:
Three murine monoclonal antibodies (MA-6C1, MA-8D3 and MA-15C5) reacting with fragment D-dimer from crosslinked fibrin but not with monomeric fragment D were obtained by immunization of Balb/c mice with the highly purified fragment, fusion of spleen cells with a myeloma cell line, production of. ascites fluid in mice and purification of the antibodies on Affigel Blue. Fab fragments were isolated from papain digests. The IgG and Fab fragments were labeled with 125I, 131I or 123I using lactoper-oxidase. The disposition rates (t1/2) and thrombus to blood ratios, measured in groups of 3 rabbits with a non-occlusive jugular vein thrombus composed of whole human plasma were :These results indicate that, after 1 to 3 half-lives of the IgG or Fab fragments, using combinations of 2 or 3 monoclonal antibodies, thrombus to blood ratios of isotope of 5 to 7 are obtained. Such signal/noise ratios are sufficient for in vivo detection by exteijil gamma scintigraphy. This was preliminarily confirmed using 123I-labeled Fab fragments of the three antibodies in rabbits.
6
Takami, H., W. L. Nichols, S. E. Kaese, R. S. Miller, J. A. Katzmann, and E. J. W. Bowie. "FAB FRAGMENTS OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES SPECIFIC FOR PORCINE PLATELET MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS GP IB ANDGP IIB/IIIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643513.
Full textAbstract:
For further study of the porcine hemostatic mechanism, we have prepared murine monoclonal antibodies, and F(ab')2 and Fab fragments, specific for porcine platelet membrane glycoproteins GP lb and GP Ilb/IIIa. To avoid production of antibodies to von Willebrand factor (vWF), mice were immunized with platelets obtained from pigs with severe von Willebrand,s disease. One monoclonal antibody (PP3-4C), of IgG1 subclass, caused 85% inhibition of Ristocetin-induced platelet binding of 125I-vWF (porcine) at ≥12 µg IgG/ml. PP3-4C did not affect ADP or collagen-induced platelet aggregation nor inhibit 125I-fibrinogen (porcine) binding. Pepsin and papain digestion, respectively, were used to prepare PP3-4C F(ab')2 and Fab fragments. PP3-4C F(ab')2 at concentrations ≥12 µg/ml caused 80% inhibition of washed platelet agglutination in the presence of vWF and Ristocetin, whereas Fab fragments at concentrations ≥10 µg/ml caused 60% inhibition. Another monoclonal antibody (PP3-3A), of IgG1 subclass, completely inhibited ADP or collagen-induced platelet aggregation at an IgG concentration of 6 µg/ml. At 10 µg IgG/ml PP3-3A completely inhibited binding either of 125I-fibrinogen or of 125I-vWF to ADP-stimulated porcine platelets. PP3-3A did not affect vWF-dependent Ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination, nor 125I-vWF binding to platelets in the presence of Ristocetin. PP3-3A did not bind to platelets which were treated with 10 mM EDTA at 37°C for 60 min. F(ab')2 and Fab fragments were isolated from PP3-3A pepsin or papain digests. Both types of PP3-3A fragments caused 100% inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, at concentrations ≥6 yg/ml. Immunoprecipitation of surface-radiolabeled porcine platelets and subsequent SDS-PAGE demonstrated that PP3-4C recognized a glycoprotein with molecular weight of 140,000 (under reducing conditions), and 165,000 (non-reduced). PP3-3A recognized glycoproteins with molecular weights of 115,000 and 100,000 (reduced), and 130,000 and 80,000 (non-reduced). Neither monoclonal antibody bound to human platelets. These monoclonal antibodies to porcine platelet membrane glycoproteins which are analogues of human GP lb and GP Ilb/IIIa will be useful for in vitro and in vivo studies to further understanding of mammalian hemostatic mechanisms.
7
Hoser, M., and G. F. Savidge. "DIFFERENCES IN PEPTIDE MAPS OF a POLYMERS FROM FIBRIN PRODUCED IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF ERYTHROCYTES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643320.
