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Isman, Reza Kamaluddin, Desi Dyah Sulistyarini, and Prihatin Oktivasari. "RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI BARANG JASA MENGGUNAKAN C#, WPF, DAN SQL SERVER 2012." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Terapan 4, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/jtit.v4i1.22.
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Barang Jasa is an application that used for Divisi Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa. Barang Jasa serves to record every purchase of goods and services used to meet the needs of both fleet and crew in the long term. Barang Jasa also serves to make the Nota Dinas to be processed by Divisi Keuangan on the purchase of goods and services that have been performed. This application was created by using Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), which is a Microsoft technology to create desktop applications. This application was made using the method protoyping development,C# as a programming language, WPF as a interface design technology, and SQL Server 2012 as the database. WPF can present the appearance that can be tailored to user needs. This study discusses the interface, backend applications, and database design. After testing the flexibility of the interface on the screen with a resolution of 1366 x 768, 1024 x 768 and 1280 x 720, proves that WPF can adjust the screen resolution being tested. The test results showed that the backend of Barang Jasa application are functioning properly, the test is done using sql query by entering the required parameters, for example username and password to log in and match the query returns results with what is displayed by the application.
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Paunović, Srđan. "WPF IMPLEMENTACIJA KONFIGURABILNE RIBBON KONTROLE." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 34, no. 01 (December 10, 2018): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/01be35paunovic.
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U radu je prezentovan projekat u kom je implementirana komandna traka sa kontrolama, pomoću koje se ubrzava korišćenje aplikacije. Traka je korisnički interfejs koji povećava mogućnost otkrivanja aplikacionih mogućnosti i funkcija. Rad je realizovan u programskom jeziku C# korišćenjem WPF grafičkog podsistema.
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Aoki, Takayoshi, Taketoshi Umeda, and Yoshitaka Kako. "Cleavage of the linkage between colloidal calcium phosphate and casein on heating milk at high temperature." Journal of Dairy Research 57, no. 3 (August 1990): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002202990002700x.
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SummaryIn order to examine the effect of heating on the changes in the linkage between colloidal Ca phosphate (CCP) and casein, high-performance gel chromatography of casein micelles disaggregated by 6 M-urea was carried out using 6 M-urea simulated milk ultrafiltrate as the effluent. Although the CCP content increased when whey protein-free (WPF) milk was heated at 60–90 °C for 10 min, almost no changes in the content of casein aggregates cross-linked by CCP were observed. The content of casein aggregates cross-linked by CCP decreased from 51·9 to 46·1% in WPF milk and from 52·3 to 43·6% in concentrated WPF milk on heating at 135–140 °C for 75 s, indicating the cleavage of the linkage between CCP and casein. The cleavage of the linkage between CCP and casein on heating was considered to occur without liberation of ester phosphate groups. It was suggested that the transformation of CCP to another form was responsible for the cleavage between CCP and casein on heating milk at high temperature
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Ramírez-Rodríguez, Laura Cristina, Luis Eduardo Díaz Barrera, María Ximena Quintanilla-Carvajal, Didilia Ileana Mendoza-Castillo, Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet, and Carlos Jiménez-Junca. "Preparation of a Hybrid Membrane from Whey Protein Fibrils and Activated Carbon to Remove Mercury and Chromium from Water." Membranes 10, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10120386.
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Water contamination by mercury and chromium has a direct effect in human health. A promising technology to remove heavy metals by membrane filtration is the use of hybrid membranes produced with whey protein fibrils (WPF) and activated carbon (AC). In this study, the best conditions to produce WPF by heat treatment were determined to maximize the removal of mercury and chromium from water using a central composed design. The results indicated that the best conditions to prepare WPF were 74 °C, 7 h and 3.8% of whey protein with adsorption capacities of 25 and 18 mg/g and removal efficiencies of 81 and 57% for mercury and chromium, respectively. WPF and AC were used to prepare a hybrid membrane that was characterized using transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurements. Batch filtration experiments were performed with the hybrid membrane for chromium and mercury removal at 25, 50 and 100 mg/L to determine its adsorption capacities. A high performance of the hybrid membrane was demonstrated removing efficiently mercury and chromium from water, thus supporting more than ten filtration cycles.
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Stevulova, Nadezda, Vojtech Vaclavik, Viola Hospodarova, and Tomáš Dvorský. "Recycled Cellulose Fiber Reinforced Plaster." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 2986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112986.
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This paper aims to develop recycled fiber reinforced cement plaster mortar with a good workability of fresh mixture, and insulation, mechanical and adhesive properties of the final hardened product for indoor application. The effect of the incorporation of different portions of three types of cellulose fibers from waste paper recycling into cement mortar (cement/sand ratio of 1:3) on its properties of workability, as well as other physical and mechanical parameters, was studied. The waste paper fiber (WPF) samples were characterized by their different cellulose contents, degree of polymerization, and residues from paper-making. The cement to waste paper fiber mass ratios (C/WPF) ranged from 500:1 to 3:1, and significantly influenced the consistency, bulk density, thermal conductivity, water absorption behavior, and compressive and flexural strength of the fiber-cement mortars. The workability tests of the fiber-cement mortars containing less than 2% WPF achieved optimal properties corresponding to plastic mortars (140–200 mm). The development of dry bulk density and thermal conductivity values of 28-day hardened fiber-cement mortars was favorable with a declining C/WPF ratio, while increasing the fiber content in cement mortars led to a worsening of the water absorption behavior and a lower mechanical performance of the mortars. These key findings were related to a higher porosity and weaker adhesion of fibers and cement particles at the matrix-fiber interface. The adhesion ability of fiber-cement plastering mortar based on WPF samples with the highest cellulose content as a fine filler and two types of mixed hydraulic binder (cement with finely ground granulated blast furnace slag and natural limestone) on commonly used substrates, such as brick and aerated concrete blocks, was also investigated. The adhesive strength testing of these hardened fiber-cement plaster mortars on both substrates revealed lime-cement mortar to be more suitable for fine plaster. The different behavior of fiber-cement containing finely ground slag manifested in a greater depth of the plaster layer failure, crack formation, and in greater damage to the cohesion between the substrate and mortar for the observed time.
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Kulakova, Irina, Ol'ga Lebedeva, and Yuliya Poltavskaya. "DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL LOCATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION CENTER IN THE PRESET TERRITORY." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2020, no. 1 (June 16, 2020): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2020-1-141-142.
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This article discusses the problem of determining the optimal location of the distribution center in a given territory and the ways to solve it, through implementation in C # in Visual Studio 2019 using WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation) technology, which is a subsystem for building graphical interfaces.
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Mavrevski, Radoslav, Metodi Traykov, and Ivan Trenchev. "Finding the shortest path in a graph and its visualization using C# and WPF." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 2054. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp2054-2059.
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The shortest path problem is a classic problem in mathematics and computer science with applications in Economics (sequential decision making, analysis of social networks, etc.). The presented work is an example of realizing and applying of Dijkstra's algorithm to find the shortest path between two vertices in a connected, undirected graph, which is often a solved problem at a time annual International Olympiad in Informatics. For this purpose, are used the technologies, .NET 4.0, Visual Studio 2010, and WPF for the graphical user interface. The implemented program allows drawing an undirected graph, visualizing the shortest path between two vertices and finding its value. This software is a valuable tool for the study of Dijkstra's algorithm and is a great pedagogic instrument. All figures of path visualization included in this paper are actual screenshots of our visualization program.
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Köstekli Büyükcan, Mine, and Sibel Karakaya. "Comparison of some functional properties and protein profiles of different protein sources with egg components." Italian Journal of Food Science 33, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v33i2.2055.
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Emulsifying and foaming properties of plant and animal-sourced proteins; wheat protein hydrolysates (WP1, WP2, and WP3), potato protein isolates (PP1, PP2), pea proteins isolates (PeP1, PeP2), whey protein concentrate (WPC), and buttermilk powder (BMP) were compared with the egg white powder (EWP) and egg yolk powder (EYP). Foaming capacity, stability, emulsion activity, stability, heat stability, morphology, and electrophoretic protein profiles were determined. The proteins representing competitive emulsifying functions were PeP1, WPC, and BMP. Heat treatment for 30 min at 80°C remarkably reduced the emulsion activity (EA) of EYP. Our findings demonstrated that patatin-rich potato protein (PP1), an allergen-free and vegan option, has great potential to replace the foaming function of the egg white. The relationship between the protein profiles of the samples and their functional properties was further discussed in detail.
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Miao, Lu, Shu Yuan Shang, and Chen Xi Cai. "Research on Image Binding Mechanism Based on Kinect Skeletal Tracking in Virtual Fitting System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 376 (August 2013): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.376.437.
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On the basis of kinect skeleton track data module, proposing a skeleton track-bound algorithm, you can implement static clothing pictures real time interaction with dynamic characters, combined with WPF in Visual Studio 2010, the corresponding hardware and software resources, a set of accessible and language programming in c# virtual fitting system. Kinect human key joint points coordinates of the corresponding parameter, a corresponding operation, bound to the clothes in the image, makes the image size can be based on different size fitting character change, achieving the desired effect of fitting.
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Liu, Jin Gang. "Applied Research of Somatosensory Game Based on Kinect and Unity 3D Data Integration Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 667 (October 2014): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.667.177.
