Journal articles: 'C. schweinfurthii'

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Treadwell, Edward M., Steven C. Cermak, and David F. Wiemer. "Synthesis of Schweinfurthin C, a Geranylated Stilbene fromMacaranga schweinfurthii." Journal of Organic Chemistry 64, no. 23 (November 1999): 8718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo9908795.

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Treadwell, Edward M., Steven C. Cermak, and David F. Wiemer. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Schweinfurthin C (I), a Geranylated Stilbene from Macaranga schweinfurthii." ChemInform 31, no. 11 (June 10, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200011183.

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Yahata, Masaki, Hisato Kunitake, Kiichi Yasuda, Kensuke Yamashita, Haruki Komatsu, and Ryoji Matsumoto. "Production of Sexual Hybrid Progenies for Clarifying the Phylogenic Relationship between Citrus and Citropsis species." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 131, no. 6 (November 2006): 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.131.6.764.

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The reciprocal crosses between two citrus cultivars and Citropsis schweinfurthii (Engl.) Swing. & M. Kell. were conducted. The cross between `Nanpu' tangor {`Kiyomi' tangor (Citrus unshiu Marc. × C. sinensis Osbeck) × `Fairchild' tangerine-tangelo [clementine (C. clementina hort. ex Tanaka) × `Orlando' tangelo (C. paradisi Macf. × C. reticulata Blanco)]} and C. schweinfurthii produced some developed seeds with an average weight approximately 1/10 of that of the seeds obtained from open pollination in `Nanpu' tangor. These seeds germinated on Murashige and Tucker medium, and three and 28 seedlings were obtained from crosses using C. schweinfurthii as the female and the male parent, respectively. The absolute nuclear genome size of these seedlings [∼0.84 pg of DNA content per somatic nucleus (2C)] was intermediate of that of the `Nanpu' tangor (0.78 pg/2C) and C. schweinfurthii (0.90 pg/2C) seedlings. The chromosome counts of the young leaves revealed that they were diploids (2n = 2X = 18). Furthermore, the hybridity of the seedlings obtained from the reciprocal crosses between `Nanpu' tangor and C. schweinfurthii was confirmed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) analysis. These hybrids will be utilized as important materials for investigating the phylogenic relationships between these genera in the subfamily Aurantioideae.

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Owolabi, Moses S., Akintayo Ogundajo, Balogun Olaoye Solomon, Logunleko Olatunde, Noura S. Dosoky, and William N. Setzer. "Essential Oil Compositions, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Nigerian Members of the Burseraceae: Boswellia dalzielii and Canarium schweinfurthii." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 8 (August 2020): 1934578X2094694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20946940.

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The Burseraceae is an important family of resin-producing trees and shrubs, which have yielded biologically active essential oils. Boswellia dalzielii and Canarium schweinfurthii are members of the family that are used in West African traditional medicine for a variety of ailments. The leaf essential oils of B. dalzielii have been obtained from 2 different locations in north-central Nigeria, while the leaf and stem bark essential oils of C. schweinfurthii have been obtained from 3 locations. The chemical compositions of the essential oils have been determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and show wide variation, especially for the leaf essential oils. The leaf essential oils of B. dalzielii and C. schweinfurthii have been screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity; C. schweinfurthii leaf essential oil showed remarkable activity against Aspergillus niger with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 78.1 μg/mL.

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Ehiem, James Chinaka, Victor Ifeanyichukwu Obiora Ndirika, Udochukwu Nelson Onwuka, and Vijaya Raghavan. "The moisture-dependent flow characteristics of Canarium schweinfurthii Engler nuts." Research in Agricultural Engineering 65, No. 2 (July 2, 2019): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/47/2018-rae.

