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Moisyshyn, V. M., A. P. Ivasiutyn, and V. R. Protsiuk. "IMPROVED RESULTS PROCESSING METHODOLOGY FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Number, no. 17(64) (November 22, 2022): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7399-2022-17(64)-75-95.
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In the process of processing the results of experimental studies of any, in particular, technical processes, there is a necessity to establish a correlation between independent and dependent variables. During the analysis of experimental data, such a connection is established by using certain computer programs. The authors proposed the App program. 1 to calculate the parameters of ten empirical regression equations using the method of least squares, which is developed in the Visual Studio programming environment in the C# (Сі Sharp) programming language using the “Windows Form Application” framework using Windows operating systems. This program can be used in processing the results of studies conducted both according to the classical, and factorial (rational) plans. Making analysis data of experiments, conducted according to the factor plan with the help of this program the parameters of partial empirical dependencies of the studied factor Y on independent external factors are determined. The basic version of the method of creating an empirical multifactorial model of multiple nonlinear correlations based on the data obtained by the method of rational planning of the experiment is the version proposed in the work "Methodology of processing the results of a factorial experiment". The authors supplemented this method by determining the parameters of partial empirical dependencies based on logarithmic experimental data for averaging of which the geometric mean is used for each independent factor. It is proposed to determine the parameters of partial empirical dependencies, which are used to create a multifactorial model, based on the antilogarithms of the averaged values.
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Zhang, Yuhua, and Joong-Ho Shin. "A Computational Approach to Profile Generation of Planar Cam Mechanisms." Journal of Mechanical Design 126, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1637652.
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A new approach, called a Relative Motion Method (RMM), is proposed for designing the shape of the disk cam, which uses the relative velocity and the relative acceleration of a follower respect to a cam to discover the profile coordinate, the pressure angle and the radius of curvature on the cam. It is characterized by the procedures of automatic derivation and solution with computers and the suitability not only for general disk cams with different kinds of follower, such as sharp edge follower, roller follower, flat-faced follower, and so on, but also for the double-disk conjugate cams, single-disk conjugate cams and roller gear conjugate cams. A program for design automation of shape of the disk cam and the kinematics simulation of this kind of mechanism has been developed using the proposed approach with C++ language. Finally, an example is given.
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WOPARA, Morgan Manuchim, Joseph AJIENKA, Alwell NTEEGAH, and Erasmus NNANNA. "Development of a Probabilistic Cost Model for Well Intervention Cost Estimation." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XI, no. V (2024): 1007–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2024.1105066.
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Accurate cost estimates are crucial for assessing the commercial viability and business case of well intervention projects, considering the limited available resources. This study presents the development of a comprehensive cost estimation model tailored specifically for rigless well intervention projects. We used the probabilistic approach to develop a cost estimation model for well intervention to achieve the research objective. The developed cost model was transformed into a computer program using pseudocodes in the C-Sharp programming language. The costs of well interventions performed on five (5) wells were used to validate the well intervention cost estimation software. We compared the cost estimation results using the Well Intervention Cost Estimation software and an existing deterministic cost estimate. For every cost estimate that the software generates, three probabilistic values are calculated (P90, P50 and P10). The cost-estimating application resulted in a higher cost than the deterministic estimate because it accounted for project uncertainties. As a result of implementing this cost estimation model, oil and gas industry cost analysts can optimize resource allocation, improve project planning, and mitigate financial risks associated with well interventions, thus improving operational efficiency and profitability.
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Baisanov, S., V. V. Tolokonnikova, G. I. Narikbayeva, and I. Ya Korsukova. "Thermodynamic substantiation of compositions of silicon aluminium alloys with increased aluminium content in Fe-Si-Al system." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 321, no. 2 (March 2, 2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.15.
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A priority direction of ferrous metallurgy development is to increase in output of the high quality metal and metal products of new assortment. One of the methods to improve a quality of steels is to involve of complex alloys based on aluminum, silicon, manganese, etc. for their output. They are necessary as deoxidizing agents and alloying additives. This paper considers the possibility of the thermodynamic substantiation of the aluminum solubility in the ferrosilicon-aluminum complex alloy (FeSiAl) on the basis of their phase diagrams using the osmotic coefficient of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim. Methodology used is based on the theoretical studies of the phase equilibria using the Bjerrum-Guggenheim concept. It includes a set of computer programs in C# language (C sharp) designed to evaluate a deviation scope of properties of a real system from the ideal one. Criterion for evaluation is an osmotic coefficient of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim. The pattern of change in an osmotic coefficient of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim on the ratio of activity of components in the ideal liquid and solid phases (positive Фi <1 or negative Фi >1) under the boundary forming conditions of crystallization regions of phases related to the melting ferrosilicon-aluminum processes is a direct proof of the possibility to use it as a metal reducing agent. The calculated mathematical dependences of the osmotic coefficient of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim permit us to determine the crystallization temperature of the ferrosilicon-aluminum alloy. The alloying process with rich aluminum content is observed at this temperature. The dependence diagrams of an osmotic coefficient of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim of a crystallizing component on the ratio of its activity in the liquid and solid phases demonstrated that a temperature rise leads to strong negative deviations in silicon properties, and thus to its good mixability in the melt with iron and aluminum. Compositions of silicon-aluminum alloys with high aluminum content in the ferrosilicon-aluminum complex alloy (FeSiAl) were determined on the basis of their phase diagrams using the osmotic coefficient of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim with iron content of 12-37%, aluminum 20-25% and silicon 68-38%. The received theoretical results permit to determine conditions which give the maximum possible aluminum assimilation with the ferrosilicon-aluminum melts supplied from the high-ash coal in the melting process of this metal in the ore-thermal furnaces. Thus it is a direct method to develop the output technology of the complex alloys.
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Muhammad Ilyas. "Feature-Based Comparison of Language Transformation Tools." Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 4, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgurjcsit.2020.0404107.