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The paper analyzes data integration technology about Kinect and Unity3D. Authors design scheme based on WPF and Unity 3D internal calling mode. System includes screen show module, Unity3D and Kinect interface module and data acquisition module. There are scene settings, rigging, mirroring sports, close-range model, smoothing processing and other functions in Unity3D; and codes implement the device control, rigging algorithm, equipment image acquisition in Kinect. Tested by C # on unmanaged dll's management, it is a good scheme to import Kinect hardware driver program and calling a custom data structures and algorithms to achieve the unity 3D scene. In the unity 3D scene, Kinect somatosensory camera control motion of models to improve the development efficiency of somatosensory game, which has certain social value in development and application of somatosensory game.
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Naugler, David. "Review of "Pro WPF in C# 2008: Windows Presentation Foundation with .NET 3.5 (2nd ed.)," Apress, 2008, $54.99, ISBN: 1590599551." Queue 6, no. 5 (September 2008): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1454456.1454468.
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Wang, Jian Guo, Qiang Ji, and Xiao Yu Jiang. "The Combined Development of Ogre and WPF Based on its Applications in the Field of Medical Education Software." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 2296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2296.
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Ogre (Object-Oriented Graphics Rendering Engine) is a scenario-oriented, versatile 3D engine developed in C++ language. Its serves the purpose of allowing the developers easier and more direct usage of hardware acceleration in the development and applications of 3 dimensional graphics system. This library has hidden all details involved in bottom system library (for example: Direct 3D and OpenGL) and provided an interface based on world object and other intuitions. The Ogre engine affords developers an open source, Multi-Systems support as well as comprehensive 3D drawing engine abilities among other features. WPF was a user interface framework developed by Microsoft based on NET Framework 3.0 architecture basis. It has the advantage of allowing the programmer fast processing of complex controls and interfaces. Furthermore, it breaks the limitations in traditional MFC (Microsoft Foundation Class) format interface drawing. The purpose of this paper is to set forth answering the question of how to combine the applications of both technologies and realize the complete separation between interface engineers and engineers. In addition to improving working efficiency, how to develop robust application software that has visually pleasing interface for software companies.
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Skylstad, Vilde, Harriet Aber, Victoria Bakken, Jutta Dierkes, Silje Akselberg Iversen, Esther Kisaakye, Melf-Jakob Kühl, et al. "Child alcohol use disorder in Eastern Uganda: screening, diagnostics, risk factors and management of children drinking alcohol in Uganda (TREAT C-AUD): a mixed-methods research protocol." BMJ Paediatrics Open 5, no. 1 (July 2021): e001214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001214.
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BackgroundFollowing a finding of alcohol use among children aged 5–8 years old in Mbale, Uganda, this project investigates the magnitude of alcohol and substance use among children ged 6–13 years old and related household, community, school, health system and clinical factors.MethodsThe project includes four larger work packages (WPs). WP1 comprises management, WP2 and 3 include the scientific components and WP4 includes integration of results, dissemination, policy and implementation advice. This protocol presents the planned research work in WP 2 and 3. WP2 comprises the adaptation and validation of the alcohol use screening tool Car-Relax-Alone-Forget-Family and Friends-Trouble (CRAFFT) to the age group and setting. WP3 comprises four substudies (SS). SS1 is a cross-sectional community household survey with an estimated sample size of 3500 children aged 6–13 years and their caregivers. We apply cluster sampling and systematic sampling within the clusters. Data collection includes a structured questionnaire for caregiver and child, measuring social and demographic factors, mental health status, alcohol and substance use, nutrition history and anthropometry. Urine samples from children will be collected to measure ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a biological marker of alcohol intake. Further, facilitators, barriers and response mechanisms in the health system (SS2) and the school system (SS3) is explored with surveys and qualitative assessments. SS4 includes qualitative interviews with children. Analysis will apply descriptive statistics for the primary outcome of establishing the magnitude of alcohol drinking and substance use, and associated factors will be assessed using appropriate regression models. The substudies will be analysed independently, as well as inform each other through mixed methods strategies at the stages of design, analysis, and dissemination.Ethics and disseminationData protection and ethical approvals have been obtained in Uganda and Norway, and referral procedures developed. Dissemination comprises peer-reviewed, open access research papers, policy recommendations and intersectoral dialogues.Trial registration numberClinicaltrials.gov 29.10.2020 (#NCT04743024).
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Setyani, Fatima, R. Rizal Isnanto, and Kurniawan Teguh Martono. "Pengenalan Bahasa Inggris untuk Anak Melalui Permainan Edukasi "The Zoo" Berbasis Kinect." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 2, no. 1 (January 3, 2014): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.2.1.2014.136-142.
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Bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa universal memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, namun kemampuan bahasa Inggris masyarakat Indonesia masih tergolong sangat rendah. Pembelajaran bahasa Inggris merupakan upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dan haruslah dimulai sejak dini dengan metode yang menyenangkan. Oleh karena itu dibangunlah permainan “The Zoo” berbasis Kinect sebagai media pengenalan bahasa Inggris untuk anak yang menghadirkan pengalaman interaksi baru terhadap pemain .Permainan “The Zoo” dibangun dari WPF C# project dan menggunakan Kinect SDK versi 1.6. Tahapan perancangan terdiri dari menentukan tujuan dan memilih tema; melakukan riset tema terkait; merancang struktur I/O, struktur pemrograman, dan struktur permainan; pemrograman; pengujian; dan pengambilan umpan balik.Permainan “The Zoo” telah diuji di TK Al Azhar 14 Semarang. Hasil pengujian fungsional dengan metode kotak hitam menunjukkan bahwa permainan ini dapat berjalan dengan baik pada sistem operasi Windows 7 di lingkungan .NET Framework 4.5. Metode pengujian pemain yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dimana kelompok eksperimen diberikan perlakuan berupa pembelajaran menggunakan media permainan “The Zoo”. Hasil pengolahan data tes awal dan tes akhir menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata tes akhir kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi dari kelompok kontrol sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa permainan “The Zoo” telah mencapai tujuan awal permainan.a
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Gavalova, Lucia, Mary Halter, Helen Snooks, Chris Gale, Clive Weston, Alan Watkins, Scott Munro, et al. "PP19 Use and impact of the pre-hospital 12-lead electrocardiogram in the primary PCI era (PHECG2): mixed methods study protocol." Emergency Medicine Journal 36, no. 10 (September 24, 2019): e9.1-e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2019-999abs.19.
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BackgroundThe pre-hospital 12-lead electrocardiogram (PHECG) is recommended in patients presenting to emergency medical services (EMS) with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Prior research found PHECG was associated with improved 30-day survival, but a third of ACS patients under EMS care did not have PHECG. Such patients tended to be female, older and/or with comorbidities. This previous study was undertaken when thrombolytic treatment was the main treatment for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI); practice has since shifted to a predominant interventional strategy – primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Moreover, the previous study relied solely on data collected by the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP), which does not include information on symptoms, EMS personnel gender, and other factors that may influence decision-making. The PHECG2 study addresses the following research questions: a) Is there a difference in 30-day mortality and reperfusion between those who do and do not receive PHECG? b) Has the proportion of eligible patients who receive PHECG changed since the introduction of pPCI networks? c) Are patients that receive PHECG different from those that do not in social and demographic factors, and in pre-hospital clinical presentation? d) What factors do EMS clinicians report as influencing their decision to perform PHECG?MethodsExplanatory sequential Quan-Qual mixed methods study comprising 4 Work Packages (WPs): WP1 a population based, linked data analysis of MINAP from 2010–2017 (n=510,000); WP2 retrospective chart review of EMS records from 3 EMS; WP3 focus groups with personnel from 3 EMS. WP4 will synthesise findings from WP1-3.ConclusionsGaining an understanding into the clinical and non-clinical factors influencing EMS clinicians’ decisions to record PHECG will enable us to develop (and later test through a randomised trial) an intervention to improve PHECG uptake and patient outcomes following an ACS event.
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Oriji, Boniface A., and Iribhogbe Silas Aire. "A Model Approach to Analytically Identify Stuck Pipe and Its Mechanism in Wellbore." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.3.1845.
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Stuck pipe incidents translate to non-productive time. There is a need to mitigate stuck pipe incidents which can be achieved by conforming to recommended practices. Also, quick diagnosis is necessary in order to free a stuck pipe. Trial-and-error method can further complicate the situation. This work aims at diagnosing stuck pipe mechanisms and recommend practices to free a stuck pipe. spANALYZE also estimates the axial force and torque needed to free a stuck pipe caused by differential sticking. spANALYZE is a thick desktop client application developed in C# using the Microsoft Visual Studio 2019 development environment. It is an object-oriented .NET application that utilizes the Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) architecture for its user interface. Each of the analyzers within spANALYZE were implemented generically as a list of nodes, representing the concept of a flow chart. New analyzers can easily be added simply by programmatically defining each node in the flow chart. Each node has a node identifier, a node type, node text, and the node identifiers of each answer – yes, no and restricted. spANALYZE presents the following benefits: quick and early detection of stuck pipe mechanisms, propose recommended action steps to free pipe, calculate stuck pipe depth, compute the torque and axial force needed to free a stuck string.
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Grace, PR, JM Oades, H. Keith, and TW Hancock. "Trends in wheat yields and soil organic carbon in the Permanent Rotation Trial at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute, South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 7 (1995): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950857.
