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Journal articles on the topic 'Cabbage – Diseases and pests'
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1
Mikhina, N. G., and Yu V. Bukhonova. "Monitoring of cabbage pests and diseases." Защита и карантин растений, no. 12 (2022): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47528/1026-8634_2022_12_14.
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Bottenberg, Harry, John Masiunas, Catherine Eastman, and Darin Eastburn. "Weed Management Effects on Insects and Diseases of Cabbage and Snapbean." HortTechnology 7, no. 4 (October 1997): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.7.4.400.
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Field studies were conducted to determine insect and plant pathogen management effects on weed competitiveness and crop yield and to evaluate weed management impacts on insect pests, diseases, and crop yield. At similar densities, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) reduced snapbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var capitata) yield more than that of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), a low growing weed. In 1995, diamondback moth [Plutella xylostella (L.)] was greater on cabbage growing in plots with purslane than in plots of cabbage growing without weeds. Imported cabbageworm [Pieris rapae (L.)] was greater on cabbage growing in plots with either purslane or pigweed than when growing alone. However, the amount of feeding damage to cabbage was similar across treatments. Disease incidence was low, but fungicide treatments made redroot pigweed more competitive with snapbean, reducing yield in 1995.
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Taufik, Muhammad, Boby Cahyadi, Enita Dewi br Tarigan, and Mariany Razali. "Biopesticide for overcoming caterpillar pests on cabbage plant (Brassica oleracea L)." Journal of Saintech Transfer 3, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jst.v3i1.3946.
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Bukit Rumah Sendi Farmer Group is one of the farmer groups in Ujung Sampun Village, which consists of 22 family heads. Ujung Sampun Village is one of the villages in Dolat Rayat subdistrict, Karo District in Provinsi Sumatera Utara. This partner distance is about 70 km from Universitas Sumatera Utara. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L) is a commodity planted by this farmer group. Plutella xylostella caterpillars available in cabbage are very much needed from the harvest so they need to be eradicated. Garlic is a crop interrupted by farmers is one of the local commodities besides cabbage. Garlic (Allium sativum) which releases biopesticides can kill caterpillars on cabbage. This activity is to provide innovations about the appropriate technology of biopesticides from raw materials of garlic to eradicate caterpillars as pests of partner cabbage plant diseases. The activities that have been carried out are preparation of garlic as a raw material for biopestides, applying biopesticides to selected community cabbage land every day at 9 am for 30 days. The results show that biopesticides are very effective in killing caterpillar pests with a mortality rate of 95%.
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Iswan, Mochammad, Mhd Gilang Suryanata, Deski Helsa Pane, Khairi Ibnutama, and Rian Farta Wijaya. "Application of Artificial Intelligence In The Detection Of Plant Diseases (Clubroot)." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI DAN OPEN SOURCE 5, no. 1 (June 25, 2022): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36378/jtos.v5i1.2372.
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Indonesia is a tropical country with diverse flora and fauna stretching from west to east. One of the cabbage plants grown in Indonesia has many benefits for human health. Cabbage plants are susceptible to diseases such as pests and pathogens. One of them is clubroot disease, which causes the plant not to grow and develop. Based on the above problems, it is necessary to have a system to support farmers in the scientific field of expert systems that uses the Certainty Factor method to diagnose the nature of clubroot disease. It is hoped that this system can provide information more quickly on whether or not cabbage plants have clubroot disease. The results of this study represent an integrated system capable of solving problems in cabbage plants, especially in the diagnosis of clubroot disease. It is hoped that the applied system can be further developed together with technological developments
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Walczak, Felicyta, Maria Golinowska, Anna Tratwal, and Andrzej Bandyk. "Effectiveness of Rape Protection Against Pests in the Years 2006-2009 in Poland." Journal of Plant Protection Research 52, no. 3 (July 1, 2012): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-012-0053-0.
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Effectiveness of Rape Protection Against Pests in the Years 2006-2009 in Poland Long-term research on the intensification of economically significant pests in rape cultivation has been conducted by the Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute (PPI - NRI) Poznań, Poland. This research has allowed for a determination of the economic effectiveness of chemical plant protection against pests. The research was conducted during the 2006-2009 time period. Results showed that the economic effectiveness expressed in approximate profitability indexes E1 and E2 in rape cultivation in Poland was diversified. The values were influenced by the selling prices of rape, intensification of pest occurrence, and yield. To prevent losses in yields, chemical crop protection has been implemented. In 2006, rape underwent an average of two treatments against pests: one against diseases and one reducing weed infestation. The primary rape-attacking pests from 2006 to 2009 were: rape pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.), cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynous quadridenz Penz), cabbage seed weevil (Ceutrohynorus assimillis Payk.) and pod gall midge (Dasyneura brassicae Winn.).
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Fatimah, Fety, Hidayatun Nurul Khasanah, Rif'atin Khoirunnisa, Farhah Qurrotu 'Aini, and Nur Rokhimah Hanik. "Identification of Diseases and Pests of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) in the Pedan Hamlet Plantation, Karanglo, Tawangmangu." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 22, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v22i1.3072.