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Code transformation is the best option while switching from farmer to next technology. Our paper presents a comparative analysis of code transformation tools based on 18 different factors. These factors are Classes, pointers, Access Specifiers, Functions and Exceptions, etc. For this purpose, we have selected varyCode, Telerik, Multi-online converter, and InstantVB. Source Language considered for this purpose is C sharp (C#) and the target language is Visual Basics (VB). Results show that VaryCode is best among the four tools as its converted programs throw fewer errors and require minor changes while running the program.
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Raman, K. V. "Some Features of Java Language Illustrated through Examples from Chemistry." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 1, no. 2 (July 3, 2003): 22–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.2.5.
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Computer programming has been used effectively by theoretical chemists and organic chemists to solve various types of problem in chemistry. Initially the languages used for computations in chemistry were FORTRAN and BASIC. Later the Pascal language was used for solving problems in chemistry and physics. Recently the languages C and C++ and Java have been used to solve problems in chemistry. In this paper I will illustrate features of C, C++ choosing examples from chemistry. Computer programming has been used effectively by theoretical chemists and organic chemists to solve various types of problem in chemistry. Initially the languages used for computations in chemistry were FORTRAN and BASIC. Later the Pascal language was used for solving problems in chemistry and physics. Recently the languages C and C++ and Java have been used to solve problems in chemistry. In this paper I will illustrate features of C, C++ choosing examples from chemistry. Some examples presented in this these languages are Program to calculate reduced mass of homo diatomic or hetero diatomic Program to calculate the molecular weight of a tetra atomic system ABCD Program to calculate NMR frequencies of spin 1/2 nuclei only Program to calculate NMR and ESR frequencies The examples presented in Java 2 are Program to calculate unit cell dimension of a crystal Program to generate the chair form and boat form of cyclohexane. The examples presented in this monograph will help researchers in theoretical chemistry and organic chemistry to develop their own software.
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Shelekhov, Vladimir Ivanovich. "TRANSFORMATION AND VERIFICATION OF THE OS PROGRAM SORTING DEVICES IN A COMPUTER BUS." System Informatics, no. 18 (2021): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31144/si.2307-6410.2021.n18.p1-34.
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The transformation and verification of the bus_sort_breadthfirst program, which belongs to the Linux OS kernel and implements sorting of devices are described. The C program is transformed into the cP language performing macros unfolding, structure changes, and elimination of pointers. Transformed program is translated into the WhyML functional language. For the received program, a specification is constructed. Deductive verification is carried out in the tool Why3.
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Templeton, Arch W., Louis H. Wetzel, Larry T. Cook, Linda A. Harrison, Donald A. Eckard, William H. Anderson, and Kenneth S. Hensley. "Enhancement of storage phosphor plate images: A C-language program." Journal of Digital Imaging 5, no. 1 (February 1992): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03167825.
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Wei, Hai Bing, Qian Zhang, and Jun Hai Zhao. "Simplified Bishop Method Homogeneous Soil Slope Stability Analysis Based on the C# Language." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.291.
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A computer program was compiled based on the C# language of Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 and the principle of simplified Bishop method. The program will calculate the minimum factor of safety, and automatically draw the two-dimensional (2-D) critical slip surface after user input the basic parameters. Through testing a lot of examples, the program has good stability, high precision, fast speed and good visibility.
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Wan, Lei, Yongli Cao, Lili Shi, and Ying An. "Development and Teaching Application of Interactive Virtual Algorithm Animation of C Language Program." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (July 30, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7082914.
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In today’s world, almost every domain has certain and mandatory requirements to understand at least one of the programming languages which is defined as a way of interaction with a computer to resolve real world problems or more specifically for the implementation of algorithms. Language programming is a course with strong theory and practice. In view of the fact that C language beginners in colleges and universities generally report that it is difficult to learn well due to various reasons. Therefore, in this paper, we have discussed the development and teaching of interactive virtual animation of C language programs. The proposed approach relies on a typical recursive algorithm case to analyze the teaching strategy of virtual algorithm animation brought into the classroom, the application in the algorithm teaching of C language and the teaching strategy in improving students’ understanding of abstract knowledge using computer C language program interactive virtual animation development and implementation of the teaching system is the research content. According to the basic flow of the interactive virtual algorithm of the C language program, a reasonable system structure design is carried out.
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Legalov, Alexander I., Yegor G. Bugayenko, Nickolay K. Chuykin, Maksim V. Shipitsin, Yaroslav I. Riabtsev, and Andrey N. Kamenskiy. "Transformation of C Programming Language Memory Model into Object-Oriented Representation of EO Language." Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems 29, no. 3 (September 25, 2022): 246–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/1818-1015-2022-3-246-264.
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The paper analyzes the possibilities of transforming C programming language constructs into objects of EO programming language. The key challenge of the method is the transpilation from a system programming language into a language of a higher level of abstraction, which doesn’t allow direct manipulations with computer memory. Almost all application and domain-oriented programming languages disable such direct access to memory. Operations that need to be supported in this case include the use of dereferenced pointers, the imposition of data of different types in the same memory area, and different interpretation of the same data which is located in the same memory address space. A decision was made to create additional EO-objects that directly simulate the interaction with computer memory as in C language. These objects encapsulate unreliable data operations which use pointers. An abstract memory object was proposed for simulating the capabilities of C language to provide interaction with computer memory. The memory object is essentially an array of bytes. It is possible to write into memory and read from memory at a given index. The number of bytes read or written depends on which object is being used. The transformation of various C language constructs into EO code is considered at the level of the compilation unit. To study the variants and analyze the results a transpiler was developed that provides necessary transformations. It is implemented on the basis of Clang, which forms an abstract syntax tree. This tree is processed using LibTooling and LibASTMatchers libraries. As a result of compiling a C program, code in EO language is generated. The considered approach turns out to be appropriate for solving different problems. One of such problems is static code analysis. Such solutions make it possible to isolate low-level code fragments into separate program objects, focusing on their study and possible transformations into more reliable code.