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The Permanent Rotation Trial at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute in South Australia was established on a red-brown earth in 1925, with predominately cereal-long fallow rotations on 34 adjacent plots. The trial was upgraded in 1948 to include a greater proportion of pasture leys in the rotations and currently contains 11 treatments. The trial is unreplicated; however, each phase of a sequence is represented each year. Seven of the original rotations have remained in an unbroken sequence since 1925: continuous wheat (W), wheat-fallow (WF), wheat-peas (WPe), wheat-pasture-fallow (WPaF), wheatoats- fallow (WOF), wheat-barley-peas (WBPe), wheat-oats-pasture-fallow (WOPaF). For the 11 rotations, soil organic carbon (SOC) in the top 10 cm declined from 2.75% in 1925 to a mean value of 1.56% in 1993. One plot, which had reverted to permanent pasture in 1950, showed the smallest decline with an SOC content of 2.46% in 1993. The greatest declines in SOC were in the 4 original rotations that included fallow phases in the sequence (mean value of 1.22%). In the WF rotation the SOC content had declined from 2.75 to 1.04% during 68 years of cropping. Associated yield decreases showed that the treatment could not sustain production. Soil organic C declined linearly with increasing frequency of fallows and decreasing frequency of pasture in the rotations. Average grain yields (1925-93) in the 7 original sequences ranged from 2.64 t/ha in WOPaF to 0.89 t/ha in the continuous W plot. The linear decline in yields for WBPe, WPaF, WPe, and WOF treatments indicate a convergence in the 1990s under current management, with an average yield of 1.54 t/ha in 1993 and average SOC in the top 10 cm of 1.32%. We hypothesise that the gradual increase in grain yields from the continuous W plot since the 1960s is the result of a gradual build-up of light fraction organic material, which assists in the maintainence of structure and nutrient availability.
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Aghmashhadi, Omid Yazdani, Lisandra Rocha-Meneses, Nemailla Bonturi, Kaja Orupõld, Ghasem Asadpour, Esmaeil Rasooly Garmaroody, Majid Zabihzadeh, and Timo Kikas. "Effect of Ink and Pretreatment Conditions on Bioethanol and Biomethane Yields from Waste Banknote Paper." Polymers 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020239.
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Waste banknote paper is a residue from the banking industry that cannot be recycled due to the presence of ink, microbial load and special coating that provides protection against humidity. As a result, waste banknote paper ends up being burned or buried, which brings environmental impacts, mainly caused by the presence of heavy metals in its composition. To minimize the environmental impacts that come from the disposal of waste banknote paper, this study proposes to produce value-added products (bioethanol and biogas) from waste banknote paper. For this, the effect of ink and pretreatment conditions on bioethanol and biomethane yields were analyzed. Waste banknote paper provided by the Central Bank of Iran was used. The raw material with ink (WPB) and without ink (WPD) was pretreated using sulfuric acid at different concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) and the nitrogen explosive decompression (NED) at different temperatures (150 °C, 170 °C, 190 °C, and 200 °C). The results show that the use of NED pretreatment in WPD resulted in the highest glucose concentration of all studies (13 ± 0.19 g/L). The acid pretreatment for WPB showed a correlation with the acid concentration. The highest ethanol concentration was obtained from the fermentation using WPD pretreated with NED (6.36 ± 0.72 g/L). The maximum methane yields varied between 136 ± 5 mol/kg TS (2% acid WPB) and 294 ± 4 mol/kg TS (3% acid WPD). Our results show that the presence of ink reduces bioethanol and biogas yields and that the chemical-free NED pretreatment is more advantageous for bioethanol and biogas production than the acid pretreatment method. Waste banknote paper without ink is a suitable feedstock for sustainable biorefinery processes.
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Buffin, Rachel, Pierre Pradat, Jocelyne Trompette, Isabelle Ndiaye, Eliane Basson, Isabelle Jordan, and Jean-Charles Picaud. "Air and Water Processes Do Not Produce the Same High-Quality Pasteurization of Donor Human Milk." Journal of Human Lactation 33, no. 4 (June 11, 2017): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334417707962.
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Background: Holder pasteurization is the most commonly used technique in milk banks worldwide, but higher temperatures and longer pasteurization time have been associated with damage to the immune components of human milk. Research aim: This study aimed to assess the detailed pattern of pasteurization temperature using two water pasteurizers (WP1 and WP2) and one air pasteurizer (AP). Methods: The milk temperature during each phase of the pasteurization cycle was recorded using 6 to 9 probes, depending on the number of bottles, in the pasteurizers. We used 90 to 200 ml bottles to assess the effect of volume on milk temperature. Results: The time to heat the milk from room temperature to 58°C was 12.4, 12.9, and 64.5 min, respectively, for WP1, WP2, and the AP ( p < .0001). The duration of the plateau was 35.5, 35.2, and 45.8 min ( p < .0001). The duration of exposure to a temperature above 58°C was 49.6, 40.7, and 76.2 min ( p < .0001). The total duration of a full cycle was 79, 66, and 182 min ( p < .0001). The duration of exposure above 58°C for the different volumes of milk treated showed no difference when using WP1 but was significantly longer in small volumes when using WP2. Conclusion: Human milk treated using the air pasteurizer in our study was exposed to higher temperatures and for longer periods of time than the water pasteurizers we employed. Regular qualification of pasteurizers is requested when evaluating the effect of pasteurization on milk components and for routine treatment of human milk in milk banks.
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Mohamed, Ehab Mahmoud. "Cloud Cooperated Heterogeneous Cellular Networks for Delayed Offloading using Millimeter Wave Gates." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 63, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eletel-2017-0008.
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Abstract Increasing the capacity of wireless cellular network is one of the major challenges for the coming years. A lot of research works have been done to exploit the ultra-wide band of millimeter wave (mmWave) and integrate it into future cellular networks. In this paper, to efficiently utilize the mmWave band while reducing the total deployment cost, we propose to deploy the mmWave access in the form of ultra-high capacity mmWave gates distributed in the coverage area of the macro basestation (Macro BS). Delayed offloading is also proposed to proficiently exploit the gates and relax the demand of deploying a large number of them. Furthermore, a mobility-aware weighted proportional fair (WPF) user scheduling is proposed to maximize the intra-gate offloading efficiency while maintaining the long-term offloading fairness among the users inside the gate. To efficiently link the mmWave gates with the Macro BS in a unified cellular network structure, a cloud cooperated heterogeneous cellular network (CC-HetNet) is proposed. In which, the gates and the Macro BS are linked to the centralized radio access network (C-RAN) via high-speed backhaul links. Using the concept of control/user (C/U) plane splitting, signaling information is sent to the UEs through the wide coverage Macro BS, and most of users’ delayed traffic is offloaded through the ultra-high capacity mmWave gates. An enhanced access network discovery and selection function (eANDSF) based on a network wide proportional fair criterion is proposed to discover and select an optimal mmWave gate to associate a user with delayed traffic. It is interesting to find out that a mmWave gate consisting of only 4 mmWave access points (APs) can offload up to 70 GB of delayed traffic within 25 sec, which reduces the energy consumption of a user equipment (UE) by 99.6 % compared to the case of only using Macro BS without gate offloading. Also, more than a double increase in total gates offloaded bytes is obtained using the proposed eANDSF over using the conventional ANDSF proposed by 3GPP due to the optimality in selecting the associating gate.
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Dos Santos, Alessandro Carvalho Alves, Maria do Carmo de Carvalho e. Martins, Lorayne de Araújo Costa Pereira, Nicholas dos Santos Barros, and Moisés Lopes Carvalho. "Efeitos da Suplementação Alimentar com Whey Protein e Leucina em Ratos Normais." Journal of Health Sciences 18, no. 2 (May 19, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2016v18n2p121-128.
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<p>O uso indiscriminado de suplementos proteicos e à base de aminoácidos tem despertado o interesse em avaliar possíveis efeitos prejudiciais à saúde associados à ingestão de doses excessivas, especialmente sobre a função renal. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação alimentar com whey protein e leucina sobre a função renal, parâmetros metabólicos e massa corporal de ratos sob condições fisiológicas. Rattus norvegicus, pesando 327±24g foram distribuídos em cinco grupos (n=5-7/grupo) e alimentados com ração comercial e água ad libitum e tratados v.o com whey protein nas doses de 0,45 e 1,8 g/kg/dia (WP1 e WP2), leucina 0,675 e 1,35 g/kg/dia (LEU1 e LEU2), ou água (controle C). A suplementação foi feita por gavagem, diluindo-se os suplementos em água destilada em volume de 10 mL/kg. Após quatro semanas,<br />amostras de sangue foram obtidas e processadas para dosagens bioquímicas de creatinina, ureia, triglicérides, colesterol total e frações e glicemia de jejum. Para avaliação estatística, utilizou-se ANOVA seguida de pós-teste Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. Houve ganho de peso em WP2 e LEU2 e menor consumo alimentar em WP1, WP2 e LEU1. Não houve aumento dos níveis de creatinina e ureia plasmática, indicativos de disfunção renal. Foi observada redução estatisticamente significativa de triglicérides, colesterol total e glicemia de jejum em LEU1 quando comparado ao controle, p<0,05. Não houve interferência dos tratamentos sobre as frações LDL-c e HDL-c. A suplementação<br />alimentar com whey protein e leucina não resultou em danos renais. A leucina na dose de 0,675 g/Kg promoveu melhor perfil metabólico.</p>
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Becerra-Rodas, Constanza, Christian Little, Antonio Lara, Jorge Sandoval, Sebastián Osorio, and Jorge Nimptsch. "The Role of Streamside Native Forests on Dissolved Organic Matter in Forested and Agricultural Watersheds in Northwestern Patagonia." Forests 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2019): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10070595.
