Journal articles: 'C1 level'

1

Schmaier, AH, S. Amenta, T. Xiong, GD Heda, and AM Gewirtz. "Expression of platelet C1 inhibitor." Blood 82, no. 2 (July 15, 1993): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v82.2.465.465.

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Abstract Human platelets contain a pool of C1 inhibitor (C1 INH) distinct from that in plasma. Twelve normal platelet samples washed by centrifugation had a mean platelet C1 INH antigen level of 19.3 +/- 2.8 ng (mean +/- SEM) per 10(8) platelets. These values contrast with the mean +/- SEM platelet C1 INH antigen level of 6.1 +/- 0.9 per 10(8) platelets from 12 C1 INH-deficient patients. The level of platelet C1 INH correlated (r = .7) with the level of plasma C1 INH in normal individuals and patients with classic hereditary angioedema. Platelet C1 INH, like plasma C1 INH, was a 105-Kd protein on immunoblots of solubilized platelets and in thrombin- or collagen-induced platelet releasates. On indirect immunofluorescence, morphologically and immunochemically identifiable elutriated human megakaryocytes had C1 INH antigen. Using nested primer polymerase chain reaction, C1 INH mRNA was detected in megakaryocytes. When activated, human platelets expressed a portion of their total pool of C1 INH antigen on their membrane. Using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for C1 INH as a quantitative, indirect antibody consumption assay, the surface of unstimulated platelets had 0.55 +/- 0.4 ng C1 INH/10(8) platelets (mean +/- SEM). When activated with thrombin, platelets secreted 7.37 +/- 2.2 ng C1 INH/10(8) platelets into the suspension buffer and simultaneously expressed 4.4 +/- 1.2 ng C1 INH/10(8) platelets on their external membrane. These studies showed that activated platelets secreted 38% of their C1 INH and externalized another 23% of the total platelet C1 INH on their membrane. Furthermore, in 125I-anti-C1 INH Fab' binding experiments to platelets, about 8 ng of the antibody fragment specifically bound to 10(8) activated platelets. These data suggest that level of platelet C1 INH packaged into platelet alpha-granules is modulated by the amount of protein produced in megakaryocytes. Platelet alpha-granule C1 INH can both be secreted from platelets and expressed on their activated membranes. The cell membrane expression of C1 INH may be important to modulate the activity of the proteases of the complement and contact systems of plasma proteolysis in the microenvironment of the inflammatory response.

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2

Schmaier, AH, S. Amenta, T. Xiong, GD Heda, and AM Gewirtz. "Expression of platelet C1 inhibitor." Blood 82, no. 2 (July 15, 1993): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v82.2.465.bloodjournal822465.

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Human platelets contain a pool of C1 inhibitor (C1 INH) distinct from that in plasma. Twelve normal platelet samples washed by centrifugation had a mean platelet C1 INH antigen level of 19.3 +/- 2.8 ng (mean +/- SEM) per 10(8) platelets. These values contrast with the mean +/- SEM platelet C1 INH antigen level of 6.1 +/- 0.9 per 10(8) platelets from 12 C1 INH-deficient patients. The level of platelet C1 INH correlated (r = .7) with the level of plasma C1 INH in normal individuals and patients with classic hereditary angioedema. Platelet C1 INH, like plasma C1 INH, was a 105-Kd protein on immunoblots of solubilized platelets and in thrombin- or collagen-induced platelet releasates. On indirect immunofluorescence, morphologically and immunochemically identifiable elutriated human megakaryocytes had C1 INH antigen. Using nested primer polymerase chain reaction, C1 INH mRNA was detected in megakaryocytes. When activated, human platelets expressed a portion of their total pool of C1 INH antigen on their membrane. Using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for C1 INH as a quantitative, indirect antibody consumption assay, the surface of unstimulated platelets had 0.55 +/- 0.4 ng C1 INH/10(8) platelets (mean +/- SEM). When activated with thrombin, platelets secreted 7.37 +/- 2.2 ng C1 INH/10(8) platelets into the suspension buffer and simultaneously expressed 4.4 +/- 1.2 ng C1 INH/10(8) platelets on their external membrane. These studies showed that activated platelets secreted 38% of their C1 INH and externalized another 23% of the total platelet C1 INH on their membrane. Furthermore, in 125I-anti-C1 INH Fab' binding experiments to platelets, about 8 ng of the antibody fragment specifically bound to 10(8) activated platelets. These data suggest that level of platelet C1 INH packaged into platelet alpha-granules is modulated by the amount of protein produced in megakaryocytes. Platelet alpha-granule C1 INH can both be secreted from platelets and expressed on their activated membranes. The cell membrane expression of C1 INH may be important to modulate the activity of the proteases of the complement and contact systems of plasma proteolysis in the microenvironment of the inflammatory response.

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3

Emelyanov, A. V., E. V. Leshenkova, and G. A. Kameneva. "Diagnosis and treatment of hereditary angioedema with normal C1-inhibitor level." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 92, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2020.12.200447.

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Hereditary angioedema (HAE) with normal C1-inhibitor level is a rare potentially life-threatening disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance which was first described in 2000. Its clinical presentation is similar to HAE with C1-deficiency. The review is summarized data about its prevalence, mechanisms, genetics and diagnostic criteria. Different subtypes and treatment options (on demand, short term and long-term prophylaxis) are discussed. We describe family clinical cases of 2 female patients with normal C1-inhibitor and plasminogen gene mutation. Their features were late diagnosis (in 10 and 25 years after the onset of symptoms), family history (similar genetic mutation in 3 female members of the same family, including 1-asymtomatic) and combination of face, tongue, larynx and abdominal angioedema in patient and her sibling.

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Murahashi, Yasutaka, Tsuneo Takebayashi, Yoshinori Terashima, Hajime Tsuda, Mitsunori Yoshimoto, and Toshihiko Yamashita. "Clinical Presentation of Cervical Myelopathy at C1–2 Level." Asian Spine Journal 10, no. 4 (2016): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.4184/asj.2016.10.4.755.

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Tarukado, Kiyoshi, Ko Ikuta, Keiichiro Iida, Osamu Tono, Toshio Doi, and Katsumi Harimaya. "Radiographic and Clinical Results of C1 Laminoplasty for the Treatment of Compressive Myelopathy." Asian Spine Journal 14, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31616/asj.2019.0190.

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Study Design: Case series.Purpose: To evaluate the radiographic and clinical results of C1 laminoplasty without fusion.Overview of Literature: C1 laminectomy has been the standard procedure for decompression at the C1 level. However, there have been some reports of trouble cases after C1 laminectomy. C1 laminoplasty might be superior to C1 laminectomy with regard to maintaining the original C1 anatomical shape, preventing compression from the posterior soft tissue, and ensuring an adequate bonegrafting site around the C1 posterior part if additional salvage fusion surgery is necessary afterward.Methods: Seven patients with spinal cord compression without obvious segmental instability at the C1/2 level treated by C1 laminoplasty were included. The indication of C1 laminoplasty was same as that of C1 laminectomy. C1 laminoplasty was performed in the same way as subaxial double-door laminoplasty. The imaging findings were evaluated using X-ray, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The clinical results were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire (JOACMEQ) and JOA score. Peri- and postoperative complications were also investigated.Results: No patient showed increased C1/2 segmental instability after the surgery. The mean pre- and postoperative JOA scores were 8.6 and 11.7, respectively. The mean recovery rate was 40.2%. The effective rate in the JOACMEQ was 50% for the cervical spine function, 33% for the upper extremity function, 50% for the lower extremity function, 17% for the bladder function, and 17% for the quality of life. No major complication that seemed to be unique to C1 laminoplasty was observed over a period of about 4 years follow-up.Conclusions: C1 laminoplasty for patients without obvious segmental instability might be a viable alternative procedure to C1 laminectomy.