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LESOV, Altynbek T., and Valery O. IVASHCHENKO. "Energy optimization of train movement modes in the language of C # program." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 2021, no. 4 (December 2021): 480–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2021-4-480-490.
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Objective: Analysis of existing methods for fi nding optimal modes of handling trains on the training ground of Uzbek railways to optimize the use of electrical energy within the train schedule and its optimization in terms of minimizing electricity consumption. Traction calculations are an important part of the science of train traction, one of the main activities carried out for the organization of train operation and the design of railway lines. The methods of traction calculations include a set of methods and techniques for determining the mass of the train, the speed of movement and section time taken, the fuel and electricity consumption for traction, and the solution of braking problems. Methods: The method of choosing the trajectory of the train movement provides for the calculation in the form of blocks with the initial data of the train parameters and takes into account two problems of solving the train motion equation. Results: Based on the developed computer shell for performing traction calculations, a graphical dependence of the speed of an electric locomotive on the distance covered (energy-optimal curves of train movement) on the section Altyaryk station – Margelan station was built. Practical importance: The described calculation methodology with the use of computer shell blocks makes it possible to signifi cantly simplify and speed up the traction calculations, ensure high accuracy of the results and present them in a convenient and graphic form
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Zhao, Yikun. "Research on Application of Computer Recognition Technology in C Language Programming Modeling System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 042024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/4/042024.
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Abstract C language programming is more and more favoured by the majority of technical personnel in embedded systems. The application of C language technology in computer software programming can effectively avoid unnecessary language logic problems, ensure the smooth progress of programming work and effectively improve the quality and efficiency of programming. For the development of C language embedded system, the programming ideas of system software are explained, the functional module division based on hierarchical design is given, and the realization methods of project organization, program framework design, module reuse design, etc. in the software development process are clarified. To solve the contradiction between C language flexibility and application development engineering. Although it is introduced for the ARM platform, the basic experience and algorithms are also suitable for software design on other embedded platforms.
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Bennett, Brett. "A computer program to convert SEG-2 data to SEG-Y." GEOPHYSICS 55, no. 9 (September 1990): 1272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442943.
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Recent introduction of the SEG-2 data format to the geophysical community creates compatibility problems with existing seismic data formats. Presented here is a computer program (SEG2SEGY.C) that converts seismic data from SEG-2 format to SEG-Y format. The discussion of the program architecture assumes the reader has a working knowledge of SEG-2, SEG-Y, and C programming language.
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Liu, Chun Fang, Yi Biao Sun, and Li Mei Wang. "C Language Animation Design Teaching Methods Analysis for Engineering Applications." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 1696–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.1696.
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C language program design is a basic and also the core of university teaching computer courses. This paper discussed C language animated programming and curriculum tutorial design in the engineering applications, need be able to combine theoretical knowledge and practical application, in the limited class hours, stimulate students' interest in learning, and improve students' ability to actual use the C programming language. This paper summarized some experience about the characteristics of C language to improve the efficiency of teaching curriculum design guidance and outcomes, improve engineering capabilities.
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Levin, I. I., V. A. Gudkov, G. A. Еvstafiev, A. I. Dordopulo, A. A. Gulenok, and A. V. Bovkun. "TECHNIQUE OF C PROGRAM TRANSLATION FOR RECONFIGURABLE AND HYBRID COMPUTER SYSTEMS BASED ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS." Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, no. 186 (December 2019): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2019.12.pp.054-060.
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In this paper, we thoroughly consider the technique of conversion of procedural programs in C to configuration files for field-programmable gate arrays used in the toolkit for programming of reconfigurable and hybrid computer systems. The creation of parallel program in the COLAMO (Common Oriented Language for Architecture of Multi Objects) language using the analysis results of information dependences in the initial procedural program and its further conversion to a parallel and pipeline form are the distinctive characteristics of the technique. We addressed the methods of scalar splitting and array extension by iterations, which are applied for the fulfillment of the single assignment and unique substitution rules in parallel program and the saving of information communications of the initial procedural program. The technique of conversion of automatically created parallel program to the scalable parallel and pipeline form is presented. The “Procrustes” preprocessor adapts the form for different architectures and configurations of reconfigurable and hybrid computer systems. Owing to the described methodology, it is possible to synthesize a resource-independent scalable COLAMO-application, which can adapt to available computational resource by changing of several constants in automatic mode without any considerable modification of the program source code. Then, the scalable COLAMO-applicationis translated by the COLAMO-translator into field-programmable gate arrays configuration files for the specified reconfigurable computer resource.
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Olalusi, Oladimeji, Tony Dirisu, and Chinwuba Arum. "Development of a computer program for the design of laterally unrestrained steel beams." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 16, no. 3 (2018): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace180802022o.
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This study presents the design results of a C-sharp based computer program developed for the design of laterally unrestrained I-section steel beams. The program was developed based on the stipulations of BS 5950 and Eurocode 3 (EC3) design standards. Several sets of steel beam models having the same cross-sectional dimensions but different laterally unrestrained span lengths, were designed using the developed program, and the results were validated using an established software, Staad Pro. The design results obtained were found similar to the results obtained using Staad Pro. For a specific beam section with constant loadings, as the span length of the laterally unrestrained compression flange increases the buckling capacity reduces, thus the longer the beam, the more it is susceptible to lateral torsional buckling. Comparison of the results obtained using BS 5950 to those of EC 3 at different laterally unrestrained span lengths revealed that the areas of design sections obtained for BS 5950 are 21.5%, on the average, higher than those of EC3. Thus, beams with laterally unrestrained compression flange designed according to the requirements of EC 3 are more economical. The difference in results is because of the differences in the principles of design and measures used between the two standards.
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Levin, I. I., V. A. Gudkov, S. A. Dudko, A. A. Gulenok, and A. V. Bovkun. "TOOLS OF C PROGRAM TRANSLATION FOR RECONFIGURABLE AND HYBRID COMPUTER SYSTEMS BASED ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS." Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, no. 183 (September 2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2019.09.pp.050-056.