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Streamside native forests are known for their key role in water provision, commonly referred to as buffers that control the input or output of nutrients from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems (i.e., nitrogen or carbon cycle). In order to assess the functional role of indigenous forests along streamside channels, we measured 10 parameters associated with DOM (Dissolved Organic Matter) at 42 points in 12 small catchments (15–200 ha) dominated by native forests (reference, WNF), forest plantations (WFP) and agricultural lands (WAL) in which the land cover portion was calculated in the entire watershed and along 30 and 60-m wide buffer strips. We found that watersheds WFP and WAL were statistically different than WNF, according to DIC concentrations (Dissolved Inorganic Carbon) and the intensity of the maximum fluorescence of DOM components. Using linear models, we related streamside native forest coverage in buffer strips with DOM parameters. The increase of streamside native forest coverage in 60 m wide buffer strips (0–100%) was related to lower DIC concentrations (0.89 to 0.28 mg C L−1). In watersheds WFP and WAL, the humic and fulvic-like components (0.42 to 1.42 R.U./mg C L−1) that predominated were related to an increase in streamside native forest coverage in the form of a 60 m wide buffer strip (0–75%). This is evidence that streamside native forests influence outputs of detritus and lowered in-stream processing with concomitant downstream transport, and functional integrity and water quality. We propose that DOM quantity and quality may be a potential tool for the identification of priority areas near streams for conservation and ecological restoration in terms of recovery of water quality as an important ecosystem service. The results of this study are useful to inform policy and regulations about the width of streamside native forests as well as their characteristics and restrictions.
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Forsyth, Faye, Jonathan Mant, Clare J. Taylor, FD Richard Hobbs, Carolyn A. Chew-Graham, Thomas Blakeman, Emma Sowden, et al. "Optimising Management of Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Primary Care (OPTIMISE-HFpEF): rationale and protocol for a multi-method study." BJGP Open 3, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): bjgpopen19X101675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen19x101675.
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BackgroundHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is less well understood than heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), with greater diagnostic difficulty and management uncertainty.AimThe primary aim is to develop an optimised programme that is informed by the needs and experiences of people with HFpEF and healthcare providers. This article presents the rationale and protocol for the Optimising Management of Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Primary Care (OPTIMISE-HFpEF) research programme.Design & settingThis is a multi-method programme of research conducted in the UK.MethodOPTIMISE-HFpEF is a multi-site programme of research with three distinct work packages (WPs). WP1 is a systematic review of heart failure disease management programmes (HF-DMPs) tested in patients with HFpEF. WP2 has three components (a, b, c) that enable the characteristics, needs, and experiences of people with HFpEF, their carers, and healthcare providers to be understood. Qualitative enquiry (WP2a) with patients and providers will be conducted in three UK sites exploring patient and provider perspectives, with an additional qualitative component (WP2c) in one site to focus on transitions in care and carer perspectives. A longitudinal cohort study (WP2b), recruiting from four UK sites, will allow patients to be characterised and their illness trajectory observed across 1 year of follow-up. Finally, WP3 will synthesise the findings and conduct work to gain consensus on how best to identify and manage this patient group.ResultsResults from the four work packages will be synthesised to produce a summary of key learning points and possible solutions (optimised programme) which will be presented to a broad spectrum of stakeholders to gain consensus on a way forward.ConclusionHFpEF is often described as the greatest unmet need in cardiology. The OPTIMISE-HFpEF programme aims to address this need in primary care, which is arguably the most appropriate setting for managing HFpEF.
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Li, Xishan, Chengyan Wang, Nan Li, Yali Gao, Zhonglei Ju, Guoxiang Liao, and Deqi Xiong. "Combined Effects of Elevated Temperature and Crude Oil Pollution on Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus, Selenka)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020801.
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Currently, global climate change and oil pollution are two main environmental concerns for sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) aquaculture. However, no study has been conducted on the combined effects of elevated temperature and oil pollution on sea cucumber. Therefore, in the present study, we treated sea cucumber with elevated temperature (26 °C) alone, water-accommodated fractions (WAF) of Oman crude oil at an optimal temperature of 16 °C, and Oman crude oil WAF at an elevated temperature of 26 °C for 24 h. Results showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and total antioxidant capacity in WAF at 26 °C treatment were higher than that in WAF at 16 °C treatment, as evidenced by 6.03- and 1.31-fold-higher values, respectively. Oxidative damage assessments manifested that WAF at 26 °C treatment caused much severer oxidative damage of the biomacromolecules (including DNA, proteins, and lipids) than 26 °C or WAF at 16 °C treatments did. Moreover, compared to 26 °C or WAF at 16 °C treatments, WAF at 26 °C treatment induced a significant increase in cellular apoptosis by detecting the caspase-3 activity. Our results revealed that co-exposure to elevated temperature and crude oil could simulate higher ROS levels and subsequently cause much severer oxidative damage and cellular apoptosis than crude oil alone on sea cucumber.
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Guo, Yuqiu, Linlin Sun, Lirong Chen, Xingya Wang, Canguo Wang, and Kuijie Gong. "Applications of waxy corn flour based on physicochemical and processing properties: comparison with waxy rice flour and waxy corn starch." International Journal of Food Engineering 17, no. 5 (April 1, 2021): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2019-0170.
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Abstract The proximate composition, molecular weight distribution and main processing properties of waxy corn flour (WCF) were investigated. Furthermore, waxy corn starch (WCS) and waxy rice flour (WRF) were also determined to discuss the applications of WCF. WCS contained more low-molecular-weight fraction (<5 × 105 g/mol) and had higher polydispesity than waxy rice starch (WRS). The water hydration capacity of WCF was the lowest, whereas it had the highest swelling power at 70 and 80 °C. WCF had the highest pasting temperature of 74.85 °C, whereas that of WRF was 68.40 °C and WCS was 73.25 °C. WRF exhibited the lowest melting enthalpy change with a value of 2.54 ± 0.11 (J/g). The retrogradation resistance of WCF was better than that of WRF and WCS. The degree of retrogradation (DR) of WCF was 9.58 ± 0.59% at 14 d, corresponding to WCS of 25.08 ± 0.44% and WRF of 15.68 ± 0.71%. WRF had the lowest glass transition temperature of −27.4 versus −26.2 °C for WCF and −26.0 °C for WCS. It was found that WCF could be used to directly prepare quick-frozen viscous foods. It could also be used as a stabilizer to improve the quality of staple foods.
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Yang, Yuqiao, and Youliang Cheng. "Preparation and Performance of Asphalt Compound Modified with Waste Crumb Rubber and Waste Polyethylene." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5803709.
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Three kinds of modified asphalt were prepared by adding waste crumb rubber (WCR), waste polyethylene (WPE), and WCR/WPE to base asphalt, respectively. The influence of different doses on the performance of modified asphalt, such as 25°C penetration, softening point, 5°C ductility, and 135°C, 165°C viscosity, was studied, and the modification mechanism of modified asphalt was discussed through the fluorescence microscope. As the waterproofing materials, the waterproofness of WCR/WPE compound modified asphalt was tested. The results show that the WPE modified asphalt has excellent resistance to high temperature and WCR modified asphalt has good low temperature resistance. The resistance to deformation ability of WPE modified asphalt is better than that of the WCR modified asphalt. The 135°C viscosity of compound modified asphalt is better than that of WPE and WCR modified asphalt. In addition, the waterproofness of compound modified asphalt using waterproofing materials is better than that of common waterproofing materials.
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Chen, He, Shuai Zhang, Xin Cai, and Mingzhu Pan. "Effects of APP/SiO2polyelectrolyte composites on wood-plastic composite." MATEC Web of Conferences 275 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927501004.
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This paper was aimed to evaluate process of APP/SiO2, which used Nano-crystalline cellulose (NCC) modified ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as anionic polyelectrolyte (a-APP), and cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI) modified Nano–SiO2as cationic polyelectrolyte (c-SiO2). The flame retardant system was built due to the reaction of a-APP and c-SiO2. Polyelectrolyte composite of a-APP/c-SiO2were then assembled on the surface of wood powder and HDPE composites. The effect of polyelectrolytes on wood-plastic composites (WPC) were investigated and the results showed that the flame-retardant property of WPC treated by polyelectrolyte was the best. The average heat release rate was 152.8kW/m2, the peak heat release rate was 352.2kW/m2, the total heat release was 108.5kW/m2, the limit oxygen index reached the maximum was 27.5%, compared with the WPC treated by APP, the elongation at break increased by 60.4%. After anionic and cationic polyelectrolyte treatment, making anionized a-APP and cationized c-SiO2due to the charge interaction, in the WPC combustion process to form a dense, uniform WPC carbon layer, thereby reducing the heat transfer to the material inside, and increasing the flame retardancy of WPC composites.
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Alrubaie, Murtada Abass A., Roberto A. Lopez-Anido, Douglas J. Gardner, Mehdi Tajvidi, and Yousoo Han. "Modeling the hygrothermal creep behavior of wood plastic composite (WPC) lumber made from thermally modified wood." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 33, no. 8 (January 9, 2019): 1109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718820404.
