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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'C-section'
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1
Ng, Hui-Siong. "Low energy (K§+, ¹²C) charge exchange cross section measurements." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ60159.pdf.
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Lehmann, Tanja. "Der Verstoß gegen das Berufsverbot ([section] 145 c StGB) /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2007. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/978-3-8300-2721-8.htm.
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Rinchen. "Long-span cold-formed steel single C-section portal frames." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18882.
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This thesis presents a comprehensive study of long-span cold-formed steel single C-section portal frames. The study includes the formulation of a nonlinear beam finite element for thin-walled sections, a series of full-scale frame tests and component tests, finite element modelling and advanced analysis followed by the formulation of design guidelines. The study was aimed at exploring the structural behaviour through experiment and numerical analysis towards developing provisions for the design of cold-formed steel portal frames using Advanced Analysis. A nonlinear thin-walled beam element for general open cross-sections was formulated, incorporating warping effect and non-coincident location of the shear centre and the centroid. It was successfully implemented in the geometric nonlinear analysis framework of the OpenSees finite element software. Towards investigating the behaviour and determining the ultimate strength, six full-scale tests on cold-formed steel single C-section portal frames were conducted. Separate tests were performed on frame connections, point-fastener connections and coupons to obtain the material parameters required for numerical modelling. Advanced shell finite element models of the full-scale frames and frame connections were created and validated against experimental results. The bolts and screws used for the connections between components were represented by point-based deformable fasteners. The force-deformation characteristics of the deformable fasteners were incorporated and successfully implemented in the Advanced Analysis. The strength of cold-formed steel single C-section portal frames determined by the Direct Strength Method and the Direct Design Method were compared. To account for inherent uncertainties in the strength of CFS portal frames, system resistance factors were derived. It was concluded that the Direct Design Method using Advanced Analysis is the likely future method for the design of cold-formed steel portal frames.
4
Konstantelos, Dimitrios, Sascha Ifflaender, Jürgen Dinger, Wolfram Burkhardt, and Mario Rüdiger. "Analyzing support of postnatal transition in term infants after c-section." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-167496.
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Background: Whereas good data are available on the resuscitation of infants, little is known regarding support of
postnatal transition in low-risk term infants after c-section. The present study was performed to describe current
delivery room (DR) management of term infants born by c-section in our institution by analyzing videos that were
recorded within a quality assurance program.
Methods: DR- management is routinely recorded within a quality assurance program. Cross-sectional study of
videos of term infants born by c-section. Videos were analyzed with respect to time point, duration and number of
all medical interventions. Study period was between January and December 2012.
Results: 186 videos were analyzed. The majority of infants (73%) were without support of postnatal transition. In
infants with support of transition, majority of infants received respiratory support, starting in median after
3.4 minutes (range 0.4-14.2) and lasting for 8.8 (1.5-28.5) minutes. Only 33% of infants with support had to be
admitted to the NICU, the remaining infants were returned to the mother after a median of 13.5 (8-42) minutes. A
great inter- and intra-individual variation with respect to the sequence of interventions was found.
Conclusions: The study provides data for an internal quality improvement program and supports the benefit of
using routine video recording of DR-management. Furthermore, data can be used for benchmarking with current
practice in other centers.
5
Konstantelos, Dimitrios, Sascha Ifflaender, Jürgen Dinger, Wolfram Burkhardt, and Mario Rüdiger. "Analyzing support of postnatal transition in term infants after c-section." BioMed Central, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28700.
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Background: Whereas good data are available on the resuscitation of infants, little is known regarding support of
postnatal transition in low-risk term infants after c-section. The present study was performed to describe current
delivery room (DR) management of term infants born by c-section in our institution by analyzing videos that were
recorded within a quality assurance program.
Methods: DR- management is routinely recorded within a quality assurance program. Cross-sectional study of
videos of term infants born by c-section. Videos were analyzed with respect to time point, duration and number of
all medical interventions. Study period was between January and December 2012.
Results: 186 videos were analyzed. The majority of infants (73%) were without support of postnatal transition. In
infants with support of transition, majority of infants received respiratory support, starting in median after
3.4 minutes (range 0.4-14.2) and lasting for 8.8 (1.5-28.5) minutes. Only 33% of infants with support had to be
admitted to the NICU, the remaining infants were returned to the mother after a median of 13.5 (8-42) minutes. A
great inter- and intra-individual variation with respect to the sequence of interventions was found.
Conclusions: The study provides data for an internal quality improvement program and supports the benefit of
using routine video recording of DR-management. Furthermore, data can be used for benchmarking with current
practice in other centers.
6
Klimpel, Jill M. "Performing Modernity through Birth: Exploring High Rates of C-Sections in São Paulo, Brazil." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1321638880.
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Borland, Michelle Renee. "Reducing the Use of Indwelling Urinary Catheters During Cesarean Deliveries." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2918.
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One concern for medical professionals and women experiencing cesarean deliveries is the use of indwelling urinary catheters, which is associated with a delay in first void time, slower ambulation time, increased discomfort, longer hospital stays, and an increased risk for urinary tract infections. The purpose of this project was to determine if a practice change regarding the use of urinary catheters among pregnant women decreases the number of women receiving a catheter prior to having a cesarean section in a small community hospital. The knowledge to action and Rosswurm and Larabee's models were used to guide this project, which was comprised of 2 phases. Phase 1 included a team of 10 experts that created the needs assessment that would establish hemodynamic stability using a 4-point scale. The items for inclusion in the needs assessment included primary cesarean, repeat cesarean, no urinary tract infection present, no fetal distress present, no systemic disorders present, no hypertensive disorders present, and no contraindications for anesthesia. Phase 2 was the implementation and evaluation of the needs assessment and new practice guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann Whitney U test. There was 98% compliance (p < 0.001.) with the use of the assessment in women undergoing a cesarean delivery and a 64% reduction in the length of time an indwelling catheter was left in place. However, there was no significant change in the number of women receiving a catheter prior to cesarean delivery after a needs assessment was performed (p = 0.805). This project has potential implications that would support social change by reducing the use of indwelling catheters among hemodynamically stable women undergoing cesarean deliveries.
8
Teklishyn, Maksym. "Measurement of the η c (1S) production cross-section via the decay η c to proton-antiproton final state". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112224/document.
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Cette thèse répond une étude de la η c (1S) d'état de charmonium utilisant désintégrations à l'état final proton-antiproton à l'expérience LHCb. La section efficace de production du méson η c dans les interactions parton et dans les désintégrations b-hadrons sont signalés. La production de l'état η c (1S) est mesurée par la désintégration de ppbar avec le détecteur LHCb, en utilisant une luminosité intégrée de 0,7 fb⁻¹ accumulé à 7 TeV l'énergie de centre de masse en 2011, et une luminosité intégrée de 2 fb⁻¹ accumulé à 8 TeV l'énergie de centre de masse en 2012 les mesures sont effectuées en utilisant le J / ψ → ppbar décroissance comme un canal de référence. Haut de centre de masse des énergies disponibles dans les collisions proton-proton au LHC permet modèles décrivant la production de charmonium à tester. Nous distinguons rapidement présenté charmonia de ceux provenant de b-hadron se désintègre. Rapidement produites charmonia comprennent charmonia produit directement dans les interactions parton et ceux provenant de la désintégration de lourdes Etats quarkonium, qui sont à leur tour produit dans les interactions de partons. Production de charmonium invite comprend la production directe de l'interaction de parton et charmonium provenant de désintégrations des etats les plus lourds. Le taux relatif de la production rapide de l'etats η c et J / ψ dans l'acceptation LHCb (gamme de rapidité 2,0 6,5 GeV/c est mesurée pour la première le temps d'être σ (η c) / σ (J / ψ) = 1,74 ± 0,29 ± 0,28 stat syst ± 0,18 B l'énergie de centre de masse 7 TeV, et σ (η c) / σ (J / ψ) = 1,60 ± 0,29 stat ± 0,25 ± 0,17 syst B l'énergie de centre de masse 8 TeV. Utilisation du J / ψ section efficace de production mesurée par LHCb et en supposant qu'aucun J / ψ polarisation, l'absolu η c section efficace de production dans le même régime cinématique est σ η c = 0,52 ± 0,09 ± 0,08 stat syst ± 0,06 σ J / ψ, B l'énergie de centre de masse 7 TeV, et σ η c = 0,59 ± 0,11 stat ± 0,09 ± 0,08 syst σ J / ψ, B l'énergie de centre de masse 8 TeV. La troisième composante d'erreur correspond à l'incertitude de la J / ψ → p et η c → p ramification fractions et la mesure de section eficase J/ψ. Le rapport η c à J/ψ compris fraction de branchement de b-hadron désintégrations est mesuré pour être B (b → η c X) / B (b → J / ψ X) = 0,42 ± 0,06 ± 0,02 stat syst ± 0,05 B. Utilisation de l'J/ψ compris fraction ramification de b-hadron désintégrations mesuré avec le J/ψ →μμ canal de désintégration, l'inclusion η c ramification fraction de b-hadron désintégrations se trouve être B (b → η c X) = (4,9 ± 0,6 ± 0,3 stat syst ± 0,7 B) × 10 ⁻³, où la troisième composante d'erreur correspond à l'incertitude dans les J/ψ → pp et η c → pp ramification fractions (et le J/ψ compris fraction J ramification de b-hadron décroît). La mesure de la fraction η c de branchement inclus rapport de b-hadron se désintègre est la plus précise à ce jour. Utilisation de l'échantillon à faible fond de η c de b-hadron se désintègre, la différence de masse J / ψ et η c, ΔMJ / ψ, η c = 114,7 ± 1,5 ± 0,1 MeV / c², est mesurée. La valeur de la production par rapport compris η c J/ψ est important de faire la distinction entre une grande variété de modèles théoriques. Le η c section est mesurée dans des bacs de dynamique transversale. Il présente un comportement similaire à ceux obtenus dans l'analyse de la production J/ψ, mais avec beaucoup plus importantes incertitudes. Les limites supérieures sur la production de certains autres états charmonium sont adressées<br>This thesis addresses a study of the η c (1S) charmonium state using decays to proton-antiproton final state at the LHCb experiment. The production cross-section of the η c meson in parton interactions and in b-hadron decays are reported. Production of the η c (1S) state is measured via the decay to ppbar with the LHCb detector, using an integrated luminosity of 0.7 fb⁻¹ accumulated at 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy in 2011, and an integrated luminosity of 2 fb⁻¹ accumulated at 8 TeV centre-of-mass energy in 2012. The measurements are performed using the J/ψ → ppbar decay as a reference channel. High centre-of-mass energies available in proton-proton collisions at the LHC allow models describing charmonium production to be tested. We distinguish promptly produced charmonia from those originating from b-hadron decays. Promptly produced charmonia include charmonia directly produced in parton interactions and those originating from the decays of heavier quarkonium states, which are in turn produced in parton interactions. Prompt charmonium production comprises direct production in the parton interaction and charmonium originating from decays of heavier states. The relative rate of prompt production of the η c and J/ψ states in the LHCb acceptance (rapidity range 2.0 < y < 4.5) and for p T (J/ψ , η c ) > 6.5 GeV/c is measured for the first time to be σ (η c) /σ (J/ψ) = 1.74 ± 0.29 stat ± 0.28 syst ± 0.18 B at a centre-of-mass energy 7 TeV, and σ (η c) /σ (J/ψ) = 1.60 ± 0.29 stat ± 0.25 syst ± 0.17 B at a centre-of-mass energy s = 8 TeV. Using the J/ψ production cross-section measured by LHCb and assuming no J/ψ polarization, the absolute η c prompt production cross-section in the same kinematic regime is found to be σ η c = 0.52 ± 0.09 stat ± 0.08 syst ± 0.06 σ J/ψ , B at a centre-of-mass energy 7 TeV, and σ η c = 0.59 ± 0.11 stat ± 0.09 syst ± 0.08 σ J/ψ , B at a centre-of-mass energy s = 8 TeV. The third error component corresponds to the uncertainty in the J/ψ → pp and η c → pp branching fractions and the J/ψ cross-section measurement. The relative η c to J/ψ inclusive branching fraction from b-hadron decays is measured to be B(b→η c X) /B(b→J/ψ X) = 0.42 ± 0.06 stat ± 0.02 syst ± 0.05 B. Using the J/ψ inclusive branching fraction from b-hadron decays measured with the J/ψ → μμ decay channel, the inclusive η c branching fraction from b-hadron decays is found to be B(b→η c X) = (4.9 ± 0.6 stat ± 0.3 syst ± 0.7 B) × 10 ⁻³ ,where the third error component corresponds to the uncertainty in the J/ψ → pp and η c → pp branching fractions (and the J/ψ inclusive branching fraction from b-hadron decays). The measurement of the relative η c inclusive branching fraction from b-hadron decays is the most precise to date. Using low-background sample of η c from b-hadron decays, the J/ψ and η c mass difference, ∆M J/ψ , η c = 114.7 ± 1.5 ± 0.1 MeV/c² , is measured. The value of the relative inclusive η c production to J/ψ is important for distinguishing between a variety of theoretical models. The η c cross-section is measured in bins of transverse momentum. It exhibits a similar behaviour to those obtained in the J/ψ production analysis, though with significantly larger uncertainties. The upper limits on the production of some other charmonium states are addressed
9
Aydin, Gural Onel Y. "Charged pion production cross section using 120 GeV/c proton beam on carbon target." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/333.