Full textAbstract:
α chain polymerisation during clot formation is accelerated in the presence of erythrocytes. This effect is abrogated if the erythrocytes are obtained from patients with various haemoglo-binopathies. Enzyme digests of the α polymers produced in the presence or absence of erythrocytes were prepared to further define any differences between them.Clots were produced from citrate/EACA plasma samples or plasma/erythrocyte mixtures by the addition of thrombin and calcium. After five hours, clots were washed iii 8 M urea until traces of haemoglobin were removed. After reduction and alkylation clots were dissolved in 0.5% SDS. a polymers were purified on sephacryl S-300 and protein concentrations were adjusted to 0.5 mg/ml. These were digested with S. Aureus V8 protease (150 mg/ml), papain (50 mg/ml) or chymotrypsin (100 mg/ml) at 37°C at sequential time intervals.After the addition of 2% SDS samples were analysed on 15% SDS polyacrylamide gels.In all cases digestion of a polymers from clots formed in the absence of erythrocytes took place more rapidly and contained peptide bands not apparent in other digests.The observations suggest that α polymers formed in the presence or absence of erythrocytes exhibit differing kinetics of response to proteolytic cleavage and indicate that erythrocytes may influence the primary and/or quartenary structure of the polymers studied.
8
Olua, D. T. "Miocene Turbidite Sequence as Potential Reservoir and Source Rock Of Mamberamo Basin: An Insight From Fieldwork in Metaweja Area, Central Mamberamo District, Papua." In Indonesian Petroleum Association 44th Annual Convention and Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa21-sg-247.
Full textAbstract:
The geology of the Metaweja area is characterized by the turbidite sequence which are deposited in the deep-sea environment during the Miocene and exposed to surface due to the latest deformation. The research was conducted to identify the potential source rock and reservoir rock within the turbidite deposits. In the study area, there are three types of rock units, calcareous shale units formed in the Late Miocene, Sandstone unit and interbedded siltstone-sandstone unit that were deposited in Middle Miocene. Measured section was carried out at the several stations in order to analyze the turbid current deposition mechanism. Measured section of the alternating unit of sandstone - siltstone are observed at several places where the unit has intercalation of shale, coal and iron oxide. Some syn-depositional sedimentary structure also found within this unit. The carbonate shale unit has good total organic content (TOC) ranging from 0.51wt% to 2.56wt%. Pyrolysis analysis has S2 value 1.31 mg/g to 1.34 mg/g, Hydrogen Index (HI) 35 mgHC/g to 49 mgHC/g, Oxygen Index (OI) 35 mgHC/g to 49 mgHC/g, Tmax 430 °C to 434 °C and Vitrinite Reflecteance index (Ro) 0.32% to 0.54%. The carbonate shale characterized as the type III kerogen which prone gas source rock and interpreted as immature to early mature source rock. The petrography analysis of alternating rocks of sandstone - siltstone has characteristics of sandstones with 44% of volcanic lithic fragment composition, 20% matrix 10% clay size fragments, secondary porosity reaches 10% and 13% cement carbonate calcite. Based on the petrography analysis, this unit could be interpreted as reservoir rock, although we need further analysis for the Permeability measurement.
9
Dintenfass, L. "AGGREGATES OF RED BLOOD CELLS, AND AGGREGATES OF PLATELETS UNDER ZERO GRAVITY: EXPERIMENT ON NASA SPACE SHUTTLE "DISCOVERY" STS 51-C, JANUARY l985." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644538.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of experiment "ARC" on the space shuttle "Discovery STS 51-C, was to define effect of zero gravity on kinetics and morphology of aggregation of red cells in blood obtained from patients suffering from ischaemic heart disease, colon cancer, insulin-dependent diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, IgG and IgM papa-proteins. Space-rated automated slit-capillary photo-viscometer contained a motorized infusion pump capable of handling eight different blood samples. Two cameras and a microscope allowed micro and macrophotography, and total of 500 photographs was obtained in space; and equivalent number on the ground, in the Kennedy Space Center, where a duplicate ground photo-viscometer was present. Identical blood samples have been used in the ground experiments. The slit had a gap of 12.5 microns (micrometers). Blood was anticoagulated with EDTA and adjusted to haematocrit of 0.30 using native plasma. Samples were kept at -5°C prior to the experiment, and at 25°C during experiment; duration of experiment was 91/2 hours. The same computer program was used in both instruments. Photography was carried out at set intervals up to six minutes from the moment of stasis. There was a drastic difference between aggregation on the ground and at zero gravity. Blood from patients was greatly sludged on the ground, but normal rouleaux were formed under zero gravity. Also, aggregates uikder zero g were much smaller. However, red cell shape was not changed. Blood samples from normal donors, which showed normal rouleaux on the ground, exhibited random swarm pattern under zero gravity. Platelets, which tended to aggregate on the ground, and tended to accummulate at the slit entrance, remained monodisperse under zero gravity and no pseudopodia have been noted; under zero g platelet moved through the slit. Subject to future confirmation, it is suggested that zero gravity affects cell-to-cell interaction, and probably causes a modification of the cell membrane. If this is true, a new vista opens in the studies of immunology and oncology under zero gravity.