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The viscoelastic behavior of an extruded wood plastic composite (WPC) made from thermally modified wood under hygrothermal treatment was studied and modeled. Multiple three-point bending creep/recovery tests were carried out using a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA) equipped with a submersible clamp. WPC specimens with a 15-mm span were subjected to two initial applied stresses; 9% and 14% of the flexural strength in 30 min of creep and 30 min of creep recovery under the combined effects of temperature (25°C, 35°C, and 45°C) and water immersion (saltwater (SW) and distilled water). A dry condition WPC control was used to compare the hygrothermal effects with respect to the control conditions. The WPC material in this article exhibited a linear viscoelastic behavior under the effect of temperature, whereas a nonlinear viscoelastic behavior was observed under immersion conditions. A power law model is considered a useful model to describe the creep behavior of WPC specimens with a 15-mm span in the control and the SW conditions and at 45°C. A power law model was used to describe 180-day creep deflection of WPC lumber beams with an 853-mm span subjected to 12 MPa of the flexural strength in four-point bending at 50% relative humidity and at 21°C. The power law model predicts that the WPC lumber will reach a flexural strain in outer fiber of 1% in approximately 150 years.
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Navis, Marit, Vanesa Muncan, Per Torp Sangild, Line Møller Willumsen, Pim J. Koelink, Manon E. Wildenberg, Evan Abrahamse, Thomas Thymann, Ruurd M. van Elburg, and Ingrid B. Renes. "Beneficial Effect of Mildly Pasteurized Whey Protein on Intestinal Integrity and Innate Defense in Preterm and Near-Term Piglets." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041125.
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Background. The human digestive tract is structurally mature at birth, yet maturation of gut functions such as digestion and mucosal barrier continues for the next 1–2 years. Human milk and infant milk formulas (IMF) seem to impact maturation of these gut functions differently, which is at least partially related to high temperature processing of IMF causing loss of bioactive proteins and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Both loss of protein bioactivity and formation of AGEs depend on heating temperature and time. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of mildly pasteurized whey protein concentrate (MP-WPC) compared to extensively heated WPC (EH-WPC) on gut maturation in a piglet model hypersensitive to enteral nutrition. Methods. WPC was obtained by cold filtration and mildly pasteurized (73 °C, 30 s) or extensively heat treated (73 °C, 30 s + 80 °C, 6 min). Preterm (~90% gestation) and near-term piglets (~96% gestation) received enteral nutrition based on MP-WPC or EH-WPC for five days. Macroscopic and histologic lesions in the gastro-intestinal tract were evaluated and intestinal responses were further assessed by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry and enzyme activity analysis. Results. A diet based on MP-WPC limited epithelial intestinal damage and improved colonic integrity compared to EH-WPC. MP-WPC dampened colonic IL1-β, IL-8 and TNF-α expression and lowered T-cell influx in both preterm and near-term piglets. Anti-microbial defense as measured by neutrophil influx in the colon was only observed in near-term piglets, correlated with histological damage and was reduced by MP-WPC. Moreover, MP-WPC stimulated iALP activity in the colonic epithelium and increased differentiation into enteroendocrine cells compared to EH-WPC. Conclusions. Compared to extensively heated WPC, a formula based on mildly pasteurized WPC limits gut inflammation and stimulates gut maturation in preterm and near-term piglets and might therefore also be beneficial for preterm and (near) term infants.
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Nurdin, Denny, Maulidia Indah Sari, Rahmi Alma Farah Adang, Indra Primathena, and Arief Cahyanto. "Antifungal Effectiveness between Tricalcium Silicate-White Portland Cements Added Bi2O3 and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Against Candida albicans." Open Dentistry Journal 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210602014010757.
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Background Candida albicans is the most dominant fungus found in root canal reinfection cases. This microorganism can withstand extreme pH, low oxygen levels, lack of nutrients, and penetrate the dentinal tubules so that it can resist the intracanal medicament. Root canal cement helps prevent microorganisms and causing root canal reinfection. MTA is one of the root canals cement which is widely used and has an excellent antifungal activity, but it is less beneficial economically. Tricalcium silicate-white Portland cement (WPC) has a similar main composition as MTA, except there is no Bi2O3 content that functions as a radiopacifier. Objectives: To fabricate a mixture of tricalcium silicate-WPC with Bi2O3 through a simple solution method and investigate antifungal activity's effectiveness between tricalcium silicate-WPC added Bi2O3 and MTA to C. albicans. Materials and Methods: The 80 g of tricalcium silicate-WPC was mixed with 20 g of Bi2O3 through the simple solution method using 99.9% isopropanol as a solution. This sample solution is stirred until homogeneous, then centrifuged. The precipitate was dried until a dry powder was obtained. The powder was analyzed using X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry to identify its chemical composition and concentration. A total of 30 samples were divided into two experimental groups of tricalcium silicate-WPC added Bi2O3 and ProRoot MTA. The vials, which contain cement and C. albicans, respectively, were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and diluted to obtain a suspension 104, 106 (0.5 in McFarland’s nephelometer) and then inoculated with sterile cotton swabs onto Saboroud Dextrose Agar Plates. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The measurement of colony number of C. albicans was counted by colony counter (CFU/ml). Results: The Bi2O3 was revealed in tricalcium silicate-WPC based on XRF characterization, and the antifungal test showed that both materials were effective against C. albicans. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of C. albicans colonies between tricalcium-WPC added Bi2O3 and MTA (p>0.05). Conclusion: The mixture of Bi2O3 in tricalcium silicate-WPC was successfully fabricated through a simple solution method, and both samples were effective against the C. albicans.
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Le Mapihan, Kristell, Kanza Benomar, Stéphanie Espiard, Claire Vahe, Olivier Ernst, Corinne Vigouroux, Georges Lion, Claire Douillard, and Marie-Christine Vantyghem. "Lipodystophic laminopathies are characterised by an increased intra/whole abdominal fat ratio with preserved fat/lean mass ratio and hypoleptinemia, in contrast with obese people, compared to controls." Problems of Endocrinology 62, no. 5 (September 22, 2016): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl201662546-47.
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Introduction. The diagnosis of non-HIV lipodystrophies is challenging, especially since borderline forms with type 2 diabetes have been described (Strickland Diabetes Care 2013).Aim: to identify the most specific anthropometric and biological parameters enabling to differentiate lipodystrophic from obese and control subjects.Methods. This prospective study (clin.gov 2009-AO-1169-48) included 94 patients divided in 3 groups adjusted for age and gender: 52 lipodystrophic patients (among whom 16LMNA–mutated lipodystrophies (LDM),16non-LMNAmutated partial lipodystrophies (LDNM), and 20 other types of lipodystrophies), 28 obese (O; 12 diabetic (OD) and 16 non-diabetic (OND)) and 14 normal-weighed healthy subjects (C). The anthropometric (DEXA, MRI) characteristics and leptin levels of the patients were recorded. Three ratios were calculated to assess the respective part of fat and lean mass (FM/LM), intra- and whole abdominal fat (IAF/WAF) and adipose tissue function (leptin/WAF).Results. The three groups differed by the FM, LM, IAF, WAF, leptinemia, trunk FM/LM (P<0.0001), IAF/WAF (P<0.001) and leptin/WAF (P<0.01). The main distinctive feature of LDM compared to C was IAF (188±38vs 82±23 cc;P<0.01) whereas BMI, FM, LM, WAF and leptinemia were similar. The ratios ranges of the five subgroups were as follows: IAF/WAF: 0.5 in LDMvs0.3 in all other subgroups; trunk FM/LM: 0.2 in LDM and C, increased from 0.5 to 0.7 and 0.8 respectively in LDNM, OD, OND); leptin/WAF: decreased to 2.3 and 1.6 in respectively LDM and LDNM compared to C (2.7), and increased in OD (3.7) and OND (5.6).Conclusion. Increased intra/whole abdominal fat ratio, hypoleptinemia and preserved fat/lean mass ratio characterized lipodystrophic laminopathies, in contrast with obese people who showed an increased fat/muscle mass, hyperleptinemia and preserved intra/whole abdominal fat ratio. Non-mutated lipodystrophic patients were intermediate, with decreased leptin/WAF ratio, close to LDM, and increased IAF/WAF and FM/LM ratios close to the obese population.
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Tan, Soo Jin, A. G. Supri, K. L. Foo, A. M. M. Al Bakri, Y. M. Liew, and C. Y. Heah. "Effect of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) on Tensile Properties and Spectroscopy Infrared (FTIR) Characteristics of LDPE/WHF Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 815 (November 2015): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.815.101.
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In this work, the effect of PMMA in low density polyethylene/water hyacinth fibers composites were prepared and characterized in terms of tensile properties and FTIR characteristics. Water hyacinth fibers (WHF) were incorporated into the LDPE matrix with different fiber loading. LDPE/WHF and LDPE/WHFPMMAcomposites were prepared with Z-blade mixer at 180 °C with rotor speed of 50 rpm. The PMMA modified WHF increased the tensile strength and Young’s modulus while reduced the elongation at break of LDPE/WHFPMMAcomposites in comparison with LDPE/WHF composites. The absorption peak at 1736.28 cm-1indicated the presence of ester carbonyl group (C=O) in LDPE/WHFPMMAcomposites.
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Lin, Junjie, Chang Yan, Dan Liu, Yaling Du, Chunmei Xiong, Xiaoxia Yang, and Qingyu Nie. "Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen Input via Net Nitrogen Mineralization under Antibiotics and Warming from the Water Level Fluctuation Zone of a Three Gorges Tributary." Water 13, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 2502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182502.