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Ullrich, Kristin. "Registergerichtliche Inhaltskontrolle von Gesellschaftsverträgen und Satzungsänderungsbeschlüssen : Eintragungsverfahren gemäß [section] 9 c Abs. 2 GmbHG /." Frankfurt am Main : Verl. Recht und Wirtschaft, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014852537&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Aydin, Gural. "Charged pion production cross section using 120 GeV/c proton beam on carbon target." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/333.
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The MIPP (Main Injector Particle Production) Experiment is a fixed target experiment at Fermilab to measure hadronic production for different targets and beam energies. Data were taken in 2005 on targets including aluminum, beryllium, bismuth, carbon, copper, and uranium, a cryogenic hydrogen target, and the NuMI target using six types of beam particles (pion, kaon, and proton of both charges) for the beam energies ranging from 5 GeV/c to 120 GeV/c. We present the charged pion production cross section measurements of 120 GeV/c proton beam on a thin carbon target in terms of final state particle's longitudinal and transverse momenta.
12
Maodi, Lorraine Pearl. "Unlawful credit agreement : an analysis of Section 89(5) of the National Credit Act 34 of 2005 with specific focus on Section 89(5)(c)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45985.
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This study is a critical analysis of section 89(5) of the National Credit Act, with specific focus on section 89(5)(c). Although section 89(5) deals with the consequences of unlawful credit agreements listed under section 89, this study will focus on the consequences of unlawful credit agreements of unregistered credit providers. The National Credit Act is the regulatory framework for the credit market in South Africa and it places an obligation on certain individuals or legal persons to register as credit providers. Credit providers who fail to register when they are required to do so face the consequence of having their credit agreements being void and unlawful. A further adverse consequence is that the credit providers rights to restitution for goods delivered or money lend will either be cancelled or forfeited to the State in terms of section 89(5)(c). Case law will be utilised to demonstrate the far-reaching consequences of section 89(5)(c). The key problem with section 89(5)(c) of the National Credit Act is that it does not afford the court the opportunity to exercise a discretion when dealing with disputes concerning credit agreements which are unlawful. The common law action of unjustified enrichment, on the other hand, allows the court to exercise this discretion. The recent approval of the National Credit Amendment Bill has resulted in an amendment to section 89(5). This study will reveal whether or not the proposed amendment to section 89(5) will solve the problems which have arisen from the provision.<br>Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014.<br>tm2015<br>Mercantile Law<br>LLM<br>Unrestricted
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Mai, Trung Minh. "A C-ITS based lane changing advisory for weaving sections." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/81794/1/Trung%20Minh_Mai_Thesis.pdf.
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This study examines the benefits of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) in weaving sections. The research proposes a lane-changing advisory application to alleviate the lane-changing concentration in weaving sections by coordinating weaving vehicles. While non-weaving vehicles travel as normal, weaving vehicles are monitored and advised through personalized messages based on their destination lane. The findings of this research, derived from a microscopic simulation in AIMSUN, reveal that the proposed strategy has the potential to improve delay significantly and that it can be applied to any existing one-sided weaving sections.
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Benabderrahmane, Mohamed Lotfi. "Measurement of the K 0 inclusive cross section in pion-induced reactions at 1.15 GeV,c." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-opus-73321.
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Fernandes, Raul Miguel Pires. "Variação clínica indesejada no parto no SNS português : o papel da oferta." Master's thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9358.
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RESUMO - A variação clínica indesejada é um problema global que atinge os diversos sistemas de saúde. Vários autores relacionaram as instituições de saúde e suas características (a oferta) com as decisões clínicas, originando variação clínica entre prestadores de cuidados de saúde.
Este estudo procurou identificar a existência de variação clínica indesejada nos nascimentos assistidos no SNS entre 2002 e 2009. É conhecido que uma taxa elevada de cesarianas é prejudicial para as mães e crianças. Neste sentido, procurou analisar-se a variação na percentagem de cesarianas realizadas por hospital do SNS e a influência do número de profissionais nestes valores.
A metodologia utilizada foi a análise de fontes de informação que incluíram a caracterização dos internamentos e o número e especialidade dos profissionais de saúde no SNS português.
Os resultados permitem afirmar que existe de variação clínica indesejada nos nascimentos no SNS, nomeadamente: (1) a percentagem de cesarianas realizada por hospital varia entre 19,78% e 40,09%; (2) o número de médicos obstetras varia entre os hospitais do SNS, entre 2,1 e 31,1 por 1000 partos; (3) o número de enfermeiros obstetras varia entre 3,8 e 50,7 por 1000 partos; (4) o número médio de dias internamento da mulher é 1,54 dias mais curto nos partos vaginais, que nos partos por cesariana, e 1 dia para o tempo mediano; (5) o tempo mediano de internamento da mulher submetida a cesariana é mais curto nos hospitais que realizam mais este procedimento; (6) não existe relação entre a idade da mãe e a percentagem de cesarianas; (7) nem do número de profissionais de saúde ajustado por 1000 partos; (8) não é possível identificar alterações significativas na percentagem de cesarianas entre hospitais universitários e não universitários.<br>ABSTRACT - Unwarranted clinical variation is a global problem that affects several health systems. Several authors have related health institutions and their characteristics (supply) with clinical decisions, leading to clinical variation between providers of health care.
This study sought to identify the existence of unwarranted clinical variation in assisted births in the Portuguese NHS between 2002 and 2009. It is known that a high rate of C-section is harmful for mothers and children. In this sense we analyzed the percentage of cesarean sections performed by the NHS hospitals and the influence of the number of professionals in these values.
The methodology used was the analysis of information sources that included the characterization of admissions and the number and specialty of health professionals in the Portuguese NHS.
The results confirm that there is unwarranted variation in births assisted in the NHS, such as: (1) the percentage of C-sections performed per hospital varies between 19.78% and 40.09%; (2) the number of obstetricians varies between NHS hospitals, between 2.1 and 31.1 per 1000 births; (3) the number of obstetric nurses varies between 3.8 and 50.7 per 1000 births; (4) the average number of inpatient days for the woman is 1,54 shorter in the vaginal deliveries when compared to C-sections, and one day for the median length of stay; (5) The hospital length of stay of women who have performed a C-section is shorter in hospitals that perform more this procedure; (6) no relation have been found between maternal age and the percentage of C-sections; (7) nor with the number of health workers adjusted per 1000 births; (8) is not possible to identify significant changes in the rate of C-Sections deliveries among non-university and university hospitals.
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Oryema, John Bosco. "Essays in Health and Development Economics." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6343.
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This dissertation examines three health and development issues in Sub-Saharan Africa. It analyzes the impact of policy changes and interventions on child mortality, household food consumption and cesarean section births. The study is motivated by the Millennium Development Goals and policies which could affect their achievement. In the first essay, I investigate the impact of debt relief on under-five mortality rate. A dynamic panel data estimator is employed in the analysis. The result shows that debt relief is associated with a statistically significant reduction in under-five mortality rate. I conclude that conditionality of debt relief or development aid can yield positive outcomes. The second essay examines the impact of private hospitals on the likelihood of cesarean section births in Uganda. The study is motivated by the increase in cesarean section births following the proliferation of private hospitals. The main method of estimation is a bivariate probit model. The results show that delivery at private hospitals increases the probability of cesarean section births, thus there is need to monitor private hospitals so that expectant mothers are protected from physician induced demand for avoidable cesarean section births. The final essay studies the impact of agricultural extension services on household food consumption in Uganda. The study exploits the variation in participation in the NAADS to estimate the impact of the program on household food consumption. I find that NAADS membership and training are associated with an increase in household food consumption, hence agricultural extension services can be used to reduce food insecurity. Policy recommendations and future studies are explored.
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Akin, Ilina V. "Measurement Of The Cross Section Ratio Chi-c2/chi-c1 For Prompt Chi-c Production With Cms Experiment." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614979/index.pdf.
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The prompt production of &chi<br>c quarkonia is studied in proton-proton collisions at 7 TeV, using
data collected by CMS in 2011 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb
&minus<br>1. The
&chi<br>c mesons are reconstructed through their radiative decays to J/&psi<br>and photon with J/&psi<br>&rarr<br>&mu<br>+&mu<br>&minus<br>. The photons are reconstructed through their conversion in electron-positron pairs in
the tracking detector which gives a mass resolution sufficient for resolving these states. The
ratio of the prompt production cross sections for the &chi<br>c1 and &chi<br>c2 states, &sigma<br>(&chi<br>c2)/&sigma<br>(&chi<br>c1), has
been determined as a function of the J/&psi<br>transverse momentum between 7 and 25 GeV/c.
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Geldenhuys, Bernard, and Schalkwyk Linda Van. "An analysis of Section 80A(C)(ii) of the Income Tax Act no. 58 of 1962 as amended." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/15520.
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Thesis (MAcc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In November 2006 section 103(1) of the Act was abolished and replaced by a
new Part IIA, containing sections 80A to 80L, which targets impermissible tax
avoidance arrangements. Section 80A(c)(ii) introduced a new concept to the
South African tax law: a misuse or abuse of the provisions of the Act,
including Part IIA thereof.