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In this article, we consider the stages of development of a novel application toolkit for reconfigurable computer systems, its architecture and operation principles. The toolkit provides the translation of procedural programs in C to configuration files for field-programmable gate arrays in 6 stages. The conversion of procedural program in C to parallel program in COLAMO (Common Oriental Language for Architecture of Multi Objects) is performed using four additional programs: the “Angel ” translator and three preprocessors called the “Mermaid ”, the “Procrustes” and the “Nutcracker ”. At the first stage, the “Angel ” translates the C program into the absolutely parallel program in the COLAMO language. During the second stage, the information dependences of the initial C program are analyzed, scalar variables are split, and arrays are stretched by iterations. Then, at the third stage, the COLAMO code is converted to the parallel and pipeline form using the partition of arrays and loops into the vector and strea components. The fourth stage involves the transformation of the COLAMO program to the scalable parallel and pipeline form. The optional fifth stage, which is aimed at the reduction of the base subgraph, is executed only in the case of the lack of hardware resource for the structural implementation of the base subgraph of a problem. At the sixth stage, the COLAMO program is transformed to the unique computational structure and several cadrs designed for the architecture of the chosen reconfigurable computer system. The distinctive feature of the developed toolkit is the support of the resource-independent computing, which allows for the scaling of calculations in both cases of increase (induction) and decrease (reduction) in available hardware resources.
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Haytham Ahmed. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RED MECHANISM FOR CONGESTION AVOIDANCE USING C++ LANGUAGE." EPH - International Journal of Science And Engineering 3, no. 4 (December 27, 2017): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijse.v3i4.111.
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Congestion lowers the network utilization, throughput which causes very large queuing delays, data loss and degrades quality of service. In this paper the technique Random Early Detection (RED) has been studied in more details and other queuing techniques have been derived in general in order to solve congestion problem in the computer networks. The simulation program has been built using C++ language to simulate Random Early Detection (RED) algorithm which gave a detailed result about the algorithm
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C K, Nikhil. "Video Calling With Build-In Compiler." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 1064–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43930.
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Abstract: In today's Internet world, many applications that were previously created on a desktop computer are now being created on the web. Many applications can be accessed anytime and anywhere easily using the Internet. Due to the pandemic, the job recruitment process has moved online via Zoom, Google Meet, and other video calling apps. But during every IT interview, the person who is giving the interview faces major problems such as one must share their screen via a video calling app and open a compiler to run the program given by the interviewer. If the student doesn’t have a compiler installed on his system, then they need to open a compiler in a web browser to compile the code. The purpose of this research is to design and develop a real-time code editor application using Web socket technology to help users collaborate during tech interviews. There is a feature in this application that allows video calling with a built-in compiler. Video calling with a built-in compiler is a web application that provides a workspace to write, perform, display the results of the code through the terminal, and collaborate with other users in real-time. It provides workspaces for creating, executing, and building source code, as well as for real-time collaboration, chat, and building terminals. This application supports C, C++, Java, and Python programming languages.
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Webber, Charles L. "A C-language program for the computation of power spectra on a laboratory microcomputer." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 22, no. 3 (June 1986): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-2607(86)90005-2.
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Fourtounis, Georgios, Nikolaos Papaspyrou, and Panagiotis Theofilopoulos. "Modular polymorphic defunctionalization." Computer Science and Information Systems 11, no. 4 (2014): 1417–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis130923030f.
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Defunctionalization is generally considered a whole-program transformation and thus incompatible with separate compilation. In this paper, we formalize a modular variant of defunctionalization which can support separate compilation for a functional programming language with parametric polymorphism. Our technique allows modules in a Haskell-like language to be separately defunctionalized and compiled, then linked together to generate an executable program. We provide a prototype implementation of our modular defunctionalization technique and we discuss the experiences of its application in compiling a large subset of Haskell to low-level C code, based on the intensional transformation.
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Lieberherr, Karl J., and Cun Xiao. "Customizing adaptive software to object-oriented software using grammars." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 05, no. 02 (June 1994): 179–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054194000104.
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Although numerous researchers have pointed out that object-oriented software is easier to extend than software that is not written in an object-oriented style, object-oriented software is still rigid to adapt and maintain. This paper builds on an extension of object-oriented programming which is called adaptive programming. Adaptive programming allows the programmer to write more extensible software called adaptive software without committing to a specific input language. After writing an adaptive program, the programmer selects a specific input language and partially evaluates the program into an executable program. This paper formally studies class dictionaries and informally describes how adaptive programs are partially evaluated by freezing class dictionaries. A class dictionary is mapped into classes of an object-oriented programming language, for example, C++, CLOS etc. A class dictionary defines both a set of objects and a set of sentences (a language). We derive a set of restrictions on class dictionaries which permit a simple printing algorithm and its inverse, a parsing algorithm, to be bijection functions between objects and sentences of the same class. We review propagation patterns for describing adaptive object-oriented software at a higher level of abstraction than the one used by today’s object-oriented programming languages. A propagation pattern is an adaptive program which defines a family of programs. From the family, we can select a member by choosing a class dictionary. The theory presented in this paper has been successfully implemented and used in the Demeter Tools/C++. The system consists of a set of tools that facilitate software evolution.
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Adawiyah Ritonga and Yahfizham Yahfizham. "Studi Literatur Perbandingan Bahasa Pemrograman C++ dan Bahasa Pemrograman Python pada Algoritma Pemrograman." Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Teknologi Informasi 3, no. 3 (November 10, 2023): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jutiti.v3i3.2863.
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Programming Language is a language used to write computer program codes. Programming languages allow programmers to instruct computers to perform certain tasks. There are many different programming languages such as Python, Java, C++, PHP, JavaScript and so on. This article only focuses on explaining the C++ and Python programming languages. The aim of this article is to find out the differences between the C++ and Python programming languages and to find out the advantages and functions of each programming language. From the results obtained, the two C++ programming languages are more focused on Windows development, while Python is more often used in software development and the C++ programming language is more difficult to understand than the Python programming language.