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The flow characteristics of three varieties of Canarium schweinfurthii Engler nuts (Canarium schweinfurthii short, Canarium schweinfurthii long and Canarium schweinfurthii large – CSHTLRG) relevant for the design and development of handling and storage systems was studied at three different moisture levels (10.20, 17.23 and 25.06% wet basis). The flow characteristics investigated include the normal stress, the shear stress, the initial shear stress, the coefficient and angle of the internal friction, the coefficient of mobility and the size of the discharge opening. An Instron universal machine at a cross-head speed of 25 mm·min–1 was used to obtain the shear force. The results obtained showed that all the flow properties increased with an increase in the moisture content except for the coefficient of mobility. Moreover, the variety of the C. schweinfurthii nuts had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the flow characteristics. CSHTLRG had the best ability to flow freely than the other varieties. The hopper side wall angle for all the varieties ranged from 67–70°. Round, square and triangle shapes are all acceptable for the smooth flow of C. schweinfurthii nuts.

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Salawu, Kayode Muritala, Abdulsalam Ayodeji Oyerinde, Abdulmalik Aliyu, and Obafemi Ibitayo Obajemihi. "Growth inhibitory properties and antimicrobial evaluation of Aloe schweinfurthii (Baker) leaf rind extract." Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources 17, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jpb.v17i2.11.

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Cancer and infectious diseases combined are leading cause of death and public health concern. In developing countries, about 80% of the populace depends on medicinal plants for their general health care needs including treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. Aloe schweinfurthii (Aloaceae) is a small medicinal herb that is commonly used for the treatment of cancerous and infectious diseases in South-West Nigeria. The focus of this study was to evaluate the growth inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of the herb. The rind of the herb was collected, air dried, pulverized and extracted into distilled methanol by cold maceration. The dried extract obtained was subjected to growth inhibitory and antimicrobial assays. The extract displayed concentration dependent growth inhibitory activity with IC50 of 484.7±2.16 and 1188±2.32µg/mL compared to cyclophosphamide with IC50 of 174.3±0.19 and 834.5±0.84 µg/mL in Sorghum bicolor radical and Allium cepa root growth inhibitory assays, respectively. The extract displayed concentration dependent antibacterial and antifungal effects with the highest activity against C. freundi (18 mm zone of inhibition) at 50 mg/mL. The extract of Aloe schweinfurthii leaf rind displayed marked growth inhibitory and antimicrobial bioactivities. The extract maybe considered as a viable candidate for discovery of chemotherapeutic agent (s). Keywords: Growth inhibition, Antimicrobial, Aloe schweinfurthii, Chemotherapeutic Agent

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James Chinaka, Ehiem. "Viscosity and biodiesel characteristics of wild Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. fruit oil." Research in Agricultural Engineering 64, No. 4 (December 31, 2018): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/99/2017-rae.

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The viscosity of two varieties of Canarium schweinfurthiiEngl. fruits oil (large and long) were studied at four different temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60oC) and three shear rates (7.91, 15.82 and 39.54 s–1). SurgiFriend Medical (model NDJ-5S) viscometer was used to carry out the study. Biodiesel characteristics of the oil were also investigated. The results showed that variety had no effect (P < 0.05) on the viscosity of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. fruit while temperature had especially at 50oC and above. The shear rate of 15.82 s–1 (12 rps) gave the lowest oil viscosity for both varieties. The oil from large fruit had the best temperature stability, low percentage viscosity (6.33%) variation and least activation energy (796.51 J·mol–1·K–1) while long variety had best biodiesel characteristic for safe handling. Temperature had no significant (P < 0.05) effect on the consistency coefficient (C) and flow behaviour index (n) of both varieties of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. fruits oil. Besides, oil from both fruit varieties is Newtonian fluids.

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Maguie, Kammegne Adelaide, Ndi Julius Nsami, Kouotou Daouda, Che Nangah Randy, and Ketcha Joseph Mbadcam. "Adsorption Study of the Removal of Copper (II) Ions using Activated Carbon Based Canarium Schweinfurthii Shells Impregnated with ZnCl2." IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) 8, no. 1 (August 15, 2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jas.v8.n1.p2.