The objective of this study was to establish the origin, meaning, application
and effect of section 80A(c)(ii) of the Act. The evolution of section 80A(c)(ii)
was therefore examined where after the enacted version was analyzed. It
was essential to determine the origin of section 80A(c)(ii) in order to establish
some point of reference from which inferences could be drawn as to the
possible application and effect thereof. Case law, practice statements and
articles relating to its proposed root was then examined.
A ‘misuse or abuse’ of a provision, it was found, implies, frustrating or
exploiting the purpose of the provision. This contention was confirmed by
existing Canadian precedent. Such an interpretation, however, has a strong
resemblance to the words in which the draft version of section 80A(c)(ii) was
couched. It is therefore in contrast to the presumption that different words (in
the enacted version) imply a different meaning. The precise meaning of the
words ‘misuse or abuse’ is thus still elusive.
It was established that section 80A(c)(ii) has its roots in section 245 of the
Canadian Act. Section 245(4) was regarded as an effective comparative to
section 80A(c)(ii) as it also contained a so-called misuse or abuse rule. The
application of this rule in the Canadian tax environment required the following
process:
- Interpret (contextually and purposively) the provisions relied on by the
taxpayer, to determine their object, spirit and purpose.
- Determine whether the transaction frustrates or defeats the object, spirit or
purpose of the provisions.
Section 245(4) had the effect of reviving the modern approach (a contextual
and/or purposive theory) to the interpretation of statutes in Canada.
Reference to the ‘spirit’ of a provision (above) was found not to extend the
modern approach to statutory interpretation: it does not require of the court to
look for some inner and spiritual meaning within the legislation. As section
245(4) was regarded as an effective comparative to section 80A(c)(ii) it was
contented that it would have a similar effect, than that of its Canadian
counterpart, on the approach to statutory interpretation in South Africa.
However, it was established that a modern approach to statutory
interpretation was already authoritative in South Africa. This finding led the
author to the conclusion that section 80A(c)(ii) could at best only reinforce the
case for applying such an approach. Such a purpose for section 80A(c)(ii)
was however found to be void in the light of the Constitution of the Republic of
South Africa, which was enacted in 1996, and provides a sovereign authority
for the application of the modern approach.
It was also found that the practical burden of showing that there was a
‘misuse or abuse of the provisions of this Act (including the provisions of this
Part)’ will rest on the shoulders of the Commissioner, notwithstanding section
82 of the Act.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Artikel 103(1) van die Inkomstebelastingwet is herroep in November 2006 en
vervang deur Deel IIA, bestaande uit artikels 80A tot 80L, wat daarop gemik is
om ontoelaatbare belastingvermydingsreëlings te teiken. Artikel 80A(c)(ii) het
‘n nuwe konsep in die Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomstebelastingreg ingebring: ‘n
misbruik of ‘n wangebruik van die bepalings van die Wet, insluitende Deel IIA.
Die doel van hierdie studie was om die oorsprong, betekenis, toepassing en
uitwerking van artikel 80A(c)(ii) vas te stel. Die ontwikkeling van artikel
80A(c)(ii) is daarom ondersoek waarna die verordende weergawe daarvan
geanaliseer is. ‘n Sleutelaspek van die analise was om die oorsprong van
artikel 80A(c)(ii) vas te stel. Hierdie oefening het ‘n verwysbare bron
daargestel waarvan afleidings rondom die moontlike toepassing en uitwerking
van artikel 80A(c)(ii) gemaak kon word. Hofsake, praktyknotas en artikels
rakende die voorgestelde oorsprong is vervolgens ondersoek.
Daar is vasgestel dat ‘n ‘misbruik of wangebruik’ van ‘n bepaling neerkom op
die frustering of uitbuiting van die doel van ‘n bepaling. Hierdie bewering is
bevestig deur bestaande Kanadese presedent. So ‘n interpretasie is egter
soortgelyk aan die woorde waarin die konsepweergawe van artikel 80A(c)(ii)
uitgedruk is. Dit is daarom in teenstelling met die vermoede dat ‘n wysiging
van die woorde (in die verordende weergawe) ‘n gewysigde betekenis
impliseer. Die presiese betekenis van die woorde ‘misbruik of wangebruik’ is
dus steeds ontwykend.
Daar is bevind dat artikel 80A(c)(ii) waarskynlik sy ontstaan in artikel 245 van
die Kanadese Inkomstebelastingwet gehad het. Artikel 245(4) van die
Kanadese Inkomstebelastingwet is beskou as ‘n effektiewe vergelykende
artikel vir artikel 80A(c)(ii), aangesien dit ook oor ‘n sogenaamde misbruik of
wangebruik reël beskik. Die toepassing van hierdie reël in die Kanadese
belastingmilieu vereis die volgende werkswyse:
- Interpreteer (kontekstueel en doeldienend) die bepalings waarop die
belastingpligtige steun, ten einde die oogmerk, gees en doel daarvan vas
te stel.
- Bepaal of die transaksie, deur die belastingpligtige aangegaan, die
oogmerk, gees of doel van die bepalings frustreer.
Artikel 245(4) het aanleiding gegee tot die herstel van die moderne
benadering (‘n kontekstuele en/of doeldienende teorie) tot die interpretasie
van wetgewing in Kanada. Daar is bevind dat die verwysing na die ‘gees’ van
‘n bepaling (hierbo) nie aanleiding gee tot die uitbreiding van die moderne
benadering tot wetsuitleg nie: dit vereis nie dat die hof moet soek na die
innerlike of geestelike betekenis van die wetgewing nie. Aangesien artikel
245(4) as ‘n effektiewe vergelykende artikel vir artikel 80A(c)(ii) beskou is, is
daar aangeneem dat dit ‘n soortgelyke uitwerking, as sy Kanadese eweknie,
op wetsuitleg in Suid Afrika sal hê.
By nadere ondersoek is daar egter bevind dat ‘n moderne benadering tot
wetsuitleg alreeds gesaghebbend in Suid Afrika is. Hierdie bevinding het die
skrywer tot die gevolgtrekking gebring dat artikel 80A(c)(ii), in beginsel, slegs
die saak vir die moderne benadering tot wetsuitleg in Suid Afrika sal versterk.
Indien hierdie die doel is wat die wetgewer gehad het met die verordening van
artikel 80A(c)(ii), sal dit egter niksseggend wees in die lig van die Grondwet
van die Republiek van Suid Afrika, wat verorden is in 1996, en ‘n
oppermagtige gesag bied vir die moderne benadering tot wetsuitleg.
Daar is ook vasgestel dat die onus op die Kommissaris rus om te bewys dat
daar ‘n ‘misbruik of wangebruik van die bepalings van hierdie Wet (waarby
ingesluit die bepalings van hierdie Deel)’ was, ondanks artikel 82 van die Wet.
19
Nazir, Saman. "Cesarean Section Delivery and Exclusive Breastfeeding in Pakistan: Emerging Challenges." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538712/.
Full textAbstract:
This research examined two interrelated issues relevant to maternal and neonatal health in Pakistan, namely, the rising rates of C-section delivery and low rates of exclusive breastfeeding. By using the Andersen's health behavioral model to frame two empirical studies, the data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2012-13 was used. The first empirical study examined the correlation between place of delivery and the odds of cesarean section in Pakistan. Not all Pakistani women have an equal chance of delivering at a health facility where C-section delivery takes place; therefore, the study modeled mode of delivery as a two-step process. In the first step, place of delivery was a function of medical indications and various sociodemographic and community factors. Women who delivered at a health facility were included in the second step, where C-section was a function of medical indications and type of facility (private, public). It is found that women who delivered at a private health facility were more likely to have a C-section, even after controlling for the effects of medical/clinical factors, which is concerning. Findings suggest that the private maternal health sector in Pakistan may be over-medicalizing childbirth. The second study examined this paradox of low exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan, taking into account not only individual-level characteristics of the child and parents, but also place and mode of delivery, sociocultural factors, and community composition. The sample consisted of 1,044 children 0-5 months old, currently living with their mothers. Binary logistic regressions of exclusive and predominant breastfeeding found women who delivered vaginally, whether at home or health care facility were more likely than mothers who delivered via C-section to predominantly breastfeed their infant, and that mothers who delivered vaginally at a health care facility were more likely than their peers who delivered via C-section to exclusively breastfeed their infants. Collectively, the findings of both empirical studies suggest that private maternal health care services in Pakistan may be facilitating medically unnecessary C-sections, either for profit making or time management. An extended and integrated policy regarding medically unnecessary C-section delivery and low rates of exclusive breastfeeding is needed in Pakistan to address both issues together effectively.
20
Barros, Maria da Luz Ferreira. "Expectativas, decisão e vivências no parto por cesariana: estudo qualitativo na região Alentejo." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16841.
Full textAbstract:
A singularidade da experiência de parto dita necessidades e ambições de caráter
subjetivo e por isso complexo. Nem sempre ocorre de forma natural, verificando-se
atualmente um aumento das taxas de cesariana na maioria dos países
desenvolvidos com implicações no aumento da morbilidade materna e encargos
financeiros em saúde. Tornou-se imperativo compreender como se constroem as
expectativas para o parto e a forma como ele é vivido quando ocorre por cesariana.
Realizou-se um estudo de natureza indutiva na região Alentejo, recorrendo à
Grounded Theory. Participaram 14 puérperas e 10 enfermeiras especialistas em
enfermagem de saúde materna e obstetrícia a quem foram feitas entrevistas
semiestruturadas. De acordo com a teoria emergente, algumas das expectativas
para o parto vão sofrendo construção e desconstrução de acordo com as
circunstâncias ocorridas ainda durante a gravidez ou durante o trabalho de parto
estando também dependentes da decisão médica. Da relação entre as categorias,
tornaram-se percetíveis constructos fruto dos pensamentos formados e que se
conceptualizavam. Emergiram três constructos essenciais que explicam a essência
das expectativas e a vivência no contexto do parto por cesariana. O primeiro,
“Edificação e relevância das expectativas para o parto”, refere a forma como as
mulheres criam as expectativas e qual a sua importância, o segundo, “Vivências na
experiência de parto por cesariana”, refere os pontos relativos ao modo como é
vivida a experiência de parto por cesariana quer de forma programada quer de forma
não programada. A experiência de trabalho de parto e a recuperação pós cirúrgica
são o maior desafio nesta vivência. O terceiro e último, “Fundamentos para o parto
cirúrgico”, refere o conjunto de condições determinantes na condução do parto por
cesariana na região Alentejo. A partir dos vários tipos de codificação, destacou-se
como categoria central, “Soberania e liderança na decisão”; ABSTRACT:
Expectations, Decisions and experiences in the birth by C-section
“Qualitative study in Alentejo’s Regions
The singularity of the birth experience dictates the needs and the ambitions of
subjective character and, therefore, complex. It not always occurs naturally, it is
currently checking an increase in caesarean section rates in most developed
countries, with implications for the increase in maternal morbidity and financial
burden on health. It became imperative to understand how expectations are built for
labour and for the way it is experienced when it occurs by C-section. It was
conducted a study of inductive nature in the region of Alentejo using the grounded
theory. In it there were involved 14 puerperal women and 10 specialized nurses in
obstetrics and maternal health nursing, to whom semi-structured interviews.
