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1
Dong, Lianger, and Yong Li. "Fate of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes on Whole Papaya during Storage and Antimicrobial Efficiency of Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide Generated with HCl, Malic Acid or Lactic Acid on Whole Papaya." Foods 10, no. 8 (2021): 1871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081871.
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Papaya-associated foodborne illness outbreaks have been frequently reported worldwide. The goal of this study was to evaluate the behavior of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes on whole papaya during storage and sanitizing process. Fresh green papayas were inoculated with approximately 7 log CFU of S. Typhimurium and L. monocytogenes and stored at 21 or 7 °C for 14 days. Bacteria counts were determined on day 0, 1, 7, 10 and 14. Fresh green papayas inoculated with approximately 8 log CFU of the bacteria were treated for 5 min with 2.5, 5 and 10 ppm aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2). The ClO2 solutions were generated by mixing sodium chlorite with an acid, which was HCl, lactic acid or malic acid. The detection limit of the enumeration method was 2.40 log CFU per papaya. At the end of storage period, S. Typhimurium and L. monocytogenes grew by 1.88 and 1.24 log CFU on papayas at 21 °C, respectively. Both bacteria maintained their initial population at inoculation on papayas stored at 7 °C. Higher concentrations of ClO2 reduced more bacteria on papaya. 10 ppm ClO2, regardless the acid used to generate the solutions, inactivated S. Typhimurium to undetectable level on papaya. 10 ppm ClO2 generated with HCl, lactic acid and malic acid reduced L. monocytogenes by 4.40, 6.54 and 8.04 log CFU on papaya, respectively. Overall, ClO2 generated with malic acid showed significantly higher bacterial reduction than ClO2 generated with HCl or lactic acid. These results indicate there is a risk of survival and growth for S. Typhimurium and L. monocytogenes on papaya at commercial storage conditions. Aqueous ClO2 generated with malic acid shows effectiveness in inactivating the pathogenic bacteria on papaya.
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Escamilla-García, Monserrat, María Rodríguez-Hernández, Hilda Hernández-Hernández, et al. "Effect of an Edible Coating Based on Chitosan and Oxidized Starch on Shelf Life of Carica papaya L., and Its Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties." Coatings 8, no. 9 (2018): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8090318.
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Papaya production plays an important economic role in Mexico’s economy. After harvest, it continues to ripen, leading to softening, skin color changes, development of strong aroma, and microbial spoilage. The objective of this work was to apply an active coating of chitosan–starch to increase papaya shelf life and to evaluate physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of the coating. Papaya surfaces were coated with a chitosan-oxidized starch (1:3 w/w) solution and stored at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C) for 15 days. Variables measured were color, titratable acidity, vitamin C, pH, soluble solids, volatile compounds by gas chromatography, texture, homogeneity by image analysis, and coating antimicrobial activity. At the end of the storage time, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between coated and uncoated papayas for pH (4.3 ± 0.2), titratable acidity (0.12% ± 0.01% citric acid), and soluble solids (12 ± 0.2 °Bx). Papaya firmness decreased to 10 N for coated and 0.5 N for uncoated papayas. Volatile compounds identified in uncoated papaya (acetic acid, butyric acid, ethyl acetate, ethyl butanoate) are related to fermentation. Total microbial population of coated papaya decreased after 15 days, whereas population of uncoated papaya increased. This active coating permitted longer shelf life of papaya than that of the uncoated fruit.
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Zhang, Linyun, Chongxing Huang, and Hui Zhao. "Application of Pullulan and Chitosan Multilayer Coatings in Fresh Papayas." Coatings 9, no. 11 (2019): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9110745.
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In this work, some multilayer coatings (two-layer, four-layer or six-layer) based on pullulan and chitosan for protecting papayas were prepared by the layer-by-layer technique. The papayas were coated by immersion and stored at 25 °C, 50% relative humidity or up to 14 days. Uncoated and monolayer-coated papayas were used as controls. The pullulan/chitosan coatings decreased the papaya weight loss, softening, color change (b*, ΔE), and pH, retarded the fall of titratable acidity and vitamin C, and maintained respiratory rate and soluble solid contents. Sensory quality evaluation demonstrated that pullulan/chitosan coatings effectively preserved papaya flavor and overall acceptance. In general, the four-layer coatings provided the best fruit preservation. In conclusion, multilayer pullulan/chitosan coatings are efficient in maintaining the post-harvest quality and prolonging the shelf life of fresh papaya.
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García-Cámara, Isabel, Raúl Tapia-Tussell, Anuar Magaña-Álvarez, et al. "Empoasca papayae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)-Mediated Transmission of Papaya Meleira Virus-Mexican Variant in Mexico." Plant Disease 103, no. 8 (2019): 2015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-18-1101-re.
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Papaya meleira virus (PMeV) causes sticky disease in Carica papaya in Brazil and Mexico. Despite its economic importance and the need for effective phytosanitary control, it remains unknown whether any insect is the vector of this virus. The aim of this work was to identify potential insect vectors of the PMeV-Mexican variant (PMeV-Mx) and determine whether these potential vectors are capable of transmitting the virus. Adult insects were collected in papaya fields in the south-southeast region of Mexico and were identified morphologically and molecularly. Their abundance and frequency were determined, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to establish if they carried PMeV-Mx. The Cicadellidae family (Hemiptera) was the most diverse and abundant, and Empoasca papayae was the most abundant species and had the highest virus titers. PMeV-Mx transmission assays were conducted under controlled conditions using E. papayae on C. papaya ‘Maradol’. E. papayae was a carrier of PMeV-Mx at 6 h after exposure, and its viral titer increased with time, peaking at 2.125 pg/μl of PMeV-Mx RNA from 20 ng/µl of cDNA, 5 days after exposure (dae). From 14 days after plants were exposed to insects, PMeV-Mx was detected and quantified in 100% of the evaluated papaya plants, whose viral RNA titer increased from 0.06 (21 dae) to 26.6 pg/μl of PMeV-Mx RNA (60 dae) from 20 ng/µl of cDNA. Three months later, these plants developed sticky disease symptoms, demonstrating that E. papayae is capable of transmitting PMeV-Mx to C. papaya ‘Maradol’.
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Gardan, Louis, Richard Christen, Wafa Achouak, and Philippe Prior. "Erwinia papayae sp. nov., a pathogen of papaya (Carica papaya)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 1 (2004): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02718-0.
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Bacterial canker of papaya (Carica papaya) emerged during the 1980s in different islands of the Caribbean. Nineteen strains of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria isolated from papaya were compared to 38 reference and type strains of phytopathogenic Enterobacteriaceae and related bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the papaya strains belonged to the genus Erwinia. The DNA G+C content of strain CFBP 5189T, 52·5 mol%, is in the range of the genus Erwinia. The 19 papaya strains were all pathogenic to papaya and were differentiated clearly from type or reference strains of phytopathogenic enterobacteria and related bacteria by phenotypic tests. The papaya strains constituted a discrete DNA hybridization group, indicating that they belonged to a unique genomic species. Thus, strains pathogenic to papaya belong to a novel species for which the name Erwinia papayae sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain CFBP 5189T (=NCPPB 4294T).
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Zubaidah, Anis, Sri Samsundari, and Muhammad Abdul Qodir Jaelani. "EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L) UNTUK PENCEGAHAN Saprolegniasis PADA TELUR IKAN MAS PUNTEN (Cyprinus carpio)." Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesia 9, no. 2 (2021): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jari.v9i2.15492.
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Pappaya leaf (Carica papaya L) contains antifungal and antibacterial compounds which can be applied to prevent transmission of Saprolegnia sp infections that attack carp eggs (Cyprinus carpio). The method in this study used several treatments, namely treatment A (control), B (papaya leaf extract 0.75 mg / l), C (papaya leaf extract 1 mg / l), D (papaya leaf extract 1.25 mg / l) and treatment of E (papaya leaf extract 1.5 mg / l). The results showed that there were significantly different treatments for the addition of papaya leaf extract to the hatching rate of carp punten eggs, with treatment C (1 mg / l) being the best treatment in increasing the hatching rate of 89.5%. Furthermore, the addition of papaya leaf extract to the prevalence of Saprolegnia sp fungi showed that treatment C (1 mg / l) was the best treatment in suppressing the prevalence of saprolegnia sp fungi with a prevalence rate of only 10.5%. Then the addition of papaya leaf extract to the goldfish survival rate showed a significant difference between treatments, with treatment C (1 mg / l) being the best treatment in increasing the value of Punten Carp survival arte with a survival rate of 94.68%. Therefore from this study it can be seen that the safe dose in the use of papaya leaf extract is to use a dose of 1 mg / l to suppress the prevalence of saprolegnia sp fungi and increase the hatching rate and increase the survival rate of the Punten Goldfish. Keyword: Saprolegnia sp, Papaya Leaves, Punten Carp
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Pimentel, Rodrigo Meirelles de Azevedo, and Julio Marcos Melges Walder. "Gamma radiation in papaya harvested at three stages of maturation." Scientia Agricola 61, no. 2 (2004): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162004000200004.
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Papaya is a fragile, perishable fruit, highly accepted worldwide. To keep the quality of papaya from harvest to the consumers, conservation techniques are often used; among them is the application of gamma irradiation. The objective of this work was to evaluate gamma irradiation in papayas harvested at three degrees of maturation, in order to increase shelf life. Papayas were harvested in perfect quality conditions and selected by skin coloration into three distinct degrees of maturation: maturation 0, or beginning of yellow coloration; maturation 1, yellow stripes more developed, and maturation 2, one third yellow. Half of them were irradiated with 0.75 kGy, while the other half became control treatment. They were analyzed in four periods of conservation, which were 1 DAI (days after irradiation refrigerated at 11 ± 1°C), 14 DAI, 14 DAI + 3 DRT (room temperature at 24° ± 2°C) and 14 DAI + 6 DRT. The papaya maturation degree at harvest did not influence the radiation effect. Irradiation maintained firmness of papaya and, therefore, delayed ripening; modified the green color of papaya to a lighter, more intense tone, which determined more homogeneity in the development of the skin's yellow color (greater values of L* and croma). There was no effect of irradiation in papaya weight loss, occurrence of diseases, croma of flesh color, pH and total soluble solids contents.