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The adsorption of Cu2+ions on activated carbon based canarium schweinfurthii impregnated with ZnCl2 was studied. The shells of canarium schweinfurthii were impregnated with ZnCl2 at varying ZnCl2 concentrations, temperature, residence time while keeping the heating rate fixed at 10 °C / min and the ratio of impregnation of 1:1. The activated carbon with the highest surface area in term of iodine number of 860,817 mg/g, the highest methylene blue of 741,6 mg/g and 74,66 % of yield of carbon was obtained at 650 °C, 60 % ZnCl 2 and 30min. From the batch adsorption studies, the equilibrium time was found to be 40 min. Analysis of equilibrium isotherm models revealed a good correlation of the experimental data with the Tempkin (R 2 = 0.909) model. This confirms a high affinity of the activated carbon for Cu 2+ ions on the heterogeneous surface. The value of energy obtained from the Tempkin model was 60,606 J/mol and the presence of pics between 487 cm-1 to 871 cm-1 indicating that physisorption and chemisorption were taking place during this sorption. The pseudo-second order kinetics(R 2 = 0.999) governs the adsorption of Cu2+ions on this activated carbon.

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Kaur, Taranjit, Jatinder Singh, Michael A. Huffman, Klára J. Petrželková, Nancy S. Taylor, Shilu Xu, Floyd E. Dewhirst, et al. "Campylobacter troglodytissp. nov., Isolated from Feces of Human-Habituated Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Tanzania." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 7 (January 28, 2011): 2366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01840-09.

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ABSTRACTThe transmission of simian immunodeficiency and Ebola viruses to humans in recent years has heightened awareness of the public health significance of zoonotic diseases of primate origin, particularly from chimpanzees. In this study, we analyzed 71 fecal samples collected from 2 different wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) populations with different histories in relation to their proximity to humans.Campylobacterspp. were detected by culture in 19/56 (34%) group 1 (human habituated for research and tourism purposes at Mahale Mountains National Park) and 0/15 (0%) group 2 (not human habituated but propagated from an introduced population released from captivity over 30 years ago at Rubondo Island National Park) chimpanzees, respectively. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, all isolates were virtually identical (at most a single base difference), and the chimpanzee isolates were most closely related toCampylobacter helveticusandCampylobacter upsaliensis(94.7% and 95.9% similarity, respectively). Whole-cell protein profiling, amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of genomic DNA,hsp60sequence analysis, and determination of the mol% G+C content revealed two subgroups among the chimpanzee isolates. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments confirmed that both subgroups represented distinct genomic species. In the absence of differential biochemical characteristics and morphology and identical 16S rRNA gene sequences, we propose to classify all isolates into a single novel nomenspecies,Campylobacter troglodytis, with strain MIT 05-9149 as the type strain; strain MIT 05-9157 is suggested as the reference strain for the secondC. troglodytisgenomovar. Further studies are required to determine whether the organism is pathogenic to chimpanzees and whether this novelCampylobactercolonizes humans and causes enteric disease.

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Easton, Julian, Nerissa Chao, Felix Mulindahabi, Nicolas Ntare, Louis Rugyerinyange, and Innocent Ndikubwimana. "Status and conservation of the only population of the Vulnerable owl-faced monkey Cercopithecus hamlyni in Rwanda." Oryx 45, no. 3 (June 7, 2011): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310001468.