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The water level fluctuation (WLF) zone is one of the dominant sources of total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (TDN) export via net nitrogen (N) mineralization in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). However, antibiotics pollution may impact the process of TND exports from WLF zone in the TGR, especially under drying-rewetting processes and climate warming, and thus increasing the risk of eutrophication in the tributaries of the TGR. The effects of the antibiotics Griseofulvin (GIN) and Fosfomycin (FIN) with 0, 0.2 and 0.4 g kg−1 net N mineralization rate (NMR) from WLF-zone soil in the Pengxi river, a typical tributary of the Yangtze River, under 25 and 35 °C were estimated in 30-day flooding and drying incubations. The results showed that GIN concentrations, temperatures and their interaction significantly affect net-nitrification rates (NNR) and NMR under drying and did not significantly affect NNR under flooding. FIN concentrations and temperatures solely influenced the NNR under flooding. The amounts of TDN exports via NMR without antibiotics from the WLF zone of Pengxi River are 6883.8 (flooding, 25 °C), 9987.3 (flooding, 35 °C), 9781.6 (drying, 25 °C), and 27,866.5 (drying, 35 °C) t year−1, which is 21.0, 29.8, 30.4 and 84.8 times of the permissible Class A discharge in China according to (GB18918-2002). Thus, the NMR of WLF zone should be controlled whether there is antibiotics pollution or not, especially during the dry period for alleviating water eutrophication. This study will be helpful for the assessment of nitrogen budgets in the WLF zone to eutrophication in the Three Gorges Reservoir.
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Cakebread, Julie, Alison Hodgkinson, Olivia Wallace, Megan Callaghan, Daralyn Hurford, Robert Wieliczko, Paul Harris, and Brendan Haigh. "Bovine milk derived skimmed milk powder and whey protein concentrate modulates Citrobacter rodentium shedding in the mouse intestinal tract." PeerJ 6 (July 27, 2018): e5359. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5359.
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Skimmed milk powder (SMP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) were manufactured from fresh milk collected from cows producing high or low Immunoglobulin (Ig) A levels in their milk. In addition commercial products were purchased for use as diluent or control treatments. A murine enteric disease model (Citrobacter rodentium) was used to assess whether delivery of selected bioactive molecules (IgA, IgG, Lactoferrin (Lf)) or formulation delivery matrix (SMP, WPC) affected faecal shedding of bacteria in C. rodentium infected mice. In trial one, faecal pellets collected from mice fed SMP containing IgA (0.007–0.35 mg/mL), IgG (0.28–0.58 mg/mL) and Lf (0.03–0.1 mg/mL) contained fewer C. rodentium (cfu) compared to control mice fed water (day 8, p < 0.04, analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Fisher’s unprotected least significant difference (ULSD)). In trial two, WPC containing IgA (0.35–1.66 mg/mL), IgG (0.58–2.36 mg/mL) and Lf (0.02–0.45 mg/mL) did not affect C. rodentium shedding, but SMP again reduced faecal C. rodentium levels (day 12, p < 0.04, ANOVA followed by Fisher’s ULSD). No C. rodentium was detected in sham phosphate-buffered saline inoculated mice. Mice fed a commercial WPC shed significantly greater numbers of C. rodentium over 4 consecutive days (Fishers ULSD test), compared to control mice fed water. These data indicate that SMP, but not WPC, modulates faecal shedding in C. rodentium-infected mice and may impact progression of C. rodentium infection independently of selected bioactive concentration. This suggests that food matrix can impact biological effects of foods.
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HAVEA, PALATASA, HARJINDER SINGH, LAWRENCE K. CREAMER, and OSVALDO H. CAMPANELLA. "Electrophoretic characterization of the protein products formed during heat treatment of whey protein concentrate solutions." Journal of Dairy Research 65, no. 1 (February 1998): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029997002641.
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Whey protein concentrate (WPC) solutions containing 10, 30, 60 and 120 g dry powder/kg were heated at 75°C and whey protein aggregation was studied by following the changes in the distribution of β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin, using one dimensional and two dimensional PAGE. The one dimensional PAGE results showed that a minimal quantity of large aggregates was formed when 10 g WPC/kg solutions were heated at 75°C for up to 16 min whereas appreciable quantities were formed when 30, 60 and 120 g WPC/kg solutions were similarly treated. The two dimensional PAGE analysis showed that some disulphide-linked β-lactoglobulin dimers were present in heated 10 g WPC/kg solution, but very little was present in heated 120 g WPC/kg solution. By contrast, SDS was able to dissociate monomeric protein from high molecular mass aggregates in heated WPC solution of 120 g/kg but not in 10 g WPC/kg solution heated for 30 min. The rates of loss of native-like and SDS-monomeric β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin during heating increased as the WPC concentration was increased from 10 to 120 g/kg. In 120 g WPC/kg solution heated at 75°C, the amounts of SDS-monomeric β-lactoglobulin in each sample were greater than the quantities of native-like protein. However, in WPC solutions of 10, 30 and 60 g/kg, the differences between the amounts of native-like and SDS-monomeric proteins were slight. The loss of the native-like or SDS-monomeric proteins was consistent with a first or second order reaction. In each case, the apparent reaction rate constant appeared to be concentration-dependent, suggesting a change of aggregation mechanism in the more concentrated solutions. Overall, these results indicate that in addition to disulphide-linked aggregates, hydrophobic aggregates involving β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin were formed in heated WPC solution at high protein concentration, as suggested by model studies using binary mixtures of these proteins.
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Havea, Palatasa, Alistair J. Carr, and Lawrence K. Creamer. "The roles of disulphide and non-covalent bonding in the functional properties of heat-induced whey protein gels." Journal of Dairy Research 71, no. 3 (July 23, 2004): 330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002202990400024x.
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Heat-induced gelation (80 °C, 30 min or 85 °C, 60 min) of whey protein concentrate (WPC) solutions was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic rheology and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The WPC solutions (150 g/kg, pH 6·9) were prepared by dispersing WPC powder in water (control), 10 g/kg sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) solution or 10 mM-dithiothreitol (DTT) solution. The WPC gels containing SDS were more translucent than the control gels, which were slightly more translucent than the gels containing DTT. TEM analyses showed that the SDS-gels had finer aggregate structure (≅10 nm) than the control gels (≅100 nm), whereas the DTT-gels had a more particulate structure (≅200 to 300 nm). Dynamic rheology measurements showed that the control WPC gels had storage modulus (G′) values (≅13500 Pa) that were ≅25 times higher than those of the SDS-gels (≅550 Pa) and less than half those of the DTT-gels after cooling. Compression tests showed that the DTT-gels were more rigid and more brittle than the control gels, whereas the SDS-gels were softer and more rubbery than either the control gels or the DTT-gels. PAGE analyses of WPC gel samples revealed that the control WPC solutions heated at 85 °C for 10 min contained both disulphide bonds and non-covalent linkages. In both the SDS-solutions and the DTT-solutions, the denatured whey protein molecules were in the form of monomers or small aggregates. It is likely that, on more extended heating, more disulphide linkages were formed in the SDS-gels whereas more hydrophobic aggregates were formed in the DTT-gels. These results demonstrate that the properties of heat-induced WPC gels are strongly influenced by non-covalent bonding. Intermolecular disulphide bonds appeared to give the rubbery nature of heat-induced WPC gels whereas non-covalent bonds their rigidity and brittle texture.
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Prisco, Umberto. "Thermal conductivity of flat-pressed wood plastic composites at different temperatures and filler content." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 21, no. 2 (March 1, 2014): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2013-0013.
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AbstractThe thermal conductivity of wood flour (WF) filled high-density polyethylene composites (wood plastic composite, WPC) is investigated experimentally as a function of filler content and temperature. Samples are prepared by compression molding process of previously blended and extruded WPC pellets, up to 50% weight content of WF. The thermal conductivity is measured by the heat flow meter technique in a temperature range from -15°C to 80°C. Experimental results show that the WPC thermal conductivity decreases with temperature and WF content, with the last effect due to the increase in porosity with the filler content, as confirmed by density measurements. Using the thermal conductivity of bare WF, the thermal conductivity of the wood material in WPC is estimated. This value successfully predicts the upper and lower bounds of the WPC thermal conductivity by means of the parallel and series conduction model of a multiphase composite material.
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Wróblewska, B., and L. Jędrychowski. "Influence of enzymatic cow milk hydrolysates on IgA and IgG response of Balb/c mice organism." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 23, No. 2 (November 15, 2011): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3372-cjfs.
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The manuscript presents the application of an animal model, Balb/c mice, in studies aimed at identifying among enzymatic hydrolysates of sodium caseinate and whey proteins the product with the most beneficial impact on the animal organism. One- and two-step hydrolyses were carried out using the following enzymes: Alcalase (Novo Nordisk), papain (Sigma), and Lactozym (Novo Nordisk). Estimations were also made with a peptide fraction, the so-called II fraction, of WPC (Whey Protein Concentrate) and Alcalase hydrolysate with molecular masses lower than 12.4 kDa. The levels of specific IgG and IgA were determined in blood serum and intestinal extracts of mice. The hydrolysis of sodium caseinate with the use of Alcalase was found to affect the reduction in the material allergenicity. Of all whey hydrolysates, the most promising results were obtained upon the application of the II fraction of WPC and Alcalase hydrolysate (M.W. < 12.4 kDa).