Reports on the topic "C. papaya"
1
Parra-Cortes, Claudia, Arsened Vargas Guarín, and Guillermo Edmundo Caicedo Díaz. Valoración del efecto de herbicidas sobre las comunidades microbianas del suelo. Sello Editorial UNAD, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecapma.7199.
Full textAbstract:
Contextualización: La fertilidad del suelo está influenciada por una compleja interacción de características físicas (como la densidad, estructura y porosidad), químicas (incluyendo la actividad de las arcillas, los potenciales de óxido-reducción y la presencia de materia orgánica) y biológicas (que comprenden los microorganismos de la microflora y microfauna, así como la meso y macrofauna). Estas interacciones son fundamentales para la disponibilidad de nutrientes para las plantas. No obstante, los microorganismos desempeñan un papel crucial, ya que tienen la capacidad de modificar tanto los aspectos bioquímicos, como la producción de enzimas, lo que contribuye significativamente a su fertilidad. Por esta razón, es esencial conocer y monitorear el estado de los microorganismos en el suelo. Vacío de conocimiento: aún no se conoce el verdadero daño que causan los herbicidas sobre la población microbiana. La degradación de la materia orgánica del suelo limita la vida de estos, por ende, la fertilidad se ve afectada. Propósito: el objetivo de esta investigación es realizar una evaluación del efecto de la aplicación de mezcla de herbicidas sobre las poblaciones microbiana en un sistema productivo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.). Metodología: en este estudio se analiza el suelo de un cultivo de arroz tratado con una mezcla de herbicidas: Cletodim, Carfentrazona etilo y glifosato. Se determina actividad mediante la respiración basal microbiana en mg de CO2 y el crecimiento microbial en placa de Agar Papa Dextrosa (PDA). Resultados y conclusiones: los resultados revelan que los suelos tratados con mezcla de herbicidas Cletodim, Carfentrazona etilo y glifosato disminuyen la población microbiana en placa PDA. Los suelos con aplicación de mezcla de herbicida (SH) obtuvieron en promedio 6 UFC/ g de suelo y un área de crecimiento de 62 cm2, en comparación con el suelo testigo sin aplicación de herbicidas (STSH), que presentó 30 UFC/ g suelo y 70 cm2 Además, se observó un aumento en la respiración basal de microbiana en mg de CO2 como respuesta al herbicida SH, de 3,7 en mg C-CO2 kg-1 de suelo seco día-1 a los cinco días después de la aplicación (dda) y 5,1 en mg C-CO2 kg-1 de suelo seco día-1 a los 15 dda. Esto debido a que los microorganismos tratan de sintetizar las moléculas del herbicida, lo que aumenta su actividad.
2
Ablingi Agency premises, Territory of Papua New Guinea - Exterior c.1920. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-002383.
Full text
3
Samarai, Papua New Guinea - Premises of the Bank of NSW - c. 1915. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-002363.
Full text
4
Rabaul, Territory of Papua New Guinea, Governor-General's Visit early 1920's (copy c). Reserve Bank of Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-001886.
Full text
5
Bank's Functions, Activities - Papua & New Guinea Division - Savings & Loan Society - c.1970. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-005552.
Full text
6
Miscellaneous - Premises - Other Banks - Bank of Papua New Guinea - Opening - 1 November 1973 (copy c). Reserve Bank of Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-004922.
Full text
7
Staff - Individual Officers - Branches - Bank of Papua New Guinea - Portrait - Henry ToRobert - c. early 1960's. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-004636.
Full text
8
Territory of Papua New Guinea - Federation of Savings and Loan Societies - Opening meeting, Lae - 22 March 1966 (copy c). Reserve Bank of Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-004904.
Full text
9
Territory of Papua New Guinea - Federation of Savings and Loan Societies - First Annual General Meeting - September 1966 (copy c). Reserve Bank of Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-004908.
Full text
10
Bank's Functions, Activities - Papua & New Guinea Division - Savings & Loan Society - Society Building Lagi Lagi No. 1 - c.1970. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-005554.
Full text