According to the emerging theory, some of the expectations for delivery are
undergoing construction and deconstruction according to the circumstances, which
have occurred during pregnancy or during labor and is dependent on the medical
decision. The relation between the categories become noticeable result of the
constructs formed thoughts and who conceptualized. They emerged three main
constructs that explain the essence of expectations and experience in the context of
labor by C-section. The first, "Building and relevance of expectations for delivery,"
refers to how women create expectations and what is its importance, the second,
"Experiences in the birth experience by C- section," says the points concerning the
way it is experienced the birth experience by caesarean section either
programmatically or unscheduled basis. The labor experience and post-surgical
recovery are the biggest challenge in this experience. The third and last, "Grounds
for operative delivery," the set of determining factors for cesarean delivery in driving
the Alentejo region. From the various types of coding, it stood out as a central
category, "Sovereignty and leadership in the decision".
21
Fabian, Lena Marie. "Decreasing the Primary Cesarean Delivery Rate." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6721.
Full textAbstract:
Cesarean delivery is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in the United States with 1 in 3 women giving birth by cesarean section. Nurses play a significant role during the labor and delivery process; yet in a hospital in west Texas, nurses lacked knowledge of the current evidence-based obstetric guidelines that were developed to reduce the primary cesarean delivery rates and associated complications. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the content of educational materials developed to inform obstetrical nurses and midwives about labor support strategies to avoid cesarean delivery. Guided by Knowles's whole-part-whole model, a presentation was developed that included evidence-based guidelines and labor-support strategies for positioning and pain management to decrease the choice of cesarean section when not indicated. A 9-member panel with at least 5 years obstetrical expertise evaluated the materials. Based on a descriptive analysis of questionnaire data, experts had a 100% level of agreement that while the educational program material had the potential to promote nursing care practices that would decrease the number of primary cesarean deliveries, changing clinical delivery practices would likely be met with staff resistance. An evidence-based educational program with preventive strategies to decrease primary cesarean deliveries might produce positive social change by prompting obstetric teams to choose these preferred alternatives to avoid to cesarean delivery, and subsequently, decrease associated complication rates, promote faster maternal recovery after childbirth, and decrease the financial burden on the health care system.
22
Mazinyo, Sonwabo Perez. "Community participation in solid waste management in high-density low-income areas: the case of C-Section in Duncan Village." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/261.
Full textAbstract:
Solid waste management in high density low-income areas is a problem that manifests itself in ubiquitous illegal dumpsites and unhealthy living environmental conditions. Community participation in solid waste management in Duncan Village, C-Section has been found to be part of the solution to this problem. This study investigates community participation in SWM at household level, community waste project level and at informal salvaging/scavenging level. The integration of community participation into existing Buffalo City Municipality waste management plans and the nature of the relationship between the different interest groups are investigated. This study employs qualitative research methods where interviews and participatory observations are used to investigate key objectives. The nature of the relationships between councillors, C-Section residents and the Buffalo City Municipality Departments are tenuous and fraught with conflicts. These conflicts emerge due to the lack of communication as well as due to the non-integration of the community interest groups‟ views and activities into solid waste management in C-Section. The study suggests that this lack of communication should be addressed and that integrated participation of all stakeholders must be encouraged for effective solid waste management in a high density low-income community.
23
November, Jerome. "The Role of provinces in the use of interventions in terms of Section 139(1)(A)-(C) of the constitution." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4784.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Legum - LLM<br>The fragmented approach of provinces in the use of legislation and policies, coupled with the uncertainty of key terms in the context of section 139(1) of the Constitution, have resulted in provincial executives not being consistent or not always complying with the use of the steps necessary for interventions in terms of section 139(1) of the Constitution. In order to assess the impact of the fragmented approach and uncertainties on how provincial executives apply the above mentioned steps, this study answers eight questions designed to test the way in
which provincial executives applied the aforementioned steps and the effectiveness of the use of aforementioned interventions. The assessment is based on the tallies from the answers to the eight questions, and the grouping of these answers in accordance with the tallies. Each of the three main groups characterises how the relevant provincial executives applied the steps necessary for the use of interventions in terms of section 139(1) of the Constitution for the last five years. The fourth group assesses the effectiveness of such interventions. The answers
are derived from the data relating to the notices to the Minister and NCOP, and
complemented by the progress reports from the Minister and NCOP. The findings of the four groupings are as follows: the first group presented the steps which present no difficulty in terms of compliance; the second group presented the steps which provincial executives mostly complied with but which at times present some difficulty; and the third group presented those steps which are problematic. The fourth group determined that the effectiveness of the role of provinces in the use of interventions in terms of section 139(1) of the Constitution is questionable due to the repetition and duration of a number of interventions. In order to address the issue of non-compliance by provincial executives with the steps necessary for the use of interventions, the study recommends the drafting of legislation and formulation of clear policy guidelines which will ensure a consistent, coherent
and uniform approach when invoking interventions.
24
Galhaut, Bastien. "Etude de la mesure de la section efficace de la réaction 16O(n,alpha)¹³C du seuil à 10 MeV." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC231/document.
Full textAbstract:
SCALP (Scintillating ionization Chamber for ALpha particle production in neutron induced reactions) est un dispositif expérimental conçu pour la mesure de la section efficace de la réaction O-16(n,alpha)C-13. Cette réaction fait partie de la HPRL (High Priority Request List) de la NEA. Elle est très importante pour la physique des réacteurs car la production d'hélium a des conséquences sur le fonctionnement des réacteurs électrogènes à neutrons thermiques et neutrons rapides.Les simulations Monte Carlo effectuées avec Geant4 montrent que le dispositif conçu (une chambre d'ionisation scintillante entourée de quatre photo-multiplicateurs) est apte à la mesure de la section efficace. Les sections efficaces des réactions O-16(n,alpha)C-13 et F-19(n,alpha)N-16 (réaction nucléaire étudiée pour la normalisation en section efficace) entre le seuil en énergie et 10MeV peuvent être mesurées expérimentalement avec une erreur relative minimale de 15%.Toutefois, il faudra en améliorer les performances pour obtenir de plus faibles incertitudes comme requis par la NEA : une mesure de la section efficace de la réaction O-16(n,alpha)C-13 avec une précision inférieure à 10%<br>SCALP (Scintillating ionization Chamber for ALpha particle production in neutron induced reactions) is an experimental device conceived to measure the cross section of the n-induced reaction on oxygène O-16(n,alpha)C-13. This latter reaction belongs to the HPRL (High Priority Request List) NEA list and is relevant in reactor physics because of the helium production affecting important fast and thermal neutron reactor's parameters.The Monte Carlo simulations with Geant4 showed that the device (a scintillating ionization chamber surrounded by four photomultipliers tubes) can measure and discriminate the different reactions inside the scintillating ion chamber. Cross section of O-16(n,alpha)C-13 and F-19(n,alpha)N-16 (used for cross section normalisation) reactions between the energy threshold and 10MeV could be experimentally measured with a 15% relative accuracy. However some improvement will be necessary to obtain lower uncertainties as requested by the NEA : O-16(n,alpha)C-13 cross section measurement with a accuracy better than 10%
25
Ebrahim, Suleiman. "The constitutionality of section 60 (11B)(c) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1997 where an applicant for bail relies on a weak state's case during a section 60(11)(a) application." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65645.
Full textAbstract:
In South Africa, as in most jurisdictions which profess to be based on an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom, the right against compelled self-incrimination is a guaranteed Constitutional right. This study is prompted by the realization that the right against self-incrimination is being undermined and eroded by an aspect of South Africa’s bail laws. The current study addresses the constitutional validity of section 60(11B)(c) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 in so far as it allows for the admission of incriminating evidence at trial, in contravention of the accused’s right against self-incrimination, which incriminatory evidence was tendered by the applicant during a bail application in circumstances where the applicant was compelled to prove that he would be acquitted at trial where reliance is placed on a weak State’s case in proving exceptional circumstances in compliance with section 60(11)(a) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977. Whilst section 60(11B)(c) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 is undoubtedly aimed at combatting crime, the pre-occupation with crime control measures threatens to undermine individual liberty and poses a threat to our Constitutional project of building a human rights culture. I advance an argument which supports the view that section 60(11B)(c) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 is unconstitutional, in the above context, in that it infringes upon the accused’s right against compelled self-incrimination at trial and does not amount to a justifiable limitation on the rights of an accused in an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom. I also advance an alternative legal remedy aimed at fulfilling the initial mischief which Section 60(11B)(c) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 was designed to prevent in order to bring the section in line with the Constitution and a rights-based society.<br>Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.<br>Procedural Law<br>LLM<br>Unrestricted
26
Kênia, Míriam. "O nascimento biopolítico: convocações dos dispositivos de mídia em prol da cesariana e do medo do parto." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19112.
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Previous issue date: 2016-06-28<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>The Research investigates the biopolitic convocations around child birth methods, C-section and normal birth, in the media, in relationship websites, social media and in the communication within the maternity centers. The speeches and narratives are built around fear and support the paradox: normal and safe to do is a C-section; strange and risky is the normal birth. This media strategy, considered a device in the Focault and Agamben concept, more than fulfill the position of spreading the word and legitimating the biopolitic speech, but is also responsible for building this model. The bio politic guidelines around childbirth are anchored in the control of the body and in bio economics, according to Nikolas Rose. By taking the woman from the scene and outsourcing the protagonist of child birth to the doctor, this assistance model makes the female body more controllable and productive. After all, the current biopolitic is focused in the increasing capacities to control, manage, plan, and remodeled the vital capacities. And how to do that? The media, with its convocations, teaches. It is also attempted to investigate, by means of Bodymedia theory, the changes in the body immersed in the C-section environment, that passes through cognitive changes and causes several other modifications in the environment<br>A pesquisa investiga as convocações biopolíticas em torno da via de nascimento, parto e cesariana, na imprensa, nos sites de relacionamento, nas redes sociais e na comunicação das maternidades. Os discursos e narrativas são construídos em torno do medo e sustentam o paradoxo: Normal e seguro é fazer cesariana. Estranho e arriscado é o parto. Essas mídias, consideradas dispositivos, no conceito de Foucault e Agamben, mais do que assumirem o papel de propagarem e legitimarem o discurso biopolítico em prol da cesariana, fazem parte da construção desse modelo. As diretrizes biopolíticas em torno do nascimento são ancoradas no controle do corpo e na bioeconomia, de acordo com Nikolas Rose. Ao tirar a mulher de cena e terceirizar o protagonismo do nascimento para o médico, esse modelo de assistência tonar o corpo feminino mais controlado e produtivo. Afinal, a biopolítica atual está focada nas crescentes capacidades de controlar, administrar, projetar e remodelar as próprias capacidades vitais. E como fazer isso? A mídia, com as suas convocações, ensina. Busca-se também investigar, por meio da teoria corpomídia, as mudanças no corpo imerso nesse ambiente cesarista, que passar por mudanças cognitivas e provoca outras tantas nesse ambiente
27
Dzhygadlo, Roman [Verfasser]. "Differential Cross Section Distributions and Polarization Observables in the Reaction p⃗p →pK0Σ+ at p⃗p = 2.95 GeV/c [[Elektronische Ressource]] / Roman Dzhygadlo". Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1044846879/34.
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28
Vasquez, Alexandria. "Choosing Surgical Birth: Personal Choice and Medical Jurisdiction." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2751.