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Djali, Mohamad, Syamsul Huda, and Lovita Andriani. "Karakteristik Fisikokimia Yogurt Tanpa Lemak dengan Penambahan Whey Protein Concentrate dan Gum Xanthan." Agritech 38, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.22451.
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Non-fat yogurt exhibited weak body, poor texture, and whey separation because of reduction of fat. The separation of whey in yogurt is not desired by consumer. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of adding whey protein concentrate (WPC) and xanthan gum on physical, chemical and sensory properties of non-fat yogurt. Physical and chemical properties were tested using randomized block design whereas the yogurts properties during 21 days of cold storage included syneresis index and organoleptic. There were 6 treatments : A (full fat yogurt = control 1); B (skim milk + skim milk powder (SMP) 3% = control 2); C (skim milk + SMP 3% + WPC 1%); D (skim milk + SMP 3% + WPC 1,25%); E (skim milk + SMP 3% + WPC 0,5% + xanthan 0,005%); F (skim milk + SMP 3% + WPC 0,5% + xanthan 0,004%). The fat content 0,12%-0,14% of non-fat yogurt with the addition of WPC and blend of WPC-xanthan could increased firmness, cohesiveness and consistency compared to control 1 and control 2. In the organoleptic properties, non-fat yogurt with the addition of WPC and blend of WPC-xanthan were gained color, flavor, aroma, and consistency of the panelists preferred higher than control yogurt. Non-fat yogurt with only addition of WPC gained the lowest syneresis index. ABSTRAKYogurt tanpa lemak memiliki kekuatan struktur yang rendah dan rentan terjadi pemisahan whey karena berkurangnya kandungan lemak. Pemisahan whey pada yogurt tidak disukai oleh konsumen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi efek penambahan whey protein concentrate (WPC) dan gum xanthan terhadap karakteristik fisik, kimia sensori yogurt tanpa lemak. Karakteristik fisik dan kimia diuji menggunakan metode RAK, sedangkan karakteristik yogurt selama penyimpanan dingin 21 hari meliputi indeks sineresis dan organoleptik. Terdapat 6 perlakuan yaitu: A (susu segar = kontrol 1); B (susu skim + skim milk powder (SMP) 3% = kontrol 2); C (susu skim + SMP 3% + WPC 1%); D (susu skim + SMP 3% + WPC 1,25%); E (susu skim + SMP 3% + WPC 0,5% + gum xanthan 0,005%); F (susu skim + SMP 3% + WPC 0,5% + gum xanthan 0,004%). Kandungan lemak 0,12%-0,14% pada yogurt tanpa lemak dengan penambahan WPC dan kombinasi WPC-gum xanthan dapat meningkatkan firmness, cohesiveness, dan konsistensi dibandingkan kontrol 1 dan kontrol 2. Secara organoleptik, yogurt tanpa lemak dengan penambahan WPC dan kombinasi WPC-gum xanthan mendapatkan tingkat kesukaan panelis lebih tinggi untuk warna, rasa, aroma, dan kekentalan dibandingkan yogurt lemak utuh tanpa perlakuan. Yogurt tanpa lemak dengan penambahan WPC saja mendapatkan indeks sineresis lebih rendah dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya.
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El-Salam, Mohamed H. Abd, Safinaz El-Shibiny, Mohamed B. Mahfouz, Hala F. El-Dein, Hossein M. El-Atriby, and Veijo Antila. "Preparation of whey protein concentrate from salted whey and its use in yogurt." Journal of Dairy Research 58, no. 4 (November 1991): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900030119.
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SummarySalted whey (7–8% NaCl) was concentrated by ultrafiltration by a factor of 20. Sweet whey equal to the retentate volume was added and ultrafiltration was continued to a concentration factor of 20. Addition of sweet whey and ultrafiltration was repeated twice more for almost complete removal of salt from whey protein concentrate (WPC). The protein content of WPC was adjusted to 3·5% using sweet whey and the mixture was heated to 65°C for 30 min. This was mixed with buffalo milk at the rate of 0, 10, 20 or 30% and then heated at 80°C for 1, 5 or 20 min before use for yogurt manufacture. The chemical, rheological and organoleptic properties of the yogurt were investigated. WPC could be added to buffalo milk at up to 20% without affecting the quality of the yogurt produced. On the contrary, it improved the texture, mouthfeel and wheying-off of yogurt from buffalo milk. Yogurt with 30% WPC had an unacceptably weak body and texture for a set product. Heating at 80°C for 5 min was sufficient to produce good quality yogurt from buffalo milk containing WPC.
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Urquiaga, Inés, Danitza Troncoso, Maria Mackenna, Catalina Urzúa, Druso Pérez, Sara Dicenta, Paula de la Cerda, et al. "The Consumption of Beef Burgers Prepared with Wine Grape Pomace Flour Improves Fasting Glucose, Plasma Antioxidant Levels, and Oxidative Damage Markers in Humans: A Controlled Trial." Nutrients 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101388.
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Wine grape pomace flour (WGPF) is a fruit byproduct that is high in fiber and antioxidants. We tested whether WGPF consumption could affect blood biochemical parameters, including oxidative stress biomarkers. In a three-month intervention study, 27 male volunteers, each with some components of metabolic syndrome, consumed a beef burger supplemented with 7% WGPF containing 3.5% of fiber and 1.2 mg gallic equivalents (GE)/g of polyphenols (WGPF-burger), daily, during the first month. The volunteers consumed no burgers in the second month, and one control-burger daily in the third month. At baseline and after these periods, we evaluated the metabolic syndrome components, plasma antioxidant status (i.e., 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (DPPH), vitamin E, vitamin C), and oxidative damage markers (i.e., advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs), malondialdehyde (MDA)). The WGPF-burger intake significantly reduced glycemia and homeostatic model assessment-based measurement of insulin resistance. Vitamin C increased and decreased during the consumption of the WGPF-burger and control-burger, respectively. The WGPF-burger intake significantly decreased AOPP and oxLDL levels. Vitamin E and MDA levels showed no significant changes. In conclusion, the consumption of beef burgers prepared with WGPF improved fasting glucose and insulin resistance, plasma antioxidant levels, and oxidative damage markers. Therefore, this functional ingredient has potential as a dietary supplement to manage chronic disease risk in humans.
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Tan, Soo Jin, and A. G. Supri. "Mechanical Properties, Swelling Behavior and Morphology Properties of Dynamic Vulcanized Low Density Polyethylene/Natural Rubber/Water Hyacinth Fibers Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 679 (October 2014): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.679.184.
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The effect of dynamic vulcanization and fiber loading on properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE)/natural rubber (NR)/water hyacinth fibers (WHF) were investigated. In this study, the vulcanized thermoplastics were obtained by in situ dynamic curing of LDPE/NR/WHF composites. The LDPE/NR/WHF composites with different fiber loading were prepared by using Brabender mixer at 180 °C with the rotor speed of 50 rpm. The results showed that dynamic vulcanized LDPE/NR/WHF composites gave a higher tensile strength, Young’s modulus, elongation at break but lower molar sorption than unvulcanized LDPE/NR/WHF composites. The SEM micrographs also displayed better fibers dispersion and the crosslink formation in dynamic vulcanized LDPE/NR/WHF composites indicated better interfacial bonding among fibers and matrix compared to unvulcanized LDPE/NR/WHF composites.
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Sheng, Shi, Zhang Meiling, Zhang Suying, Hou Wensheng, and Yan Zhifeng. "Evolution of Physicochemical Structure of Waste Cotton Fiber (Hydrochar) During Hydrothermal Carbonation." Autex Research Journal 20, no. 3 (September 18, 2020): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aut-2019-0041.
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AbstractTo study the hydrothermal behavior of cotton fiber, the carbonization process and structural evolution of discarded or waste cotton fiber (WCF) under hydrothermal conditions were investigated using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and glucose was used as a model compound. Results showed that high temperature was beneficial for the hydrolysis of discarded cotton fiber, and the yield of sugar was 4.5%, which was lower than that of MCC (6.51%). WCF and MCC were carbonized at 240–~260°C and 220–~240°C, respectively, whereas the carbonization temperature of glucose was lower than 220°C. The C/O ratios of WCF and glucose hydrothermal products were 5.79 and 5.85, respectively. The three kinds of hydrothermal carbonization products had similar crystal structures and oxygen-containing functional groups. The carbonized products of WCF contained many irregular particles, while the main products of glucose carbonization were 0.5-mm-sized carbon microspheres (CMSs). Results showed that glucose was an important intermediate in WCF carbonization and that there were two main pathways of hydrothermal carbonization of cotton fibers: some cotton fibers were completely hydrolyzed into glucose accompanied by nucleation and then the growth of CMSs. For the other part, the glucose ring of the oligosaccharide, formed by the incomplete hydrolysis of cotton fibers under hydrothermal conditions of high temperature and pressure, breaks and then forms particulate matter.
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St-Arnaud, R., and J. M. Moir. "Wnt-1-inducing factor-1: a novel G/C box-binding transcription factor regulating the expression of Wnt-1 during neuroectodermal differentiation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 3 (March 1993): 1590–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.3.1590.