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Asifa, Nadia Nur, Sri Tasminatun, and Sri Nabawiyati Nurul Makiyah. "POTENSI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) SEBAGAI AGEN ANTIINFLAMASI MELALUI DERAJAT PERADANGAN DUODENUM PADA MENCIT BALB/c." Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis 4, no. 2 (2018): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v4i2.2319.
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Carica papaya L. mengandung flavonoid. Flavonoid bermanfaat sebagai antiinflamasi. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengetahui derajat peradangan duodenum mencit BALB/c yang diinduksiOvalbumin setelah pemberian ekstrak etanol buah Carica papaya L. Penelitian eksperimental in vivodengan post-test only control group design menggunakan 30 mencit BALB/c jantan, ± 20gram, 8 minggudibagi dalam 6 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dan tigakelompok ekstrak C. papaya dosis 175, 350, dan 700mg/kgbb per hari. Kelompok perlakuan ekstraketanol buah C. papaya L. dan kontrol positif diberikan selama 28 hari, Ovalbumin diberikan pada harike-15 dan ke-22 secara intraperitoneal, dan hari ke-23 sampai dengan hari ke-28 peroral. Pada harike-29, mencit dikorbankan dan duodenum diambil untuk dibuat preparat histologi dengan teknikpewarnaan HE. Pengukuran derajat peradangan duodenum berdasarkan pengamatan infiltrasisel radang menurut Chang. Data dianalisis dengan one way ANOVA dilanjutkan uji Tukey test.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata derajat peradangan duodenum kelompok kontrol:2,48 ± 0,83; kontrol negatif: 3,46 ± 0,27; kontrol positif: 1,70 ± 0,20; ekstrak etanol buah C. papayaL. dosis 175mg/kgbb: 3,20 ± 0,36; dosis 350mg/kgbb: 1,56 ± 0,23; dan dosis 700mg/kgbb: 2,20 ±0,45. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol buah Carica papaya L. dosis 350mg/kgbb/haridan 700mg/kgbb/hari dapat menurunkan derajat peradangan duodenum mencit BALB/c yangdiinduksi Ovalbumin.
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Maurya, Neelesh Kumar, Poonam Maurya, Joginder Singh, and Anita Dubey. "The nutritional and medicinal benefits of Papaya (Carica papaya L.)." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 8, no. 1 (2023): 121–28. https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2023.8.1.15.
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Pollutants, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, cosmetics, flavourings, scents, industrial chemicals, environmental contaminants, food additives, and so on are just some examples of the many xenobiotics in our world. Many diseases can be traced back to these molecules, especially the free radicals that damage membranes. Nutritionists advocate for consuming various fruits due to their high nutrient content and health value. Papayas are among the most nutrient-dense tropical fruits. All portions of the papaya plant (Carica papaya L.), including the leaves, fruits, seeds, peels and roots are edible and useful. The pulp contains dietary fibre, antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E), mineral nutrients (potassium and magnesium) and B-complex vitamins (folate and pantothenic acid). The papaya plant contains numerous beneficial phytochemicals. These include phytosterols, tocopherols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and carotenoids. Among their many medical applications, these chemicals have been shown to have anti-carcinogenic effects and benefits, including the reduction of inflammation, blood sugar levels, infertility and blood pressure. The most effective dosage, mechanisms of action, and safety profile of these components still need to be confirmed. However, so more research is required. This review summarizes the various nutraceutical properties of C. papaya phytochemicals to aid researchers in further exploring the potential of C. papaya leaves, fruits, peels, and seeds as a functional food.
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Martin, Chris A., L. Brooke McDowell, Thomas E. Marler, and Jean C. Stutz. "246 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal (AMF) Colonization of Carica papaya `Waimanalo' Grown in Composted Landscape Yard Trimmings." HortScience 34, no. 3 (1999): 484E—484. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.484e.
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Seedlings of Carica papaya L. `Waimanalo' (papaya) were transplanted into 27-L containers filled with nonsterile composted landscape yard trimmings passed through a 1.3-cm screen. At transplanting, papaya plants were inoculated with either one of three different AMF communities or were not inoculated as control plants. Two of the AMF communities were from Arizona citrus orchards, and one AMF community was from an undisturbed western Chihuahuan Desert soil. After transplanting, papaya plants were grown for 4 months under well-watered conditions in a temperature-controlled (32 °C day/24 °C night) glasshouse (45% light exclusion). Control plants remained non-mycorrhizal. Total colonization of papaya roots by AMF communities ranged from 56% to 94%. Depending on mycorrhizal treatment, AMF arbuscules and internal hyphae were present in 30% to 60% and 20% to 24% of roots, respectively. Noticeably absent in papaya roots were AMF vesicles. Papaya height, trunk diameter, and leaf phosphorus concentration were similar for inoculated and control plants. Compared with control plants, papayas inoculated with AMF communities had about 20% less shoot dry weight and about 50% less root dry weight. Under nonlimiting conditions in an organic substrate, AMF communities did not stimulate papaya growth but rather appeared to function as a carbon sink.
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Shu, Chang, Marisa M. Wall, Peter A. Follett, Nobuko Sugimoto, Jinhe Bai, and Xiuxiu Sun. "Effect of Humidity-Triggered Controlled-Release 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on Postharvest Quality of Papaya Fruit." Horticulturae 9, no. 10 (2023): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9101062.
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Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a valuable economic crop that is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions but has a short storage and shelf life. Exploring effective strategies to improve the postharvest quality of papaya is important. This study explored the effect of humidity-triggered controlled-release 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) sheets on the postharvest quality of papaya fruit. ‘Rainbow’ papayas underwent cold storage at 10 ± 0.5 °C, RH 85% ± 2% for 14 days, and then were transferred to 20 ± 0.5 °C, RH 85% ± 2% for 10 days to simulate shelf life. The 1-MCP sheets were cut into different sizes and placed in storage containers in advance to create corresponding concentrations at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 ppm. Results showed that 1-MCP treatment inhibited fruit softening, and reduced weight loss and peel color deterioration without causing any physiological disorders. The 1.0–2.0 ppm 1-MCP-treated fruit received the highest score for papaya flavor and sweetness respectively and the lowest score for off-flavor. The humidity-triggered controlled-release 1-MCP sheets are effective and convenient, and they can serve as an important tool for regulating postharvest papaya ripening with economic benefits.
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Geetha, R. Nair, and S. Anagha. "Study of Biochemical and Phytochemical Variations in Carica papaya, Linn. During Storage." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURE RESEARCH 02, no. 04 (2023): 30–34. https://doi.org/10.55677/ijlsar/V02I04Y2023-02.
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ABSTRACT Papaya is a tropical fruit and is usually harvested prior to the onset of climacteric rise. The moisture content of Papaya is always higher than 70% throughout the season. The moisture content increases significantly with season. The phytochemical analysis of Papaya leaves contain carbohydrates, saponins, terpenoides, alkaloids, phenols, glycosides, cardiac glycosides and flavonoids. Temperature has a major role in the post harvested biochemical changes and the activity of polyphenol oxidase in Papaya. Flesh color development in nonstored fruits did not change significantly during the first six days of storage, and then rapidly increases. Unripe fruit stored for 5 days at above 27 ºC exhibits faster ripening rates. The optimal temperature for storing Papayas are found to be between 21.5 to 25 ºC. Biochemical changes in Papaya fruits at room temperature revealed that the level of phenolics and reducing sugars are gradually increases . But there is a gradual decrease in the protein content of the fruits. As the PPO quality deteriorating enzyme, the nutritional quality was assayed by estimating the activity of PPO. The enzyme was responsible for the browning of Papaya fruits. Post harvest storage of Papaya is a major problem for many farmers. High moisture content of papaya fruit may affect the contamination of disease spreading microbes and insect vectors. They may cause spoilage of soft tissues of Papaya. High temperature storage may cause the nutrient quality of fruit. Many enzymes and proteins degraded in extreme temperature condition.
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Masse, Diomande, Niaba Koffi Pierre Valery, Gnahe Dago Andre, and Beugre Grah Avit Maxwell. "Effects of Drying Temperature on the Physicochemical Characteristics and Functional Properties of Papaya Seeds (Carica papaya L.)." International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology 07, no. 03 (2023): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47001/irjiet/2023.703018.
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This study was conducted with the aim of valorising papaya seeds. To do this, papayas were purchased in order to extract the seeds, then these seeds were dried at different temperatures (50°C/72h; 75°C/48h and 105°C/24h) in the oven. The dried seeds were ground with a mixer to obtain a flour. The effect of temperature on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of this flour was determined. The results of the physicochemical parameters showed that the 50°C dried seeds had the best pH (67.6), fat (5%), protein (32%) and fibre (17.9%). On the other hand, the 100°C temperature recorded parameters such as dry matter (92.17%), carbohydrates (41.12%) and energy value (334.48Kcal). The best ash content was recorded at 75°C (7.80%). On the other hand, no significant difference was recorded for these three temperatures on the functional properties of the papaya seeds. Given the good physicochemical and functional characteristics of papaya seeds we can say that these seeds could be recommended to people suffering from obesity and digestive disorders.