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Cauliflower (Brassicca oleracia var.brotrytis L.) is a type of vegetable that belongs to the Brassicaceae family (a type of cabbage with small white flowers). The purpose of the research on cauliflower (Brasica oleracea var. Botrytis L.) was to identify pests and diseases that attack cauliflower (Brasica oleracea var. Botrytis L.). The method used in this study was to go directly to the field once in August 2021. Observations were made on agricultural land owned by farmers in Pedan Hamlet, Karanglo Village, Tawangmangu, Karanganyar. The results showed that from three different land samples, different pests and diseases were encountered. In the first land sample, several pests were found such as grasshoppers, capers, spiders, and cauliflower caterpillars (Plutella xylostella) while the diseases that attacked were some cauliflower affected by whip tail disease, but very many cauliflower plants were found that were attacked by black rot and soft. In the second land sample, the most common pests found were capers, third field mop spiders, and the pests encountered were grasshoppers, spiders, capers and caterpillars and cauliflower caterpillars. While the disease that attacks is whiptail disease. In conclusion, the average pests that attack cauliflower plants are capers, spiders, cauliflower caterpillars and grasshoppers. And the common diseases that attack cauliflower plants are black rot, soft rot and whip tail.
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Paudel, Sulav, Lalit P. Sah, Mukti Devkota, Vijaya Poudyal, P. V. Vara Prasad, and Manuel R. Reyes. "Conservation Agriculture and Integrated Pest Management Practices Improve Yield and Income while Reducing Labor, Pests, Diseases and Chemical Pesticide Use in Smallholder Vegetable Farms in Nepal." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 10, 2020): 6418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166418.
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Improving smallholder vegetable farms are critical for improving food security and livelihoods of people in low-income countries. Vegetable production is labor intensive and prone to pests and diseases. Conservation agriculture (CA) and integrated pest management (IPM) practices provide options to increase yields and minimize the use of chemical pesticides. We compared integration of CA and IPM practices (improved alternative system) with farmers’ traditional practice (conventional system) under replicated on-farm tests in four different locations (Lalitpur, Banke, Surkhet, and Dadeldhura) in Nepal. Data on yield, benefit–cost ratio (B:C), labor requirement, insect and disease infestation, and pesticide sprays on five major vegetable crops (tomato, cucumber, bitter gourd, cabbage, cauliflower) were measured. In tomatoes, cucumbers, and bitter gourds, the improved alternative system produced a significantly higher yield, greater benefit-cost ratio, reduced labor, decreased the infestation of pests and diseases, and required fewer pesticidal sprays. Average yield and net income were superior in cabbages and cauliflowers, but nonsignificant. Improved alternative system for all the vegetables were sprayed significantly fewer times than the conventional system. Overall, the improved alternative system for vegetable crops contributed not only to the improved income and livelihoods of people, but also can improve environment and human health due to the reduced use of pesticides. Further research on scaling these improved alternative practices through appropriate farmer organizations, and government and non-government actors can enhance the adoption of CA and IPM practices by smallholder vegetable producers.
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Apazhev, A. K., Y. A. Shekikhachev, L. M. Hazhmetov, E. N. Didanova, and Kh G. Kurzhiev. "Ensuring the environmental safety of food when using biological products in the protection of cabbage agrocenosis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 981, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 022054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/981/2/022054.
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Abstract The use of chemical means of protecting plants from diseases and pests to increase yields and improve the presentation of the product leads to negative consequences. The main one is the accumulation of chemical residues in products and the release of resistant forms of pathogens. The use of microbial antagonists that suppress the development of phytopathogenic fungi is considered as an alternative method of plant protection. Biological preparations for suppressing plant diseases are based on antagonist microorganisms, hyperparasites, and biota metabolites. An increase in the share of biological protection and a decrease in the share of the use of agrochemicals in the plant protection system contributes to the improvement of the socio-ecological situation. The search for technological methods for reducing the frequency of treatments is especially important for the cabbage culture. In this regard, this article evaluates the effectiveness of biological products in protecting cabbage agrocenosis and increasing productivity.
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Silva, Clayton dos Santos, Romário Guimarães Verçosa de Araújo, Jessé Rafael Bento de Lima, Luiggi Canário Cabral e. Sousa, Paula Cibelly Vilela da Silva, Tania Marta Carvalho dos Santos, Jakes Halan de Queiroz Costa, and João Manoel Da Silva. "Bacterial endophytes: An agroecological alternative in the growth promotion and plant health management of cabbage leaf (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): e33810212653. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12653.
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Among the most economically significant agricultural crops, the species of the Brassicaceae family stand out as one of the most popular in human food. Cabbage leaf (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) is an essential ingredient in many regional dishes and is an excellent nutritional source for children, young and old. However, Brazilian production has been suffering from the incidence of pests and diseases that affect the crop, being the black rot of the cruciferous (BRC), the main cause of economic losses of its producers. Given this context, the objective is to build a theoretical framework by reviewing the literature on the agroecological management of BRC in cabbage leaf, based on the contribution of scientific knowledge to the preservation of agrobiodiversity in rural and traditional family communities.
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Ebenebe, Adama A., Saidi R. Achari, Nitesh Chand, Annas A. Krishna, and Saula Baleisuva. "The cabbage webworm (Hellula undalis) on tickweed (Cleome viscosa) in Samoa." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 29, no. 1 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp11001.