Full textAbstract:
This is an exploratory study of women’s childbearing decisions and outcomes in non-medically indicated cesarean section childbirths (CS). Focusing on the structure-agency dichotomy, the research is guided by Anthony Giddens’ theory of structuration used in the context of the medicalization framework in order to analyze elements of personal choice and medical jurisdiction in childbearing methods. Quantitative analysis of secondary data and a thematic content analysis of Internet forums are conducted in order to analyze women’s perceptions of autonomy and constraint in their childbearing decisions and outcomes. The findings suggest that the polarization between second- and third wave feminist critiques on medical intervention in childbirth, and between structure and agency, impede our understanding of the complex phenomenon. Applying structuration theory to the medicalization framework helps to work through this polarization, further lending support to third-way feminism.
29
De, Caires Anthony Ralph. "Examining the interplay between dismissals for operational requirements and automatically unfair dismissals in terms of section 187(1)(c) of the LRA." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5293.
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30
Goretzky, Kai-Michael. "Die Leistungspflicht des Versicherers nach [section] 158 c VVG : eine Studie zum Leitbild des Geschädigtenschutzes nach der dritten Schadenrichtlinie unter Berücksichtigung englischen Haftpflichtversicherungsrechts /." Karlsruhe : VVW, 1998. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=008259375&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Smit, Corlee. "Aspects of drug usage in a section of the private health care sector of South Africa : A managed health care approach / C. Smit." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4175.
Full textAbstract:
Background: According to the Council of Medical Schemes of South Africa (CMS, 2007:52), nearly seventeen percent of the total benefits paid during 2006 were for medicine. Medicine is thus a cost-driving contributor to total healthcare financing. There are various factors influencing and driving medicine usage and cost patterns, including inter alia provider preference, therapeutic committees, marketing and cost.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the top twenty trade name products
according to total cost and prevalence in a section of the private health care sector of South Africa, and to identify cost driving products.
Methodology: A quantitative, retrospective drug utilisation review (DUR) study was performed on computerised medication records (medicine claims data) for two consecutive years (i.e. 2005 and 2006) that were obtained from a South African pharmaceutical benefit management company (PBM). The study population consisted of 1 218358 and 1 259 099 patients for 2005 and 2006 respectively. A total of 19 860 679 and 21 473017 medicine items that were claimed during 2005 and 2006 were included in the review.
Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data, and were analysed using the Statistical
Analysis System® SAS 9.1® programme. The cost prevalence index (CPI), developed by Serfontein (1989:180), was used as an indicator of the relative expensiveness of medicine. Resource- and activity driver products (cost driving products) were identified on the database by calculating the total cost of the product, the CPI of the product as well as the prevalence of the product. Variables for analysis included age, gender, prescriber and provider types.
Resurts and discussion: A total number of 8 522 574 and 9 046 138 prescriptions were analysed, with an average of 2.33 ± 1.56 and 2.37 ± 1.58 items per prescription during 2005 and 2006 respectively. The average cost per prescription for the total database was R222.16 ± R463.13 for 2005 and R226.25 ± R557.49 for 2006. Members had to co-pay an average of
R26.33 ± R102.70 per prescription in 2005 compared to R29.74 ± R103.96 per prescription in
2006. Children under the age of nine accounted for approximately 13% of the total study population, the adolescent age group < 9 and ≥ 19 years) represented 12%, age group three < 19 and ≥ 45 years) represented 38%, age group four < 45 and ≥ 59 years) represented 21% and the geriatric age group (patients older than 59 years) represented 16% of the total study population on the database. About 44% of the study population were male compared to 56% female patients. The top twenty trade name products ranked according to total cost represented about 13% (N=R1 893376 921.00 and N=R2 046 944382.50 in 2005 and 2006 respectively) of the overall medicine cost. The top five trade name products according to total cost for 2005 in descending order were Upitor 1 Omg and 20mg, Fosamax 70mg, Celebrex 200mg and Prexum 4mg. During 2006 the top five trade name products were similar except for Cipralex 10mg in the place of Celebrex 200mg. The CPls for all these products were above one; these products were also all activity drivers. The top twenty trade name products ranked according to prevalence represented about 11% (N=19 860679 and N=21 473074) of the total medicine prevalence for both study periods. The top five trade name products according to prevalence for both years contained Eltroxin 100mcg, Ecotrin 81 mg, Upitor 10mg and Alcophyllex syrup, with Myprodol capsules in 2005 and Mybulen tablets in 2006. Upitor 1 Omg was the only cost driver product in this list. General medical practitioners prescribed the largest quantity of medicine items and represented about 73% of all the medicine items on the database. The medicine prescribed by general medical prescribers accounted for 65% of the overall medicine expenditure on the database. Pharmacies can be seen as the main providers of medicine items. Pharmacies provided approximately 80% of the medicine items and represented over 91% of the total medicine expenditure. Cardiovascular agents were the main pharmacological group that represented the greatest percentage of the total medicine cost, about 19% in both study years. Cardiovascular agents were also positioned 1st according to prevalence and represented about 14% of the overall medicine prevalence in both the study periods.
Conclusions and recommendations: Cost driver products can be seen as the products that
drives medicine expenditure in the managed health care environment, thus driving the total cost of medicine treatment in the private health care sector of South Africa. Through the
implementation of managed health care information- and management instruments medicine
expenditure can be reduced. Recommendations for future research have been made.<br>Thesis (M. Pharm. (Pharmacy Practice))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
32
James, Ncumisa Portia. "The relationship between an automatically unfair dismissal in terms of section 187(1)(c) of the labour relations act and a dismissal for operational reasons." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1034.
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Common law does recognise the concept of dismissal based on operational requirements. It recognises dismissals that are based on breach of expressed or implied terms of contract of employment. The concept of operational requirements has its roots in the Labour Relations Act 28 of 1956. This Act recognised termination of employment of a number of employees due to ability, capacity, productivity, conduct and operational requirements and needs of undertaking industry trade or occupation of the employer as legitimate. Under the 1956 LRA, employers were allowed to dismiss employees if employees refused to accept the proposed change to conditions of employment. The dismissal is called lock-out dismissal. This kind of dismissal entitled employers to dismiss employees on condition that the dismissal was temporary and the workers would be re-employed when they agree to the demands of the employer. After the contract of employment was terminated between the employer and employees, the employer was allowed to implement the changes using scab labour. The 1995 Labour Relations Act introduced section 187(1)(c) that was intended to re-enforce the abolishing of the lock-out dismissal. This section strictly forbids the dismissal of employees in order to compel them to accept demands of the employer in matters of mutual interest. Such dismissals are regarded as automatically unfair. In terms of section 64(4) of the 1995 LRA employers are not permitted to unilaterally effect changes to employees’ terms and conditions of employment. They are required to seek and obtain consent of the affected employees. If employees refuse to accept the proposed changes, the employer can use lock-out as defence. Firstly, the employer can initiate lock-out until employees accede to its demand. Secondly, the employer can lock-out employees in response to the notice of strike or strike of the employees. The employer can use scab labour during this lock-out period. Unlike the lock-out dismissal, lock-out under the 1995 LRA does not include termination of contract of employment. iv In contrast, employers are allowed to dismiss employees who refuse to agree to change to their terms and conditions of employment on the ground of operational requirements provided a fair procedure is followed. This reason for dismissal is not viewed by the courts as a dismissal to induce employees to accept the demand of the employer. The question that this study seeks to examine is the relationship between automatic unfair dismissal in terms of section 187(1)(c) of the Labour Relations Act and dismissal for operational requirements. A dispute between the employer and employees regarding change to terms and conditions of employment is a mutual interest dispute; and it therefore falls under collective bargaining. The same dispute can easily fall to rights dispute, because the reason for the proposed change to the production system and demand to the pursuit of improved efficiency and better achievement of profit objective related to operational requirement. There is obvious overlap between operational requirements and wage work bargaining. In Schoeman v Samsung Electronics, the court held that the employer is entitled to run its business in a prosperous way and this may entail affecting changes to terms and conditions of employment when the market forces demand so. In Mwasa v Independent Newspapers, the court held that change to terms and conditions of service of an employee can be proposed as a way to avoid retrenchment; dismissal of employees for refusing to accept the change is not covered by section 187(1)(c). In Fry’s Metals v Numsa, the court has rejected the notion that there is tension between section 187(1)(c) and section 188(1)(a)(ii). The court held that section 186(1) refers to dismissal or termination of workforce with the intention to end the employment contract and replacing the workforce with employees that are prepared to accept terms and conditions of employment that suit the employer’s operational requirements. The court argued further that the meaning of dismissal should be a v starting point when one wants to dispute the two sections. On the other hand, section 187(1)(c) was effected with a certain purpose, which is to prohibit the employer from dismissing employees in order to compel them to accept its demand in dispute of mutual interest. The court held that the dismissal in this case was final. The employer dismissed its employees because it did not need them anymore. This dismissal is in accordance with section 186(1). The court rejected that operational requirements is confirmed to saving business from bankruptcy. The court argued that the principle includes measures calculated to increase efficiency and profitability. The employer can dismiss and make more profit.
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Ozbolt, Jean. "Etude des difficultés des étudiants de section de brevet de technicien supérieur en informatique industrielle dans l'apprentissage de la programmation en utilisant le langage C." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070016.
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Le processus d'apprentissage de la programmation faisant appel a des << savoir-faire >>, pour l'étudier, il faut collecter toutes les étapes du travail des étudiants et pas seulement le résultat final. Nous avons donc décidé de collecter leurs travaux a l'aide d'un outil logiciel, que nous avons créé, ayant comme principale caractéristique d'enregistrer en << temps réel >> toutes les actions effectuées. L'outil est un épiphyte a l'éditeur de texte, il enregistre, les dates de début et de fin de session, les commandes utilisées, l'état d'avancement du travail, etc. Ainsi, il est possible de reconstituer pas à pas le cheminement de l'étudiant lors d'une session de travaux pratiques. Il est aussi possible d'isoler les parties des travaux ou les étudiants éprouvent des difficultés. Comme il n'est pas question de mener une étude exhaustive, nous avons développe les deux points suivants : 1. Analyse statistique et factorielle de commandes d'édition spécifiques comparativement au niveau en programmation ; 2. Mise en place d'un répertoire des erreurs selon une typologie faisant intervenir :. Les erreurs associées a la phase d'apprentissage de la programmation,. Les erreurs provoquées par l'utilisation du langage C,. Les erreurs de programmation. Ce répertoire des erreurs a été établi grâce a l'étude et a l'analyse du cheminement des étudiants sur un ensemble d'exercices généraux, mais une attention particulière a été apportée a l'écriture des structures itératives (condition d'arrêt, corps de la structure). Ce travail se divise en deux parties. La première partie fait le point sur certains aspects théoriques de la didactique de l'informatique et sur la pédagogie de l'erreur. La deuxième partie est l'expérimentation aboutissant, entre autres, a la mise en œuvre du répertoire des erreurs.
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Marble, Daniel Keith. "Fluorine K-Shell X-Ray Cross Section Measurements for ⁷Li, ¹⁰B, ¹²C, ¹⁴N, and ¹⁶O Ions on Ultra-Clean, Ultra-Thin Yf₃ Solid Target Foils." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332734/.
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In this study, procedures were developed to produce ultra-clean, ultra-thin target foils and to remove x-ray interference from electron bremsstrahlung and low energy K-shell x-rays from contaminant elements.
