Relevant bibliographies by topics / C3F8 gas

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'C3F8 gas'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 25 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "C3F8 gas"

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Wu, Yuewei, Jian Wu, Xiaolong Wei, et al. "Theoretical Investigation of C4F7N–CO2 Mixture Decomposition Characteristics Under Extreme Conditions." Energies 18, no. 3 (2025): 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030591.

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Due to their low greenhouse effect and exceptional insulating properties, C4F7N-CO2 gas mixtures have garnered significant attention. In particular, understanding the decomposition characteristics of C4F7N-CO2 is crucial for their practical use as an eco-friendly dielectric medium. At elevated temperatures, the pyrolysis of C4F7N produces high concentrations of CFN, CF3, and C2F2, along with lower levels of C3F5, C4F6N, C2F, and CN. A further increase in temperature may lead to the decomposition of CO2 into CO and additional components such as C2, C2F3, C3F4, C4F7 and C3F6, CF, CO, C3F7, C3F2, C3F, C3F3, C3F3N, C3, CF2, and CF2N. Under electrical discharge conditions, the decomposition of CO2 becomes more pronounced, forming products like CO, C2O, O2, C2O2, and C2O4, with up to 25 decomposition components observed. These include products originated from both C4F7N and CO2 and their combinations. In ultra-high electric field intensities, only small molecules such as O2, C2, C3, and N2 are detected among the decomposition products. This study aims to provide theoretical insights and valuable data to advance research into the decomposition behavior and practical engineering applications of C4F7N-CO2 gas mixtures under extreme conditions.
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Yozgat, Zübeyir. "Outcomes of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy using silicone oil versus C3F8 gas tamponades in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment." Kastamonu Medical Journal 5, no. 1 (2025): 70–75. https://doi.org/10.51271/kmj-0187.

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Aims: To compare the visual and anatomical outcomes, intraocular pressure (IOP) changes, and complications of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) using silicone oil (SO) versus perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas tamponade in the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 43 eyes of 43 patients treated with 25-gauge PPV for RRD. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (SO, n=25) and Group 2 (C3F8 gas, n=18). Visual acuity, IOP, and postoperative complications were evaluated over a 52-week follow-up period. Statistical comparisons were conducted using the SPSS software, and a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at the 52nd week. Mean BCVA improved from 2.23 ± 0.89 logMAR to 0.30 ± 0.21 logMAR in the SO group and from 2.07 ± 0.87 logMAR to 0.19 ± 0.05 logMAR in the C3F8 group. Recurrent retinal detachment was observed in 8% of SO cases and 16.7% of C3F8 cases, with successful reattachment achieved in all reoperations. IOP increased mildly in the SO group but decreased significantly in the C3F8 group. Anti-glaucomatous therapy was initiated in 16% of patients in the SO group and 16.7% in the C3F8 group. Conclusion: Both SO and C3F8 gas tamponades are effective in achieving visual and anatomical success following 25-gauge PPV for RRD. C3F8 gas demonstrated better IOP stabilization, whereas SO was effective for more complex cases. These findings support the tailored use of tamponades based on individual patient and disease characteristics.
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Tian, Shuangshuang, Xiaoping Jin, Xiaoxing Zhang, Xiaohan Li, Zian Yuan, and Li Chen. "Study on thermal decomposition characteristics of C6F12O/O2/CO2 gas mixtures." AIP Advances 12, no. 11 (2022): 115003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0123968.