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Cabbages (Brassica spp.) are important components of the diet of many South Pacific island people, but their production is often constrained by pests and diseases. Leaf-eating caterpillars, particularly Crocidolomia pavonana, Plutella xylostella and Hellula undalis, are the most important insect pest constraints in Samoa. In 2006, it was observed that H. undalis infests a wild plant, Cleome viscosa, in Samoa. Field surveys, laboratory and cage experiments were then conducted from 2007 to 2009 to investigate aspects of the ecology of H. undalis in Samoa. The study showed that H. undalis is present on C. viscosa throughout the year. Findings also suggest that parasitism of H. undalis in Samoa is either negligible or non-existent. Only Brassica rapa chinensis, Brassica oleracea capitata and C. viscosa were confirmed as hosts of H. undalis. Laboratory and cage experiments suggested that C. viscosa was more attractive for H. undalis larval feeding than the Brassica spp. However, overall indication from this study is that the main role of C. viscosa, under field conditions, is as source of recruitment of H. undalis onto cultivated hosts. We recommended that C. viscosa should be controlled in cabbage growing areas.
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Pandey, AK, Bijendra Kumar, and Chandra Dev. "Validation of IPM module against major insect-pests and diseases of cabbage in mid-hills of Uttarakhand." Journal of Hill Agriculture 7, no. 1 (2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2230-7338.2016.00018.5.
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Snizhok, O. V., and N. O. Yuvchyk. "Species composition of harmful organisms in rape winter depending on tillage and protection system." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 5, no. 1 (2021): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0171.
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Based on the results of research conducted in Western Polissia, it was found that tillage is important for controlling the number of pests in winter rape crops, especially the number of weeds. It was found in the experiment variants without herbicide spraying of rape plants that the most weeds were on the background of surface tillage – 407.9 pcs/m2, which is 1.8 times more than under the moldboard plowing (228.1 pcs./m2). Thus, the technical efficiency of herbicides against the background of moldboard plowing was 93.7 %. It is established that tillage has a lesser effect on the development and spread of diseases and pests, as the best results showed chemical protection. When spraying winter rape plants in the flower bud stage, the technical effectiveness of Borei insecticide (0.14 l/ha) against Pentatomids (Eurydema oleracea L., Eurydema ventralis Kol.), Mirids (Lygus pratensis L.) and Flea Beetles (Phyllotreta vitata F., Phyllotreta nemorum L.) consisted 100 %, Pollen Beetles (Meligethes aeneus F.) – 95.1–95.9 %, Cabbage Seed Weevils (Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis Payk.) – 92.5–94.6 %. The technical efficiency of Mospilan insectici-de (0.15 kg/ha) at the spraying of plants in the flowering stage against Pollen Beetles was equal to 91.7– 95.7 %, Cabbage Seed Weevils – 92.4– 94.6 %. According to the research results, it was found that the largest technical efficiency of Colossal Pro fungicide (0.5 l/ha) against Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria brassicae) was revealed 14 days after fungicide spraying of winter rape plants and was 84–88 %. Due to tillage, it was possible to obtain an yield increase of winter rapes in the range of 0.09–0.22 t/ha. However, due to the implementation of an integrated system of crop protection on different backgrounds of tillage, seed yield increased by 0.64–0.85 t/ha. Depending on tillage and plant protection, the winter rape yield ranged from 2.20 to 3.27 t/ha. Key words: tillage, species composition, weeds, diseases, pests, herbicides, fungicides, insec-ticides.
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Vuković, Slavica, Dragana Šunjka, Antonije Žunić, and Dragana Bošković. "Plant protection products in root vegetable." Biljni lekar 48, no. 6 (2020): 654–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2006654v.
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The production, value and quality of root vegetables are endangered by numerous phytopathogenic fungi and pests. Numerous causal agents cause economically significant diseases of root vegetables like carrot leaf blight and black rot of carrots (Alternaria dauci and Alternaria radicina), powdery mildew of carrot and sugar beet (Erysiphe heraclei and Erysiphe betae), Cercospora leaf spot of carrot (Cercospora carotae), black blight (Septoria apiicola), leaf bright parsley (Septo-ria petroselini), downy mildew (Peronospora farinosa f.sp. betae and P. farinosa f.sp. spinaciae), rust (Puccinia spp.) etc. Nine fungicides based on nine different active substances have been registered in the Republic of Serbia for the control of phytopathogenic fungi in root vegetable crops. The most important pests of root vegetables are wireworms (Elateridae), carrot flies (Psila rosae), celery flies (Acidia heraclei), onion flies (Delia antiqua), aphids (Aphididae), common spider mite (Tetranychus urticass), cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and others. The overall number of insecticides, registered in our country, for the control of root vegetable pests is eight, based on seven different active substances. The aim of this paper is to present registered plant protection products for the control of the most economically import-ant pathogens and pests of root vegetables, in the Republic of Serbia, classified according to the mode of action.
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Pinchuk, Natalya, Pavel Verheles, and Tatyana Kovalenko. "EFFICIENCY OF PROTECTION OF WINTER RAPE SEEDS FROM PERMANENT ORGANISMS." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 3 (September 28, 2021): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2021-3-10.