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AbstractThe elusive, Vulnerable owl-faced monkey Cercopithecus hamlyni is a rare and little studied species and one of the least known of the African Cercopithecidae. This study describes the distribution and relative abundance of the only known population in East Africa, in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. This species is restricted to a small (32 km2) area of bamboo and bamboo–forest mix in the southern sector of the Park, close to the international border with Burundi. We present the first empirical data of its abundance in the bamboo forests of Nyungwe. A total length of 185 km of transect were surveyed to estimate relative abundance of diurnal primates. Encounter rates with the owl-faced monkey were 0.081 groups km-1 (n = 15). Mean group size was 3.6 individuals. Eight independent photographs of C. hamlyni were obtained from five camera traps during 182 camera-days. Four other species of primates occur in the bamboo forest: eastern chimpanzee Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, Angola colobus Colobus angolensis, L’Hoest’s monkey Cercopithecus l’hoesti and blue monkey Cercopithecus mitis. The main threats to the bamboo forest are from the illegal harvesting of bamboo, trapping and tree-cutting. These threats originate from both Rwanda and Burundi. There is an urgent need for conservation action to halt the destruction and degradation of the bamboo forest and to ensure the long-term survival of the owl-faced monkey in Rwanda.

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Aghoutane, Youssra, Mohammed Moufid, Soukaina Motia, Guy Stephane Padzys, Linda Priscilia Omouendze, Eduard Llobet, Benachir Bouchikhi, and Nezha El Bari. "Characterization and Analysis of Okoume and Aiele Essential Oils from Gabon by GC-MS, Electronic Nose, and Their Antibacterial Activity Assessment." Sensors 20, no. 23 (November 26, 2020): 6750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236750.

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Essential oil resins of Aucoumea klaineana (Okoume) and Canarium schweinfurthii (Aiele) species, of the Burseraceae family, were studied to investigate their bioactive constituents and their antibacterial activities. Aiele resin had a higher yield (6.86%) of essential oil than Okoume (3.62%). Twenty-one compounds for Okoume and eighteen for Aiele essential oil were identified using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Gp-C-MS) technique. The main compounds identified in Okoume essential oil were benzenemethanol, α, α,4-trimethyl (28.85%), (+)-3-carene (3,7,7-trimethyl bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene) (17.93%), D-Limonene ((4R)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene) (19.36%). With regard to the Aiele essential oil, we identified (1R,4S)-1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol (26.64%), and 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol (26.83%). Two strains of bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, were used in antibacterial tests. S. aureus was found to be more sensitive to Okoume and Aiele essential oils, with a high inhibition zone ranging from 20 to 16 mm. In comparison, the inhibition zone ranged from 6 to 12 mm for E. coli. An electronic nose (e-nose) combined with pattern analysis methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant function analysis (DFA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to discriminate the essential oil samples. In summary, the e-nose and GC-MS allowed the identification of bioactive compounds in the essential oil samples, which have a strong antimicrobial activity, with satisfactory results.

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Topczewski, Joseph J., Michael P. Callahan, John G. Kodet, Jery D. Inbarasu, Nolan R. Mente, John A. Beutler, and David F. Wiemer. "Relevance of the C-5 position to schweinfurthin induced cytotoxicity." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 24 (December 2011): 7570–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.034.

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13

Argade, Narshinha, and Mandeep Singh. "Palladium-Catalyzed Routes to Geranylated or Farnesylated Phenolic Stilbenes: Synthesis of Pawhuskin C and Schweinfurthin J." Synthesis 44, no. 18 (August 8, 2012): 2895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1316765.

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Alejo, A. O., A. M. Ajayi, and B. O. Akinyele. "Comparative Efficacy of Aloe vera (Linn) and Aloe schweinfurthii (Baker) Powdered Leaf Extracts in the Control of Some Plant Fungal Pathogens." International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, March 14, 2019, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v25i230072.