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Manshardt, Richard M., and Timothy F. Wenslaff. "Interspecific Hybridization of Papaya with Other Carica Species." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114, no. 4 (1989): 689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.114.4.689.
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Abstract Interspecific hybridizations were attempted between papaya (Carica papaya L.) and six Carica taxa, including C. monoica Desf., C. parviflora (A. DC.) Solms, C. pubescens Lenne et Koch, C. quercifolia (St. Hil.) Hieron., stipulata Badillo, and C. × heilbornii Badillo nm. pentagona (Heilborn). Prezygotic barriers were minimal; pollen tubes of wild species freely penetrated into the seed cavity of papaya, and papaya pollen tubes were similarly unhindered in reciprocal pollinations on C. pubescens. Postzygotic barriers were formidable due to ovule abortion and endosperm failure. However, dissection of more than 150 C. papaya fruits 90 to 180 days after interspecific pollination yielded at least a few hybrid embryos of each species combination. All crosses in which C. papaya was the male parent failed, with the exception of C. pubescens × C. papaya, which succeeded only after young ovules were cultured 30 to 45 days after pollination. Multiple embryos were common in all successful crosses, and these were shown to be of zygotic origin by analyses of isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucomutase isozymes in parental and hybrid tissues. Hybrids successfully recovered from in vitro cultures included C. papaya × C. pubescens and reciprocal, C. papaya × C. quercifolia, and C. papaya × C. stipulata.
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Mehraj, Begum, and B. Anil. "Estimation of Polyphenol and Antioxidant Content from Papaya (Carica papaya) and Mango (Mangifera indica) Seed, Peel and Leaves." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 07, no. 08 (2024): 6460–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13322969.
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Abstract : Papaya (<em>Carica papaya</em>) and mango (<em>Mangifera indica</em>) are two tropical fruits which are widely known for their rich nutritional properties and various health benefits. Papaya belongs to family Caricaceae which has its origin in South Mexico. Mango belongs to the family Anacardiaceae and were originated from India and southern China. As the pulp of these fruits is known to be consumed rapidly while their seeds, peels and leaves are often thrown away as waste. This study involves the estimation of total polyphenol and anti-oxidant activity of the by-products of papaya and mango fruits. The anti-oxidant activity by DPPH method of % inhibition of papaya seed=180 peel=125 leaves=64 is higher compared to mango by-products. In FRAP, ABTS, Radical Cation method of mango samples shown higher levels than papaya. Vitamin c content of mango seeds exhibits high as 15.6mg/100g compared to papaya seed, papaya peel and leaves has higher levels of vitamin c compared to mango peel and leaves. The total polyphenol activity (GAE/g) of mango seed=118.4, peel=55.31, leaves=19.04 exhibits higher value compared to papaya. Papaya seed and peel has more beta carotene content compared to mango whereas mango leaves shown more beta carotene content than papaya. Seeds of papaya and mango has 2.05% and 2.15% pectin, mango peel has more pectin content than papaya 12.45%>8.94% and mango peel has shown slightly more pectin content than papaya as 4.25>3.58. Papaya peel have medium number of abundances of tannin content, seeds and leaves have less in number whereas mango have equal amounts of abundance of tannin content. This study mainly features the importance of the bioactive compounds found in the by-products (seed, peel, leaves) of papaya and mango and their health benefits.
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Martínez, Esther, Miguel Abud Archila, Yolanda Freile Pelegrín, María Celina Luján Hidalgo, Federico Antonia Gutiérrez Miceli, and Sandy Luz Ovando Chacón. "Recubrimientos a base de alginato de sodio extraído de Sargassum fluitans y nanopartículas de plata para prolongar la vida de anaquel de papaya (Carica papaya L.)." Biotecnia 24, no. 3 (2022): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v24i3.1739.
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La papaya es un fruto climatérico que tiene una vida en anaquel corta. Una opción para prolongar la vida útil de este fruto es el uso de recubrimientos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del recubrimiento a base de alginato extraído de Sargassum fluitans adicionado con nanopartículas de plata (NpAg) sobre la vida en anaquel de papaya (Carica papaya L. var. Maradol). Las NpAg se obtuvieron mediante síntesis verde. Las papayas, en grado de madurez 3, fueron recubiertas con tres soluciones: solución 1 (2.49 % alginato), solución 2 (2.49 % alginato y 1.1 mg NpAg/mL) y el grupo control (agua). Los frutos se pincelearon y se almacenaron 15 días a 25 °C y 75 % de humedad relativa. Los frutos recubiertos con las soluciones 1 y 2 mantuvieron valores óptimos de firmeza (6.9 y 6.6 MPa), sólidos solubles totales (11.1 y 11.06 °Brix) y contenido de ácido ascórbico (22.31 y 23.02 mg AA/g pulpa) durante 6 días más que el control. Los recubrimientos de alginato de sodio extraído de S. fluitans adicionado o no con NpAg retardaron la maduración de la papaya. Esta tecnología permite prolongar la vida en anaquel de la papaya a 25 °C sin utilizar refrigeración.
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Miranda, Abraham, Armando Alvis, and Guillermo Arrazola Paternina. "Efectos de dos recubrimientos sobre la calidad de la papaya (carica papaya) variedad tainung." Temas Agrarios 19, no. 1 (2016): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21897/rta.v19i1.721.
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Se comparó el efecto de la aplicación de recubrimientos, a base de almidón de yuca y uno comercial, en la conservación de la papaya (Carica papaya) variedad Tainung. El recubrimiento de almidón de yuca fue preparado a una concentración de 4% p/v; la concentración de la cera comercial se preparó diluyendo una parte de cera con una parte de agua a temperatura ambiente. Las papayas se almacenaron acostadas (pedúnculo paralelo a la superficie), a temperatura ambiente (22°C ± 2°C) y humedad relativa del 85%, por un periodo de 9 días. En el estudio del efecto del encerado en las papayas, solo hubo significancia estadística (P<0.05) sobre las variables: pH y firmeza; asimismo, la interacción entre los factores encerado y tiempo fue altamente significativo en las variables: pH, °Brix y firmeza. Además, en el efecto del tiempo sobre todas las variables observadas (pH, °Brix, acidez (%), pérdida de masa y firmeza) existió diferencia estadísticamente significativa (P<0.05). Finalmente, se concluyó que en ambos recubrimientos y el control no se presentaron diferencias significativas en la acidez, sólidos solubles y pérdida de masa; sin embargo, estos fueron diferentes al control en el comportamiento de la firmeza y textura.
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Oktavia, Nur, Tamrin Tamrin, Winda Rahmawati, and Sapto Kuncoro. "Mempelajari Pembuatan Tepung dari Buah Pepaya sebagai Bahan Baku Makanan." Jurnal Agricultural Biosystem Engineering 2, no. 3 (2023): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jabe.v2i3.8038.
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Papaya is one of the fruits that are liked in the community because of it has a sweet taste and rich in vitamin C. In Indonesia papaya is abundant and the price of it is relatively low so that papaya gets wasted easily. Therefore, it is necessary to process the product to extend the shelf life and increase the value-added papaya fruit. Papaya flour is a product of new innovations of flour from the fruit besides papaya flour is food processed products to increase the value-added agricultural produce. In this study used the temperature treatment and type of papaya, with successive research procedures namely taking papaya fruit, peeling, slicing, soaking, drying, grinding, and sieving. The results showed that the temperature of drying can affect the moisture content of papaya flour, color, aroma, and vitamin C. The best quality of papaya flour is at 70°c, which is 23 with the desired color and aroma, resulting in an average water content of 4.9678% and vitamin C content that tends to be higher with a value of 420, 0667 (mg/100g). Drying with papaya type treatment does not significantly affect the moisture content of flour, color, aroma and vitamin C content. Keywords: Aroma, Drying, Flour, Papaya, Vitamin C
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O'Brien, C. M., and R. A. Drew. "Potential for using Vasconcellea parviflora as a bridging species in intergeneric hybridisation between V. pubescens and Carica papaya." Australian Journal of Botany 57, no. 7 (2009): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt09111.
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There have been numerous attempts to transfer Papaya ringspot virus type P (PRSV-P) resistance from wild Vasconcellea relatives to Carica papaya L. Success has been limited by the high degree of genetic divergence and thus incompatibility between Vasconcellea spp. and C. papaya. In the present work, intergeneric hybrid populations of C. papaya × V. pubescens Lenne et Koch, C. papaya × V. parviflora A. DC. and interspecific populations of V. pubescens × V. parviflora were produced and evaluated for morphological characteristics and PRSV-P resistance. F2 and F3 populations were produced from the V. pubescens × V. parviflora F1 and PRSV-P resistant individuals with homozygous genotypes (RR) were selected with the aid of a co-dominant CAPS marker and backcrossed to V. parviflora or outcrossed to C. papaya. Leaf vein number (seven) from V. pubescens, flower colour (pink) from V. parviflora and petiole colour (red–green) and plant size from C. papaya were transferred as dominant traits in interspecific and intergeneric crosses. Other traits, e.g. flower shape and fruit size, were intermediate in hybrids. When the wild species or their hybrids were outcrossed to C. papaya, inheritance patterns did not always follow Mendelian ratios, suggesting abnormal pairing of chromosomes or preferential elimination of the Vasconcellea genes. For example, in crosses between C. papaya × V. pubescens, all flowers were female and in crosses between C. papaya × V. parviflora, the cream flower colour of C. papaya was dominant over the pink colour of V. parviflora. However, the PRSV-P resistance gene from V. pubescens was successfully backcrossed into V. parviflora from F2 hybrids, and in the F1 hybrids between C. papaya and V. parviflora, 45% pollen fertility was obtained thus V. parviflora is proposed as a potential bridging species between C. papaya and V. pubescens.