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Langenhoven, Allenda Glynn. "Does the South African GAAR criteria of the "misuse or abuse" of a provision included in Section 80A(c)(ii) of the Income Tax Act add any value?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22857.
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Tax planning, where taxpayers arrange their affairs so as to minimize the resulting tax liability, has evolved over the last couple of decades as a result of the change in the way business is conducted by virtue of globalisation and the development in technology. It appears to have become more and more aggressive as taxpayers have the opportunity to access tax benefits not only through utilising loopholes in domestic legislation, but also through international tax loopholes. Revenue Authorities have to respond to this by employing mitigating anti-avoidance mechanisms. One such mechanism employed in South Africa ("SA") is the use of General anti-avoidance Rules ("GAAR") found in s80A-L of the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 ("ITA"). To combat certain shortcomings in this GAAR's predecessor and to stay abreast of international trends, for the first time ever, a Statutory Purpose Element has been included in GAAR. This Statutory Purpose Element, as included in s80A(c)(ii) of the ITA, evaluates the misuse or abuse of the provisions of the ITA as a means to identify impermissible tax avoidance arrangements. Essentially, this calls for the application of the modern approach to statutory interpretation, where the purpose and context of the provisions of the ITA are first identified, before the misuse or abuse of these provisions can be proven. This study evaluates whether the inclusion of this Statutory Purpose Element in GAAR, adds any value or provides any additional powers to SARS when applying GAAR, especially in light of s39(2) included in the Bill of Rights of the Constitution, of 1996, ("Constitution"). The Constitution, the supreme law in SA, already calls for the modern approach to be applied to any statutory interpretation and the findings of this study indicate that s80A(c)(ii) appears to be completely superfluous as it does not award any additional powers to SARS, which were not already granted by the Constitution. If anything, s80A(c)(ii) broadens the scope of GAAR to such an extent, that it most likely will only cause further confusion for taxpayers wanting to engage in tax planning.
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Jin, Daming. "Off line computer analysis of total cross section for proton nucleus collisions at 400 Gev/C proton beam energy on a VAX system and conversion to a Z-386 PC system." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834638.
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A large MULANA based analysis package, written in FORTRAN, for computing the cross section for proton - nucleus collisions at 400 GeV/c momentum from data taken in experiment E609 at FNAL, was implemented on a Z-386, 16 MHz microcomputer workstation featuring an 80 Mbyte hard drive, and a three Gbyte 8-mm Exebyte tape drive, based in the Ball State High Energy Physics Laboratory, in a feasibility study of conducting such analysis on a workstation as a viable alternative and/or adjunct to the Ball State University VAX system. One of 40 large 1600 bpi 9-track data tapes from Experiment 609 provided the data file for the computation. The analysis package was first run on the VAX system. Special problems solved in connection with using the software package included converting the large data file to a suitable form for use at the workstation, transporting that file from the VAX to the workstation, modifying the VAX FORTRAN software package for implementation in the OS/2 workstation operating system environment, and graphical exposition of the results. With the results of conducting the analysis on the VAX system serving as a benchmark, it was determined first that the quantitative analysis results were identical, second, that computing times were similar, and third that the workstation provided unique conveniences. Overall, the results showed that the workstation is a reasonable alternative to using the VAX for High Energy Physics analysis work but also suggest the attractiveness of using similar but faster workstations in the near future.<br>Department of Physics and Astronomy
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Makino, Seiji. "Measurements of the Double-Spin Asymmetry A[LL] and the Invariant Double-Differental Cross Section for Inclusive Multi-γ Pair Production with 200GeV/c Polarized Proton Beam and Polarized Proton Target". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/160893.
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本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである<br>Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(理学)<br>甲第5897号<br>理博第1604号<br>新制||理||893(附属図書館)<br>UT51-95-D216<br>京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学第二専攻<br>(主査)教授 政池 明, 教授 今井 憲一, 教授 笹尾 登<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Beirigo, Priscila Fabiane dos Santos. "Dosagens de melatonina e de citocinas de acordo com a via de parto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-07032012-151537/.
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Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e de melatonina no cordão umbilical e no sangue materno de gestantes hígidas de acordo com a via de parto. Métodos: Entre março e setembro de 2010, foi realizado estudo observacional prospectivo no Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram dosadas citocinas (IL-1, IL-6, TNF) e melatonina em pacientes sem doenças clínicas ou complicações obstétricas que entraram em trabalho de parto espontâneo. As concentrações de citocinas e de melatonina foram comparadas de acordo com a via de parto, além do período do dia e do local de coleta. O sangue retirado da veia do cordão umbilical (VCU) era obtido imediatamente após o parto, sendo que após uma hora era colhido o sangue da veia braquial materna (VB). Foram excluídas pacientes com infecção, parto prematuro e sofrimento fetal. Resultados: Foram estudadas 50 parturientes, das quais 25 evoluíram para parto vaginal e 25 para cesárea. A idade materna foi em média 26,0 ± 6,7 anos. A idade gestacional no parto foi em média 39,5 ± 1,7 semanas. O peso médio dos recém-nascidos foi 3366,5 ± 340,2 gramas. Todos os casos receberam analgesia durante o parto (analgesia combinada: peridural e raquianestesia). A maioria das pacientes era de nulíparas (31/50 - 62,0%). A duração do trabalho de parto foi semelhante nas pacientes que evoluíram para o parto vaginal (7,6 ± 4,4 horas) e nas que foram submetidas à operação cesariana (8,2 ± 4,4 horas; p=0,87). Houve tendência de níveis mais elevados de melatonina no VCU e na VB em pacientes após parto vaginal, porém sem diferença estatística (p=0,41 e p=0,16). Pacientes que evoluíram para cesariana apresentaram dosagens significativamente maiores de TNF na VB, de IL-1 na VCU e na VB e de IL-6 na VCU que em pacientes que evoluíram para parto vaginal (p= 0,02; p<0,01; p<0,01 e p<0,01; respectivamente). Observou-se variação no ritmo circadiano das dosagens dessas citocinas após cesariana, com correlação significativa entre dosagem de melatonina e de citocinas nessa via de parto. Conclusão: Pacientes submetidas à operação cesariana apresentaram tendência a redução da secreção de melatonina, com aumento significativo da secreção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, o que pode ser conseqüência do processo inflamatório relacionado ao estresse cirúrgico<br>Objetive: To evaluate the profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the melatonin level in maternal and umbilical cord blood samples in accordance with the mode of delivery. Methods: Between March 2010 and September 2010, a prospective observational study was conducted at University Hospital of University of São Paulo. Cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF) and melatonin levels were analyzed from maternal brachial vein (BV) and umbilical cord vein (UCV) obtained from healthy patients that started spontaneous labor. The levels of cytokines and melatonin were evaluated in accordance to the mode of delivery as well as the day period and the local of blood sample (UCV - immediately after delivery and BV - one hour after delivery). Patients with infection, preterm labor and fetal distress were excluded. Results: A total of 50 patients were evaluated in the present study: 25 underwent vaginal delivery and 25 c-section. Mean maternal age was 26.0 ± 6.7 years. Mean gestational age at delivery was 39.5 ± 1.7 weeks. The average of newborn weight was 3366.5 ± 340.2 grams. All patients had combined epidural and raquianesthesia. The majority of the patients was nullipara (31/50 62.0%). The labor duration was similar in patients that underwent vaginal delivery (7.6 ± 4.4 hours) or c-section (8.2 ± 4.4 hours, p=0.87). There was a tendency of increased levels of melatonin in the UCV and BV samples after vaginal deliveries, but with statistical significance (p=0.41 and p=0.16). Patients that underwent c-section had increased levels of TNF at the BV, IL-1 at the UCV and BV and IL-6 at the UCV than in patients that underwent vaginal delivery (p= 0.02; p<0.01; p<0.01 and p<0.01; respectively). Circadian variations of the cytokines and the melatonin levels were observed in patients that underwent c-section, with significant correlation between the levels of cytokines and melatonin. Conclusion: Patients that underwent c-section had a tendency of reduced melatonin level, with significant increase in the cytokine levels, which may be consequent of the inflammatory process related to the surgical stress.
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Höppner, Christian C. [Verfasser], Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Paul, and Allen C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Caldwell. "First Measurement of the Cross Section for the Production of Hadrons with High Transverse Momenta at COMPASS, and Developments for Particle Tracking in High-Rate Experiments / Christian Höppner. Gutachter: Allen C. Caldwell. Betreuer: Stephan Paul." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1019854472/34.
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Bhargava, Prarit. "The ¹²C pion absorption cross sections." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq30446.pdf.
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Tecklenburg, Gerhard. "Design of body assemblies with distributed tasks under the support of parametric associative design (PAD)." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/5809.
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This investigation identifies how CAD models of typical automotive body assemblies could be defined to allow a continuous optimisation of the number of iterations required for the final design and the number of variants on the basis of Parametric Associative Design (PAD) and how methodologies for the development of surfaces, parts and assemblies of the automotive body can be represented and structured for a multiple re-use in a collaborative environment of concept phase of a Product Evolution (Formation) Process (PEP). The standardisation of optimised processes and methodologies and the enhanced interaction between all parties involved in product development could lead to improve product quality and reduce development time and hence expenses. The fundamental principles of PAD, the particular methodologies used in automotive body design and the principles of methodical development and design in general are investigated. The role which automotive body engineers play throughout the activities of the PEP is also investigated. The distribution of design work in concept teams of automotive body development and important methodologies for the design of prismatic profile areas is critically analysed. To address the role and distribution of work, 25 group work projects were carried out in cooperation with the automotive industry. Large assemblies of the automotive bodies were developed. The requirements for distributed design work have been identified and improved. The results of the investigation point towards a file based, well structured administration of a concept design, with a zone based approach. The investigation was extended to the process chain of sections, which are used for development of surfaces, parts and assemblies. Important methods were developed, optimised and validated with regard to an update safe re-use of 3D zone based CAD models instead of 2D sections. The thesis presents a thorough description of the research undertaken, details the experimental results and provides a comprehensive analysis of them. Finally it proposes a unique methodology to a zone based approach with a clearly defined process chain of sections for an update-safe re-use of design models.
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Seelam, Praveen Kumar Reddy. "Direct Strength Method for Web Crippling of Cold-formed Steel C-sections." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271893/.
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Web crippling is a form of localized buckling that occurs at points of transverse concentrated loading or supports of thin-walled structural members. The theoretical computation of web crippling strength is quite complex as it involves a large number of factors such as initial imperfections, local yielding at load application and instability of web. The existing design provision in North American specification for cold-formed steel C-sections (AISI S100, 2007) to calculate the web-crippling strength is based on the experimental investigation. The objective of this research is to extend the direct strength method to the web crippling strength of cold-formed steel C-sections. ABAQUS is used as a main tool to apply finite element analysis and is used to do the elastic buckling analysis. The work was carried out on C-sections under interior two flange (ITF) loading, end two flange (ETF) loading cases. Total of 128 (58 ITF, 70 ETF) sections were analyzed. Sections with various heights (3.5 in.to 6 in.) and various lengths (21 in. to 36 in.) were considered. Data is collected from the tests conducted in laboratory and the data from the previous researches is used, to extend the direct strength method to cold formed steel sections. Proposing a new design for both the loading cases and calculation of the resistance factors under (AISI S100, 2007) standards is done.