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Evaluation of the relative efficacy of powdered leaf extracts of Aloe vera (Linn) and Aloe schweinfurthii (Baker) in the control of some plant pathogens was undertaken in this work. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts obtained using cold water, hot water and ethanol were tested against four fungal spp., namely, Alternaria solani, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Trichophyton rubrum. The phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts of the two aloe species revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, phytates and oxalates. The extracts were observed to exhibit varying inhibitory effects on the selected fungi. Ethanolic extract of A. vera at 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml had the greatest impact on A. solani and C. lindemuthianum respectively. Similarly, cold water extract of A. schweinfurthii at 100 mg/ml was the most effective against S. rolfsii and T. rubrum. However, hot water extract of A. vera was least effective against C. lindemuthianum. Also, the efficacy of cold water extract of A. schweinfurthii at 50 mg/ml was very low against T. rubrum and A. solani. The hot water extract of A. schweinfurthii at 20 mg/ml also showed the least effect against S. rolfsii. Consequently, extracts from both Aloe species can be recommended in the management of the four fungal pathogens evaluated in this study. It is hoped that in no distant future, botanical fungicides would be developed from the two Aloe species.

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M. Stephen, Chomini, Francis M. Junior, Ishaya Musa, Chomini A. Emilia, and Peter M. Kalu. "Assessment of Proximate and Physico-Chemical Potentials of Crude Kernel Oil Extracts of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl." Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, May 2, 2021, 3941–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.48198/njpas/20.b13.

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The finite, depleting and unsustainable nature of fossil fuels remained a global concern. This had continued to stir up an urgent need to consider cheaper renewable and sustainable alternative. Consequently, the assay of proximate and physico-chemical potentials of crude kernel oil extracts of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. was conducted. This was intended to evaluate the nutritional and some of the inherent biodiesel properties. The procedure according to Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (AOAC) were deployed to analyze the proximate, physico-chemical and fatty acids contents of the crude kernel oil extracted of the test plant. It was found that the oil sample of the test plant had 9.25±0.05% (moisture content), 6.10±0.09% (crude fiber), 23.62±0.02% (crude protein), 44.35 ±0.04% (crude lipid), 10.35±0.04% (ash) and 6.33±0.03% (carbohydrate). The physico – chemical assay of the oil revealed promising biodiesel properties with relative density (0.966±0.01g/cm3), refractive index (1.465±0.05 at 30°C), calorific value (38.93±0.13MJ/kg), viscosity value (150.1±0.70 mm2/s), saponification value (220.30±0.98 mgKOH/g), peroxide value (4.26 ± 0.08meq/Kg), acid value (2.49±0.04 mgKOH/g), iodine value (64.70±0.10 g/100g) and cetane number (56.52±0.68). Furthermore, 14-methyl Pentadecanoic acid, methyl ester (C17H34O2), 13,16-Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (C19H34O2) and Heptacosanoic acid, methyl ester (C28H56O2) were the assayed fatty acids content of crude kernel oil extract of C. schweinfurthii. These had relative percentage abundance (RPA) of 25.80±0.04%, 67.60±0.30% and 6.60±0.03%. The findings clearly elucidated the biodiesel potential of the kernel oil sample of C. schweinfurthii and consequently recommended its incorporation. In this regard, it became imperative for concerted afforestation efforts that would guarantee its sustainable utilization.

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Cannon, P. F. "Micropeltis ugandae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 141 (August 1, 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401407.