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This article presents the results of studying the development and formation peculiarities of the number of dominant phytophages of winter oilseed rape: cruciferous fleas (Phyllotreta undulata), rape pollinator (Athalia rosae L.), rapeseed flower beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.), seed larvae (Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis Payk.), cabbage capsicum mosquito (Dasyneura brassicae Winn.), cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.). Theoretical generalization of the prevalence of pests in the research area and the impact on the formation of winter rape yields. The influence of modern insecticides on the control of the number of dangerous pests of winter rape and on the yield, biometric parameters of rape plants has been studied. The best results in controlling the number of dominant phytophages in the enterprise showed the drug Nuredin ™ Super KE (chlorpyrifos 400 g / l + bifenthrin 20 g / l) at a rate of 0,75 l / ha. On the basis of the obtained data it is recommended to use the drug Plenum 50 VG (pimetrosine 500 g / kg) at a rate of 0,25 l / ha, as its use provides rapeseed yield at 24,3 c / ha and gives a good economic effect, due to higher yields, the profitability of growing crops is 62,8%, which is 26,3% more than the control option for improving the control over a number of pests. Having researched the phytosanitary condition of winter rapeseed crops, it has been found that the most common diseases of rapeseed were alternaria, phomosis, gray and white rot, and cylindrosporiosis.The results of treatment of winter rape plants with new fungicides to protect against the main common pathogens: alternaria (Alternaria brassicicola Wilts), phomosis (Phoma lingam Desm.), cylindrosporiosis (Cylindrosporium concentrium Grev) are presented. Conclusions are made on the effectiveness of the new generation of fungicides in limiting the spread of diseases. To control the spread of diseases in the agrophytocenosis of rapeseed, it is advisable to use the drug Architect SE (pyraclostrobin 100 g / l + calcium prohexadione 25 g / l + mepiquat chloride 150 g / l) at a rate of 2.0 l / ha, which significantly reduced the damage of winter rapeseed major diseases and had a therapeutic effect, while providing yield at the level of 26,1 c/ha and profitability within 63,1%, which is 26,6% higher than the control option. Therefore, the use of an integrated pest management system can significantly increase the efficiency of cultivation technology and minimize crop losses.
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Booth, James, Peer M. Schenk, and Hooman Mirzaee. "Microbial Biopesticides against Bacterial, Fungal and Oomycete Pathogens of Tomato, Cabbage and Chickpea." Applied Microbiology 2, no. 1 (March 11, 2022): 288–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol2010021.
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Biological control is an environmentally friendly approach that holds promise to complement or replace chemicals to effectively protect crop plants against pests and pathogens. Environmental samples with highly diverse and competitive microbiomes that harbor antagonistic microbes with diverse modes-of-action can provide a rich source of microbial biopesticides. In the current study, bacteria isolated from rhizosphere soil and food spoilage samples were subsequently screened against various plant fungal and oomycete pathogens in growth inhibition assays. These included the new potential biocontrol bacteria Corynebacterium flavescens, Sporosarcina aquimarina and Sporosarcina saromensis with anti-fungal and antioomycete activities. Potential candidates selected by preliminary screening in plant assays were then applied to tomato, cabbage and chickpea plants to control bacterial (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato), fungal (Alternaria brassicicola) and oomycete (Phytophtora medicaginis) phytopathogens. Ten potential microbial biopesticides were demonstrated to be effective against these diseases, and led to significant (p < 0.05) reductions in symptoms and/or pathogen DNA compared to mock-treated diseased plants. We conclude that new and effective microbial biopesticides to control crop pathogens can be rapidly isolated from biodiverse microbiomes, where bacteria may employ these features to effectively compete against each other.
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Shulyak, Nellie V., and Svetlana V. Koroleva. "Harmfulness of tobacco thrips on medium-ripening hybrids of cabbage." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 4 (September 7, 2019): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-4-85-89.
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RelevanceRecently, breeding work with cabbage is aimed at developing F1 hybrids, which provide the population with year-round production. The main requirements for hybrids: excellent presentation with appropriate taste, high yield stability, morphological uniformity, resistance to major diseases and tolerance to pests, as well as high keeping quality during storage. In recent years, tobacco thrips is a serious problem for cultivation of cabbage. Plant resistance to tobacco thrips is becoming increasingly relevant, at the moment in the conditions of Krasnodar region. Since tobacco thrips is the most dangerous pest in the south and quickly adapts to poisons, development of resistant hybrids should be considered the most effective way to control.Methods The purpose of breeding work is to identify highly productive cabbage hybrids with high tolerance to tobacco thrips. It was previously found that late-ripening hybrids are less affected. Therefore, in our studies, we evaluated the effect of growing terms of the same hybrids in different years of research and on their damage with Thrips tabaci Lindeman. The direction of this work is to evaluate hybrids of cabbage for leaf damage by tobacco thrips and to identify sustainable hybrid combinations and their parental forms. Studies were carried out in the central soil-climatic zone of the Krasnodar Territory. The object of research was medium-ripening hybrids of cabbage. ResultsThe degree of susceptibility of hybrids to tobacco thrips varied significantly during the three years of research, but there were distinguished lines that established themselves as the most stable: Yas25p, Ts139, Agrbh82, Pi 714, 272Br-22. Hybrid combinations with these lines showed the least loss of marketable yield and the minimum number of affected leaves in each year of the study. Of the zoned hybrids, the Revansh F1 hybrid shows a high tolerance. It was found that a later planting period significantly reduces the degree of thrips damage.
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Jajor, Ewa, Joanna Zamojska, Daria Dworzańska, Joanna Horoszkiewicz-Janka, Jakub Danielewicz, Paweł Węgorek, Marek Korbas, Wiesław Ciecierski, Jan Bocianowski, and Radosław Wilk. "Yield, volume, quality, and reduction of biotic stress influenced by titanium application in oilseed rape, winter wheat, and maize cultivations." Open Chemistry 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2021-0074.