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Santillán Suarez, Edgar A. "EFECTO Y COMPARACIÓN DE DOS RECUBRIMIENTOS COMESTIBLES EN LA CALIDAD DE LA PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA)." Revista Científica Multidisciplinaria InvestiGo 2, no. 4 (2022): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.56519/rci.v2i4.31.
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En la presente investigación se pudo comparar bibliográficamente el efecto de la aplicación de recubrimientos, a base de almidón de yuca y otro comercial, en la prolongación de la vida útil de la papaya (Carica papaya) variedad Tainung. El recubrimiento de almidón de yuca fue elaborado a una concentración de 4 % p/v, por otro lado, la cera comercial se preparó diluyendo una parte de cera con una parte de agua a temperatura ambiente. Las papayas fueron almacenadas a una temperatura que oscila entre los 22°C a 24°C con una humedad relativa del 85 %, por un lapso de tiempo de 9 días. Los materiales y métodos se los realizo mediante una preparación de las muestras, una preparación de los recubrimientos, una aplicación de los recubrimientos, un almacenamiento, un análisis de las muestras y un diseño experimental con análisis estadísticos fundamentados con un arreglo factorial 3*4 con 5 repeticiones, un análisis de varianza con el software estadístico SAS versión 9.1.3 y una prueba de comparación múltiple con la ayuda del método Tukey. Los resultados obtenidos del efecto del encerado en las papayas, mostraron una diferencia significativa (P
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Koul, Bhupendra, Baveesh Pudhuvai, Chelsi Sharma, et al. "Carica papaya L.: A Tropical Fruit with Benefits beyond the Tropics." Diversity 14, no. 8 (2022): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14080683.
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Carica papaya L. (family: Caricaceae), also known as ‘papaya,’ is a tropical American fruit tree. Due to the bioactive components (carpaines, BITC, benzyl glucosinolates, latex, papain, zeaxanthin, choline, etc.) in its seeds, leaves, and fruits, it is revered for its excellent antioxidant, digestive, and nutraceutical benefits. Papayas are high in vitamins A, B, C, E, and K, folate, pantothenic acid, zeaxanthin, lycopene, lutein, magnesium, copper, calcium, and potassium. Being rich in fiber, antioxidants, and vitamin C, it lowers the cholesterol in the arteries; prevents arthritis; reduces aging, cancer, macular degradation, risk of cardiovascular diseases, and stress; increases platelet count; controls dengue fever; facilitates digestion, and lowers body weight. Papaya leaf extract, with many in vitro and case studies in combination therapies with modern medicine, especially for cancers and many other viral diseases, has been found to be an efficient cure. Humans have cultivated papaya cultivars for millions of years because of their significant commercial, medicinal, and agronomic value. Several reports have been published on the genetic modification of papaya for resistance to abiotic (herbicide, Al toxicity, etc.) and biotic stressors (PRSV, mites, Phytophthora, etc.), delaying ripening, and improving shelf life. However, most of these traits have not been introduced globally to all commercial papaya varieties. Unraveling the genetics of papaya has shed light on various domestication impacts, evolutionary patterns, and sex determination in fruit tree crops. It also serves as a potential step toward developing new cultivars to fight climate-oriented stress. Furthermore, extensive research on the stability of the ‘transgene’ across generations, and the ‘yield-penalty’ caused by the transgene, is required. Thus, meticulous crop improvement research on commercial papaya cultivars is necessary for long-term food and health security. This review article encompasses information on the traditional and modern medicinal uses, nutritional properties, phytochemistry, diseases and etiology, post-harvest measures, genomics, biotechnological strategies (for papaya improvement), and value-added products of papaya for food and health security.
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Musyimi, David M., Arum S. Filet, and George T. Opande. "Comparative Studies of Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity oc Carica papaya L. Extracts against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans." Archives of Ecotoxicology 2, no. 3 (2020): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ae.2020.2.3.35-42.
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Carica papaya extracts are known for their traditional medicinal uses. The ability of its parts to control thegrowth of common pathogens in the laboratory has been tested in different parts of the world usingdifferent varieties of C. papaya. This study was initiated to compare the phytochemical and antimicrobialactivity of different plant parts extracts of C. papaya var. papayi GAV4 on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcusaureus and Candida albicans. C. papaya plant parts were collected from a farm in Kiboswa (Kisumu):coordinates 0.0245°S and 34.7474°E, and then were transported to Maseno University Botany Laboratory.Seeds, green leaves and bark were washed thoroughly with tap water, rinsed in sterile water and dried afterwhich they were ground using a grinder. From each of the three plant parts, three types of extracts wereprepared using water, acetone and ethanol in the concentrations 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Theantimicrobial activity of the extracts was tested on microbes growing on agar plates by inoculation with thedifferent concentrations using diffusion method and replicated 3 times. Extracts were isolated using Soxhletapparatus and MIC determined by serial dilution, zone of inhibition was measured in millimeters. Meansfrom the measurements were separated and compared at significance level P = 0.05. Phytochemicalspresent included alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, glycosides, anthocyanins and terpenoidswhile anthraquinones were absent. Ethanol bark extract on C. albicans showed higher inhibition and therewere significant differences in inhibition among the plant parts and extracts used. In concentrations used,25% was significantly different from 50%, 75% and 100%. The results obtained in this study confirm thatC. papaya has antimicrobial activity on E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans; and has also shown high potentialsfor use as a potential source of antibiotics to treat diseases caused by these microorganisms.
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Setiawan, Riki, Mu'jijah Mu'jijah, and Suyamto Suyamto. "Potential of California Variety Papaya Leaf Extract (Carica papaya L. California variety) As Bioherbicide of Snake Grass Weed (Cyperus rotundus L.)." Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 13, no. 2 (2024): 549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.549-553.
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Efforts to increase production yields are by controlling weeds. Weeds that often grow and we encounter in cultivated plants are weed grass (C. rotundus). California papaya leaves have the potential to be a bioherbicide because they contain allelochemicals that can inhibit weed growth. This study aims to determine the effect of papaya leaves (C. papaya) on the growth of teki grass (C. rotundus) and determinetheconcentration level of papaya leaf allelopathy that most effectively inhibits the growth of teki grass.The method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications and four treatmentsof0%, 30%, 50%, and 70%. For data analysis in this study using the SPSS version 25.0 program. Papaya leaf extract (C. papaya) is able to inhibit the growth of weed grass (C. rotundus). The concentration of papaya leaf extract (C. papaya) that most effectively inhibits the growth of weed is 50% concentration with a mortality rate (64%), for the lowest plant heightis50% concentration which is 13.84 cm, for the slowestgrowthrate is 50% concentrationwith a growthrate of -0.16 cm.
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Eludoyin, Olatunde Sunday, and Onisoya Margaret Ogbe. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Pawpaw (Carica papaya Linn.) around Automobile Workshops in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria." Journal of Health and Pollution 7, no. 14 (2017): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-7.14.48.
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Background. Consumption of plants such as Carica papaya grown around automobile workshops is common in big cities in Nigeria. However, little is known about the heavy metals contamination of these consumables due to the influence of automobile emissions during maintenance activities. Objectives. This study aimed to assess heavy metal concentrations in C. papaya and supporting soils around automobile workshops in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods. Seven automobile workshops were used for the present study. First, 20 m × 20 m quadrats were laid out for soil and C. papaya tissue sampling. One composite soil sample was collected from the topsoil (0–15 cm depth) around each of the automobile workshops. Three C. papaya stands at least 30 cm apart around each workshop were used for the study and from these stands, tissues (root, stem, leaf, fruit) of C. papaya were collected. Standard laboratory techniques were used to determine the pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and heavy metals (lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)) in the soil samples and C. papaya tissues. Pairwise t-test was used to determine significant differences (p&lt;0.05) in the heavy metal concentrations in soil and C. papaya tissues between the sample and control sites, while correlation statistics were used to determine the relationship of heavy metal concentrations between soil and C. papaya tissues. Results. C. papaya tissues and supporting soil had significantly higher levels of pH, EC and heavy metals in the sampled plots than the control plot. The heavy metal concentrations in C. papaya and soil occurred in the decreasing order of Pb&gt;Cu&gt;Hg&gt;Zn&gt;Cd. The fruit of C. papaya had the highest mean concentrations of Pb (51.4±14.1 mg/kg) and Zn (26.4±1.9 mg/kg), while the leaf had the highest mean concentration of Hg (32.0±2.3 mg/kg). The pH, Cu and Zn in the supporting soil were significantly correlated with the levels in the C. papaya tissues. Conclusion. Bio-accumulation of heavy metals by C. papaya is evident around automobile workshops, and Pb, Hg, Cd concentrations were found to be above the permissible limits for human consumption according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Consumption of food materials grown around automobile workshops could pose health risks. Competing interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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AHMAD, R., R. WALEED, and MZ HAIDER. "AN OVERVIEW FOR PHYTOCHEMICAL ACTIVITIES OF CARICA PAPAYA FRUIT." Journal of Physical, Biomedical and Biological Sciences 2024, no. 1 (2024): 34. https://doi.org/10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.34.
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Papaya, scientifically known as Carica papaya or Carica Papaya Linn is the only edible member of the Caricaceae family. Papaya is a large herbaceous plant exploited for its biological activities. Papaya's wide range of uses and activities are attributed to its abundance of enzymes, minerals, nutrients, and phyto-constituents. Its applications range from adding it to one's diet regularly to treating minor illnesses and even serious conditions like cancer. All of the papaya plant's parts; bark, flowers, fruit, latex, leaves, peel, roots, seeds, and stem have therapeutic and medical uses. The use of papaya as a food and traditional medicine is as old as mankind. Presently, to overcome antibiotic-resistant microbes, C. papaya is a natural source with far more advantages. C. papaya plant is used in commercial, industrial, medicinal, and therapeutic applications owing mainly to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-microbial properties. This review aims to provide a concise review of the applications of C. papaya.