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Armbrust, T., S. Schwögler, G. Zöhrens, and G. Ramadori. "C1 esterase inhibitor gene expression in rat Kupffer cells, peritoneal macrophages and blood monocytes: modulation by interferon gamma." Journal of Experimental Medicine 178, no. 2 (August 1, 1993): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.178.2.373.

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Kupffer cells (KC) represent the main part of the tissue macrophages. Beside phagocytosis of particulate material, involvement of KC in immunological and inflammatory reactions has been supposed. As C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) is a serine protease inhibitor involved in such processes, the aim of this work was to study C1-INH synthesis in KC and, by comparison, in peritoneal macrophages (PM) and blood monocytes (MC) of the rat. C1-INH synthesis was studied on the protein level by biosynthetic labeling, immunoprecipitation, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, and on the RNA level by Northern blotting of total RNA or by in situ hybridization. KC were found to express C1-INH gene spontaneously. C1-INH synthesis represents 1.3 +/- 0.2% of total protein synthesis at day 1 of culture and the absolute amount each cell synthesis remains constant during the whole time in culture. Transcripts of C1-INH were detected both in freshly isolated and in cultured KC. In contrast, spontaneous C1-INH gene expression was not detectable in freshly isolated PM, but only in cultured PM. In MC, C1-INH was not detectable at any time, whatever. Treatment of the cells with interferon gamma increased C1-INH synthesis in KC and in PM and caused an induction of C1-INH synthesis in MC. The results suggest that constitutive C1-INH synthesis is a functional marker for mature tissue macrophages.

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Varga, Lilian A., Dorottya Csuka, George Füst, Zsuzsanna Zotter, Erika Szabó, Ibolya Czaller, and Henriette Farkas. "Functional C1-inhibitor level increases during attacks of hereditary angioedema." Immunobiology 217, no. 11 (November 2012): 1172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2012.08.126.

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8

Kang, H. R., E. Y. Yim, S. Y. Oh, Y. S. Chang, Y. K. Kim, S. H. Cho, K. U. Min, and Y. Y. Kim. "Normal C1 inhibitor mRNA expression level in type I hereditary angioedema patients: newly found C1 inhibitor gene mutations." Allergy 61, no. 2 (February 2006): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01010.x.

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9

Aldrich, E. Francois, Peter B. Weber, and Wayne N. Crow. "Halifax interlaminar clamp for posterior cervical fusion: a long-term follow-up review." Journal of Neurosurgery 78, no. 5 (May 1993): 702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1993.78.5.0702.

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✓ Fifty consecutive patients requiring posterior cervical fusion for various pathologies were treated with Halifax interlaminar clamps for internal spinal fixation. Fusion involved the C1–2 level in 17 cases, the C1–3 level in one, and the lower cervical area (C2–7) in 32. No patient was lost to follow-up review, which varied from 6 to 40 months (average 21 months). Fusion failed in five patients, three at the C1–2 level, one at the C1–3 level, and one at the C2–3 level. Screw loosening was the cause of failure in four patients, and in one the arch of C-1 fractured. No other complications occurred. Because of the lack of complications, avoidance of the hazards of sublaminar instrumentation, and an excellent fusion rate, this technique is highly recommended for posterior cervical fusion in the lower cervical spine. Atlantoaxial arthrodesis was achieved in only 14 (82%) of 17 patients, however, which might be due to the higher mobility at this multiaxial level. Improved results in this region may be possible by using a new modified interlaminar clamp, by performing adequate bone fusions, and by postoperative external halo immobilization in high-risk patients.

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Werle, Stephan, Ali Ezzati, Hesham ElSaghir, and Heinrich Boehm. "Is inclusion of the occiput necessary in fusion for C1–2 instability in rheumatoid arthritis?" Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 18, no. 1 (January 2013): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.10.spine12710.

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ObjectThe atlantoaxial joint is the location most and earliest affected in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In longstanding disease, ligamentous and osseous destruction can progress and involve all cervical segments. If surgical intervention is necessary, some prefer, to be safe, undertaking fusion to the occiput, whereas others advocate 1-level fusion of C1–2. Sparing the occiput (Oc)–C1 segment would allow retention of a considerable amount of physiological range of motion and seems beneficial against subaxial overload. Previous clinical studies on this topic have provided only nonspecific data after short-term follow-up, rendering a segment-sparing approach questionable.The purpose of the present investigation was to assess long-term progression of inflammatory or degenerative destruction in the Oc–C1 segment after isolated C1–2 fusion for RA.MethodsIn a series of 113 consecutive patients with RA-related destruction restricted to the craniocervical junction, 14 individuals underwent Oc–C2 fusion and 99 underwent surgery exclusively at the C1–2 level. After a mean follow-up period of 9.4 years (range 4.9–14.7 years), 46 patients were available for clinical and radiographic examination, including CT imaging.ResultsNone of the 46 patients needed additional surgery to extend the fusion to the occiput. Despite marked deterioration in the subaxial cervical spine, in general there were little or no changes in the atlantooccipital region. All but one patient presented with bony fusion of the fixed C1–2 level at follow-up.ConclusionsThe results of this investigation suggest that if the Oc–C1 joint is free of osseous destructions on conventional radiographs and free of abnormalities on MRI scans at the time of surgery (for transarticular fixation and fusion of C1–2), there is a very low risk for relevant destruction in the following 5–14 years. Thus, no prophylactic oligosegmental approach, but rather a segment-sparing monosegmental approach, is preferred, even in patients with high inflammatory levels.

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11

Okroj, Marcin, Jonatan Sjölander, Leticia Corrales, and Anna M. Blom. "Inter alpha inhibitor (IαI) inhibits classical complement pathway at C1 level." Molecular Immunology 46, no. 14 (September 2009): 2860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2009.05.303.

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Chowdhury, Forhad H., Mohammod Raziul Haque, Maliha Hakim, Mohammod Shamsul Arifin, and Soyed Ariful Islam. "Bilateral Accessory C1 and C2 Facet Joints; Clinical, Neuroradiological and Peroperative Findings in an Adult with Quadriparesis." Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery 38, no. 04 (August 27, 2019): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688460.

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Objectives Accessory C1 and C2 facet joints are very rare. Only few cases were reported in the literature. We report a case of bilateral accessory facets in an adult with special attention to clinical, neuroradiological, as well as peroperative findings. Case report A 37-year-old male presented with progressive quadriparesis. Radiology revealed bilateral posterior accessory C1 and C2 facet joints compressing the spinal cord with craniovertebral junction (CVJ) instability. Both accessory C1 and C2 facets with the posterior arch of the C1 were removed. Lateral mass screws and plates fixation at the C1 and C2 level, as well as fusion, were performed. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well. Conclusion In accessory C1 and C2 facet joints, when symptomatic, neuroradiological findings can guide to the proper diagnosis, to pathological understanding, and, ultimately, to management strategy.

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Huisman, L. G. M., J. M. T. van Griensven, and C. Kluft. "On the Role of C1-Inhibitor as Inhibitor of Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator in Human Plasma." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 73, no. 03 (1995): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1653798.