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Due to its excellent insulation properties and environmental characteristics, C6F12O gas mixture shows a wide range of applications prospects in low and medium voltage gas insulated equipment. The thermal decomposition characteristics of gas insulating medium are of great importance for the industrial application of gases and the operation and maintenance of equipment. In this paper, the type and concentration of the main products of the thermal decomposition of C6F12O/O2/CO2 gas mixture are researched experimentally with different O2 mixing ratios, and the effective gas production rate is analyzed. The mechanism of thermal decomposition of C6F12O/O2/CO2 gas mixture is studied based on ReaxFF molecular dynamics. The experimental results show that the main thermal decomposition products are CF4, C2F6, C3F6, C3F8, C4F10, C5F12, and C6F14. The addition of O2 promotes the thermal decomposition of the C6F12O/O2/CO2 gas mixture. Theoretical studies show that the C6F12O in the mixture undergoes the multistage decomposition reaction. The main particles of all levels of decomposition are C3F7COCF2, CF3, CF3CFC(O) (CF2), CF2CO, C3F7, C3F7C(O) (CF2), CFC(O) (CF2), FCCO, F, CF3CFCF2, CO, and CF2. The results of the research can provide some reference for the engineering application and maintenance of C6F12O gas mixture insulated equipment.
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Hallewell, Gregory, John Dingley, Martin Doubek, et al. "Applications and Perspectives of Ultrasonic Multi-Gas Analysis with Simultaneous Flowmetry." Instruments 5, no. 1 (2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments5010006.

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We have developed ultrasonic instrumentation for simultaneous flow and composition measurement in a variety of gas mixtures. Flow and composition are respectively derived from measurements of the difference and average of sound transit times in opposite directions in a flowing process gas. We have developed a sound velocity-based algorithm to compensate for the effects of additional gases, allowing the concentrations of a pair of gases of primary interest to be acoustically measured on top of a varying baseline from ‘third party’ gases whose concentrations in the multi-gas mixture are measured by other means. Several instruments are used in the CERN ATLAS experiment. Three monitor C3F8, (R218), and CO2 coolant leaks into N2-purged environmental envelopes. Precision in molar concentration of better than 2 × 10−5 is routinely seen in mixtures of C3F8 in N2 in the presence of varying known concentrations of CO2. Further instruments monitor air ingress and C3F8 vapor flow (at high mass flows around 1.1 kg s−1) in the 60 kW thermosiphon C3F8 evaporative cooling recirculator. This instrumentation and analysis technique, targeting binary pairs of gases of interest in multi-gas mixtures, is promising for mixtures of anesthetic gases, particularly in the developing area of xenon anesthesia.
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Zhang, Yanyan, Yan Gong, and Quanyong Yi. "Beaded Bubbles in the Eye After Vitrectomy and Gas Fill." JAMA Ophthalmology 143, no. 2 (2025): e245707. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.5707.

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Bor’i, Ashraf, Mahmoud A. Al-Aswad, Ahmed Abdelwahab Saad, Dina Hamada, and Ashraf Mahrous. "Pars Plana Vitrectomy with Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling in Traumatic Macular Hole: 14% Perfluoropropane (C3F8) versus Silicone Oil Tamponade." Journal of Ophthalmology 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3917696.

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Purpose. To evaluate the outcome of 23 G PPV and ILM peeling with 14% C3F8 compared with silicone oil tamponade in cases of TMHs without spontaneous closure. Methods. A retrospective comparative study included 33 eyes with TMHs; 7 eyes healed spontaneously, and the remaining 26 eyes have been treated with PPV and ILM peeling. Silicone oil was used as a tamponade for children or adults who refused to adopt face-down position (10 cases). In all other cases (16 cases), 14% C3F8 was used. These cases were followed up for 6 months postoperatively. Results. 26 cases (22 males and 4 females) were reviewed, including 10 cases treated with silicone oil and 16 cases treated with 14% C3F8. Patients’ age ranged from 9 to 54 years. The success rate was 90% in the silicone-filled (9/10) and 94% in the gas-filled (15/16) eyes. At 6 months, the mean BCVA was 0.3 ± 0.25 in the silicone group and 0.2 ± 0.13 in the gas group (p<0.05). Conclusions. Cases of TMHs should be observed for spontaneous closure. PPV with ILM peeling should be conducted for nonclosing cases. Gas and silicone oil tamponades are equally successful in anatomical and visual outcomes. This trial is registered with CTRI/2017/06/008765.
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Bezzubov, V., S. Denisov, S. Erin, et al. "A gas ionization electromagnetic calorimeter filled with C3F8." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 494, no. 1-3 (2002): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(02)01494-8.