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Imam, Ayad Tareq, and Ayman Jameel Alnsour. "The Use of Natural Language Processing Approach for Converting Pseudo Code to C# Code." Journal of Intelligent Systems 29, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 1388–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2018-0291.
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Abstract Although current computer-aided software engineering tools support developers in composing a program, there is no doubt that more flexible supportive tools are needed to address the increases in the complexity of programs. This need can be met by automating the intellectual activities that are carried out by humans when composing a program. This paper aims to automate the composition of a programming language code from pseudocode, which is viewed here as a translation process for a natural language text, as pseudocode is a formatted text in natural English language. Based on this view, a new automatic code generator is developed that can convert pseudocode to C# programming language code. This new automatic code generator (ACG), which is called CodeComposer, uses natural language processing (NLP) techniques such as verb classification, thematic roles, and semantic role labeling (SRL) to analyze the pseudocode. The resulting analysis of linguistic information from these techniques is used by a semantic rule-based mapping machine to perform the composition process. CodeComposer can be viewed as an intelligent computer-aided software engineering (I_CASE) tool. An evaluation of the accuracy of CodeComposer using a binomial technique shows that it has a precision of 88%, a recall of 91%, and an F-measure of 89%.
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Intelligence and Neuroscience, Computational. "Retracted: Development and Teaching Application of Interactive Virtual Algorithm Animation of C Language Program." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2023 (October 18, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9805650.
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BAFTIU, Naim, and Samedin KRABAJ. "Creating Prototype Virus - Destroying Files and Texts on Any Computer." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 3, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v3i1.78.
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When we study how viruses work and prevent them, we've developed a very simple application where we can see a prototype of a virus and virus function, as well as neutralizing a file if we want to break it down its structure at the level of the bits Purpose-Understand how a virus works by programming it in a high programming language. In our case, the C # programming language with the Visual Studio program that uses the .Net Framework. With the Windows Form Application module, the same application we are creating can also use it to neutralize a sentence if we know it is infected by interfering with the file we set up itself and by disrupting the system his Binary.
Key words: Component, Virus, File, C# Programming, Visual Studio.
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McGuire, Richard A. "Computer-Based Instrumentation." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 26, no. 3 (July 1995): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2603.223.
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Currently, there are a number of useful computer-based programs available to assist speech-language pathologists in clinical intervention. As clinicians acquire computer-based systems, they must realize that responsible use of these systems is dependent on an understanding of the usefulness and limitations of this type of instrumentation. The purpose of this report is to provide a basic overview of (a) speech signal acquisition, (b) computer processing, and (c) some basic applications related to computer-based manipulation of speech. Although it may not be necessary for the clinician to configure and/or program these systems, a general understanding of the capacities and limitations of this instrumentation will provide a foundation for responsible and creative applications.
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Coelho, Alan A. "TOPASandTOPAS-Academic: an optimization program integrating computer algebra and crystallographic objects written in C++." Journal of Applied Crystallography 51, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576718000183.
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TOPASand its academic variantTOPAS-Academicare nonlinear least-squares optimization programs written in the C++ programming language. This paper describes their functionality and architecture. The latter is of benefit to developers seeking to reduce development time.TOPASallows linear and nonlinear constraints through the use of computer algebra, with parameter dependencies, required for parameter derivatives, automatically determined. In addition, the objective function can include restraints and penalties, which again are defined using computer algebra. Of importance is a conjugate gradient solution routine with bounding constraints which guide refinements to convergence. Much of the functionality ofTOPASis achieved through the use of generic functionality; for example, flexible peak-shape generation allows neutron time-of-flight (TOF) peak shapes to be described using generic functions. The kernel ofTOPAScan be run from the command line for batch mode operation or from a closely integrated graphical user interface. The functionality ofTOPASincludes peak fitting, Pawley and Le Bail refinement, Rietveld refinement, single-crystal refinement, pair distribution function refinement, magnetic structures, constant wavelength neutron refinement, TOF refinement, stacking-fault analysis, Laue refinement, indexing, charge flipping, and structure solution through simulated annealing.
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Chaplygin, А. А. "Using Metaprogramming Tools of the Common Lisp Language for the Development of Emulator Systems." Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: IT Management, Computer Science, Computer Engineering. Medical Equipment Engineering 13, no. 3 (January 27, 2024): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1536-2023-13-3-135-145.
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The purpose of research is to analyze and use metaprogramming in the Common Lisp language when designing and implementing emulators that simulate computer system hardware. The metaprogramming, the macro tools of the Common Lisp language and the use of macros for metaprogramming are considered.Methods. The Lisp language is characterized by its use of uniform S-expressions to represent data and programs. Thus, data can be part of a program and vice versa: a program can be data. Common Lisp macro tools allow you to directly modify the abstract syntax tree of a program, and thus it is possible to create new syntactic constructs to solve a given problem. When implementing emulator functions, macro tools of the Common Lisp language can be used to generate functions, where the common part of the functions is included in the macro, and the differences between the functions are specified in the parameters when calling the macros. Examples of this macros are: bit status register macros, generation of ariphmetic commands, comparation commands, memory commands. Using that you can significantly reduce the size of the program.Results. As a result of computer modeling, a simulator of the NES architecture (MOS 6502 processor) was developed and implemented in the conventional object-orientied C# programming language and in the Common Lisp metaprogramming language. As a result, the simulator written in a language with metaprogramming support turned out to be more than 2 times smaller than the simulator written in C#.Conclusion. The use of metaprogramming (using the example of creating emulators) can significantly reduce the size of a program, simplify and improve the program architecture, reduce the number of errors and improve the quality of programs. The use of domain specific languages lets reduce code size even more.