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Nishijima, Kate A., Marisa M. Wall, Maureen M. Fitch, Lionel S. Sugiyama, Ronald C. Keith, and Wayne T. Nishijima. "Evaluating Hawaii-grown Papaya for Resistance to Internal Yellowing Disease Caused by Enterobacter cloacae." HortScience 45, no. 9 (2010): 1357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.9.1357.
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Papaya (Carica papaya L.) cultivars and breeding lines were evaluated for resistance to Enterobacter cloacae (Jordan) Hormaeche & Edwards, the bacterial causal agent of internal yellowing disease (IY), using a range of concentrations of the bacterium. Linear regression analysis was performed and IY incidence was positively correlated with increasing inoculum concentrations for susceptible cultivars Kapoho Solo and Laie Gold but not for resistant cultivars or lines. It was determined that the inoculum concentration of 9 to 10 Log10 colony-forming units per milliliter (cfu/mL) was able to reliably differentiate resistant and susceptible papaya germplasm. Red-fleshed cultivars SunUp and Sunrise were the most resistant papaya groups evaluated at this dose concentration. Yellow-fleshed cultivars, Kapoho Solo and Laie Gold, were susceptible to E. cloacae. ‘Rainbow’, an F1 hybrid between ‘SunUp’ and ‘Kapoho Solo’ that is yellow-fleshed, was moderately resistant to E. cloacae, exhibiting limited symptoms of the disease. Yellow-fleshed I-Rb F5/F6, an advanced inbred line derived from ‘Rainbow’, is resistant and offers the potential of improving resistance of yellow-fleshed commercial cultivars. A colorimeter was used to objectively measure internal flesh color and distinguish between infected and non-infected tissue in red- and yellow-fleshed papayas using L*C*H* color space analysis. Symptomatic tissue (72.4 and 79.0°) had higher hue angle means than non-symptomatic tissue (62.8 and 75.0°) for all cultivars or lines in red- and yellow-fleshed papayas, respectively. Yellow (“Y”) hue color also distinguished infected tissue from non-infected tissue. Symptomatic tissue that had Y hue color resulted in 79 to 81° hue angle means among red- or yellow-fleshed papayas. Our results demonstrated the usefulness of colorimetry to help detect infected papaya tissue. In surveys of naturally infected papaya, high populations (8.57 × 107 cfu/g) of E. cloacae were recovered in infected fruit of ‘Kapoho Solo’ and represent a food safety concern for fresh and processed papaya. In isolations from inoculated fruits, we observed decreases of ≈1 to 2 Log10 cfu/g in final bacterial populations when high-dose range inoculum concentrations (9 to 12 Log10 cfu/mL) were used. This dose range may represent a saturation range for E. cloacae inoculation.
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Hariance, Rika, Nur Annisa, and Cipta Budiman. "KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL AGROINDUSTRI OLAHAN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) DI NAGARI BATU KALANG KECAMATAN PADANG SAGO KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN." Agrifo : Jurnal Agribisnis Universitas Malikussaleh 3, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/ag.v3i1.670.
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This study aims to describe the existing papaya processing in Nagari Batu Kalang and know the financial feasibility of papaya processing in Nagari Batu Kalang. This research was conducted due to Nagari Batu Kalang District Padang Sago Subdistrict Padang Pariaman Regency is one of the areas whose irrigation channel is severely damaged cause the impact of the earthquake of West Sumatera in 2009. The rice farmers in this area switched to cultivate papaya plants and there is a processing papaya into various products. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The data was analyzed by descriptive analysis and financial feasibility analysis by calculating R / C Ratio and B / C Ratio. The results showed Nagari Batu Kalang has 3 types of papaya processing into an agroindustry which produces sauce, dodol, and stick snack. The processing of the three types of products are almost same, and from 3 types of papaya product, the most feasible financially to be developed is processed sauce papaya with R / C Ratio of 2.760 and B / C Ratio of 1.760. Because the value of R / C Ratio and B / C Ratio owned is greater than 1.
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Chang, L. S., Y. S. Lee, H. J. Su, and T. H. Hung. "First Report of Papaya leaf curl virus Infecting Papaya Plants in Taiwan." Plant Disease 87, no. 2 (2003): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.2.204a.
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Papaya leaf curl disease was first reported in India in 1939 (1). Caused by begomovirus, Papaya leaf curl virus (PaLCV) (2), this disease was discovered in the papaya orchards of southern Taiwan in 2002. Infected papaya developed symptoms such as downward curling of leaves, twisted petioles, vein enation, and stunting. Diseased plants produced small and distorted fruits that tend to fall prematurely. Typical twin virion was observed in the diseased papaya cells by electron microscopy. In addition, our whitefly-transmission test demonstrated that the sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) could transmit this virus. For further molecular identification, two opposing primers were selected for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of PaLCV from the published nucleotide sequences of PaLCV (Genbank Accession No. NC004147) (3). The primer pair, composed of the forward primer 5′ -GCT AGA AAT TAT GTC GAA GCG-3′ and the reverse primer 5′-TCA ACT ACA ACC TGA GGA AAG C-3′, was designed to amplify a PaLCV-specific 1,031-bp fragment containing 774 bp of the coat protein gene open reading frame (CP-ORF) using PCR. Five diseased papaya samples with typical leaf-curl symptoms tested positive in the PCR-based assay with this specific primer pair, whereas five healthy papaya samples tested negative. However, the sequencing results of the PCR product from five PaLCV-infected papayas indicated the CP-ORF of PaLCV in Taiwan (PaLCV-Tw) was somewhat different from PaLCV in India (PaLCV-Id). The DNA sequences (Genbank Accession No. AY183472) of CP-ORF of PaLCV-Tw were 80% identical to those of PaLCV-Id, and their translated amino acid sequences were 77% identical. This indicates that PaLCV-Tw and PaLCV-Id are two different species or strains. References: (1) K. M. Thomas and C. S. Krishnaswamy. Curr. Sci. 8:316,1939. (2) S. Saxena et al. Plant Dis. 82:126, 1998. (3) S. Saxena et al. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 45:101, 1998.
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Lestari, Rini, and Sri Darmayanti. "Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Vitamin C in Papaya by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Method." JPK : Jurnal Proteksi Kesehatan 10, no. 1 (2021): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36929/jpk.v10i1.361.
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Vitamin C is an antioxidant compound that can prevent oxidation processes in the body. Vitamin C is naturally found in fruits and vegetables, one of which is papaya. This study aims to identify and determine the levels of vitamin C in papaya arum fruit variants in Bogor, California, and Bangkok. This study uses a descriptive qualitative and quantitative test method with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The maximum wavelength for comparison of vitamin C is 264.6 nm. The r value obtained is 0.9956 with a linear regression equation Y = 0.0541X + 0.0791. In this study, the maximum wavelength of vitamin C in Bogor arum papaya was 264.4 nm with a concentration of 123.8 mg/100 g, California papaya 263.4 nm with a concentration of 106.6 mg/100 g, Bangkok papaya 261.2 nm. with levels of 85.2 mg/100 g. The three papaya samples contained vitamin C, marked by the maximum wavelength value in the sample being almost the same as the maximum wavelength value for the comparison standard of vitamin C.
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Sumangkut, Fisty, Nurhaeni, Ni Ketut Sumarni, and Erwin Abdul Rahim. "PENGARUH SUHU INKUBASI TERHADAP AKTIVITAS LIPASE DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L) YANG DIAMOBILISASI DALAM PASIR LAUT." KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia 5, no. 2 (2019): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2019.v5.i2.10242.
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The silica content in sea sand can be used to immobilize lipase from papaya leaf. Research on the influence of incubation temperature on sea sand immobilized lipase from papaya leaf (Carica papaya L) has been carried out. The aim of research is determining the influence of incubation temperature on sea sand immobilized lipase from papaya leaf (Carica papaya L). The method used in this study was a completely randomized design with temperature at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70°C. The results show that lipase from papaya leaf (Carica papaya L) had successfully immobilized in the sea sand and the optimum temperature stability of lipase immobilized in sea sand at 50°C with an activity is 53.000 µmol/g.jam
 Keywords : immobilized, lipase, papaya leaf, sea sand.
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Ana Medawati, Ika Andriani, Atiek Driana Rahmawati, and Nanik Hidayati. "The Activity of Active Compounds of Papaya Leaf (Carica Papaya L.) in Inhibiting the Growth of Fungus Candida Albicans in the Oral Cavity." Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research 2, no. 7 (2023): 1717–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v2i7.5306.
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Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated candida species from the oral cavity. The overgrowth of C. albicans can cause opportunistic infections in the oral cavity, called oral candidiasis. On the other hand, papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) have benefits and are efficacious as antifungal drugs. The results of various studies reveal that papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) contain various active compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins, which can inhibit the growth of C. albicans fungus. This literature review, therefore, aims to ascertain the activity of active compounds in papaya leaves in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans in the oral cavity
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Victor, Davy Moussango, Ebong Priscille, Voundi Steve, et al. "<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in situ</i> Activity of <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> Essential Oil Against <i>Alternaria alternata</i> and <i>Phomopsis carica-papayae</i>, Causal Agents of Papaya Leaf Diseases." Journal of Plant Sciences 12, no. 2 (2024): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20241202.11.