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Abstract The study presents the results of research on the influence of a mineral growth stimulant containing titanium (Ti) in the form available to plants, applied to reduce the effects of biotic stresses caused by agrophages, namely fungal pathogens and selected insect pests. The study was conducted in 2014 and 2015 on winter oilseed rape, winter wheat, and maize. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of the Ti-containing stimulant on the degree of damage caused by major pests occurring in the crops (cabbage seed weevil, cereal leaf beetle, and European corn borer), the degree of infestation with fungal diseases (gray mold, Alternaria disease, eyespot, foot rot, sooty mold, glume blotch, Fusarium head blight, Fusarium stalk rot, maize smut, and brown spot), and yield parameters. The study showed that the stimulant containing Ti successfully reduced the occurrence of pest damage to winter rapeseed and winter wheat plants and the occurrence of diseases in winter rapeseed, winter wheat, and maize crops. Thus, the application of the Ti stimulant resulted in an increased yield of the crops being tested. The main factor explaining this phenomenon is unknown, and it is probably the result of several factors. The study contains the discussion on this phenomenon.
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Razin, O. A., and T. N. Surikhina. "Analysis of cabbage production in Russia." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 6 (December 9, 2022): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2022-6-51-58.
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Relevance. The article analyzes the indicators of white cabbage production in Russia (by districts, subjects of the federation and categories of farms).Methodology. The object of research is the market for the production of white cabbage. The subject of the study is the current state of white cabbage production. The information base of the study was made up of data from FAO, official state statistics, the Federal Customs Service, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Parliamentary hearings of the State Duma Committee on Agrarian Issues, the Eurasian Economic Union, the Eurasian Economic Commission, operational online messages of federal and regional levels, materials of periodicals, scientific seminars, conferences, symposiums, reflecting various aspects of the problem under study.Results. In the industrial sector of vegetable growing, the acreage of cabbage of all types in 2021, in relation to 2020, decreased by 15.8%. Over the past ten years, there has been a decrease in acreage and gross cabbage harvest in farms of all categories. There are a number of systemic problems in Russian vegetable growing that limit the increase in vegetable production and negatively affect its effectiveness: weak technical and material equipment of a significant part of farms engaged in vegetable production, outdated technical base, insufficient provision of crops with seeds of domestic production. One of the leading roles in the implementation of the policy of food security and national independence is played by the selection and seed production of white cabbage. Sanctions make it possible to carry out import substitution of varieties and hybrids of white cabbage. To date, the main task is to abandon the import of seeds of foreign selection, and therefore it is important to focus on creating new hybrids that will be of high quality, good yield, as well as resistance to diseases and pests. Modern hybrids of breeding FGBNU FNTSO and Agrofirm "Poisk" according to the results of testing in leading agricultural organizations fully meet the requirements of the market and can take a worthy place in the fields in the Russian Federation.
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Ratu, Merifka Rahel, O. Esri H. Laoh, and Paulus A. Pangemanan. "IDENTIFIKASI BIAYA PENGENDALIAN HAMA DAN PENYAKIT PADA BEBERAPA TANAMAN HORTIKULTURA DI DESA PALELON KECAMATAN MODOINDING." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 17, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.17.2.2021.33893.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the cost of controlling pests and diseases in horticultural crops (potatoes, onions, cabbage) in Palelon Village, Modoinding District. This research was started from December 2019 to February 2020. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. The method of selecting respondents was done purposively. Methods of data collection were conducted interviews guided by questionnaires that had been prepared beforehand. The method of data analysis in this study was analyzed descriptively which is presented to describe or describe the collected data using tables. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the highest control costs incurred by farmers are maintenance costs, then weeding / land processing, and control and seeding.
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Fening, K. O., E. E. Forchibe, F. O. Wamonje, I. Adama, K. Afreh-Nuamah, and J. P. Carr. "First Report and Distribution of the Indian Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata) in Ghana." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 3 (April 9, 2020): 1363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa057.
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Abstract The presence of large colonies of aphids is associated with a devastating novel necrotic disease of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) in Ghana that is thought to be of viral etiology. In this study, we used molecular taxonomic tools to identify the aphid species present on these diseased cabbage plants. This was confirmed using two key features for morphological identification, involving the length of cornicles and shape of cauda for the wingless forms of the aphids. Two species of aphids were identified and their distribution in Ghana indicated. One was the generalist aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) but the most abundant was the brassica specialist aphid, Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae (Davis) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), which is one of the most destructive pests of brassica crops in some countries in Africa and other parts of the world. L. erysimi has been reported in Benin, Mali, South Africa, India, China, and United States, but this is the first formal report of L. erysimi pseudobrassicae in Ghana. The correct identification of L. erysimi is crucial, suggesting that it has recently become one of the most common species of aphid found on cabbage plants in Ghana.
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Widadi, Sri, Linayanti Darsana, and Sumijati Sumijati. "EXPLORATION OF BACTRIOPHAGE VIRULENT TO XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS PV CAMPETRIS TOWARD DEVELOPMENT AS BIOCONTROL AGENT FOR CABBAGE BLACK ROT DISEASE." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 27, no. 1 (September 11, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v27i1.14344.