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Kapur, Neha, Charul Jain, Umang Mathur, and Virender Singh Sangwan. "Relaxing descemetotomy with compression sutures for management of acute hydrops in post-LASIK ectasia." BMJ Case Reports 18, no. 6 (2025): e263473. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2024-263473.

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A woman in her 40s having post-laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) ectasia in both eyes developed acute hydrops in her right eye 19 years after LASIK. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) did not reveal any Descemet’s membrane break, which is usually present in acute hydrops. Corneal oedema was not resolved with conservative management, so descemetopexy with perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas was performed. Despite the descemetopexy with C3F8 gas, worsening of the corneal oedema was noted. In view of the non-resolving acute hydrops even after conventional treatment, a relaxing descemetotomy and full-thickness venting incision with descemetopexy and compression sutures were planned. The complete resolution of corneal oedema with a good visual outcome was achieved using this novel technique.
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Panessa-Warren, Barbara J., James Maisel, and John B. Warren. "Alteration in vitreal structure following C3F8 injection." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 856–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100156262.

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Although the use of intraocular perfluorocarbon gases has been demonstrated to be a clinically useful procedure for retinal compression and diagnostic procedures, the effect of the gas expansion to 90% ocular volume causes the displacement of the vitreous. This investigation examines the morphological changes in the vitreous of 36 rabbit eyes following C3F8 intravitreal gas injection, by light (LM), transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. Lincoff et al have demonstrated that C3F8gas exhibits a fourfold expansion of its volume at 3-4 days after injection into the vitreous. Following expansion the gases disappear logarithmically with the volume of the bubble following first order decay kinetics. For the rabbit, the C3F8 half-life is six days, with the total reabsorption of the gas in 40 days. To determine whether initial structural changes following gas injection eventually resolved, eyes were studied at 3, 6, 8, 16, 41 and 64 days post injection.Four pigmented and 14 albino mature (3-4 Kg) rabbits were anesthetized and given topical proparacaine anesthetic prior to injection into the inferior vitreous cavity with 0.1, 0.3 or 0.4 cc filtered C3F8. An indirect ophthalmoscope was used to direct the 30 gauge needle to a position 2-3 mm posterior to the limbus. In each case, the contralateral eye was used as the normal control. Animals were euthanized with intravenous T61 solution and the eyes immediately enucleated and frozen in liquid nitrogen. While still submerged in liquid nitrogen the tissue was placed in a deep freeze and allowed to equilibrate to −80°C for 24 hrs. Eyes were cryosectioned at −20°C and the sections placed on prechilled glass slides, cover slips, sapphire wafers or pyrolytic graphite planchets. For LM histochemistry, the frozen sections were placed in 95% ethanol 10 min and stained using a Papanicolaou method. To identify collagen, Van Gieson's picric acid fuchsin and 2.5% aniline blue were used. Proteoglycans were stained with pH 1 or pH 1.5 alcian blue or 0.5% ruthenium red. Some cryosections were freeze dried or fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde, dehydrated and dried by the critical point method (CO2) for SEM examination of an AMRay 1000A equipped with a lanthanum hexaboride gun at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY. Tissue for routine TEM was fixed immediately following enucleation in 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4), post fixed in 1% aqueous OsO4, dehydrated in acetone and embedded in Epon 812. To identify and retain proteoglycans, some eyes were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate containing 0.01% ruthenium red. Both unstained and stained (Ur-acetate and Pb-citrate) plastic thin sections were examined at 80 kV on a Philips 300.
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Elwehidy, Ahmed S., Hossam Youssef Abouelkheir, Waleed Abou Samra, Faried M. Wagdy, and Amr Mohammed Elsayed Abdelkader. "Trabeculectomy with Ologen implant versus perfluoropropane gas bubble for open angle glaucoma in pseudophakic eyes." International Journal of Ophthalmology 14, no. 4 (2021): 510–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2021.04.05.