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SummaryAn enzyme immuno assay was developed to measure complexes of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) with C1-inhibitor in order to study the role of C1-inhibitor as an inhibitor of t-PA in plasma. In vitro experiments with melanoma and recombinant t-PA learned that purified C1-inhibitor reacts with both single chain t-PA and two chain t-PA. The rate constants ranged from 3.0 to 5.2 M-1s-1 In plasma, melanoma and recombinant two chain t-PA were hardly inhibited by C1-inhibitor, in contrast to melanoma and recombinant single chain t-PA which were inhibited to the same extent by endogenous C1-inhibitor as they were by purified C1-inhibitor. In vivo, t-PA/C1-inhibitor complex could be measured in plasma in a few cases in healthy volunteers (0.62 ± 0.43 ng/ml t-PA equivalents), after exercise (0.84 ± 0.25 ng/ml t-PA equivalents) and after a desmopressin infusion (0.26 ± 0.04 ng/ml t-PA equivalents). However, t-PA/C1-inhibitor complex was found in plasma in all cases after venous occlusion (1.7 ± 0.5 ng/ml t-PA equivalents), in peritoneal fluid from patients suffering from peritoneal inflammatory disease (2.2 ± 1.3 ng/ml t-PA equivalents) and in plasma from healthy volunteers during a t-PA infusion (27.7 ± 18.5 ng/ml t-PA equivalents at peak level). In the last case, about 8 % of the infused dose of recombinant t-PA (alteplase) was inhibited by C1-inhibitor at peak level. The half-life (t1/2α) of t-PA antigen in plasma was found not to be altered when t-PA was inhibited by C1-inhibitor (4.0 min and 4.2 min, respectively). Thus, in vivo, t-PA/C1-inhibitor complex is mostly present when t-PA escapes rapid liver clearance and accumulates in one place (e.g. during venous occlusion or in peritoneal fluid) or when it circulates in high concentrations (e.g. during t-PA infusion).

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Pollack, Murray M. "Level II pediatric intensive care units*." Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 7, no. 6 (November 2006): 606–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pcc.0000244097.63986.c1.

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Visy, Beáta, Tamás Szilágyi, Kinga Viktória Kőhalmi, Nóra Veszeli, Lilian Varga, Éva Imreh, and Henriette Farkas. "A D3-vitamin-szint és a betegség súlyossága közötti kapcsolat vizsgálata herediter angioödémában." Orvosi Hetilap 160, no. 25 (June 2019): 987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2019.31429.

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Abstract: Introduction: In recent years, many papers analyzed the relationship between serum vitamin D3 level and the frequency and activity of various diseases at least partially attributed to immune mechanisms. Aim: We looked for correlations among the number and location of edematous episodes occurring in patients with hereditary angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) and the quantity of the C1-inhibitor used for supplementation as well as the vitamin D3 levels of patients. Method: We measured vitamin D3 levels in 118 of the 175 C1-INH-HAE patients of the National Angioedema Reference Center during the winter–spring (n = 111) and the summer–autumn periods (n = 105) in 2013–2014. Complement levels and clinical data were extracted from the National Angioedema Registry and from patient diaries. Results: The proportion of vitamin D3 deficient patients (serum level <20 ng/ml) was approximately 59.5% during winter–spring, 27.6% in summer–autumn, and 23.5% during both periods. There was a significant difference between vitamin D3 serum levels measured in the winter–spring or in the summer–autumn months (p<0.0001). The same applies to the number of the vials of C1-inhibitor concentrate administered as acute treatment for angioedema attacks (p = 0.01). In any season, vitamin D3 level did not correlate with the number of attacks experienced by the patients during the given period or of the vials of C1-inhibitor concentrate administered. Conclusions: We could not demonstrate a relationship between vitamin D3 level and the frequency or location of edematous episodes in HAE patients. The need for treatment (as reflected by the number of the vials administered) was higher in the winter–spring period. As vitamin D3 deficiency was more severe than expected in our patients, supplementation is clearly necessary. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(25): 987–993.

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Moraes, Caroline Guth de Freitas Batista de, Liya Regina Mikami, Lilian Pereira Ferrari, João Bosco Pesquero, Herberto José Chong-Neto, and Nelson Augusto Rosario Filho. "Short-term Prophylaxis for Delivery in Pregnant Women with Hereditary Angioedema with Normal C1-Inhibitor." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 42, no. 12 (December 2020): 845–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1718955.

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Abstract Objective To verify the efficacy of short-term prophylaxis for vaginal or cesarean section childbirth with plasma-derived C1-inhibitor concentrate in pregnant women. They should have hereditary angioedema (HAE) and normal plasma C1-inhibitor. Methods Case report of pregnant women diagnosed with HAE with normal C1-inhibitor who had been treated with intravenous C1-inhibitor concentrate for prophylaxis of angioedema attacks when hospitalized for delivery. The exon 9 of the Factor 12 (F12) genotyping gene was performed by automatic sequencing in all patients. Results Three cases of pregnant women with HAE with normal serum level of C1-inhibitor are reported. The genetic test detected the presence of a pathogenic mutation in the F12 gene. Deliveries occurred uneventfully and patients had no HAE symptoms in the following 72 hours. Conclusion C1-inhibitor concentrate could be useful to prevent angioedema attacks during and after delivery.

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Domańska, Anna. "Poziom efektywnej biegłości użytkowej – kto mierzy się z poziomem C1 na państwowym egzaminie certyfikatowym z języka polskiego jako obcego?" Poradnik Językowy 2020, no. 3/2020(772) (March 25, 2020): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2020.3.4.

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The 11th examination session for foreigners taking the state examination in Polish as a foreign language at four levels (B1–C1) was held at the University of Warsaw in autumn 2019. The group taking the examination at the level of effective operational profi ciency (C1) were subject to a survey. The paper describes its selected aspects, such as age, gender, education, nationality, and motivations of the examinees. The results of the examined foreigners’ selfassessment were compared to the results they achieved in individual language skills. The motives for taking the examination were discussed extensively and particular attention was drawn to the new legal reality, which played (and will probably play) a major role in selecting the C1 level.

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Aronen, H. J., L. Kivisaari, I. Torstila, T. Paavonen, S. Meri, S. L. Karonen, and C. G. Standertskjöld-Nordenstam. "Level of Plasma Prekallikrein and its Inhibitors in Reactors and Nonreactors during Intravenous Enhancement with Contrast Media." Acta Radiologica 33, no. 4 (July 1992): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519203300418.

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Complex contact activation systems may play a major role in the side effects of i.v. contrast media (CM). This is why quantitative measurements of several factors (plasma prekallikrein, hematocrit (hct), α-2-macroglobulin, α-1-antitrypsin, and C1-esterase inhibitor) were determined prior to and following the injection of CM during body CT examination in 5 patient groups, each (n = 10) receiving one of 5 different CM, including ioxaglate, meglumine iodamide, metrizamide, iohexol, and meglumine diatrizoate. The initial plasma prekallikrein level was available from 45 patients and was statistically lower in reactors (mean 90.6 μmol TAMe/ml/h; n = 13) than in nonreactors (mean 107 μmol TAMe/ml/h; n = 32) (p = 0.006), but there was no statistically significant difference in the decrease of plasma prekallikrein before and at 5 min after the injection for those 2 groups. The initial plasma C1-esterase inhibitor level was lower in reactors, while the plasma α-2-macroglobulin level was higher in that group than in nonreactors. The results indicate that the measurement of plasma prekallikrein combined with plasma C1-esterase inhibitor and α-2-macroglobulin measurement could be useful when predicting which patients are prone to CM reactions.