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Wang, Hao, and Ze Yu Han. "Applied Technology in Design and Implementation of Infrared Communication Module." Applied Mechanics and Materials 685 (October 2014): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.685.302.
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Infrared communication technology is a short-range wireless communications technology widely adopted in the world today range .This paper detailedly introduces the basic principles of infrared protocol. Infrared communications applications of this paper is to achieve system applications of infrared communication between two development boxes with an infrared transceiver modules.The program consists of PC program and lower computer program two parts,also are called infrared communication basic procedures and infrared communication console program.Running PC program on a PC,running lower computer program on the development box.Based on Borch-company's S3C2410-S ARM9, experimental development box implements a infrared communications infrastructure lower computer program based on serial meeting SIR standards.By calling the Qt graphics library,using the programming language C++,it achieves a visual infrared communication console PC program under linux system.
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Saric, Isad, Enis Muratovic, Adil Muminovic, Adis J. Muminovic, Mirsad Colic, Muamer Delic, Nedim Pervan, and Elmedin Mesic. "Integrated Intelligent CAD System for Interactive Design, Analysis and Prototyping of Compression and Torsion Springs." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010353.
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This paper presents the development and implementation of integrated intelligent CAD (computer aided design) system for design, analysis and prototyping of the compression and torsion springs. The article shows a structure of the developed system named Springs IICAD (integrated intelligent computer aided design). The system bounds synthesis and analysis design phases by means of the utilization of parametric 3D (three-dimensional) modeling, FEM (finite element method) analysis and prototyping. The development of the module for spring calculation and system integration was performed in the C# (C Sharp) programming language. Three-dimensional geometric modeling and structural analysis were performed in the CATIA (computer aided three-dimensional interactive application) software, while prototyping is performed with the Ultimaker 3.0 3D printer with support of Cura software. The developed Springs IICAD system interlinks computation module with the basic parametric models in such a way that spring calculation, shaping, FEM analysis and prototype preparation are performed instantly.
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Muntiari, Novita Ranti, and Kharis Hudaiby Hanif. "Application of the Certainty Factor Method for Diagnosing Osteoarthritis Using the Python Programming Language." Journal of Advanced Health Informatics Research 1, no. 1 (February 18, 2023): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.59247/jahir.v1i1.17.
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Osteoarthritis is a disease that causes the joints in the bones to become weaker and less able to function properly. Osteoarthritis can cause pain, stiffness, and even deformity in the joints. The solution to the problem of diagnosing Osteoarthritis is to use a tool, namely a system (expert system) that uses computer technology to make decisions more easily, effectively and efficiently. This study uses the Certainty Factor method in diagnosing osteoarthritis and uses 8 symptoms, namely, pain in the joints, joints feel stiff, clicks or cracks appear when the joints are bent or moved, joints lose their flexibility properties, joints feel softer when pressure is applied, spurs appear bones around the joints, namely hard and sharp bony protrusions, swelling around the joints, and muscles around the joints. The conclusions from the calculations and program implementation, the application of the certainty factor in diagnosing osteoarthritis with existing test data, results in 95.38% that the patient has severe symptoms of osteoarthritis, so he must be taken to an orthopedic specialist.
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Sulistianingsih, Ellese, and M. Mukminan. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF WEB-BASED LEARNING MULTIMEDIA FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ LITHOSPHERE MATERIAL." Geosfera Indonesia 4, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i1.9882.
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Science and Technology develop very fast in every aspect of life, including in the aspect of education. As the development of science and technology, guiding teachers to be able to make use various kinds of creative and innovative learning media in learning process at school is needed in order to increase the effectivity of the learning process which will have impact on the students’ learning motivation and learning outcomes. According to the explanation, learning multimedia needs to be developed in order to increase the students’ learning motivation and learning outcomes. This research is a research and development (R&D), which is then modified by using Tessmer formative evaluation. The analysis results show that the web-based learning multimedia for lithosphere material has been proven its eligibility, that the web-based learning is valid, practical, to be used in learning process and is effective in increasing students learning motivation and learning outcomes.
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Türkmen, Aysun, Yalcin Yesil, and Mahmut Kayar. "Heuristic production line balancing problem solution with MATLAB software programming." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 28, no. 6 (November 7, 2016): 750–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-01-2016-0002.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find the most efficient assembly line balancing solution across many heuristic line balancing methods, in assistance with a developed computer program. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, assembly line balancing problem was analyzed using t-shirt and knitted pants data. A computer program using MATLAB software for the solution of assembly line balancing problems has been developed. In this study, following heuristic assembly line balancing methods were applied: Hoffman method; position weight method; COMSOAL method; and Kilbridge and Wester method. A MATLAB program has been developed by taking into account of theoretical solution of all these methods. Later the program is developed further by analyzing solutions made manually and is made to verify the developed program. Findings Pre-studies which were conducted in order to decide which programming language would be the best choice for line balancing methods’ application came out with the result that MATLAB, from between C, C++, C# and Java, would be the best software choice. The main reason for this choice is that MATLAB is a powerful matrix operation software with a powerful user interface designing tool and has the tools to make development program to be used universally in every computer. Originality/value When the researches were investigated, it is clearly seen that, this study is the first research on using computer program for solving assembly line balancing problem.
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TANIKAWA, Koji, Yoshiaki MATSUMOTO, Mitsuo MATSUMOTO, and Masamichi FUKUOKA. "Development of a Computer Program, MDGP, for Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis Written Using ANSI C Language on Wide Platforms." Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 21, no. 8 (1998): 847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.21.847.
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Chen, Li-Shan, Yen-Ming Tseng, and Xiao-Na Lin. "Artificial intelligence in safety system." MATEC Web of Conferences 185 (2018): 00009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818500009.