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Papaya cultivation is considered to be one of the most important fruit-growing activities in Cameroon, and plays a vital role in improving the livelihoods of local producers. However, leaf diseases caused by devastating fungi are a real obstacle to the development of this crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal potential of &lt;i&gt;Cymbopogon citratus&lt;/i&gt; essential oil against &lt;i&gt;Alternaria alternata&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Phomopsis carica-papayae&lt;/i&gt;, fungal agents associated with the deterioration of papaya leaves in the Moungo region of Cameroon. The essential oil of fresh &lt;i&gt;C. citratus&lt;/i&gt; leaves was extracted by hydrodistillation. Analysis of the chemical composition by GC then GC/MS revealed Geranial (45.24%), Neral (35.57%) and Myrcene (7.21%) as the majority compounds. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; antifungal tests on mycelial growth by incorporation into agar gave MICs of 900 ppm and 700 ppm against &lt;i&gt;A. alternata&lt;/i&gt; and P&lt;i&gt;. carica-papayae &lt;/i&gt;respectively. The MIC of 700 ppm proved fungicidal on &lt;i&gt;P. carica papayae&lt;/i&gt;, while for &lt;i&gt;A. alternata&lt;/i&gt; the fungicidal effect was obtained at a concentration of 900 ppm. &lt;i&gt;In situ&lt;/i&gt;, the essential oil proved significantly active in inhibiting necrosis caused by the conidial complex of the two pathogens on papaya leaves, with a percentage inhibition of 85.93% at a concentration of 6000 ppm. &lt;i&gt;C. citratus&lt;/i&gt; EO could therefore be used as an alternative to chemical fungicides in the fight against papaya leaf disease pathogens.
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Anggraini, Deni. "Efektifitas Krim Papain Kasar Getah Buah Pepaya (Carica Papaya.L) yang Diolah Dengan Metode Freeze Drying Terhadap Penyembuhan Penebalan Kulit (Callus)." Pharmauho: Jurnal Farmasi, Sains, dan Kesehatan 6, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/pharmauho.v6i1.10407.
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Telah dilakukan penelitian uji efektivitas krim papain kasar getah buah papaya (Carica papaya L) yang diolah dengan metode freeze drying terhadap penyembuhan penebalan kulit (Callus). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas proteolitik dari papain kasar dalam penyembuhan Callus yang diolah dengan metode freeze drying. Formula dibuat dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi papain kasar getah buah papaya (Carica papaya L) 10%, 15%, dan 20% dengan pemilihan tipe krim A/M. Evaluasi sediaan krim yang dilakukan meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, stabilitas suhu, daya tercuci krim, daya menyebar dan uji iritasi kulit. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh papain kasar getah buah papaya (Carica papaya L) dapat diformulasi dalam bentuk krim untuk penyembuhan penebalan kulit (Callus). Hasil pengurangan diameter Callus pada konsentrasi 10% yaitu A 0,65 cm, B 0,65 cm, C 0,35 cm, konsentrasi 15% yaitu A 0,4 cm, B 0,6 cm, C 0,6 cm, dan konsentrasi 20% yaitu A 1,25 cm, B 0,5 cm, C 0,7 cm. Krim papain kasar getah buah papaya (Carica papaya L) konsentrasi 20% dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif krim asam salisilat 20% belum memberikan efektivitas cukup baik.
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Sukarjati, Sukarjati, and Ganda Adi Nugroho. "Potensi Ekstrak Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina), Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L) Serta Kombinasi Kedua Ekstrak Terhadap Jumlah Folikel Primer, Sekunder dan Tersier Pada Mencit (Mus musculus)." Wahana 73, no. 2 (2021): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/wahana.v73i2.4513.
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African leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) and papaya leaf (Carica papaya L) are plants that contain secondary metabolites and are thought to have antifertility effects. V amygdalina and C papaya L leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. The purpose of this study was to prove that V amygdalina leaf extract, C papaya L leaf and the combination of the two extracts could reduce the number of primary, secondary and tertiary follicles. This study used 44 female mice. Extraction was carried out by maceration . The doses of V amygdalina leaf extract and C papaya L leaf extract used were 150 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg. kg BW, 250 mg/kg BW and the combined doses of V amygdalina leaf extract and C papaya leaf were 75:75 mg/kg BW, 100:100 mg/kg BW, and 125:125 mg/kg BW. The positive control used KB Andalan with a dose of 0.000078 mg. Ovarian histology was made according to laboratory standards Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA tand LSD test. The results showed that the administration of V amygdalina leaf extract, C papaya leaf, and their combination significantly affected the decrease in the number of primary follicles (P= 0.03), secondary follicles (P=0.032) and tertiary follicles (P=0.033). The combination extract of V amygdalina leaf and C papaya leaf at a dose of 125:125 mg/kg BW has the most potential as a natural contraceptive ingredient.
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Odeyemi, E. F., O. Y. Alabi, O. O. Olaoluwa, H. Kpongbe, S. T. Badmo, and M. Tamo. "Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of volatile oils of<i>Allium cepa</i> bulb and <i>Carica papaya</i> leaf against <i>Balanogastris kolae</i> infestation on stored Kolanuts." Ife Journal of Science 26, no. 2 (2024): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v26i2.13.
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This study investigated the phytochemicals present in the hexane extracts of red Allium cepa bulbs and Carica papaya leaves and the insecticidal activity of their essential oils against Balanogastris kolae. Saponins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, phenols, and cardiac glycosides were found in the hexane extracts of A. cepa bulbs and C. papaya leaves. The GC-MS analysis of these essential oils showed that the most abundant compounds in A. cepa oil were the aromatic compounds, which was about 32% of the whole constituents, followed by about 26% organosulfur compounds. In the C. papaya leaf oil, β-Bisabolene (9.3201%), Linalool (2.0773%) and Limonene (1.6953 %) were prominent. The contact toxicity assay showed that the insecticidal activity of essential oil of C. papaya leaf were stronger than that of A. cepa bulb at lower concentrations because after 24 hours of exposure to treatments, percentage mortality of B. kolae was higher in C. papaya, ranging from 65.27 (5% concentration) to 87.50 (15% concentration) compared to that of A. cepa which ranged from 8.06 (10% concentration) to 73.31 (20% concentration). Both A. cepa and C. papaya oil have no fumigant property as there was no statistical difference in percentage mortality across all the treatments. Conclusion: C. papaya leaf and A. cepa bulb essential oils can be used as a bio-insecticide (contact toxicity) against B. kolae, as they compared favourably with synthetic insecticide, 2, 2 - Dimethyl dichloro vinyl phosphate (DDVP). This is the first report on the use of the essential oils of A. cepa bulbs and C. papaya leaf against Balanogastris kolae.
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Roy, Jeane Rebecca, Coimbatore Sadagopan Janaki, Selvaraj Jayaraman, et al. "Carica papaya Reduces Muscle Insulin Resistance via IR/GLUT4 Mediated Signaling Mechanisms in High Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Type-2 Diabetic Rats." Antioxidants 11, no. 10 (2022): 2081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11102081.
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In the management of type 2 diabetes, oral antidiabetic drugs have several side effects, which in turn have led the pharmaceutical industry to search for good therapeutic, non-toxic and reliable drugs. Carica papaya (C. papaya) is one of several plants in nature that have been found to possess anti-diabetic properties. Despite studies being focused on the antidiabetic activity of C. papaya, the molecular mechanism against high fat diet induced insulin resistance is yet to be identified. The role of C. papaya was evaluated on insulin signaling molecules, such as the insulin receptor (IR) and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) in high fat, diet-streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats, and analyzed the bioactive compounds of C. papaya against IR and GLUT4 via molecular docking and dynamics. The ethanolic extract of C. papaya leaves (600 mg/kg of body weight) was given daily to male wistar rats for 45 days and we observed the various biochemical parameters, gene expression analysis and histopathology of skeletal muscle. Molecular docking and dynamics were undertaken to understand the bioactive compounds with the greatest hit rate. C. papaya treatment was able to control blood glucose levels, the lipid profile and serum insulin, but it facilitated tissue antioxidant enzymes and IR and GLUT4 levels. The in-silico study showed that kaempferol, quercitin and transferulic acid were the top three ligands with the greatest hit rate against the protein targets. Our preliminary findings, for the first time, showed that C. papaya reinstates the glycemic effect in the diabetic skeletal muscle by accelerating the expression of IR and GLUT4.
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Aroh, A. O., K. I. Omoniyi, and F. R. Mohammed. "DETERMINATION OF VITAMIN C AND MINERAL CONTENT OF TWO LOCAL SPECIES OF Carica papaya (SAMBA AND HORTUS GOLD PAPAYA) AT VARIOUS STAGES OF RIPENING." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 7, no. 1 (2023): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0701-2051.
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Papaya (Carica papaya Linn) is a popular fruit grown in the tropical and subtropical parts of the world, also known as "pawpaw". The fruit is consumed when ripe and also processed. The many benefits of papaya are owed due to the high content of Vitamin A, B and C, and minerals. This study aimed at determining the concentration of vitamin C in two species of the fruits as a function of the ripening periods, using the redox titration method indicated that the concentration of vitamin C decreased from 98 mg/kg to 70 mg/kg in Samba papaya and from 96 mg/kg to 68 mg/kg in the Hortus gold papaya with ripening period. Samba papaya is recommended for vitamin C enhancement at the early ripening stage. Calcium, magnesium and potassium concentrations determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry decreased in concentration with storage day. Domestic and industry supply of vitamin C and essential minerals is key to health need to be obtained from fruits at the optimum stage.
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Vyas, Suhas J., Taslim T. Khatri, Vijay R. Ram, Pragnesh N. Dave, and Hitendra S. Joshi. "Biochemical Constituents in Leaf of Carica papaya - Ethnomedicinal Plant of Kachchh Region." International Letters of Natural Sciences 12 (March 2014): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.12.16.