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Spajić, Marija, and Yvonne Vrhovac. "Common European Framework of Reference for Languages in Croatia: an analysis of writing competence at level C1." Linguistica 54, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.54.1.129-152.

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The aim of the article is to present the results of a research conducted with advanced (C1 level) learners of French as a foreign language in Croatia, in which their writing competence was studied according to the CEFR descriptors. Our hypothesis was that reaching level C1 demanded that a considerable amount of effort be invested in the development of learners’ writing and pragmatic skills. In the evaluation of these skills, characteristics of culture-specific learning contexts are to be taken into account. To test our hypothesis, we used a structured questionnaire and interviews with teachers. The results of our research are presented in the conclusion.

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Huang, Yuli, Weiyi Mai, and Yunzhao Hu. "Relationship between sleep quality and the level and pattern of BP." Nature Reviews Cardiology 9, no. 7 (May 22, 2012): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2011.202-c1.

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Fomina, Daria S., Elena N. Bobrikova, and Sofia A. Serdotetskova. "Features of diagnostics and clinical approaches to case management of patients with hereditary angioedema without C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency. Analysis of the clinical case." Russian Journal of Allergy 17, no. 1 (February 15, 2020): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/raj.2.020.17.1.006.

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This article describes the clinical, biochemical and genetic features of hereditary angioedema (HAE) with normal level and functional activity of C1 esterase inhibitor. The discussion includes pathogenesis, diagnostics and case management of patients with hereditary angioedema without C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency. The materials of few scientific sources about patients with HAE without C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency in stages and our own clinical case (the female patient of fertile age with a confirmed mutation associated with factor XII (Hageman) deficiency) was given. The article describes the current state of the issue of the algorithm of primary diagnostics and differential diagnostics of HAE without C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency based on international and Russian data. It has been suggested that the new understanding of pathogenesis and treatment of patients with HAE without C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency is encouraging and becoming accessible to the medical society.

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Fomina, Daria S., Elena N. Bobrikova, and Sofia A. Serdotetskova. "Features of diagnostics and clinical approaches to case management of patients with hereditary angioedema without C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency. Analysis of the clinical case." Russian Journal of Allergy 17, no. 1 (February 15, 2020): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/raj.2020.17.1.006.

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This article describes the clinical, biochemical and genetic features of hereditary angioedema (HAE) with normal level and functional activity of C1 esterase inhibitor. The discussion includes pathogenesis, diagnostics and case management of patients with hereditary angioedema without C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency. The materials of few scientific sources about patients with HAE without C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency in stages and our own clinical case (the female patient of fertile age with a confirmed mutation associated with factor XII (Hageman) deficiency) was given. The article describes the current state of the issue of the algorithm of primary diagnostics and differential diagnostics of HAE without C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency based on international and Russian data. It has been suggested that the new understanding of pathogenesis and treatment of patients with HAE without C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency is encouraging and becoming accessible to the medical society.

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Hayek, Salim M. "Occipital Neurostimulation-Induced Muscle Spasms: Implications for Lead Placement." September 2009 5;12, no. 5;9 (September 14, 2009): 867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2009/12/867.

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Background: For many headache types, occipital peripheral nerve stimulation (ONS) provides significant relief of chronic, frequent, and severe headaches. Though rarely reported, ONS may cause painful muscle spasms that make stimulator use impractical. The classic description of the technique advocates placement of the leads transversely at the level of the arch of C1 or at C1-2. At that level, the greater occipital nerve (GON) infrequently pierces the superficial fascia of the neck muscles to become superficial. However, important anatomic variability exists. Objective: To report placement of leads higher at the nuchal line rather than the classically recommended C1 level to avoid ONS-induced muscle spasm. Methods: Four interventional pain physicians independently revised ONS leads due to painful muscle stimulation. Five case reports of surgical ONS lead revision for management of ONS-induced muscle spasms are described and discussed. Results: Placement of peripheral neurostimulator leads at or above the nuchal line in these 5 cases provided good paresthesiae without causing neck muscle spasm. Conclusion: Lead placement at the level of C1 or C1-2 may cause some patients to have intolerable neck/occipital spasm during neurostimulation. This is the first known published report of technical variation in the location of lead placement, at the nuchal line in a transverse fashion, for ONS. Placing ONS leads at the level of the occipital protuberance appears to eliminate ONS-induced muscle spasm while allowing good paresthesia coverage. Limitations: Stimulation parameters vary, thus posting parameters may be misleading as muscle spasms occurred despite multiple reprogramming attempts and were a function of lead position, not program settings. Key words: Occipital nerve stimulator, peripheral neurostimulation, muscle spasm, complication, interventional pain management, cephalgia, headache, migraine, occipital neuralgia, greater occipital nerve

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Tapisiz, Anil, Ebru Ergenekon, Murat Oktem, Esin Koc, Nurullah Okumus, Aysegül Zenciroğlu, and Yıldız Atalay. "C1 inhibitor level on neonatal sepsis and its relations with clinical findings." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 46, no. 3 (March 17, 2010): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2009.01649.x.

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M.Kes, Sufitni, Lita Feriyawati, Yunita Sari Pane, and Aznan Lelo. "The Effect of Torbangun Leaves Tea on Msg-induced Fetal Develop-ment Disorder in Mice." Sumatera Medical Journal 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/sumej.v2i1.717.

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The safety of MSG on the fetus has not been confirmed yet. The objective of this research is to determine the effect of tea of torbangun leaves on fetal development disorder of mice. The present study is experimental with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data obtained were then analyzed by ANOVA, with p<0,05 as the level of significant. The comparison of mean values ± SEM increase number of live fetuses group C1-T1 (4,60 ± 0,93; 11,40 ± 0,87), p=0,018. The comparison of mean values ± SEM decrease number of embryo re-sorption percentage group C0-C1 (00,00 ± 00,00; 36,74 ± 15,13), group C1-C2 (36,74 ± 15,13; 00,00 ± 0,00), group C1-T1 (36,74 ± 15,13; 00,00 ± 0,00), and group C1-T2 (36,74 ± 15,13; 15,00 ± 22,36), p=0,020. This study concluded that T1 group is giving the best effect on increasing life fetuses and decreasing embryo re-sorption percentage.

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Coppola, Ludovico, Salvatore Guastafierro, Giovanni Verrazzo, Antonino Coppola, Domenico De Lucia, and Angelo Tirelli. "C1 Inhibitor Infusion Modifies Platelet Activity in Hereditary Angioedema Patients." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 126, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 842–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2002-126-0842-ciimpa.