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AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of augmented trabeculotomy with Ologen versus perfluoropropane in management of pseudophakic glaucoma. METHODS: This is a comparative randomized study included 57 pseudophakic eyes of 57 patients with medically uncontrolled open angle glaucoma (OAG). Twenty-nine patients were allocated in group I (trabeculectomy with Ologen; trab-ologen group), while 28 patients were assigned in group II (trabeculectomy with perfluoropropane gas bubble; trab-C3F8 gas bubble group). RESULTS: The intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly reduced in both study groups at all postoperative follow up intervals (1wk, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36mo, P<0.001). The differences between the mean IOP values of both groups remained statistically insignificance during the early 12 months of follow up. However, the trab-ologen group achieved a statistically significant reduction over the trab-C3F8 gas bubble group during the last 24 months of follow up. CONCLUSION: Augmentation of trabeculectomy with either Ologen implant or perfluoropropane gas bubble are associated with strict long term IOP control and evident safety in medically-uncontrolled pseudophakic eyes with OAG.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "C3F8 gas"

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Carr, Kathryn E. "Evaluation of modified dry limestone process for flue gas desulfurization." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43382.

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Chen, Yu-Ju, and 陳育如. "Separation of Hydrogen from H2/CH4/C3H8 Gas Mixtures by Using Polysulfone Hollow-Fiber Member." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25vx98.

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碩士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>化學工程與材料工程系碩士在職專班<br>102<br>When the gas on either side of a membrane has pressure difference, it is driven by dissolving, permeating, diffusing, and desorbing steps to move from the higher pressure side across the membrane to the lower pressure side. Higher pressure difference across the membrane leads to stronger driving force to diffuse the gas across the membrane. Additionally, the gas diffusivity depends on the gas molecular diameter; smaller gas molecules have higher diffusivity. Hydrogen gas has smaller molecular diameter than methane gas, and it has higher diffusivity than the latter. When a hollow fiber member is used to recover hydrogen gas from a mixture of H2/CH4 (50:50), the hydrogen is effectively separated from the mixture; its concentration is raised from 50 mol% to 92% with pressure controlled at 5 kg/cm2 pressure, and to 96 mole% without pressure control. If the mixture contains H2/CH4/C3H8 (40:30:30) is treated using the same membrane, the hydrogen concentration is raised to 91.5 mole% with the pressure controlled at 3.5 kg/cm2, and to 95.4% without pressure control. Changing the membrane set arrangement to parallel mode, the hydrogen concentration can be raised further to 97.1%. Under conditions of similar input gas pressure and flow rate, the magnitude of degree for various parameters to influence the gas permeate rate across the member is parallel operating mode>free permeate>pressure control. Using the input gas pressure of 3 kg/cm2 as an example, the magnitude of gas permeate flow rate is 12.1 ml/min (parallel operating mode) > 7.0 ml/min (free permeation) > 3.5 ml/min( (pressure control). On the other hand, if the membrane module is operated in series mode instead of parallel mode with the input gas pressure and flow rate maintained at 3-11 kg/cm2 and 133-136 ml/min, respectively, laboratory results show that the series operation mode will concentrate the hydrogen concentration from 65.5 mole% to 82.2 mol% whereas the parallel operation mode will raise the hydrogen concentration from 60.1% to 73.1%. Therefore, the operation of hollow fiber polysulfone membrane at low pressure will be efficient to separate and concentrate hydrogen gas, and the recovered hydrogen gas can be used as either fuel or raw material for products with higher value. This type of membrane system is low in initial cost, easy to operate, consumes insignificant quantity of energy but produces hydrogen with high purity. Keywords: Hollow fiber polysulfone membrane, Dissolving, Diffusion,Series operating mode, Parallel operating mode, Hydrogen gas
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Book chapters on the topic "C3F8 gas"

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Brinton, Daniel A., and Charles P. Wilkinson. "Pneumatic Retinopexy." In Retinal Detachment. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195330823.003.0013.