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<p>Black rot disease which is caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv campetris is animportant disease on cabbage and so far could not be controlled satisfactory yet.Recently, people getting conscious the negative effect of applicating synthetic pesticidesand the importance of using biocontrol agents fo controlling pests because they arerelatively save and environmentally friendly. Bacteriophage is viruse that infectsbacteria. The use of phages for disease control is a fast expanding area of plantprotection with great potential to replace the chemical control and now prevalent.Phages can be used effectively as part of integrated disease management strategies.The relative ease of preparing phage treatments and low cost of production of theseagents make them good candidates for widespread use in developing countries as well.So far, in Indonesia bacteriophage exploration for development as biocontrol agents hasnot been conducted yet. On the other hand, Indonesia is one of view countries having alot of biodiversity resourches in the world. So it can be predicted that it is a lot ofbacteriophages strains naturally, which could be developed for biocontrol agents ofblack rot disease in cabbage. This research was aimed to isolate some bacteriophagevirulent to Xanthomonas campestris pv campetris from field. X. campestris pv campetris has been isolated from diseased cabbage in Blumbang, Tawangmangu.Biological characterization assay of 10 diseased cabbage leaf samples showed that allsample were indicated innfected by X. campestris pv campetris. Whereas plaque assayof 10 samples taken from fields showed indication of plague formation. This researchstill be continued to explore more samples form Tawangmangu, and also from othercabbage field in Central Java.</p>
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Purnomo, Purnomo, Aunu Rauf, Soemartono Sosromarsono, and Teguh Santoso. "KESESUAIAN DAN PREFERENSI LIRIOMYZA HUIDOBRENSIS (BLANCHARD) (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE) PADA BERBAGAI TUMBUHAN INANG." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 8, no. 2 (November 4, 2011): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.28102-109.
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Host suitability and the preference of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on different host plants. Potato leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis has become a major pest on highland vegetables since its invasion in Indonesia in 1994. The objectives of this research was to elucidate the level of suitability and the preference of L. huidobrensis on different host plant species. Research was conducted in Insect Ecology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture-IPB. The result of laboratory experiments indicated that host plants showing the highest level of suitability (based on the intrinsic rate of increase, r) were potato (Solanum tuberosum), chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis), kacang endul (P. vulgaris), and snap bean (P. vulgaris). Low host suitability were found on cucumber (Cucumis sativus), tomato ( S. lycopersicum), wild radish (Nasturtium indicum) and a non-crop vegetation, galinggang (Galinsoga parviflora). There was consistency between suitability and host preference. The first four host plants mentioned above were preferred for feeding and laying eggs.
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Iguchi, Masahiro, Fusako Fukushima, Hitoshi Yoshimoto, and Kazuki Miura. "Effects of a 4-mm mesh net on the occurrence of pests and diseases, the agrometeorological environments and the growth of cabbage in open field." Annual Report of The Kansai Plant Protection Society 53 (2011): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4165/kapps.53.25.
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Koroleva, Svetlana V., Svetlana A. Dyakunchak, and Semen A. Yurchenko. "Development of F1 hybrids of cabbage with complex resistance in the south of Russia." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 4 (September 7, 2019): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-4-16-20.
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Relevance Breeding for resistance is one of the priorities when working with late-ripening cabbage.The most significant damage to this crop in the south of Russia is caused by diseases such as fusarium, black rot, and from pests – tobacco trips. Methods The purpose of the research is development of heat-resistant hybrids of medium-late and late maturity of various areas of use with complex resistance. For 2 decades much attention was paid to breeding and immunological work on development of inbred lines with group resistance: to fusarium and polygenic resistance to black rot. The study of race-specific resistance for better protection against black rot began in 2013. At that, the progeny of the lines were eveluated, which were selected by hydathogenic polygenic resistance on the infectious background of cabbage during inoculation of plants with the Krasnodar population of the pathogen.Since specific resistance to a particular race inherited in white cabbage is recessive and it is very difficult to develop lines and hybrids resistant to several races, a strategy was chosen to increase resistance to this dangerous disease based on a combination of field resistance, stem resistance to the main race 1 and leaf resistance to one or two races. Results As a result of the work carried out in 2018, 44 lines of medium-late maturity with stem resistance to race 1 were selected, of which a significant part of the lines had leaf resistance to a particular race, including 4 lines resistant to races 1 and 4, 1 line – to races 0, 1,4, and 1 line – to races 0, 3, 4. The heat-resistant hybrid for processing Sudarynya was passed to State Variety Testing, it has one parent with stem resistance to race 1, leaf resistance to races 0, 1.4 and hydatode resistance, and the second parent has stem resistance to race 1 and hydatode resistance. Every year, hybrids are evaluated for thrips damage. According to the results of the evaluation of hybrids, lines with a high tolerance to tobacco thrips were identified. In 2017-2018 9 lines with complex resistance to fusarium, black rot and thrips (Ten211, Yas111, Eubi122, Hn861, Hn270-21, Hn270-24, Br272-22, Hn270-14p-1, 272-510) were selected, on the basis of which promising combinations of economically valuable traits were obtained.
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Ghassemi-Kahrizeh, Akbar, Ayda Khoramnezhad, and Reza Talaei-Hassanloui. "Isolation, characterization and toxicity of native Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from different hosts and habitats in Iran." Journal of Plant Protection Research 57, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2017-0029.
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AbstractBacillus thuringiensisis a Gram-positive, aerobic, facultative anaerobic and endospore-forming bacterium. Different strains of this species have the ability to produce parasporal crystalline inclusions which are toxic to larvae of different insect orders and other invertebrates and cause rapid death of the host. To determine the importance of this species in microbial control, we collected native strains and studied their virulence on the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella. More than 148 samples were collected from Alborz, Guilan and Mazandaran Provinces. Experimental samples, including soil samples from forests, fruit gardens, agricultural fields, diseased and dead larvae, were transferred to a laboratory in sterile plastic containers. For evaluatingB. thuringiensisisolates virulence, a cabbage leaf dip method with 106cell · ml−1concentration of various Bt isolates was applied to diamondback moths. Larval mortality was recorded 72 h after treatment. Based on bioassay results, all isolates were classified into three high, medium and low virulence groups. Protein level characterization based on the SDS-PAGE gel analysis showed that two isolates from a high virulence group have proteins of high molecular masses of 121 and 109 kDa. Results revealed that there is a positive correlation between protein masses and virulence of isolates. In addition, this research introduced nine strains that are highly toxic toP. xylostellaand would be valuable as insecticidal agents for controlling lepidopteran pests.