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Abstract Context.—C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) is an α2-globulin that blocks esterolytic activity of the first component of the classic complement cascade. The α-granules of normal human platelets also contain C1-INH, which is expressed on the platelet surface during platelet secretion in healthy patients, but it is clearly reduced in patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE). Objective.—To evaluate the effects of in vivo C1-INH concentrate infusion on platelet responsiveness and coagulation system activity in patients with HAE. Design.—Assessment of the platelet activity and plasma levels of C1-INH, activated factor XII (XIIa), and prothrombin fragment F1.2 (F1.2) before and after infusion of 15 U/kg of C1-INH concentrate. Patients.—In 6 patients (4 men and 2 women), HAE was diagnosed according to the accepted clinical and laboratory criteria. Measurements.—Platelet aggregation (final concentrations: adenosine diphosphate, 0.5, 1.25, and 2.5μM; collagen, 5 μg/mL), C1-INH antigen (radial immunodiffusion), C1-INH activity (chromogenic substrates), and XIIa and F1.2 (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results.—After C1-INH infusion, we observed a prompt increase of C1-INH level and a slow return toward its plasma preinfusion values within 4 to 7 days, a significant decrease of both adenosine diphosphate– and collagen-induced platelet aggregation versus preinfusion values (maximum after 1–2 days; P < .001), and a rapid decrease of high basal values of XIIa and F1.2 in 30 and 120 minutes, respectively. Conclusions.—These data show a role of C1-INH in the control of platelet activity and that its deficiency increases platelet aggregability and plasma levels of XIIa and F1.2 in patients with HAE.

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Jacquemin, Marc, Abdellah Benhida, Kathelijne Peerlinck, Benoı̂t Desqueper, Luc Vander Elst, Renaud Lavend'homme, Roseline d'Oiron, et al. "A human antibody directed to the factor VIII C1 domain inhibits factor VIII cofactor activity and binding to von Willebrand factor." Blood 95, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.1.156.

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Abstract The occurrence of factor VIII (fVIII) inhibitory antibodies is a rare complication of fVIII substitution therapy in mild/moderate hemophilia A patients. fVIII mutations in certain regions such as the C1 domain are, however, more frequently associated with inhibitor, for reasons which remain unclear. To determine whether inhibitors could map to the mutation site, we analyzed at the clonal level the immune response of such a patient with an inhibitor to wild-type but not self-fVIII and an Arg2150His substitution in the C1 domain. Immortalization of the patient B lymphocytes provided a cell line producing an anti-fVIII IgG4κ antibody, LE2E9, that inhibited fVIII cofactor activity, following type 2 kinetics and prevented fVIII binding to von Willebrand factor. Epitope mapping with recombinant fVIII fragments indicated that LE2E9 recognized the fVIII C1 domain, but not the Arg2150His-substituted C1 domain. Accordingly, LE2E9 did not inhibit Arg2150His fVIII activity. These observations identify C1 as a novel target for fVIII inhibitors and demonstrate that Arg2150His substitution alters a B-cell epitope in the C1 domain, which may contribute to the higher inhibitor incidence in patients carrying such substitution. (Blood. 2000; 95:156-163)

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Jacquemin, Marc, Abdellah Benhida, Kathelijne Peerlinck, Benoı̂t Desqueper, Luc Vander Elst, Renaud Lavend'homme, Roseline d'Oiron, et al. "A human antibody directed to the factor VIII C1 domain inhibits factor VIII cofactor activity and binding to von Willebrand factor." Blood 95, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.1.156.001k50_156_163.

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The occurrence of factor VIII (fVIII) inhibitory antibodies is a rare complication of fVIII substitution therapy in mild/moderate hemophilia A patients. fVIII mutations in certain regions such as the C1 domain are, however, more frequently associated with inhibitor, for reasons which remain unclear. To determine whether inhibitors could map to the mutation site, we analyzed at the clonal level the immune response of such a patient with an inhibitor to wild-type but not self-fVIII and an Arg2150His substitution in the C1 domain. Immortalization of the patient B lymphocytes provided a cell line producing an anti-fVIII IgG4κ antibody, LE2E9, that inhibited fVIII cofactor activity, following type 2 kinetics and prevented fVIII binding to von Willebrand factor. Epitope mapping with recombinant fVIII fragments indicated that LE2E9 recognized the fVIII C1 domain, but not the Arg2150His-substituted C1 domain. Accordingly, LE2E9 did not inhibit Arg2150His fVIII activity. These observations identify C1 as a novel target for fVIII inhibitors and demonstrate that Arg2150His substitution alters a B-cell epitope in the C1 domain, which may contribute to the higher inhibitor incidence in patients carrying such substitution. (Blood. 2000; 95:156-163)

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Fu, Lisa W., Tamlyn Freedman-Kalchman, Stephen Betschel, and Gordon Sussman. "Review of hereditary angioedema." LymphoSign Journal 3, no. 2 (June 2016): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14785/lymphosign-2016-0001.

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Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease caused by deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH). It is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a variety of mutations in the C1-INH gene. C1-INH is an important regulator of several pathways. One pathway it affects is the kallikrein–kinin pathway, which results in the generation of bradykinin. Bradykinin is an important mediator of edema. Diagnosis is based on low levels of C1-INH. HAE with normal C1-INH is also recognized in the literature and the pathophysiology is due to another aspect of the pathway being affected leading to increased bradykinin level. Bradykinin results in intermittent swelling of the cutaneous and mucosal surfaces. The swelling usually evolves over several hours and lasts a few days. Location of the swelling can involve any part of the body including fatal laryngeal edema. Newer treatments exist to treat acute attacks and reduce the frequency of future attacks. Earlier diagnosis and treatment of hereditary angioedema can prevent HAE-associated mortality. Statement of novelty: New treatments are used to treat these attacks. These treatments are aimed at patients having a more normal life with hereditary angioedema.

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Bindon, C. I., G. Hale, M. Brüggemann, and H. Waldmann. "Human monoclonal IgG isotypes differ in complement activating function at the level of C4 as well as C1q." Journal of Experimental Medicine 168, no. 1 (July 1, 1988): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.168.1.127.

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Humanized antibodies are likely to have a major role in therapy and it is important to define their interaction with physiological effectors. By comparing a matched series of chimeric human mAbs we found that igG1 was most efficient in complement lysis, although IgG3 bound more C1q. To resolve this paradox we compared the ability of human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and IgE and rat IgG2b to cause C1q binding, C1 binding and activation, C4 activation, C4b binding, and C3b binding. Rat IgG2b was included because this isotype has already successfully been used for therapy. Human IgG1 was less efficient than IgG3 and fixing C1q and C1 on the cell surface, but the number of C4 molecules bound per C1 was 10-fold greater for IgG1 than for IgG3. This difference, amplified through later stages of the complement cascade, can account for the superiority of IgG1 for cell lysis. The efficiency of IgG1 in fixing C4 was not due to a favored binding site on the antibody molecule, since virtually all of the bound C4b was attached to the cells. Rather, it appeared that the activation of C4 by C1s was greatly favored by IgG1 compared with IgG3. It should be possible to combine the optimal properties of IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies to produce an improved therapeutic reagent.

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Madden, Christopher J., Sean D. Stocker, and Alan F. Sved. "Attenuation of homeostatic responses to hypotension and glucoprivation after destruction of catecholaminergic rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 291, no. 3 (September 2006): R751—R759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00800.2005.