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The Wnt-1 proto-oncogene is essential for proper development of the midbrain and is expressed in a spatially and temporally restricted manner during central nervous system development in mice. In vitro, the gene is specifically transcribed during the retinoic acid (RA)-induced neuroectodermal differentiation of the P19 line of embryonal carcinoma cells. The P19 cells differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and fibroblast-like cells when treated with RA. Treatment of the cells with dimethyl sulfoxide leads to differentiation along mesodermal lineages, including skeletal and cardiac muscle. We have used the P19 cell line to study the Wnt-1 promoter and identify and characterize the transcription factor(s) that regulates the differentiation-specific transcription of Wnt-1 in RA-treated P19 cultures. Transient-transfection assays have revealed that a 230-bp region comprising positions -278 to -47 of the 5' upstream Wnt-1 sequence was sufficient to direct RA-specific transcription. This promoter fragment was shown to contain a binding site for a nuclear factor that was not detected in undifferentiated P19 stem cells or their dimethyl sulfoxide-treated derivatives but was induced in differentiating RA-treated cells. This factor was termed Wnt-1-inducing factor-1 (WiF-1). DNase I footprinting analysis has identified the G/C-rich WiF-1 binding site, and UV cross-linking studies have shown that WiF-1 is a protein with an M(r) of 65,000. WiF-1 binding activity was also detected in postpubertal mouse testis, the only tissue that expresses Wnt-1 in adults. Site-directed mutations that inhibited WiF-1 binding to the Wnt-1 promoter concomitantly abolished the activity of the promoter in RA-treated P19 cells. The active WiF-1 protein was purified by DNA affinity chromatography. Our data suggest that WiF-1 is a novel G/C box-binding transcription factor and support a physiological role for WiF-1 in the developmentally regulated expression of Wnt-1.
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St-Arnaud, R., and J. M. Moir. "Wnt-1-inducing factor-1: a novel G/C box-binding transcription factor regulating the expression of Wnt-1 during neuroectodermal differentiation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 3 (March 1993): 1590–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.3.1590-1598.1993.
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The Wnt-1 proto-oncogene is essential for proper development of the midbrain and is expressed in a spatially and temporally restricted manner during central nervous system development in mice. In vitro, the gene is specifically transcribed during the retinoic acid (RA)-induced neuroectodermal differentiation of the P19 line of embryonal carcinoma cells. The P19 cells differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and fibroblast-like cells when treated with RA. Treatment of the cells with dimethyl sulfoxide leads to differentiation along mesodermal lineages, including skeletal and cardiac muscle. We have used the P19 cell line to study the Wnt-1 promoter and identify and characterize the transcription factor(s) that regulates the differentiation-specific transcription of Wnt-1 in RA-treated P19 cultures. Transient-transfection assays have revealed that a 230-bp region comprising positions -278 to -47 of the 5' upstream Wnt-1 sequence was sufficient to direct RA-specific transcription. This promoter fragment was shown to contain a binding site for a nuclear factor that was not detected in undifferentiated P19 stem cells or their dimethyl sulfoxide-treated derivatives but was induced in differentiating RA-treated cells. This factor was termed Wnt-1-inducing factor-1 (WiF-1). DNase I footprinting analysis has identified the G/C-rich WiF-1 binding site, and UV cross-linking studies have shown that WiF-1 is a protein with an M(r) of 65,000. WiF-1 binding activity was also detected in postpubertal mouse testis, the only tissue that expresses Wnt-1 in adults. Site-directed mutations that inhibited WiF-1 binding to the Wnt-1 promoter concomitantly abolished the activity of the promoter in RA-treated P19 cells. The active WiF-1 protein was purified by DNA affinity chromatography. Our data suggest that WiF-1 is a novel G/C box-binding transcription factor and support a physiological role for WiF-1 in the developmentally regulated expression of Wnt-1.
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Suhag, Yogita, Gulzar Ahmad Nayik, Ioannis K. Karabagias, and Vikas Nanda. "Development and Characterization of a Nutritionally Rich Spray-Dried Honey Powder." Foods 10, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010162.
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In the present study, the spray-dried honey powder enriched with aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) and basil (Ocimum sanctum) extract was developed using drying aids—gum arabic (GA), maltodextrin (MD), and whey protein concentrate (WPC), and then characterized based on particle size distribution, colour, glass transition temperature (Tg), X-ray diffraction, and antioxidant and rheological properties. Results showed the highest Tg (86.13 °C) for WPC based honey powder, which, in turn, resulted in least stickiness as compared to GA and MD based honey powders with Tg 74.53 °C and 68.26 °C, respectively. The dried honey powder with all three carrier agents exhibited a metastable amorphous state as proved by the broader peaks of X-ray diffractograms due to the short drying time, whereas, a peak at 1637 cm−1, attributed to the carbonyl (C=O) stretching, established the ascorbic acid in the studied powder on account of aonla extract. The mean particle diameter significantly (p < 0.05) increased, following the order WPC (60.45 μm) > GA (41.24 μm) > MD (20.06 μm) as carrier agents, which were related to the higher feed viscosity. The colour parameter L* (30.74–45.78) and b* (5.82–11.64) values of the nutritionally rich honey powder were higher due to presence of polyphenols in aonla and basil extracts, which resulted in the formation of dark brown complexes. The antioxidant activity of WPC based fortified honey powder was highest (82.73%), followed by GA (78.15%) and MD (74.85%) based honey powders. A significant (p < 0.05) increase was found in powder recovery, solubility, and dispersibility using the drying aids in the following order: WPC < GA < MD. Furthermore, the storage modulus (G′) was higher than loss modulus (G″) in all honey powders, wherein the WPC containing powder demonstrated maximum value of G′, followed by GA and MD. Finally, the three honey powders were microbiologically stable.
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SIRESWAR, SRIJITA, ISHITA GHOSH, KINJOLL DEY, LALATENDU BEHERA, MOTAHAR REZA, SANKHA SUVRA DAS, and GARGI DEY. "Evaluation of Probiotic-Beverage Matrix Interaction for Efficient Control of Enterobacter aerogenes and Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 4 (March 26, 2019): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-492.
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ABSTRACT Second-generation functional foods based on nonconventional matrices such as fruits, vegetables, and cereals demand high-quality food products with an extended shelf life. The aim of this work was to evaluate the protective efficiency of probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG incorporated into two phenolic-rich fruit matrices, sea buckthorn juice (SBT) and apple juice (APJ) both supplemented with whey protein concentrate (WPC), during refrigerated storage (4°C). The protective potential after a cold chain break (at 10 and 20°C) was also evaluated. The efficiency of L. rhamnosus GG substantially depended on the matrix components. L. rhamnosus GG in SBT+WPC inhibited Enterobacter aerogenes and Staphylococcus aureus by 1 log CFU/mL within 7 days of refrigerated storage compared with less inhibition of E. aerogenes and S. aureus by 0.75 and 0.83 log CFU/mL, respectively, by L. rhamnosus GG in APJ+WPC. Principal component analysis clustered L. rhamnosus GG in SBT+WPC as the most efficient matrix based on its ability to inhibit both E. aerogenes and S. aureus. The rheological parameters of the WPC-supplemented L. rhamnosus GG matrices were also evaluated. The consistency index and flow behavior index were derived from shear experiments. All juice matrices had shear-thinning properties. The pseudoplastic behavior of the juices increased with the addition of WPC and L. rhamnosus GG. HIGHLIGHTS
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Xie, Min, Dan Gao, Xiao Bo Liu, Fang Li, and Cong Huang. "Utilization of Waterworks Sludge in the Production of Fired/Unfired Water Permeable Bricks." Advanced Materials Research 531 (June 2012): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.531.316.
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Waterworks sludge was used as raw material to make fired water permeable bricks (WPB) and unfired water permeable bricks (WPB). Results show that when 30% ~ 40% sludge was added with 30% ~ 35% ordinary sands ranging from 1.0 to 1.4mm and some other materials, pressed at 30 MPa and then sintered at 1150°C for 1h, the compressive strength (CS)and permeability coefficient (PC) of produced fired WPB were 36.53MPa and 1.08×10-2 cm/s respectively. When the ratio of waterworks sludge increased from 20% to 35%, the CS of the unfired WPB decreased but stayed above 20 MPa, while the change of PC is insignificant.
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Shikhov, A. N., and E. M. Sviyazov. "ESTIMATION OF PRECIPITATION AMOUNT DURING THE COLD PERIOD IN THE WESTERN URALS USING THE WRF MODEL." Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin, no. 3 (2015): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2015-3-67-73.
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Feng, Li, and Weiren Xie. "Analysis of Factors Affecting Creep of Wood–Plastic Composites." Forests 12, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091146.
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Wood–plastic composite (WPC) materials are mainly used as flooring in buildings or as structural load-bearing plates, and will undergo creep deformation during use, resulting in structural failure and safety problems. Therefore, this work adopted the orthogonal test method to carry out creep tests on wood–plastic composites. We used the range method and variance analysis method to process the creep data and analyze the influence of the load, temperature, and relative humidity on the creep strain in specimens of wood–plastic composites. The results showed that the creep strain of the WPC specimens changed significantly with a change in the load stress, while a change in relative humidity had no significant effect on the creep strain. When the relative humidity was increased from 55% to 65%, the creep strain increased by 0.03%, but when the temperature was increased from 30 °C to 35 °C, there was no significant difference in the creep strain. However, when the temperature was increased from 30 °C to 40 °C and from 35 °C to 40 °C, a significant difference in the creep strain of the WPC specimens was observed.