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Fonseca, Luciana Carvalho. "\'Eu quero cesárea!\' ou \'Just cut it out!\': análise crítica do discurso de relatos de parto normal após cesárea de mulheres brasileiras e estadunidenses à luz da linguística de corpus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-21052015-112432/.
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No Brasil, a maioria absoluta das primíparas, deseja parto normal logo que engravida, porém, em mais da metade dos casos, os nascimentos são cirúrgicos. O fenômeno da falta de correspondência entre o desejado e o efetivamente alcançado não é exclusividade das mulheres brasileiras, mas ocorre em vários países do ocidente. Por meio da Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD) de relatos de parto normal após cesárea (relatos de VBAC, do inglês, vaginal birth after c-section) à luz da Linguística de Corpus (LC), buscamos elucidar o problema social entre a falta de correspondência entre o tipo de experiência desejada e a experiência obtida. O discurso dos relatos de VBAC nos parece ser o discurso ideal para desvelar os elementos dessa falta de correspondência, pois abordam tanto a experiência da cesárea anterior indesejada e, em regra, mal indicada, como a do parto desejado e alcançado. O recorte teórico-metodológico adotado reúne a ACD (Fairclough, 1989, 1992; Chouliaraki & Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003); a LC (Stubbs, 1993, McEnery & Wilson, 1997 e 2003, Tognini-Bonelli, 2001) e a Análise Crítica do Discurso Baseada em Corpus (Baker et al 2008; Baker, 2013; Baker & McEnery, 2005; Flowerdew, 2014). Para o estudo, foi compilado um corpus eletrônico em inglês e português. O corpus é composto por textos escritos pelas mulheres que passaram pela experiência de VBAC e não inclui textos mediados (entrevistas e relatos escritos por terceiros não foram incluídos). O Corpus BRABA (Corpus eletrônico de relatos de parto de mulheres brasileiras, estadunidenses, britânicas e australianas) se divide, respectivamente, em quatro subcorpora: Corpus BRA (93 relatos, 250 807 palavras), Corpus EUA (101 relatos, 225 736 palavras), Corpus UK (97 relatos, 92 197 palavras) e Corpus AU (92 relatos, 200 639 palavras. Os primeiros dois subcorpora Corpus BRA e Corpus EUA foram selecionados para esta pesquisa que pretende investigar como as identidades e a experiência do nascimento são representadas nos relatos de mulheres brasileiras e americanas e por meio dessa investigação chegar a elementos que elucidem o problema social. O processamento eletrônico valeu-se do programa AntConc 3.4.0w (Anthony, 2012) e das ferramentas da LC (listas de frequência, lista de palavras-chave, linhas de concordância, padrões lexicais, etc.). A análise foi direcionada pelas palavras-chave que correspondem aos sujeitos envolvidos e pelos colocados mais estatisticamente relevantes dessas palavras. No Corpus BRA, foram analisadas: eu (colocados: desisto, renasci, mamava); bebê (encaixado, morrer/morresse, sexo, batimentos, alto); marido (companheiro, apoiou, cortou); doula (amada, obstetriz, querida, presença); médico (fofa/fofinha, mudar/mudei, cesarista, ginecologista, humanizada); anestesista; enfermeira (obstétrica/obstetra, cadê, soro, chamar); parteira (liguei/ ligar, doula, casa); obstetriz (doula, toque). No Corpus EUA: I (wish, protested, lamented); baby (pound, girl, boy); midwife (certified, asst/assistant, student, assist); doula (hired, friend, called); nurse (practitioner, tells, triage); doctor (office, seen, comes); anesthesiologist; husband (poor, run, children). A análise permitiu que fosse elucidado o problema social em ambas as sociedades e fossem reveladas diferenças discursivas e culturais. A falta de correspondência entre a experiência desejada e a alcançada é representada como tendo sido causada pela sucessão de eventos distintos. Contudo, em ambos os corpora, as experiências são representadas e a autoidentidade e as identidades construídas discursivamente sob a égide dos traços da modernidade, marcadamente, em relação à reflexividade exercida ideologicamente. Porém, a reflexividade é operada, não só como um modo de sustentar, mas principalmente como forma de transformar as relações de dominação.<br>In Brazil the vast majority of primiparous women, on discovering that they are pregnant, hope to have normal deliveries. However, in over half of such cases surgical deliveries ensue. This mismatch between what pregnant women desire and what they actually experience is not exclusive to Brazil, but takes place in several Western countries. Through Corpus Linguistics (CL)-based Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of vaginal birth after c-section (VBAC) stories we seek to shed light on the social problem of a mismatch between the desired experience and the actual experience. VBAC stories seemed to us the ideal discourse for revealing elements of this mismatch, since they address both the experience of an unwanted (and usually wrongly indicated) prior C-section and that of the desired, and achieved, delivery. The theoretical-methodological approach we have adopted brings together CDA (Fairclough, 1989, 1992; Chouliaraki & Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003); CL (Stubbs, 1993, McEnery & Wilson, 1997 e 2003, Tognini-Bonelli, 2001), and Corpus-based Critical Discourse Analysis (Baker et al 2008; Baker, 2013; Baker & McEnery, 2005; Flowerdew, 2014). An electronic corpus was compiled in English and Portuguese for this study. The corpus is made up of texts written by women who have experienced VBAC and includes no mediated texts (i.e. interviews and third-party reports). The BRABA Corpus (Corpus of the birth stories of Brazilian, American, British and Australian women) encompasses four subcorpora respectively: Corpus BRA (93 stories, 250,807 words), Corpus USA (101 stories, 225,736 words), Corpus UK (97 stories, 92,197 words), and Corpus AU (92 stories, 200,639 words. The first two of these subcorporaCorpus BRA and Corpus USAwere chosen for this study, which investigates how identities and birth experiences are represented in the accounts of Brazilian and American women, and thus through this investigation uncovers elements that will shed light on the selected social problem. The computer processing used AntConc 3.4.0w (Anthony, 2012) and CL tools (frequency lists, keyword lists, concordance lines, etc.). Analysis was guided by keywords corresponding to the people mentioned in the stories and by the most statistically significant collocates of these keywords. From Corpus BRA the words were: eu (collocates: desisto, renasci, mamava); bebê (encaixado, morrer/morresse, sexo, batimentos, alto); marido (companheiro, apoiou, cortou); doula (amada, obstetriz, querida, presença); médico (fofa/fofinha, mudar/mudei, cesarista, ginecologista, humanizada); anestesista; enfermeira (obstétrica/obstetra, cadê, soro, chamar); parteira (liguei/ligar, doula, casa); obstetriz (doula, toque). From Corpus USA: I (wish, protested, lamented); baby (pound, girl, boy); midwife (certified, asst/assistant, student, assist); doula (hired, friend, called); nurse (practitioner, tells, triage); doctor (office, seen, comes); anesthesiologist; husband (poor, run, children). Analysis enabled this social problem to be laid bare in both societies, revealing discourse and cultural similarities and differences. The mismatch between the desired and the experienced outcomes is represented as having been caused by a succession of discrete events. In both corpora, experiences are represented, and self-identity and other identities are notably constructed in discourse under the aegis of features of modernity, above all, under reflexivity, which, in the discourses of VBAC stories takes place through empowerment, understood as self-actualization through newly gathered knowledge and ensuing courses of action/measures (Giddens, 2002).
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Fragos, Athanasios. "The shear buckling of metal plates and empty and filled C-shaped sections." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490870.
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This thesis describes an investigation of the shear buckling strength of thin metal plates and empty and filled Cold-Formed steel lipped C-shaped cassette sections without intermediate stiffeners in the longitudinal or in the transverse direction of the wide web of the cassettes for various boundary conditions, material properties and geometrical characteristics. Tests were carried out to determine the properties of the metal skin of the cassettes and of the three polystyrene foams that were used for the infilling of the liner trays. Experiments have been carried out on C-shaped cassettes when the wide flanges are stabilised by various lightweight insulation materials fixed in position. A range of alternative numerical analyses complements this experimental research. An extensive literature research has been carried out covering Thin Metal Plates, Cold-Formed Steel Sections, Diaphragms, Composites Structures, C-shaped panels, Sandwich Panels, Polystyrene and Polyurethane materials, and the effect of Intermediate Stiffeners in various cases. The background reading embraced all aspects of the design and behaviour of Cold-Formed steel sections and sheeting. Consideration was given to BS 5950: Part 5,1987 "Code of practice for design of cold formed sections", to the A1S1, 1986 "Design and analysis of cold. formed steel sections", and to Eurocode 3: Part 1.3, 1997 "Coldformed thin gauge members and sheeting". However, a more detailed study was concentrated on the shear buckling of stiffened and unstiffened thin-plates and G shaped panels with and without intermediate stiffeners.
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Coman, Marius. "Cross sections and Rosenbluth separations from kaon electroproduction on protons up to Q²=2.35 (GeV/c)²." FIU Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2414.
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The kaon electroproduction reaction H(e, e'K+)Λ was studied as a function of the four momentum transfer, Q2, for different values of the virtual photon polarization parameter. Electrons and kaons were detected in coincidence in two High Resolution Spectrometers (HRS) at Jefferson Lab. Data were taken at electron beam energies ranging from 3.4006 to 5.7544 GeV. The kaons were identified using combined time of flight information and two Aerogel Čerenkov detectors used for particle identification. For different values of Q2 ranging from 1.90 to 2.35 GeV/c2 the center of mass cross sections for the Λ hyperon were determined for 20 kinematics and the longitudinal, σL, and transverse, σT, terms were separated using the Rosenbluth separation technique.
Comparisons between available models and data have been studied. The comparison supports the t-channel dominance behavior for kaon electroproduction. All models seem to underpredict the transverse cross section. An estimate of the kaon form factor has been explored by determining the sensitivity of the separated cross sections to variations of the kaon EM form factor. From comparison between models and data we can conclude that interpreting the data using the Regge model is quite sensitive to a particular choice for the EM form factors. The data from the E98-108 experiment extends the range of the available kaon electroproduction cross section data to an unexplored region of Q2 where no separations have ever been performed.
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Basta, Antoine. "Behaviour of stainless steel and cold C sections with large web openings in bending and shear." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842464/.