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Pneumatic retinopexy (PR) is an office-based, sutureless, no-incision alternative to scleral buckling or vitrectomy for the surgical repair of selected retinal detachments. Cryotherapy is applied around the retinal break(s) to form a permanent seal. A gas bubble is injected into the vitreous cavity, and the patient is positioned so that the bubble closes the retinal break(s), allowing resorption of the subretinal fluid (Figure 8–1A–F). As an alternative to cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation can be applied after the intraocular gas has caused the retina to reattach. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is the gas most frequently used with pneumatic retinopexy. Perfluorocarbon gases such as perfluoropropane (C3F8) are sometimes used, and success has also been reported with sterile room air. In selecting a gas, it is important to understand the longevity and expansion characteristics of the gases. SF6 doubles in volume within the eye, reaching its maximum size at about 36 hours. It will generally disappear within about 10–14 days, depending on the amount injected. Perfluoropropane nearly quadruples in volume, reaching maximum size in about three days. The bubble will last 30–45 days in the eye. Room air does not expand, but immediately starts to reabsorb. The air bubble will be gone within just a few days (Table 8–1). The initial expansion of SF6 and C3F8 is due to the law of partial pressures and the solubility coefficients of the gases involved. A 100% SF6 bubble injected into the eye contains no nitrogen or oxygen, but these gases are dissolved in the fluid around the bubble. Due to the law of partial pressures, nitrogen and oxygen will diffuse into the gas bubble. SF6 also starts to diffuse out of the gas bubble into the surrounding fluid which contains no SF6. However, nitrogen and oxygen diffuse across the gas–fluid interface much more quickly than SF6 because of the relative insolubility of SF6. The net result is an initial influx of gas molecules into the bubble, expanding its size until partial pressures equilibrate, net influx equals net egress, and maximum expansion is reached. Then the bubble gradually reabsorbs as the SF6 is slowly dissolved in the surrounding fluid.
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Trinidad Guillen Bonilla, José, Héctor Guillen Bonilla, Maricela Jiménez Rodríguez, et al. "Toxic Gas Detectors Based on a MnSb2O6 Oxide Chemical Sensor." In Gas Sensors [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107398.

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We synthesized the semiconductor oxide MnSb2O6 through a wet chemical process assisted by low-power microwave radiation. A gas-sensitive sensor was elaborated from the MnSb2O6 powders obtained by calcination at 600°C. The sensor was electrically characterized in static CO and C3H8 atmospheres by measuring direct current signals at 100, 200, and 300°C. The toxic gases’ concentrations were 1, 5, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm of C3H8; and 1, 5, 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm of CO. From the MnSb2O6’s electrical resistance results, a sensor’s operational point and a low-cost analog circuit were proposed, obtaining two new prototypes: one for detecting C3H8 and a second one for detecting CO. We selected the response at 200°C and 5 ppm for both cases. Notably, this concentration (5 ppm) is selectable with a calibration resistance, generating an alarm signal of ≈11.3V at a supply voltage of 120 V AC. The toxic gas detectors showed excellent functionality. The resistive sensor showed high sensitivity and good electrical response, while the analog circuit presented a rapid response. Due to the operating temperature employed (200°C), these devices could find practical applications, for example, exothermic generators and heaters.
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Yang, John, Milind M. Vaidya, Sebastien A. Duval, and Feras Hamad. "Polymer-Based Membranes for C3+ Hydrocarbon Removal from Natural Gas." In Natural Gas - New Perspectives and Future Developments [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103903.