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This research aims to study learning environment, and let the learning environment become smart. Swarm intelligence, cloud computing, and active Ultra-High Frequency RFID were used on it. We built friendly human-computer-interface software for users to use as pad phone. The Extensible Markup Language (XML) and C sharp language were used in this research. If the users begin to search, the kernel safety learning system automatically communicates with other RFID readers by agents, and the agents can search the closer camera for users. This study’s result has successfully implemented to Chin-Huo educational organization, and it would be helpful for the paterfamilias to hold all situations about their children at Chin-Huo educational organization. Paterfamilias can understand their children’s learning, going to Chin-Huo and leaving Chin-Huo through personal computers, or notebooks simultaneously or asynchronously by the computer-mediated communication. That will be great help in the grip of whole after-school remedial education, teaching and learning situation.
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Zhao, Yan Qiu, Hong Ling Zhang, and Xiao Feng Zhang. "Study on Central Air-Conditioning System Based on Fuzzy Prediction Control." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.644.
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To improve the energy efficiency of central air-conditioning system, established a central air-conditioning control system based on fuzzy prediction control and LonWorks. Fuzzy prediction controller design consist of upper computer and lower computer. Upper computer fuzzy control program written in VB to achieve system main components of energy conservation, and used the "WebAccess" to monitor the air-conditioning system. Lower computer used the Neuron C language program to achieve energy-saving of air-conditioning terminal equipment and downloaded to the intelligent node of neuron chip to achieve energy-saving control. Finally, given the fuzzy control effect diagram.
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M., Abdelelah K., and Abdulaleem Abdul Fatah. "Real Time Speed Control of DC Motor by Programming the Fuzzy Controller in C Language." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 23, no. 3 (August 31, 2016): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.23.3.10.
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The fuzzy controller is one of the intelligent soft computing methods that realize a human being hierarchy sense and expert by building the program that realized it . In this work real time implementation of a fuzzy controller is realized by programming the industrial computer in c++ language. The performed fuzzy controller has two inputs and one output. The inputs are the speed error and change in error with controller output as PWM. The applied program architecture uses the matrix representation and subroutines for data entering the linguistic memberships for both error and change in error and performing rule-base in the inference mechanism using fuzzy logic . The output of the defuzification is pulse width modulation to the chopper drive circuit. The result shows good a fulfillment of the soft computing of the controller and with fast response and the effect of load as a disturbance on the shaft of the motor has been rejected quickly.
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Liu, Long, Yong Bin Wang, and Qi Wang. "Design of Radio Program Production System Based on CSCW." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 3377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.3377.
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Considering the feature of high-security and complex business logic of radio program production, combining with the theory of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), we designed and implemented a radio program production system with high-security and strong practicability. Based on the C/S structure and .Net platform, the system implements the unity query management of different data sources by applying and extending the Language Integrated Query (LINQ) technology. This paper focuses on the overall architecture, service module and key technologies of the production system.
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Farthing, I., G. Love, VD Scott, and CT Walker. "A new and versatile computer program for correcting EPMA data." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1658–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100132923.
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A new computer program has been developed to convert electron probe microanalysis data into accurate measurements of chemical composition. It is menu-based and designed to operate off-line using any IBM PC compatible computer. As shown in the flowchart, fig. 1, the architecture is modular and the programming language adopted is a compilable version of BASIC which possesses much of the processing speed associated with FORTRAN or C. Specimens containing up to fifteen elements, with 4 ≤ Z ≤ 96, can be handled and all the major x-ray lines (Kα, Kβ, Lα, L(β, Mα and Mβ) are available for analysis purposes.The procedure itself is based upon the classical ZAF approach in which corrections for atomic number (Z), x-ray absorption (A), characteristic fluorescence (Fl) and continuum fluorescence (F2) are treated independently. The factors dealing with fluorescence are essentially those of Reed (characteristic) and Springer (continuum) although both contain minor updates. However, the atomic number and absorption factors are the authors' own and the latter, developed from a quadrilateral representation of the x-ray distribution with depth in a solid, distinguishes this program from others.
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Zhang, Yuwei. "Comparative study of the execution efficiency of Python and C++Based on topological sorting." Applied and Computational Engineering 34, no. 1 (January 22, 2024): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/34/20230288.
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C++, a compiled language, and Python, an interpreted language, are among those essential coding languages that function in diverse areas of the current computer industry. However, different languages have disparate benefits and fit in various circumstances. When large amounts of data are involved or fast execution speed is required, one should consider which language performs better. This research mainly aims to find out whether C++ or Python is more efficient through Topological Sorting, which is utilized to linearize the vertices of a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). In the approach of coding the Topological Sorting algorithm in C++ and Python and comparing their execution times on each matrix representing a DAG randomly generated by a Python program, it is concluded that C++ generally has a higher efficiency than Python.
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Tag, M. A., and M. E. Mansour. "Automatic computing of the grand potential in finite temperature many-body perturbation theory." International Journal of Modern Physics C 30, no. 11 (November 2019): 1950100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183119501006.
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A new program created in C/C[Formula: see text] language generates automatically the analytic expression of grand potential and prints it in Latex2e format and in textual data. Another code created in Mathematica language can translate the textual data into a mathematical expression and help any interested to evaluate the thermodynamic quantities in analytic or numeric forms.
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Karthikeyan, Thangaraj, and Saibaba Saroja. "GBgeom: a computer program for visualizing texture parameters and simulating grain boundary structures in cubic crystals." Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, no. 4 (July 4, 2013): 1221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889813014283.
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GBgeom is a computer graphics program developed for unraveling the relations between different texture parameters and for simulating the basic unrelaxed atomic structures at grain boundary planes in body- and face-centered cubic crystalline materials. It could be a useful tool to materials researchers for interpreting texture data and for deciphering the possible ordered structures at grain boundaries. The software has been developed using the Visual C++ language, and OpenGL routines have been used for rendering various outputs and implementing an intuitive user interface.
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Goloboff, Pablo A., and Martín E. Morales. "A phylogenetic C interpreter for TNT." Bioinformatics 36, no. 13 (March 28, 2020): 3988–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa214.