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Pivovarov, V. F., A. V. Soldatenko, O. N. Pyshnaya, L. K. Gurkina, and E. V. Pinchuk. "Modern trends in the development of selection of vegetable and melon crops." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 3 (June 23, 2022): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2022-3-5-15.
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The article reflects the issues of the current state of scientific research in the FSBSI FSVC, directions and prospects for the development of selection and seed production of vegetable crops are shown. Varieties have been created that realize the bioclimatic potential of the cultivation zone, meet market requirements, and are capable of producing high yields under the influence of biotic and abiotic stressors. Selection is carried out in a combination of classical methods with innovative technologies.Biotechnologists have improved the basic protocol for in vitro microspore culture for the Brassicaceae, stages of technology for obtaining doubled haploids in microspore culture in vitro for the Apiaceae are being developed. For the first time, an effective protocol for obtaining double haploids of European radish has been developed. Doubled haploids of vegetable crops of the Cucurbitaceae, Amarantháceae, Amaryllidáceae were obtained in vitro in the culture of unpollinated ovules. The Center conducts research on the increased content of biologically active substances and antioxidants. An important place is occupied by immunological studies on the resistance of vegetable crops to harmful diseases. The institution develops systems of protective measures against pests, diseases and weeds for vegetable crops based on the use of new environmentally friendly preparations. On the basis of fundamental and priority applied research of previous years, the creation of 21 varieties and hybrids of cabbage, table beet, tomato, sweet pepper, onion, chives, leek, cucumber, melon, lettuce, chervil, potato, aster, lychnis has been completed. Along with the creation of new breeding achievements, technologies for their cultivation are being improved through the use of new agricultural practices, microfertilizers, biological products and humates on vegetable crops in various soil and climatic zones of Russia. New agricultural methods are being developed in the cultivation of mushrooms. In the field of seed production, methods are being developed to increase the germination of seeds, seed production, elements of the technology for the production of mother liquors and seeds of various vegetable and melon crops; zonal seed production technologies that increase their yield. In 2021, a team of scientists received an award from the Government of the Russian Federation for scientific work "Development and implementation of innovative technologies for growing vegetables and potatoes to provide the population with environmentally friendly food".
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Pivovarov, V. F., A. V. Soldatenko, O. N. Pyshnaya, and L. K. Gurkina. "Results and prospects for the development of scientific research in FSBSI FSVC." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2021-3-15-23.
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The article reflects the issues of the current state of scientific research at the FSBSI FSVC, shows the directions and prospects for the development of selection and seed production of vegetable crops. The main mission of the selection and seed-growing work of the FSVC is the creation and reproduction of varieties and hybrids of vegetable and melon crops of a new generation, characterized by resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors, high productivity and product quality. One of the main ways to increase the efficiency of the breeding process is the use of modern methods of biotechnology and molecular genetics, which make it possible to obtain new genotypes and reduce the time of breeding. Success has been achieved in the creation of homozygous lines of cabbage, squash, cucumber, carrots. For the first time, it was possible to complete a full cycle of obtaining doubled radish haploids in microspore culture in vitro. The institution pays special attention to immunological research on the resistance of crops and new varieties to diseases, as well as protecting plants from pests and diseases. Phytosanitary monitoring, assessment and selection of resistant genotypes are carried every years. One of the important theoretical and practical problems solved at the institution is the development of environmentally friendly products based on preparations obtained from plants with a high content of biologically active compounds with adaptogenic properties. In the center, a new direction of research in traditional breeding has received significant development - the creation of varieties of vegetable plants with an increased content of biologically active substances and antioxidants, on the basis of which functional products are created. The persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of table carrots, depending on the biochemical composition, has been studied. Methods for enriching vegetable plants with micronutrients are being developed. A large amount of scientific research is being carried out on the development of technologies for the cultivation of new varieties and hybrids, as well as technologies for their seed production. At the branches located in different soil and climatic conditions, hospitals were established to study the interaction of factors controlling soil fertility and the productivity of vegetable crops in agrocenoses (crop rotation, soil treatment systems, fertilizers and plant protection). In general, at the FSBSI FSVC, all research is aimed at developing and improving methods in breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, creating new breeding achievements and developing varietal technologies for their cultivation.
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Duniaji, Agus Slamet, and I. Ketut Suter. "Pengujian Kandungan Residu Pestisida Pada Tanaman Sayuran Di Kabupaten Badung Dengan Kartu Pendeteksi Pestisida (Pesticide Detection Cards) Dan Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA) 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/itepa.2021.v10.i04.p19.