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Natural gas can contain significant amounts of impurifies, including CO2, H2S, N2, He, and C3+ hydrocarbons. These C3+ hydrocarbons are valuable chemical feedstocks and can be used as a liquid fuel for power generation. Membrane-based separation technologies have recently emerged as an economically favorable alternative due to reduced capital and operating cost. Polymeric membranes for the separation and removal of C3+ hydrocarbons from natural gas have been practiced in chemical and petrochemical industries. Therefore, these industries can benefit from membranes with improved C3+ hydrocarbon separation. This chapter overviews the different gas processing technologies for C3+ hydrocarbon separation and recovery from natural gas, highlighting the advantages, research and industrial needs, and challenges in developing highly efficient polymer-based membranes. More specifically, this chapter summarizes the removal of C3H8 and C4H10 from CH4 by prospective polymer architectures based on reverse-selective glassy polymers, rubbery polymers, and its hybrid mixed matrix membranes. In addition, the effect of testing conditions and gas compositions on the membrane permeation properties (permeability and selectivity) is reviewed.
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Sasikala, A., and T. Muthamizhan. "Smart Home LPG Application Using GSM Network and Controlling Black-Marketing by RFID Technology." In Intelligent Systems and Computer Technology. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/apc200136.

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The life style of an Indian family if evolving, particularly in the urban environment. Everyone in the family is perpetually busy, from the head of the family to possibly the youngest member of the family. As a result, essential works related to kitchen gas in the home gets neglected. Individuals for the most part know that gas can be death-defying. In any case, furthermost individuals still go out on a limb that can prompt damage. The greater part of these cases appears to be accustomed, so suggestions to utilize gas securely are continually required. This project aims at presenting a gas leakage detection kit to systematically detect the gas leakage and stop the gas leakage in sensitive locations by closing the gas cylinder valve automatically to ensure of further no leakage. Here specific gas sensor has been utilized which has high reactiveness for propane (C3H8) and butane(C4H10). Gas spillage system comprises of GSM (Global System for Mobile correspondences) module, which cautions the client by sending SMS. Additionally, an automated kitchen gas booking is also done in this project when the LPG goes empty. An innovative Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based solution is used to avoid the usage of domestic cylinders in commercial sectors by automatic valve closing of cylinders and thus cutting off the gas supply.
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Otsuka, Kiyoshi, Yuji Uragami, Takayuki Komatsu, and Masaharu Hatano. "The Partial Oxidation of Light Alkanes (CH4, C2H6, C3H8) over B-P Mixed Oxides." In Natural Gas Conversion. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)60058-0.

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Pan, Ying, Antara Bhowmick, Lu Liu, Chen Zhang, and Dongxia Liu. "Non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation in membrane reactors." In Catalysis. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781837672035-00135.

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Propylene (C3H6) is a building block for important petrochemicals production such as polypropylene and acrylonitrile. Propylene is traditionally produced as a co-product in steam crackers (SC) and as a by-product in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units. A growing gap between the supply and demand for C3H6 is expected in the foreseeable future. On-purpose C3H6 production, such as non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation (PDH), is considered as a suitable technology to bridge the gap between conventional processes (SC and FCC) and the demand for C3H6. However, the PDH process faces challenges due to its endothermic nature. Membrane reactors, consisting of PDH catalysts and H2-permeable membranes, have the potential to improve C3H6 yield. The key feature of the implemented PDH membrane reactor is that the catalyst activates C3H8 to form C3H6, while the membrane continuously removes H2 to influence C3H8 equilibrium conversion. This chapter provides a summary of past research and ongoing developments in PDH reactions in membrane reactors. The content covers the membrane material, catalyst, reactor configuration, and performance for PDH in membrane reactors. Furthermore, the challenges and strategies to mitigate reactor performance decline during PDH are presented, along with future research and development directions to advance this technology for on-purpose C3H6 production.
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Conference papers on the topic "C3F8 gas"

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Gambelli, Alberto Maria, Jessica Mario, and Giovanni Gigliotti. "PRODUCTION OF sI AND sII HYDRATES WITH BINARY MIXTURES CONTAINING CH4 AND LOWER CONCENTRATIONS OF C2H6/C3H8: POSSIBLE CONSEQENCES ON REPLACEMENT IN MARINE NATURAL DEPOSITS." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/3.2/s06.48.