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Abstract Motivation TNT (a widely used program for phylogenetic analysis) includes an interpreter for a scripting language, but that implementation is nonstandard and uses several conventions of its own. This article describes the implementation and basic usage of a C interpreter (with all the ISO essentials) now included in TNT. A phylogenetic library includes functions that can be used for manipulating trees and data, as well as other phylogeny-specific tasks. This greatly extends the capabilities of TNT. Availability and implementation Versions of TNT including the C interpreter for scripts can be downloaded from http://www.lillo.org.ar/phylogeny/tnt/.
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Madlazim, M., and Bagus Jaya Santosa. "Computational physics Using Python: Implementing Maxwell Equation for Circle Polarization." Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) 1, no. 1 (June 14, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v1n1.p1-7.
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Python is a relatively new computing language, created by Guido van Rossum [A.S. Tanenbaum, R. van Renesse, H. van Staveren, G.J. Sharp, S.J. Mullender, A.J. Jansen, G. van Rossum, Experiences with the Amoeba distributed operating system, Communications of the ACM 33 (1990) 46–63; also on-line at http://www.cs.vu.nl/pub/amoeba/, which is particularly suitable for teaching a course in computational physics. There are two questions to be considered: (i) For whom is the course intended? (ii) What are the criteria for a suitable language, and why choose Python? The criteria include the nature of the application. High performance computing requires a compiled language, e.g., FORTRAN. For some applications a computer algebra, e.g., Maple, is appropriate. For teaching, and for program development, an interpreted language has considerable advantages: Python appears particularly suitable. Python‟s attractions include (i) its system of modules which makes it easy to extend, (ii) its excellent graphics (VPython module), (iii) its excellent on line documentation, (iv) it is free and can be downloaded from the web. Python and VPython will be described briefly, and some programs demonstrated numerical and animation of some phenomenal physics. In this article, we gave solution of circle polarization by solving Maxwell equation.
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Zielińska, M., and K. Grębowski. "Computer-Aided Construction at Designing Reinforced Concrete Columns as Per Ec." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 20, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijame-2015-0013.
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Abstract The article presents the authors’ computer program for designing and dimensioning columns in reinforced concrete structures taking into account phenomena affecting their behaviour and information referring to design as per EC. The computer program was developed with the use of C++ programming language. The program guides the user through particular dimensioning stages: from introducing basic data such as dimensions, concrete class, reinforcing steel class and forces affecting the column, through calculating the creep coefficient taking into account the impact of imperfection depending on the support scheme and also the number of mating members at load shit, buckling length, to generating the interaction curve graph. The final result of calculations provides two dependence points calculated as per methods of nominal stiffness and nominal curvature. The location of those points relative to the limit curve determines whether the column load capacity is assured or has been exceeded. The content of the study describes in detail the operation of the computer program and the methodology and phenomena which are indispensable at designing axially and eccentrically the compressed members of reinforced concrete structures as per the European standards.
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Ma, Jie, Xiao Feng Zha, Hai Bin Tao, and Jun Fang Ni. "Testing System of Needle Selectors for Jacquard Knitting Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1174.
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Based on piezoelectric theory of computer jacquard circular knitting machines, the needle selectors are analyzed under various complicated working conditions. According to characteristics of the inverse piezoelectric effect, the control system for needle mechanisms is designed and the driving program is implemented by C language, which is used to test the functions of needle mechanisms.
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Keandoungchun, Nantapong, Jitimon Angskun, and Thara Angskun. "Motivation to Learning Computer Programing Using a Game Application." International Journal of Information and Education Technology 13, no. 11 (2023): 1755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.11.1986.
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Computer programming is a course studied in almost all fields; nevertheless, the survey found that many students obtain low grades or withdraw from the computer programming course because the students lack the motivation to learn. This article proposes the development of a game application for motivating computer programming learning. The contents of computer programming lessons are designed in the game style. In addition, gamification concepts encourage the students to learn the lessons. This research assesses the student’s motivation to study the C language program. The sample consisted of 245 students studying C language. The motivation assessment questionnaire was divided into seven aspects, namely 1) a Future-oriented person, 2) an Ambitious person, 3) a Diligent person, 4) a Success-oriented person, 5) a Responsible person, 6) a Hardworking person, and 7) a Venturesome person. The evaluation results indicated that the game application encourages students to learn computer programming. When considering students’ motivation before and after learning using the game application, the results revealed that the average motivation in all seven aspects increased significantly. The aspect of ambitious person differed significantly at the 0.01 level, while the aspects of future-oriented, diligent, responsible, hardworking, and venturesome persons differed significantly at the 0.05 level.
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Zhao, Baijun, and Gavriel Salvendy. "Psychology of Computer Use: XXXVIII. Compatibility of Task Presentation and Task Structure in Human-Computer Interaction." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 1 (August 1996): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.1.163.
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Task presentation concerns how information is presented. Previous studies of differences between the alphanumeric presentation and the graphic presentation of task information have reported inconclusive or inconsistent results because the effect of task structure and its interaction with task presentation have been ignored. This study explored the compatibility between task presentation and task structure. Two forms of task presentation, namely, the alphanumeric presentation and the graphic presentation, were examined. Two types of task structure, namely, linear procedural and conditional branching, were examined. A nested factorial experiment was conducted for a comprehension of computer programs. Program code written in C programming language was used as the alphanumeric presentation of computer programs. Flowchart was the graphic presentation of computer programs. 32 subjects participated, 16 being exposed only to the alphanumeric presentation, while another 16 were exposed only to the graphic presentation. Each subject performed tasks with both types of structure. Four measures were collected, task completion time, number of errors, subjective rating of task difficulty, and subjective rating of mental workload. Analysis indicated significant interaction between presentation and the structure of task on all four measures. On each measure, the graphic flowchart presentation was more compatible with the conditional branching tasks than the alphanumeric program code presentation. On the two subjective measures of task difficulty and mental workload, the alphanumeric program code presentation was more compatible with the linear procedural tasks than the graphic flowchart presentation.