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This study determined the effect of destruction of rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)-C1 cells on integrated sympathetic and hormonal responses to hypotension or glucoprivation. Injection of anti-dopamine β-hydroxylase-saporin into the RVLM resulted in 29–99% depletion of RVLM-C1 neurons and ∼60% reduction in the number of A5 neurons. As in our previous study in unanesthetized rats, resting mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced by ∼10 mmHg in rats with >80% depletion of RVLM-C1 cells compared with control rats, although resting heart rate (HR) did not differ significantly. In the present study, resting plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) did not differ significantly between control rats and rats with >80% depletion of RVLM-C1 cells, although there was a tendency for RVLM-C1 lesioned rats to have lower levels. Also consistent with our previous study, hydralazine (HDZ)-evoked hypotension resulted in smaller increases in HR and plasma levels of NE in rats with >80% depletion of RVLM-C1 cells compared with control rats. Furthermore, the elevated plasma levels of posterior pituitary hormones vasopressin and oxytocin evoked by HDZ were blunted in RVLM-C1 lesioned rats compared with control rats, even though MAP fell to lower levels in the lesioned rats. Plasma renin activity, plasma osmolality, and plasma protein concentrations did not differ between control rats and rats with >80% depletion of RVLM-C1 neurons. In response to systemic administration of 2-deoxyglucose, the circulating level of epinephrine and the resulting hyperglycemia were attenuated in rats with >80% depletion of RVLM-C1 cells compared with control rats. These results demonstrate that RVLM-C1 cells, in addition to playing a role in acute cardiovascular reflexes, play an important role in integrated sympathetic and hormonal responses to homeostatic challenges such as hypotension and glucoprivation.

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Hong, Yang, Elizabeth Fink, Qiong-Ying Hu, William B. Kiosses, and John H. Elder. "OrfA Downregulates Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Primary Receptor CD134 on the Host Cell Surface and Is Important in Viral Infection." Journal of Virology 84, no. 14 (May 12, 2010): 7225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00434-10.

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ABSTRACT Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) OrfA is an accessory protein that is critical for productive viral replication and infection in T cells. Here, we show that OrfA acts to markedly reduce cell surface expression of the FIV primary binding receptor. Downregulation does not occur at the transcriptional or translational level in that the amounts of CD134 mRNA and protein in total cell lysates are not altered between parental 104-C1 T cells and the same cell line stably expressing OrfA (104-C1-OrfA). Analysis by confocal microscopy revealed significant accumulation of CD134 in the Golgi apparatus of 104-C1 cells expressing OrfA. OrfA does not cause a generalized disruption of membrane trafficking in that surface expression of CD9 is unaffected by OrfA overexpression. Consistent with the above observations, OrfA-negative FIV-34TF10 productively infects CrFK (CD134-negative) and 104-C1-OrfA (CD134 downregulated by OrfA) cells but fails to productively infect either 104-C1 (CD134-positive) cells or GFox (CrFK cells overexpressing CD134) cells. FIV-34TF10 in which the OrfA reading frame is open (OrfArep) productively infects CrFK, GFox, 104-C1, and 104-C1-OrfA cells. We hypothesize that reduced surface expression of the receptor, a hallmark of retrovirus infections, may facilitate an increase in virus release from the infected cell by minimizing receptor interactions with budding virus particles.

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Birch-Iensen, M. "Pharyngeal Abscess Resulting in a Fusion of the Skullbase-Cl-C2." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 13, no. 2 (April 2000): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090001300217.

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A 46-year-old white male drug addict presented with a retropharyngeal space mass. Clinical examination was suggestive of an abscess which was confirmed by radiological examination which also showed contrast enhancement in the prevertebral and epidural space from the skullbase to the C5 level. The abscess was incised and antibiotics administered. The following year, atlantoaxial instability and a rotatory dislocation of C1 on C2 was found and two years after treatment a rotatory dislocation of C1 on C2 with a fusion between the skullbase, C1 and C2 was found, a complication not previously reported. His complaints at this stage consisted of L'Hermitte symptoms and severe limitation on head rotation.

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Burak, Kelly W., and Gary R. May. "C1 Inhibitor Deficiency and Angioedema of the Small Intestine Masquerading as Crohn’s Disease." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 14, no. 4 (2000): 349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/414107.

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A case of C1 inhibitor deficiency presenting as localized edema of the small intestine is described. A 16-year-old, previously healthy woman presented with recurrent attacks of abdominal pain and vomiting following minor abdominal trauma. Investigations including computed tomography scan and barium studies confirmed localized edema of the jejunum. At laparoscopy, Crohn’s disease was suspected; however, a subsequent enteroscopy was normal. Complement levels revealed a low C4 level, and C1 inhibitor deficiency was later confirmed. Attacks of abdominal pain began after starting oral contraceptives and have not returned since stopping the birth control pill. This rare cause of abdominal pain is examined, and C1 inhibitor deficiency and angioedema are reviewed.

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Faytrouni, F., R. Harris, S. Lawrence, and R. Russel. "A104 A STUDY OF POST-INDUCTION INFLIXIMAB TROUGH LEVELS DEMONSTRATES MOST PEDIATRIC IBD PATIENTS ARE BEING UNDERDOSED." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 3, Supplement_1 (February 2020): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwz047.103.

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Abstract Background Infliximab (IFX) is widely used for induction and maintenance of remission in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD). Post induction IFX trough levels are a predictor of clinical and biochemical remission at week 52. Aims - evaluate the effectiveness of infliximab (IFX) induction regimens in attaining therapeutic post induction IFX trough levels in 2 PIBD cohorts. - investigate baseline laboratory values and patient factors as predictors of post-induction levels. Methods 78 patients from Vancouver, Canada [Cohort 1 (C1) originator IFX; variable dose induction regimen] and 62 patients from Glasgow, Scotland [Cohort 2 (C2) replication cohort - biosimilar IFX; standard induction of 5mg/kg at 0, 2 and 6 weeks, with 8 weekly maintenance] were included in the study. Baseline characteristics and laboratory values from time of IFX initiation were recorded. Mann-Whitney U Testing was utilized to analyse the relationship between IFX trough levels and lab parameters. Results The median pre-dose 4 trough in C1 & C2 was 4.25mg/L (IQR 7.8) and 1.85mg/L (IQR 3.38) respectively. In C1 patients who had a trough level <3mg/L pre-dose 4, 62% (20/32) had already had a dose adjustment documented. The IFX dose of 50% (39/78) of C1 patients and 65% (40/62) of C2 patients was escalated following the pre-dose 4 IFX level. TABLE 1 Baseline median albumin (Alb) was significantly lower and replicated in both cohorts in those with low pre-dose 4 IFX levels: IFX trough <0.8mg/L C1: Alb 30g/L vs 37.5g/L in IFX ≥0.8mg/L, p=0.002 C2: Alb 34.5g/L vs 37g/L in IFX ≥0.8mg/L, p=0.02 IFX trough <3.0mg/L C1:Alb 34.5g/L vs 38g/L in IFX ≥3.0mg/L, p= 0.05 C2:Alb 35g/L vs 37g/L in IFX ≥3.0mg/L, p=0.04 IFX trough <5.0mg/L C1:Alb 35g/L vs 39g/L in IFX ≥5.0mg/L, p=0.006 C2:Alb 35g/L vs 37g/L in IFX ≥5.0mg/L, p=0.45 In the combined cohort (C1 + 2), patients with baseline albumin ≤30g/L had significantly lower IFX levels pre-dose 4 than those with albumin >30g/L (1.4mg/L vs 3.55mg/L, p=0.0003). In patients with an albumin ≤30g/L, 23% (6/26) achieved a dose 4 trough level of ≥3.0mg/L, however only 1/6 patients received a standard induction regime meaning only 4% (1/26) of patients had a trough ≥3.0mg/L on standard treatment. Conclusions Standard IFX induction regimen is ineffective in achieving relevant post-induction trough levels (>5 mg/L) in the majority of PIBD patients regardless of IFX type. We suggest that optimization of initial IFX prescribing based on baseline albumin (i.e. a higher dose given to patients with albumin < 30g/L) and subsequent levels will improve post-induction trough levels and consequently clinical outcomes for a greater proportion of patients. Funding Agencies None

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Takami, Toshihiro, Isao Chokyu, Hiroki Morisako, Takashi Nagata, and Kenji Ohata. "Surgery of Spinal Nerve Sheath Tumors Originating from C1 or C2 Spinal Level." Spinal Surgery 24, no. 1 (2010): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2531/spinalsurg.24.103.