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The most attractive option to recover methane trapped within natural gas hydrate reservoirs, consists of the so-called �replacement process�, mainly based on the contemporary injection of carbon dioxide during the mining process. If appropriately carried out, this process allows to improve the amount of methane recovered, preserve the crystalline hydrate cages and permanently store enough carbon dioxide to make this source definitively carbon neutral. For that reason, this process is widely studied worldwide. However, most of lab-scale experiments do not consider the presence of further small-chain hydrocarbons within the natural gas mixtures. These species may be crucial in determining key properties of the system, as type of crystalline structure, overall stability, phase boundary equilibrium conditions and others. Therefore, experimentally defining how methane behaves, in terms of hydrates formation, when mixed with ethane and/or propane, is crucial to correctly calculate the CO2/CH4 replacement efficiency.
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Gambelli, Alberto Maria, Jessica Mario, and Enrico Gigliotti. "PHASE BOUNDARY EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS FOR CH4, C2H6 AND C3H8 IN MARINE QUARTZ-BASED POROUS SAND: THERMODYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF THE SYSTEM AND DEVIATION FROM THE IDEAL TREND." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/3.2/s06.47.

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Natural gas hydrate reservoirs often consist of a mixture of various gaseous species: small-chain hydrocarbons, as methane, ethane, propane and butane, and other species, as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen sulfide and others. Every species shows different forming conditions. Moreover, those conditions may change as a function of the mixture composition and the properties of the surrounding environment. The present study deals the production of hydrates with small-chain hydrocarbons, within a silica-based porous marine sediment. Hydrates were formed and melted, the experimental phase boundary equilibrium conditions were then compared with the ideal ones, obtained from literature. Such a comparison allowed to characterize how the sediment acted during the process. In presence of methane and ethane, It was found capable to promote the process, while It acted as inhibitor for propane hydrates. The difference observed between the various species, were finally explained in terms of typology of hydrate structure formed and molecular diameter of the guest species.
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Zhu, Feng, Wei Cheng, Chen Hang, Xiaoxiao Xu, Zhengjie Xu, and Wuxing Ding. "Study on Adsorption Characteristics of C3F8 in Retired Sulfur Hexafluoride Gas." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Design and Environmental Engineering, IDEE 2023, November 24–26, 2023, Zhengzhou, China. EAI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.24-11-2023.2343426.

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Zhong, Ruishuang, Yong Qian, Yiming Zang, et al. "Insulation Characteristics of C3F8 Ternary Gas Mixtures from Electron Transport Parameters and Microscopic Properties." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichve49031.2020.9279906.

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Cheng, Jui-Hsiang. "Development of Greenhouse Gases Measurement Standards to Achieve High Metrological Qualities for Evaluation of Pollutant Efficiency." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.010.

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The control of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission is one of the most critical environmental challenges facing all countries worldwide. CO2, the most representative greenhouse gas, is the primary GHG emitted through human activities, and the regulation of its emission has been an international issue. However, certain non-CO2 GHGs possess global warming potentials (GWPs) as high as tens to even ten thousands times that of CO2. For example, fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-GHGs), including CF4, C2F6, C3F8, C4F8, CHF3, CH2F2, SF6, NF3 and so on, have been widely used as etching process or chamber cleaning gases in semiconductor-related industries. Due to their high GWPs, F-GHGs are the most potent and longest lasting type of anthropogenic GHGs. Therefore, it has been an international goal to reduce the emissions of F-GHGs as well as other GHGs into the atmosphere. To evaluate the effectiveness of an F-GHG abatement system, measurement standards are needed for accurate and reliable quantification of the F-GHG emissions. CMS/ITRI is developing primary reference gas mixtures (PRMs) for high GWP GHGs, such as CF4, SF6 and NF3, to achieve the highest metrological qualities in gas concentration measurement. The production of gas mixtures follows ISO 6142: 2001, and the quality system is in compliance with ISO Guide 34: 2009. These PRMs can be used as primary standards to calibrate analyzers, and can act as the source of metrological traceability when performing instrument certification or validation. They can also be applied to check the accuracy of commercial infrared spectra installed in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers for quantification to evaluate the destruction or removal efficiency (DRE) of F-GHG abatement equipment in electronics manufacturing.
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Choi, Won Jae, Seung Taek Oh, Chang Hyo Son, et al. "Performance of Natural Gas Liquefaction Cycle using C3H8, N2O and N2." In Innovative Materials for Processes in Energy Systems 2010. Research Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7614-2_impres037.