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Abstract A description is provided for Micropeltis ugandae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Recorded from living leaves of Agelaea ugandensis (Connaraceae), Aframomum sp. (Zingiberaceae), Alchornea cordifolia and A. hirtella (Euphorbiaceae), Amaralia sherbourneae (Rubiaceae), Anchomanes difformis (Araceae), Artabotrys nitidus (Annonaceae), Baphia nitida (Leguminosae), Bersama sp. (Melianthaceae), Blighia sapida (Sapindanceae), Canthium sp. (Rubiaceae), Carpodinus dulcis (Apocynaceae), Chrysophyllum welwitschii (Sapotaceae), Cnestis corniculata (Connaraceae), Coffea rousta and C. stenophylla (Rubiaceae), Costus afer (Zingiberaceae), Craterispermum laurinum and C. schweinfurthii (Rubiaceae), Cremaspora africana (Rubiaceae), Dacryodes kleiniana (Burseraceae), Dichapetalum toxicarium (Dichapetalaceae), Deinbollia pinnata (Sapindaceae), Dialium guineense (Leguminosae), Diospyros sp. (Ebenaceae), Dracaena perrotetii (Agavaceae), Eugenia elliottii (Myrtaceae), Ficus leprieurii (Moraceae), Funtumia africana and F. elastica (Apocynaceae), Gardenia sp. (Rubiaceae), Guibourtea copallifera (Leguminosae), Hippocratea welwitschii (Celastraceae), Jaundea pinnata (Connaraceae), Lecaniodiscus cupanioides (Sapindaceae), Macrolobium crassifolium and M. macrophyllum (Leguminosae), Manniophyton africanum (Euphorbiaceae), Mareya spicata (Euphorbiaceae), Microdesmis puberula (Pandaceae), Napoleonaea heudelotii (Lecythidaceae), Ochthocosmos africanus (Ixonanthaceae), Olax sp. (Olacaceae), Pleioceras afzelii (Apocynaceae), Rhaphiostylis beninensis (Icacinaceae), Rinorea sp. (Violaceae), Salacia pyriformis (Celastraceae), Soyauxia floribunda (Flacourtiaceae), Strychnos afzelii (Loganiaceae), Uncaria africana (Rubiaceae) and Ventilago africana (Rhamnaceae). DISEASE: formed on symptomless green tissue, but probably saprobic and gaining nutrition from honeydew or cuticular waxes. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: known from Ghana, western Kenya, Sierra Leone and Uganda; probably widespread in tropical Africa in rain forest ecosystems. TRANSMISSION: no studies have been made, but ascospores and their fragmented segments are almost certainly wind- or watersplash-dispersed, depending on local climatic conditions at the time of ascus maturity.

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Kiin-Kabari, D. B., P. S. Umunna, and S. Y. Giami. "Physicochemical Properties and Fatty Acid Profile of African Elemi Fruit Pulp Oil Compared with Palm Kernel Oil." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 2, no. 6 (November 23, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2020.2.6.149.

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African elemi (Canarium schweinfurthii) fruit pulp oil was extracted and refined which yielded 39.5% oil. It was characterized for its physical, chemical, phytochemical properties and fatty acid profile in comparison with palm kernel oil (PKO). The result for physical properties revealed that there was no significant difference in the density, refractive index, and flash point of the oils. African elemi fruit pulp oil (AEO) had significantly (p>0.05) higher slip melting point and viscosity while significantly (p<0.05) lower smoke point and fire point. Chemical properties of the oils such as iodine, acid value, unsaponifiable matter and free fatty acids were significantly (p>0.05) higher in AEO with the values of 76.79 g/100 g, 0.94 mg KOH/g, 1.32 and 0.58%, respectively and significantly (p<0.05) lower in saponification and peroxide values, 155.47 mg KOH/g and 1.06 meq/kg, respectively compared to the values obtained for the PKO. Saturated fatty acid profile of AEO had the values of 9.44, 32.24 and 2.63% for myristic (C14:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0) while PKO had the values of 48.00, 16.20, 2.50 and 8.40% for lauric (C12:0), myristic (C14:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0), respectively. The monounsaturated fatty acids were oleic acid (C18:1) 30.24% for AEO and 15.0% for PKO making oleic acid the highest occurring monounsaturated fatty acids present in AEO. Thus, lauric acid (C12:0) and linoleic (C18:2) was not dictated in AEO while gadoleic (C20:1) was not dictated in PKO. Flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phytates and alkaloids had the values of 0.29, 0.33, 0.13, 0.13 and 0.74% for AEO and 0.32, 0.12, 0.24, 0.11 and 0.07% for PKO, respectively and all were within the acceptable limit of 3% for food products with respect to the phytochemical properties of the oils. The result for solid fat content - temperature profile revealed that PKO and AEO completely melted at 35 °C and 45 °C, respectively.

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Journal articles on the topic 'C. schweinfurthii'

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