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Gupta, S., F. Wu, V. C. Gowda, P. Muniyappa, and W. B. Klaustermeyer. "Hereditary angioedema in three brothers with normal C1 esterase inhibitor level and function." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 111, no. 2 (February 2003): S323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-6749(03)81177-6.

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Uchino, Akira, Naoko Saito, Takeyuki Watadani, Yoshitaka Okada, Eito Kozawa, Naoko Nishi, Waka Mizukoshi, Kaiji Inoue, Reiko Nakajima, and Masahiro Takahashi. "Vertebral artery variations at the C1–2 level diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography." Neuroradiology 54, no. 1 (February 22, 2011): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-011-0849-z.

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Kumar, Nitin, Jaskaran Singh Gosal, Sarbesh Tiwari, Mayank Garg, Suryanarayanan Bhaskar, and Deepak Kumar Jha. "Craniovertebral junction anomaly with kissing carotids." Surgical Neurology International 11 (November 6, 2020): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_710_2020.

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Background: “Kissing carotids” typically involves the lower C4-C6 retropharyngeal space. Here, we describe a case of “kissing carotids” observed at the C1-C2 level in conjunction with basilar invagination (BI). Case Description: A 34-year-old-male presented with congenital atlantoaxial dislocation and BI. The initial surgical plan was for a transoral decompression (TOD). However, this approach was abandoned when the preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) documented “kissing carotids” lying anteriorly at the C1-C2 level. Conclusion: Obtaining a CTA before performing a TOD for BI is essential to prevent an intraoperative catastrophic hemorrhage due to the laceration of “kissing carotids.”

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Raju, C., and M. N. Narasimha Murthy. "Minimum risks chain sampling plans (ChSP-4(c1, c2,)) indexed by acceptable quality level and limiting quality level." Journal of Applied Statistics 22, no. 3 (January 1995): 389–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/757584727.

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Colin, Vellyza, Santoso Ujang Effendi, and Desna Pranata Leoni. "The Relationship between Psychological/Mentally with Anxiety Level of Pre-Caesarean Section Patients in dr. M. Yunus Hospital Bengkulu." Jurnal Sains Kesehatan 25, no. 2 (August 22, 2018): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37638/jsk.25.2.58-68.

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The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between psychological/mental factors with the level of anxiety in pre-caesarean section patients treated in the C1 Mawar Midwifery Ward, dr. M. yunus Bengkulu. The design of this research was Cross Sectional. The population in this study was pre-caesarean section patients treated in C1 Mawar obstetric ward RSUD dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu was 30 people, while the sampling in this study was using accidental sampling techniques and data collection researchers used questionnaires through interviews or primary data. The results of chi-square statistical test showed that there were 9 patients (30.0%) with feelings of guilt or guilt and 21 patients (70.0%), 12 people (40.0%) with psychological trauma or guilt and 18 people (60.0%) did not experience psychological trauma, 11 people (36.7%) with moderate anxiety and 19 people (63.3%) with mild anxiety. There was a significant relationship between psychological / mental factors with the level of anxiety in patients with pre-caesarean section in the C1 Mawar Obstetrics Room, RSUD dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu, with a close relationship category. It was recommended for nurses in RSUD dr. M Yunus Bengkulu to provide counseling and explanation about feelings of guilt or guilt and psychic trauma to mother that went through pre-caesarean section to reduce anxiety levels. Keywords: anxiety level, patient, psychological/mental, pre- caesarean sectio

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Lee, Jin-Young, Bong Hyun Sung, So-Hyung Oh, Kil Koang Kwon, Hyewon Lee, Haseong Kim, Dae-Hee Lee, Soo-Jin Yeom, and Seung-Goo Lee. "C1 Compound Biosensors: Design, Functional Study, and Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 2253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092253.

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The microbial assimilation of one-carbon (C1) gases is a topic of interest, given that products developed using this pathway have the potential to act as promising substrates for the synthesis of valuable chemicals via enzymatic oxidation or C–C bonding. Despite extensive studies on C1 gas assimilation pathways, their key enzymes have yet to be subjected to high-throughput evolution studies on account of the lack of an efficient analytical tool for C1 metabolites. To address this challenging issue, we attempted to establish a fine-tuned single-cell–level biosensor system constituting a combination of transcription factors (TFs) and several C1-converting enzymes that convert target compounds to the ligand of a TF. This enzymatic conversion broadens the detection range of ligands by the genetic biosensor systems. In this study, we presented new genetic enzyme screening systems (GESSs) to detect formate, formaldehyde, and methanol from specific enzyme activities and pathways, named FA-GESS, Frm-GESS, and MeOH-GESS, respectively. All the biosensors displayed linear responses to their respective C1 molecules, namely, formate (1.0–250 mM), formaldehyde (1.0–50 μM), and methanol (5–400 mM), and they did so with high specificity. Consequently, the helper enzymes, including formaldehyde dehydrogenase and methanol dehydrogenase, were successfully combined to constitute new versatile combinations of the C1-biosensors.

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Feng, Shengmei, Lianfu Deng, Wei Chen, Jianzhong Shao, Guoliang Xu, and Yi-Ping Li. "Atp6v1c1 is an essential component of the osteoclast proton pump and in F-actin ring formation in osteoclasts." Biochemical Journal 417, no. 1 (December 12, 2008): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20081073.

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Bone resorption relies on the extracellular acidification function of V-ATPase (vacuolar-type proton-translocating ATPase) proton pump(s) present in the plasma membrane of osteoclasts. The exact configuration of the osteoclast-specific ruffled border V-ATPases remains largely unknown. In the present study, we found that the V-ATPase subunit Atp6v1c1 (C1) is highly expressed in osteoclasts, whereas subunits Atp6v1c2a (C2a) and Atp6v1c2b (C2b) are not. The expression level of C1 is highly induced by RANKL [receptor activator for NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) ligand] during osteoclast differentiation; C1 interacts with Atp6v0a3 (a3) and is mainly localized on the ruffled border of activated osteoclasts. The results of the present study show for the first time that C1-silencing by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference severely impaired osteoclast acidification activity and bone resorption, whereas cell differentiation did not appear to be affected, which is similar to a3 silencing. The F-actin (filamentous actin) ring formation was severely defected in C1-depleted osteoclasts but not in a3-depleted and a3−/− osteoclasts. C1 co-localized with microtubules in the plasma membrane and its vicinity in mature osteoclasts. In addition, C1 co-localized with F-actin in the cytoplasm; however, the co-localization chiefly shifted to the cell periphery of mature osteoclasts. The present study demonstrates that Atp6v1c1 is an essential component of the osteoclast proton pump at the osteoclast ruffled border and that it may regulate F-actin ring formation in osteoclast activation.

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Hovorka, Michelle S., and Nandor J. Uray. "Microscopic Clusters of Sensory Neurons in C1 Spinal Nerve Roots and in the C1 Level of the Spinal Accessory Nerve in Adult Humans." Anatomical Record 296, no. 10 (August 9, 2013): 1588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.22757.