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This research addresses the use of thin steel C sections with large circular, hexagonal and diamond web openings in applications where service integration in beams is required or where thermal bridging of members crossing the building envelope has to be minimised. The effect of these openings in terms of combined bending and shear effects on stainless steel and thin steel C sections is evaluated. The behaviour of thin steel C sections with large web openings in shear is a new subject and the knowledge gap is mainly concerned with the local buckling around and between openings which affect the ability of the perforated section to resist shear. Simply supported beams were considered in this research. The main part of the research was divided into various parts as follows: Simple theories were developed for the design of thin steel with circular web openings (Tangential Stress Method) and with hexagonal web openings. The Tangential Stress Method is a method in which the tangential stresses around the web openings are determined as a function of the applied shear force. A total of 16 tests on pairs of C sections with web openings was carried out. Three groups of beams were tested as follows: 1- Stainless steel C sections of 210 mm depth and 70 mm width with 150 mm diameter openings at 50, 100 and 250 mm edge distances were tested. Two groups of stainless steel were tested; Austenitic and Lean Duplex (LDX) grades of 2 and 3 mm thickness. For beams with isolated and widely spaced web openings, Vierendeel bending associated with local buckling was the mode of failure. Beams with closely spaced web openings failed by web-post buckling. 2- Galvanized steel sections of 250 mm depth and 63mm flange width with 150 and 180 mm diameter web openings at 60 and 90 mm edge distances were tested in 1.5 and 1.8 mm steel thicknesses. The failure of the C sections with isolated web openings was due to Vierendeel bending associated with local buckling. For closely spaced web openings, the failure was due to web-post buckling and twisting of the top flange. 3- Galvanized C sections with diamond and hexagonal web openings were tested to investigate the shape of the web openings effect on the behaviour of the beams subject to shear. The diamond-shaped openings were 180 mm deep and hexagonal openings were 167 mm deep. The failure of beams with isolated diamond-shaped web openings was due to buckling of the un-supported web next to the openings. For the C sections with pairs of openings, it was due to web-post buckling and twisting of the top flange. The bending resistances of the two C sections were then predicted from the parametric study and were compared with the design resistance calculated using section properties to BS EN 1993-1-3 and BS EN 1993-1-4. The tangential stresses using the method presented in Chapter 4 were calculated at the failure loads in all tests for beams with circular web openings and compared to the measured steel strengths fy at 0.2% strain. The ratio of the direct tangential stress to steel proof strength σ/fy varied between 0.70 and 1.21 for the stainless steel beams and between 0.5 and 0.8 for the galvanized steel beams. This shows that the Tangential Stress Method is reasonably accurate. Linear and non-linear finite element (FE) models were defined to investigate the behaviour of the thin C sections. ABAQUS software was used for the finite element analysis. An extensive parametric study was conducted to study the effects of opening diameter, opening spacing, and span to depth ratio of the beams. The failure load for each beam was determined using the Riks Analysis Method (explained in Chapter 8) ignoring the effect of web imperfection which was found to have a little effect of on the failure load. The comparison between buckling analysis with different imperfection values and the Riks analysis for the two beams sections is presented in Chapters 10 and 11 for the various openings configurations. The results from the FEA were in good agreement with the test results and showed the effect of the opening depth to the beam depth ratio (h0 /h), opening spacing (so) and the thickness of the web (tw) on the section resistance. The section resistance obtained from the finite element analysis for all models was in good agreement with the test results and the proposed theory. In the final part of this research, the additional deflection due to the loss of the shear and bending stiffness at the position of web openings was investigated and simple formulas were developed in Chapter 6 to predict the additional deflection of perforated beams. Linear finite element analysis was considered for comparison and the results were in good agreement with the proposed theory.
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Cutler, Richard Wendel. "The 1200 °C Isothermal Sections of the Ni-Al-Cr and the Ni-Al-Mo Ternary Phase Diagrams." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1301065466.
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Zhao, Jie, Wuquan Deng, Yuping Zhang, Yanling Zheng, Lina Zhou, Johnson Boey, David G. Armstrong, Gangyi Yang, Ziwen Liang, and Bing Chen. "Association between Serum Cystatin C and Diabetic Foot Ulceration in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study." HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621722.
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Serum cystatin C (CysC) has been identified as a possible potential biomarker in a variety of diabetic complications, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy and peripheral artery disease. We aimed to examine the association between CysC and diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). 411 patients with T2D were enrolled in this cross-sectional study at a university hospital. Clinical manifestations and biochemical parameters were compared between DFU group and non-DFU group. The association between serum CysC and DFU was explored by binary logistic regression analysis. The cut point of CysC for DFU was also evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The prevalence of coronary artery disease, diabetic nephropathy (DN), and DFU dramatically increased with CysC (
P
<
0.01
) in CysC quartiles. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the significant risk factors for DFU were serum CysC, coronary artery disease, hypertension, insulin use, the differences between supine and sitting TcPO
2
, and hypertension. ROC curve analysis revealed that the cut point of CysC for DFU was 0.735 mg/L. Serum CysC levels correlated with DFU and severity of tissue loss. Our study results indicated that serum CysC was associated with a high prevalence of DFU in Chinese T2D subjects.
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Bergenwall, Bel E. "From Particle-Production Cross Sections to KERMA and Absorbed Dose for the Case 96 MeV n-12C Interactions." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4700.
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<p>Neutron-carbon interactions have been studied with a focus on charged-particle production of relevance to radiation protection and medical applications, such as cancer therapy. The measurements have been performed using the particle-detection setup, MEDLEY, and the 96 MeV neutron beam at the The Svedberg Laboratory in Uppsala.</p><p>Double-differential cross sections of inclusive charged-particle production are compared with recent calculations from models based on the GNASH code including direct, preequilibrium and compound processes. For protons, the shapes of the cross-section spectra are reasonably well described by the calculations. For the other particles- <i>d</i>, <i>t</i>, <sup>3</sup>He and α- there are important discrepancies, in particular for <sup>3</sup>He-ions and α-particles, concerning both shape and magnitude of the spectra.</p><p>Using the new cross sections, partial as well as total KERMA coefficients have been determined. The coefficients have also been compared to previous experimental results and model calculations. The <i>p</i>, <i>d</i> and <i>t</i> KERMA coefficients are in good agreement with those from a previous measurement. For the helium isotopes, there are no previous measurements at this energy. The KERMA coefficients are considerably higher (by up to 30%) than those predicted by the calculations.</p><p>The KERMA results indicate that protons and α -particles are the main contributors to the dose. A 6x6x6 cm<sup>3</sup> carbon phantom, exposed to a broad and a pencil-like beam, is used for the computation of the absorbed doses deposited by these two particles in spheres of 1 μm in diameter, located at various positions in the phantom. The maximum doses are deposited at ~3 cm from the surface of neutron impact for protons and within 1 cm for α-particles. For the pencil beam, deposited doses are spread over regions of ~1.5 cm and ~300 μm transverse to the beam for protons and α-particles, respectively. The results are consistent with previous integral measurements at lower energies.</p>
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Neto, Gaspar Lisbôa. "Identificação de polimorfismos e mutações primárias de resistência aos inibidores de protease (NS3/NS4A) no vírus da hepatite C em pacientes com hepatite C crônica monoinfectados e coinfectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-31072017-150758/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A hepatite C crônica é uma das principais causas de hepatopatia em todo mundo. A coinfecção pelo vírus C (VHC) e o HIV não é incomum, pois ambos compartilham vias similares de transmissão. Recentemente, a terapêutica da hepatite C crônica foi radicalmente modificada com o advento das drogas antivirais de ação direta (DAAs), elevando as taxas de RVS mesmo na população coinfectada. O VHC é caracterizado pela sua alta taxa replicativa e por grande diversidade populacional. Substituições de ocorrência natural na protease viral associadas a resistência podem comprometer a terapêutica em alguns regimes baseados no uso de inibidores de protease (IPs). OBJETIVOS: Estimar a prevalência de polimorfismos e mutações de ocorrência natural associadas a resistência aos IPs em pacientes monoinfectados e coinfectados pelo VHC e HIV e identificar fatores clínicos e virológicos associados a presença de tais substituições. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Dados epidemiológicos e clínicos foram obtidos de 247 pacientes (135 monoinfectados e 112 coinfectados pelo VHC e HIV). VHC RNA foi extraído do plasma dos indivíduos participantes e um fragmento de 765 pares de base da região NS3 foi amplificado e sequenciado por metodologia populacional (técnica de Sanger). O estadiamento da fibrose hepática foi realizado pelo escore não invasivo FIB- 4. RESULTADOS: 54 indivíduos (21,9%) apresentaram pelo menos uma substituição na região NS3/NS4A do VHC. Somente 14 pacientes (5,7%) apresentaram pelo menos uma mutação de resistência aos IPs (T54S, V55A ou Q80R). A Q80K não foi identificada em nenhuma das amostras. Não houve diferença entre monoinfectados e coinfectados quanto à ocorrência de polimorfismos ou mutações associadas a resistência. As variáveis independentemente associadas com substituições na região da protease foram infecção pelo VHC genótipo 1b, bilirrubinas totais > 1,5 vezes o LSN e níveis de albumina < 3,5 g/dL. Fibrose hepática avançada (FIB-4 > 3.25) não esteve associada a presença de substituições. A análise de diversidade nucleotídica na protease viral revelou maior heterogeneidade do VHC genótipo 1b em relação ao 1a. Contudo, a análise de pressão seletiva não demonstrou maior variabilidade de quasiespécies no grupo de hepatopatia avançada, achado este compatível com uma sequência genômica relativamente conservada. CONCLUSÕES: As substituições na região NS3/NS4 do VHC consistiram majoritariamente por polimorfismos naturais sem impacto clínico num eventual tratamento que envolva o uso de IPs. A prevalência de substituições associadas a resistência foi baixa e compatível com os valores informados pela maioria dos estudos nacionais e internacionais. A coinfecção pelo HIV não parece elevar a frequência de substituições na protease do VHC. A região NS3 do genótipo 1b foi altamente variável em relação ao genótipo 1a, reforçando o conceito de possíveis diferenças geográficas em relação ao perfil genético deste vírus<br>INTRODUCTION: Chronic hepatitis C is a major cause of liver disease worldwide. Hepatitis C vírus (HCV) and HIV coinfection is not uncommon due to similar transmission routes. Recently developed direct-acting antivirals drugs (DAAs) have increased the rate of SVR even in coinfected patients. HCV has a high replication rate and a lack of proofreading activity, leading to a greatly diverse viral population. Baseline spontaneously occurring resistance substitutions in the protease region may impair the rate of success in some protease inhibitors (PI) based regimens. OBJECTIVE: to determine the prevalence of naturally occurring polymorphisms and resistance associated variants to HCV PIs in mono and coinfected HCV HIV patients and to evaluate potential associations between amino acid substitutions in protease domain and clinical / virological features of those patients. METHODS: Clinical and epidemiological data were retrieved from medical records of 247 subjects in Brazil (135 HCV monoinfected and 112 HIV HCV coinfected patients). HCV-RNA was extracted from plasma and a fragment of 765 base pairs from the NS3 region was amplified and sequenced with Sanger-based technology. Fibrosis staging was assessed by non invasive score (FIB-4). RESULTS: Overall, 54 patients (21.9%) had at least one amino acid substitution in the NS3 region; only 14 patients (5.7%) harboured at least one resistance mutation (T54S, V55A, Q80R). Q80K mutation was not found in any sample. There was no difference between monoinfected and coinfected patients regarding the frequency of natural polymorphisms and resistance mutations. Variables independently associated with amino acid substitution were HCV subtype 1b, total bilirubin level > 1.5 ULN and albumin level < 3.5 g/dL. Advanced liver fibrosis (FIB-4 > 3.25) was not related to NS3 polymorphisms nor resistance associated variants. Examination of HCV protease nucleotide diversity revealed greater heterogeneity in subtype 1b than subtype 1a. Analysis of selective pressure did not reveal a greater quasispecies variability in advanced liver fibrosis group, being such finding consistent with a relatively conserved gene in this setting. CONCLUSION: Baseline HCV NS3 amino acid substitutions depicted herein were considered mostly natural polymorphisms with no clinical impact in a PI based therapy. The prevalence of resistance-associated substitutions was low and compatible with values reported by most national and international studies. HIV coinfection was not associated with a greater frequency of such substitutions in the studied sample. The NS3 region of genotype 1b was highly variable in relation to genotype 1a, highlighting geographic differences concerning HCV genetic profile