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Carica papaya Linn. is one of the valuable plant used for various purposes in medicinal field. Leaves, fruit and seeds of the C. papaya are used as ethnomedicine. This work describes biochemical constituents of leaves of C. papaya. Fresh leaves samples of the plant were collected during the month of January, 2013 from different parts of Bhuj in Kachchh district (Gujarat), India. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the biochemical composition in leaves of C. papaya growing in the semi-arid region of Gujarat and based on the result to justify its importance in various treatments of diseases. The dried leaves were further analyzed for biochemical constituents like Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Clˉ and Li+. The results indicated that the leaf extract of C. papaya has high potentiality for curing number of diseases.
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Vyas, Suhas J., Taslim T. Khatri, Vijay R. Ram, Pragnesh N. Dave, and Hitendra S. Joshi. "Biochemical Constituents in Leaf of <i>Carica papaya</i> - Ethnomedicinal Plant of Kachchh Region." International Letters of Natural Sciences 12 (March 14, 2014): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-6816o9.
Full textAbstract:
Carica papaya Linn. is one of the valuable plant used for various purposes in medicinal field. Leaves, fruit and seeds of the C. papaya are used as ethnomedicine. This work describes biochemical constituents of leaves of C. papaya. Fresh leaves samples of the plant were collected during the month of January, 2013 from different parts of Bhuj in Kachchh district (Gujarat), India. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the biochemical composition in leaves of C. papaya growing in the semi-arid region of Gujarat and based on the result to justify its importance in various treatments of diseases. The dried leaves were further analyzed for biochemical constituents like Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Clˉ and Li+. The results indicated that the leaf extract of C. papaya has high potentiality for curing number of diseases.
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Hanif, Aliya, Muhammad Azam, Muhammad Asif, et al. "Prestorage hot water treatments retard papaya fruit deterioration and enhanced fruit quality in cold storage." Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 36 (October 31, 2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.125334.
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Papaya (Carica papaya) fruit has a short shelf life and suffers significant postharvest losses due to climacteric, instant ripening and perishable nature. Pre-storage hot water treatment (HWT) has significant potential to delay decay incidence in horticultural commodities. The present study was designed to evaluate effectiveness of HWT on &lsquo;Red lady&rsquo; papaya fruit for minimizing the fruit decay and maintaining the quality during storage. Physiologically mature unripe &lsquo;Red lady&rsquo; papaya fruit harvested from a commercial papaya orchard. Selected fruits were treated at three different hot water temperatures (50 &deg;C, 52 &deg;C and 54 &deg;C) along with a control (room temp) for 10 minutes thereafter stored at 12 &deg;C and 85&ndash;90% RH for four weeks. Different sensory evaluation, fruit quality scales and enzymatic activities were observed at weekly intervals. Fruit stored after 54 &deg;C HWT showed lower weight loss (4.63%), decay incidence (5.1%) and higher fruit firmness (12.92 N) relative to control. Fruit treated at 52 &deg;C HWT improved the fruit acidity, but total soluble solids decreased than control. The results revealed that ascorbic acid (33.33 mg/100 g), total phenolic contents (35 mg/g FW) total antioxidants (47.50% DPPH inhibition), and antioxidative enzyme activities were improved by 52 &deg;C HWT. It is concluded that pre storage papaya fruit treatment (HWT @ 52 &deg;C) preserves the quality of fruit throughout storage on the other hand at 54 &deg;C HWT helps in decreased fruit decaying. It can be summarized that papaya fruit can be treated with hot water in the range of 52&ndash;54 &deg;C to support the fruit shelf life and suppress fruit decay along with maintaining fruit quality. Practical applications: Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a climacteric fruit which is highly susceptible to fungal attacks after harvest. Due to its perishable nature, it becomes decayed and huge amount of highly nutritious and medicinally important fruit is wasted. Recently people are more concerned about food safety which limits the use of fungicides for controlling the fruit decay in papaya. However, heat treatment has tremendous potential to control microbial decay, and keep food commodities safe from hazardous chemicals. In this study, the hot water treatment has successfully suppressed the fruit decay and maintained fruit quality of papaya in the course of entire period of cold storage. These findings indicated that use of hot water treatment is a practical approach for increasing the shelf life of papaya fruit.
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Hanif, Aliya, Muhammad Azam, Muhammad Asif, et al. "Prestorage hot water treatments retard papaya fruit deterioration and enhanced fruit quality in cold storage." Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 36 (October 31, 2024): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.125334.
Full textAbstract:
Papaya (<em>Carica papaya</em>) fruit has a short shelf life and suffers significant postharvest losses due to climacteric, instant ripening and perishable nature. Pre-storage hot water treatment (HWT) has significant potential to delay decay incidence in horticultural commodities. The present study was designed to evaluate effectiveness of HWT on ‘Red lady’ papaya fruit for minimizing the fruit decay and maintaining the quality during storage. Physiologically mature unripe ‘Red lady’ papaya fruit harvested from a commercial papaya orchard. Selected fruits were treated at three different hot water temperatures (50 °C, 52 °C and 54 °C) along with a control (room temp) for 10 minutes thereafter stored at 12 °C and 85–90% RH for four weeks. Different sensory evaluation, fruit quality scales and enzymatic activities were observed at weekly intervals. Fruit stored after 54 °C HWT showed lower weight loss (4.63%), decay incidence (5.1%) and higher fruit firmness (12.92 N) relative to control. Fruit treated at 52 °C HWT improved the fruit acidity, but total soluble solids decreased than control. The results revealed that ascorbic acid (33.33 mg/100 g), total phenolic contents (35 mg/g FW) total antioxidants (47.50% DPPH inhibition), and antioxidative enzyme activities were improved by 52 °C HWT. It is concluded that pre storage papaya fruit treatment (HWT @ 52 °C) preserves the quality of fruit throughout storage on the other hand at 54 °C HWT helps in decreased fruit decaying. It can be summarized that papaya fruit can be treated with hot water in the range of 52–54 °C to support the fruit shelf life and suppress fruit decay along with maintaining fruit quality.Practical applications: Papaya (<em>Carica papaya</em> L.) is a climacteric fruit which is highly susceptible to fungal attacks after harvest. Due to its perishable nature, it becomes decayed and huge amount of highly nutritious and medicinally important fruit is wasted. Recently people are more concerned about food safety which limits the use of fungicides for controlling the fruit decay in papaya. However, heat treatment has tremendous potential to control microbial decay, and keep food commodities safe from hazardous chemicals. In this study, the hot water treatment has successfully suppressed the fruit decay and maintained fruit quality of papaya in the course of entire period of cold storage. These findings indicated that use of hot water treatment is a practical approach for increasing the shelf life of papaya fruit.
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Maringgal, Bernard, Norhashila Hashim, Intan Syafinaz Mohamed Amin Tawakkal, Mahmud Tengku Muda Mohamed, Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah, and Maimunah Mohd Ali. "Effect of Kelulut Honey Nanoparticles Coating on the Changes of Respiration Rate, Ascorbic Acid, and Total Phenolic Content of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) during Cold Storage." Foods 10, no. 2 (2021): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020432.
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This study evaluated the respiration rate of coated and uncoated (control) papayas (Carica papaya L.) with 15% of Kelulut honey (KH) nanoparticles (Nps) coating solution during cold storage at 12 ± 1 °C for 21 days. The respiration rate of the papayas significantly changed during storage, with an increase in CO2 and a decrease in O2 and C2H4, while the ascorbic acid and total phenolic content was maintained. The changes in respiration rate were rather slower for coated papayas when compared to control ones. A kinetic model was established from the experimental data to describe the changes of O2, CO2, and C2H4 production in papayas throughout the storage period. All O2, CO2, and C2H4 were experimentally retrieved from a closed system method and then represented by the Peleg model. The outcomes indicated the Peleg constant K1 and K2, which were gained from linear regression analysis and coefficients of determination (R2), seemed to fit well with the experimental data, whereby the R2 values exceeded 0.85 for both coated and control papayas. The model confirmed both the capability and predictability aspects of the respiration rate displayed by papayas coated with KH Nps throughout the cold storage period. This is supported by the differences in the stomatal aperture of coated and control papaya shown by microstructural images.
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K, Trisnawaty, Anin Esta Rauna, Siti Rusdiana Puspa Dewi, and Pudji Handayani. "In vitro study of antifungal effect of carica papaya peel var. California extract against Candida albicans." Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan : Publikasi Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya 8, no. 1 (2021): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/v8i1.10406.
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Candida albicans is a normal microflora in the oral cavity which can be an opportunistic pathogen that could cause oral candidiasis when there are underlying predisposing conditions. Papaya as one of the most widely grown herbal plants in Indonesia has been known to cure diseases. Unused papaya peel only became a waste; however, the papaya peel is known to contain active compounds that have antifungal effect, especially raw ones. This study aimed to determine the antifungal effect of raw papaya peel extract of Californian variety and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this extract on clinical isolates of C. albicans. This study was an experimental laboratory study with post-test only control group design. Ethanol-based extract of papaya peel was obtained from maceration process using 96% ethanol. Antifungal effect testing was carried out in vitro using disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) on clinical isolates of C. albicans. The concentration of Ethanol extract of papaya peel used consisted of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% with positive control (nystatin) and negative control (distilled water). The results showed that 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% papaya peel extracts were able to inhibit the growth of C. albicans with 2.5% concentration of raw papaya peel extract as minimum inhibitory concentration. Ethanol extract of raw papaya peel of Californian variety with 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations has small antifungal effect against clinical isolates of C. albicans.