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Hermanrud, Thorbjørn, Nicolaj Duus, Anette Bygum, and Eva Rye Rasmussen. "The Use of Plasma-Derived Complement C1-Esterase Inhibitor Concentrate (Berinert®) in the Treatment of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-Inhibitor Related Angioedema." Case Reports in Emergency Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3930923.

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Angioedema of the upper airways is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition. The incidence has been increasing in the past two decades, primarily due to pharmaceuticals influencing the generation or degradation of the vasoactive molecule bradykinin. Plasma-derived C1-esterase inhibitor concentrate is a well-established treatment option of hereditary and acquired complement C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency, which are also mediated by an increased level of bradykinin resulting in recurrent angioedema. We here present a case of severe angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitor related angioedema (ACEi-AE) of the hypopharynx that completely resolved rapidly after the infusion of plasma-derived C1-inhibitor concentrate adding to the sparse reports in the existing literature.

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Zhang, Haiyan, and Min Li. "Transcriptional Profiling of ESTs from the Biocontrol FungusChaetomium cupreum." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/340565.

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Comparative analysis was applied to two cDNA/ESTs libraries (C1 and C2) fromChaetomium cupreum. A total of 5538 ESTs were sequenced and assembled into 2162 unigenes including 585 contigs and 1577 singletons. BlastX analysis enabled the identification of 1211 unigenes with similarities to sequences in the public databases. MFS monosaccharide transporter was found as the gene expressed at the highest level in library C2, but no expression in C1. The majority of unigenes were library specific. Comparative analysis of the ESTs further revealed the difference ofC. cupreumin gene expression and metabolic pathways between libraries. Two different sequences similar to the 48-KDa endochitinase and 46-KDa endochitinase were identified in libraries C1 and C2, respectively.

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Boyko, Galina. "TYPES OF LANGUAGE COMPETENCY FOR TESTING LEVEL С1 FROM UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE AS FOREIGN." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 2(70) (June 14, 2018): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2018-2(70)-38-41.

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Ponzo, Giancarlo, Giuseppe Emmanuele Umana, Massimiliano Giuffrida, Massimo Furnari, Giovanni Federico Nicoletti, and Gianluca Scalia. "Intramedullary craniovertebral junction metastasis leading to the diagnosis of underlying renal cell carcinoma." Surgical Neurology International 11 (June 13, 2020): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_259_2020.

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Background: Intramedullary spinal cord metastases represent 4–8.5% of the central nervous system metastases and affect only 0.1–0.4% of all patients. Those originating from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are extremely rare. Of the eight patients described in the literature with metastatic RCC and intramedullary cord lesion, only five were found in the cervical spine. Here, the authors add a 6th case involving an RCC intramedullary metastasis at the C1–C2 level. Case Description: A 78-year-old male patient presented with intermittent cervicalgia of 5 months duration accompanied by few weeks of a progressive severe right hemiparesis, up to hemiplegia. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination revealed an intramedullary expansive lesion measuring 10 mm×15 mm at the C1–C2 level; it readily enhanced with contrast. A total body computed tomography (CT) scan documented an 85 mm mass involving the right kidney, extending to the ipsilateral adrenal gland, and posteriorly infiltrating the ipsilateral psoas muscle. The subsequent CT-guided fine-needle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of an RCC (Stage IV). The patient next underwent total surgical total removal of the C1–C2 intramedullary mass, following which he exhibited a slight motor improvement, with the right hemiparesis (2/5). He died after 14 months due to global RCC tumor progression. Conclusion: The present case highlights that a patient without a prior known diagnosis of RCC may present with an intramedullary C1–C2 metastasis. In such cases, global staging is critical to determine whether primary lesion resection versus excision of metastases (e.g., in this case, the C1–C2 intramedullary tumor) are warranted.

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Cendikiawan, Hans, and Sri Andreani Utomo. "FRACTIONAL ANISOTROPY AND MEAN DIFFUSIVITY VALUE IN 2ND GRADE OF DEGENERATIVE CERVICAL CANAL STENOSIS." Journal Of Vocational Health Studies 2, no. 3 (May 6, 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jvhs.v2.i3.2019.95-100.

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Background: By using T2 weighted image (T2WI) of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), a radiologist can classify degenerative cervical canal stenosis (DCCS) into three grade, but there is no correlation between stenosis classification with clinical symptoms. It means that radiologist need a new parameter to make an early detection for spinal cord injury (SCI). Objective: Proving decrease of FA and increase of MD at the most proximal level of 2nd grade DCCS patient compared with C1-2. Methods: Cervical MR examination with 15-direction DTI sequens was performed on twenty one patient with neurological signs and symptoms of 2nd grade DCCS. Apparent FA and MD maps were generated on axial plane. The FA and MD measurements in each individual were made at the most proximal level of 2nd grade DCCS and C1-2. Wilcoxon rank sump test was used to compare FA and paired t-test was used for MD. Result : There are significant differences for FA (p = 0,00) and MD (p = 0,00) at the most proximal level of 2nd grade DCCS compared with C1-2. Conclusion: This research shows that FA and MD value at DTI sequens can be used for SCI early detection at 2nd grade DCCS patient

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Fares, Fuad, Basem Fares, Stig Larsen, and Steen Lindkair-Jensen. "Benzene-poly-carboxylic acids complex with Cis-diammineplatinum (II) dichloride (BP-C1), a novel anticancer agent, induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells through caspase activation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e12029-e12029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e12029.

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e12029 Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women in western countries and despite progress in the treatment options surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy it is still the leading cause of cancer death. BP-C1 is a novel anti-cancer complex of benzol-polycarbonic acids with ammonium-platinum salt developed by Meabco ltd, Denmark. Methods: In the present study, the effect of BP-C1 on growth of human breast cancer cells, MCF7 and T47D, was studied. Cells were exposed to different doses of BP-C1, 100-1000 µg/ml, and cell viability, toxicity (LDH release), cell cycle, apoptosis, caspase activation and gene expression were examined. Results: No toxicity was observed. Exposure of the cells to BP-C1 for 48h, significantly (P<0.001) reduced cell viability by approxematly 90% with IC50 of 400 µg/ml. In cell cycle studies cells were accumulated in sub-G1 phase, which may indicate induction of apoptosis. Annexin 5 assay demonstrated that BP-C1 induces apoptosis of MCF-7 and T47D cell by 65% and 34%, respectively, after 48h of treatment. Detection of caspases by western blot analysis revealed that BP-C1 activates caspase 8 and caspase 9. Moreover, gene expression experiments following BP-C1 treatment and using the Applied Biosystems TaqMan Array Plates indicated that BP-C1 caused an increase in the the expression of pro-apoptotic genes; CASP8AP2, TNFRSF21, RELB, NFKB2, BIRC8 and FADD when compared to the expression level of the House keeping genes, HPRT1 and GAPDH. On the other hand, lower levels of mRNA transcripts of the inhibitory apoptotic genes; BCL2L2 and XIAP were detected. Conclusions: These results may indicate that BP-C1 reduced cell viability of human cancer cells by a unigue induction of apoptosis through activation of the extrinsic (death receptors) and the intrinsic (mitochondrion) apoptotic pathways. These findings may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for treatment of cancer using BP-C1 or analogs.

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Journal articles on the topic 'C1 level'

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