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Hoshino, A., S. Kajita, Y. Hagiwara, K. Fujimoto, and J. Kitajima. "Preliminary Tests of Catalytic Combustion in a Small Gas Turbine." In ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/87-gt-100.

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A catalytic combustor and its control system have been developed and tested on a 150 kW small gas turbine engine. The fuel for the tests was gaseous fuel which consists of 92% CH4 and 8% C3H8. The emission characteristics in the catalytic operating mode and the control procedure during transient operation were investigated in the tests. Results indicated extremely low NOx emissions. However, it was also apparent that further development tests are required to improve combusion efficiency, durability of catalysts, and control stability during transient operation.
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Karthik, T. V. K., A. Maldonado, and M. de la L. Olvera. "Manufacturing of tin oxide pellets and their application for CO and C3H8 gas sensors." In 2013 10th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2013.6676078.

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Yu, Sang-Phil, Seung-Jae Lee, and Kwang-Sup Song. "Micro Heat Exchanger for Gas Phase Reaction." In ASME 3rd International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2005-75213.

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Each microstructured stainless steel foil was brazed in vacuum for stacking. Inner surface of micro channels was coated with Al2O3 layer to support Pt catalyst by sol-gel method. The stack was designed like a cross-flow type heat exchanger to perform the combination of exothermic and endothermic reactions simultaneously. It is expected to apply to the micro reformer which produces hydrogen for micro PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell). As the first step in our study, we measured experimentally the heat transfer rate and the spatial temperature distribution of the stack. An then, the reaction of C3H8-air with heat transfer to cold air flow was performed in the stack. As a consequence, quantitative and qualitative thermal characteristics of the stack for reaction were investigated.
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Gibson, C. M., A. C. Polk, N. T. Shoemaker, K. K. Srinivasan, and S. R. Krishnan. "Comparison of Propane and Methane Performance and Emissions in a Turbocharged Direct Injection Dual Fuel Engine." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35128.

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With increasingly restrictive NOx and PM emissions standards, the recent discovery of new natural gas reserves, and the possibility of producing propane efficiently from biomass sources, dual fueling strategies have become more attractive. This paper presents experimental results from dual-fueling a four-cylinder turbocharged DI diesel engine with propane or methane (a natural gas surrogate) as the primary fuel and diesel as the ignition source. Experiments were performed with the stock ECU at a constant speed of 1800 rev/min, and a wide range of BMEPs (2.7 to 11.6 bar) and percent energy substitutions (PES) of C3H8 and CH4. Brake thermal efficiencies (BTE) and emissions (NOx, smoke, THC, CO, and CO2) were measured. Maximum PES levels of about 80–95 percent with CH4 and 40–92 percent with C3H8 were achieved. Maximum PES was limited by poor combustion efficiencies and engine misfire at low loads for both C3H8 and CH4, and the onset of knock above 9 bar BMEP for C3H8. While dual fueling BTEs were lower than straight diesel BTEs at low loads, they approached diesel BTE values at high loads. With dual fueling, NOx and smoke reductions (from diesel values) were as high as 66–68 percent and 97 percent, respectively, but CO and THC emissions were significantly higher with increasing PES at all engine loads.
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