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Purwanto, Didik, Anton Yuntarso, and Christina Destri Wiwis Wijayanti. "ANALISA BAKTERI TOTAL PADA BUAH PEPAYA (Carica Papaya L.) YANG DI STERIL MENGGUNAKAN METODE AUTOCLAVE." Jurnal SainHealth 5, no. 1 (2021): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51804/jsh.v5i1.901.25-29.
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Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a plant that can be used as traditional medicine. All part of a papaya from the roots to the tips of the leaves have high medical value. The disadvantages of papaya is that if the ripe papaya fruit does not last long and rots easily. Total Plate Number is a number that shows the number of mesophyll bacteria or bacteria that live at 15°C - 55°C in every 1 ml or 1 gram of food samples examined. This study aims to determine how long the effect of the durability of papaya fruit that has been sterilized using autoclave and to determine the total number of bacteria in papaya fruit that has been sterilized using autoclave. Results of the study of papaya fruit samples that had been sterilized using autoclave on day 3, the ALT value was 0.67 × 102 CFU/ml, so it can be said to meet the requirements according to SNI (30°C, 72 jam) 1 × 102 colony/g. Day 4 to day 10 the value obtained was 1.17 – 25.16 × 102 CFU/ml where the value did not meet the requirements according to SNI.
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Villegas, Violeta. "Approaches in Developing Ringspot Virus Resistant Papaya." Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology 23, no. 2 (2001): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.57043/transnastphl.2001.5113.
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Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-P) is a major disease of papaya in the Philippines. PRSV-P infected plants exhibit leaf mottling, reduced lamina, tapering of the stem, oil streaks on petioles, and ringspots on the fruits. Screening available germplasm revealed that resistance is not found within the cultivated Carica papaya species. Three approaches are being utilized to develop PRSV-P resistant papaya. Intraspecific hybridization produced a moderately tolerant variety and identified tolerant genetic stocks. Interspecific hybridization, done by crossing papaya with PRSV-P resistant wild relatives (e.g., C. cauliflora, C. quercifolia, C. pubescens), produced resistant hybrids. However, sterility and hybrid breakdown hamper the backcrossing procedure to transfer the resistance trait to papaya. Genetic engineering is another technique being pursued, and this works on the principle of coat protein-mediated resistance. Coat protein gene from the local virus isolate has been cloned and inserted into Davao solo papaya via microprojectile bombardment. Putative transformants are now regenerating. International collaboration has played an important role in our efforts to develop PRSV-P resistant papaya. Details of the progress made using intraspecific and interspecific hybridization and genetic engineering are discussed.
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Drew, R. A., S. V. Siar, C. M. O'Brien, and A. G. C. Sajise. "Progress in backcrossing between Carica papaya × Vasconcellea quercifolia intergeneric hybrids and C. papaya." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 3 (2006): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04248.
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Papaya is a major tropical fruit crop worldwide, however, all genotypes are susceptible to Papaya ringspot virus type P (PRSV-P). Protocols have been developed to produce large numbers of intergeneric hybrids between Carica papaya L. and Vasconcellea quercifolia, which is PRSV-P resistant. Although pollen fertility of these hybrids was low, backcross populations were produced in both Australia and the Philippines when papaya flowers were pollinated with pollen from 11 hybrid plants that had been identified as having some pollen fertility and were PRSV-P resistant. Plantlets were produced after embryo rescue and culture in vitro. Second backcross generations (BC2) were easier to produce than first backcross (BC1) generations as pollen fertility was >80% in male BC1 plants. Variation in time to PRSV-P symptom expression and severity of virus symptoms in the backcross generations was observed in both countries. Commercially acceptable fruit were produced in the BC2 generation. The results demonstrate that efforts in wide hybridisation to transfer PRSV-P resistance to C. papaya, are better directed towards crosses between C. papaya and V. quercifolia than with other Vasconcellea species.
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J., Martínez-Ballesteros, E. Bulbarela-Marini J., C. Pastelín-Solano M., A. SolanoRodríguez L., and Castañeda-Castro O. "Saneamiento del híbrido MSXJ de papaya contra el virus de la mancha anular de papaya." Coloquio de Investigación Multidisciplinaria 2020 8, no. 1 (2020): 1364–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6387040.
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La papaya (Carica papaya), es un fruto de importancia económica y alimenticia en México. El híbrido MSXJ de Papaya presenta características sobresalientes como tolerancia a altas temperaturas y una baja frecuencia de carpeloidía, siendo una alternativa comercial para el mercado de exportación. El cultivo es principalmente afectado por el virus de la mancha anular del Papayo (PRSV), una enfermedad viral que afecta el rendimiento y calidad del fruto, por tanto, es de suma importancia el establecimiento de plantas sanas. Las técnicas de cultivo de tejidos vegetales y termoterapia en ápices, son usadas para la eliminación de virus en cultivos. El objetivo del trabajo fue el saneamiento de vitroplantas MSXJ infestadas con el PRSV mediante termoterapia y su confirmación de la eliminación mediante RT-PCR. Las vitroplantas MSXJ toleran la termoterapia a 40 °C de temperatura con índices altos de sobrevivencia (100 %) y alta eficiencia de saneamiento (80 %) PRSV.
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Efri, Efri, Titik Nur Aeny, Ivayani Ivayani, and Meisroyatul Hulfa. "THE POTENCY OF CALABUR TREE (Muntingia calabura) LEAF EXTRACT TO CONTROL ANTHRACNOSE OF PAPAYA FRUIT." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 20, no. 1 (2020): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.12037-45.
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The potency of calabur tree (Muntingia calabura) leaf extract to control anthracnose of papaya fruit. The papaya anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of the factors causing a decrease in papaya production. The research aimed to determine the abilty of calabur tree leaf extract in inhibiting growth, sporulation, and viability of C. gloeosporioides as well as incubation period and disease severity on the fruit of papaya. The experiment was arranged in a nested design, the concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60%) were nested within the calabur tree leaf extract methods (boiling and fractionation). The results showed that boiled calabur leaves extract was more effective than fractionated calabur leaves extract to inhibit growth of C. gloeosporioides. Boiled calabur leaves extract and fractionated leaves extract at various concentration showed capability to inhibit the growth, sporulation and viability of C. gloeosporioides. Boiled calabur leaves extract at different concentration levels were able to suppress disease development of papaya anthracnose disease on papaya fruit. The higher concentration of calabur leaves extract, are more effective to inhibit C. gloeosporioides.
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Abiodun, Olugbojo Joseph. "Comparative Studies on Antibacterial Potentials of Cassia fistula and Carica papaya Leaf Extract against Selected Fish Pathogens." Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research 26, no. 8 (2024): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2024/v26i8798.
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Aim: To investigate the antibacterial efficacy of Cassia fistula and Carica papaya leaf extracts against selected fish pathogens such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and Micrococcus luteus, Study Design: To carry out the antibacterial sensitivity studies of C. fistula and C. papaya leaf extracts using one way analysis of variance. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biological Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, between November 2022-April, 2023 Methodology: Leaves were subjected to aqueous extraction, and concentrated at 500C in hot air oven. The extracts were screen for biomolecules responsible for antibacterial activities. Antibacterial sensitivity test was carried out on bacteria pathogens using agar well diffusion technique. Results: Results showed that C. fistula leaf extract was more effective against A. hydrophila (20.00b ± 2.31 mm) and P. mirabilis (17.00b ± 1.15 mm) than C. papaya leaf extract. (14.00c ± 2.31 mm and 15.00c ± 1.15 mm), while C. papaya was only effective against V. parahaemolyticus (17.50b ±1.73 mm) than C. fistula (15.50c ± 0.58 mm). The results depicted significant difference (P˂0.05) in the inhibition zone among A. hydrophila, V. parahaemolyticus and P. mirabilis, except S. aureus (12.50b ± 1.73 mm) and M. luteus (11.50b ± 0.58 mm) (P˃0.05). Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations confirmed that C. fistula was more effective on A. hydrophila than C. papaya at a lesser dose with a marked difference (P˃0.05). Conclusion: C. fistula leaf extract exhibited higher antibacterial efficacy than C. papaya, showing that it is more effective against all tested bacteria except V. parahaemolyticus. This implies that C. fistula is an excellent antibacterial agent with capacity to destroy a wide range of bacteria than C. papaya. Therefore, it can be used to treat fish diseases and pond water against bacteria pathogens, including multidrug resistant bacteria.
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Mpoame, M., and L. I. Essomba. "Essai de traitement contre des parasitoses gastro-intestinales du poulet avec des décoctions aqueuses de graines de papaye (Carica papaya)." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 53, no. 1 (2000): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9761.
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Entre avril et septembre 1998, un essai de traitement utilisant les graines de papaye (Carica papaya) a été conduit sur 60 poulets de race locale dans six exploitations infestées par Heterakis sp., Capillaria sp., Eimeria sp. Dans chaque exploitation, les poulets ont été répartis dans trois lots comportant des infestations équivalentes : un lot témoin (non traité), un lot traité à la décoction aqueuse de graines de papaye au taux de 5 g de poudre de graines de papaye par litre d'eau et un lot traité à 10 g/l. Alors qu'en général le nombre d'oeufs et d'oocystes par gramme de fèces (opg) posttraitement a toujours augmenté dans le lot témoin, il a baissé dans les lots traités infestés par Heterakis sp. et Eimeria sp. (40-65 p. 100 de taux de réduction) et s'est maintenu pour Capillaria sp. Ces résultats attestent des effets thérapeutiques des graines de C. papaya contre certains parasites gastro-intestinaux du poulet. Ces effets sont attribuables soit à une activité parasiticide directe soit à une inhibition de la production d'oeufs et d'oocystes des parasites.