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Pesticides are chemical substances used to control various pests and diseases. In the field, synthetic pesticides are widely used and their use is not controlled and exceeds the permitted threshold according to the Minister of Agriculture No: 88 Permentan/PP.340/12/2011. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of pesticide residues in vegetables cultivated in Badung district. A total of 16 types of vegetables with 32 samples were tested for pesticide residues of organophosphorus and organochlorine groups (Diazinon, chlorphyrifos and Profenopos) on vegetable crops in Badung district. Qualitative testing was carried out with pesticide detection cards (Pesticide Detection Cards) and then samples contaminated with pesticides were continued by testing using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GC MS) / The test results showed that as many as 30 samples of vegetables (93.75%) did not contain diazinon and as many as 2 samples (6.25%) containing diazinon, namely chinese cabbagge sample 1 of 0.015 ppm and chinese cabbagge of sample 2 of 0.024 ppm. A total of 29 samples of vegetables (90.63%) did not contain much chlorphyrifos and as many as 3 samples (9.37%) contained chlorphyrifos pesticide residues. A total of 30 samples (93.75%) contained profenofos and 2 samples of vegetables (6.25%) contained profenofos pesticide residues in the mustard greens sample 1 and chicory sample 2 were 0.048 ppm and 0.029 ppm, respectively. According to PERMENTAN No: 88 /Permentan/PP.340/12/2011, from the results of this test, all samples were below the Maximum Residue Limit (BMR) for pesticide diazinon, chlorphyrifos and profenofos
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Tuttle, A. F., A. C. Slocombe, and D. N. Ferro. "Control of Cabbage Pests, 1988:." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.106.
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Abstract Cabbage was transplanted on 29 Jul. ‘Schultz’ starter fertilizer was used at planting and 10N-10P-10K fertilizer was applied on 15 Aug at a rate of 300 lb/acre. The soil was a fine sandy loam, pH 6.1. Each plot consisted of 2 12-ft rows, and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were based on 3-ft row spacing. All applications were made with a CO2-pressurized sprayer delivering 70 gal/acre at 40 psi. Ambush 2 EC was applied (3.2 oz formulated material/acre) on 17 Aug to all plots to prevent total defoliation by ICW, to allow for the plants to reach the early head growth stage, and to allow for colonization by ‘DBM’. All treatments were applied on 22 Sep. Larval counts were made on 27 Sep.
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Shelton, A. M., W. T. Wilsey, and S. D. Eigenbrode. "Control of Cabbage Pests, 1988:." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.103.
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Abstract Cabbage was transplanted on 29 Jim at the Robbins Entomology Farm near Geneva, N.Y. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows on 36-inch centers with 16-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. A 2-row tractor-mounted boom, with 3 flat fan nozzles/row and 8004 tips, delivering 31 gal/acre at 50 psi and 2.5 mph, was used to apply a single application of each treatment. Treatments were applied on 3 Oct and evaluated 10 Oct. Evaluations were made by randomly selecting 2 plants/plot, removing all leaves, and counting larvae.
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Walgenbach, J. F., and C. R. Palmer. "Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.115.
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Abstract Transplants were set on 1 Jun at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station, Fletcher, NC. Plants were set 12 inches apart within 30 ft rows, and rows were on 3.5 ft centers. Double-row plots were separated by a single untreated row, and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Insecticide applications were begun when approximately 30% of plants were infested with lepidopterous larvae. Applications were made on 30 Jun, 10, 20 and 27 Jul, and 3 Aug. All applications were made with a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 50 psi and delivering 50 gal/acre (unless otherwise indicated in table) through three hollowcone nozzles per row. The nozzles were arranged on the spray wand with one overhead and two drop nozzles. Rainfall was abundant throughout the trial period with 5.82 inches in Jun, 1.72 inches in Jul, and 8.11 inches in Aug. DBM, CL and ICW larval populations were sampled by recording number of larvae on 10 heads per treatment (40 total) at 3 and 7 DAT. ANOVA was conducted on cumulative 3 and 7 DAT counts, and 3 + 7 DAT (season total) counts. Plots were harvested on 17 Aug, and damage ratings were recorded for 20 heads per treatment (80 total) on a scale of 0-5; 0 = no damage, 1 = frame leaf damage, 2 = minimal wrapper leaf damage, 3 = significant wrapper leaf damage, 4 = head damage, and 5 = severe damage. All heads receiving a rating of =< 2 were considered marketable.
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Palmer, C. R., and J. F. Walgenbach. "Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/17.1.85a.
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Abstract Transplants were set on 28 May at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station, Fletcher, NC. Plants were set 12 inches apart within 25 ft rows, and rows were on 3.5 ft centers. Double-row plots (50 plants) were separated by a single untreated row, and treatments were in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Insecticide applications were begun at an infestation level of 50% plants infested with any lepidopterous larvae. Applications were made on 13, 24 Jun, 2, 9, 23 Jul, and 1 Aug. All applications were made with a C02 backpack sprayer operating at 50 psi and delivering 50 gal/acre through three hollowcone nozzles per row. The nozzles were arranged on the spray wand with one overhead and two drop nozzles. Rainfall was frequent during this trial with 4.7 inches in Jun and 8.2 inches in Jul. DBM, ICW, and CL populations were monitored by observing 10 plants per treatment, both at 3 and 7 DAT, and recording the total number of each species found. The 3 and 7 DAT counts, as well as the total season counts were analyzed. The plots were harvested on 6 Aug, and quality ratings were determined by rating 20 heads per treatment (80 total) on a scale of 0-5; 0 = no damage, 1 = minimal frame leaf damage, 2 = significant frame leaf damage + minimal wrapper leaf damage, 3 = significant wrapper leaf damage, 4 = head damage, and 5 = severe damage. Ratings of 0-2 were considered marketable and 3-5 were non-marketable.
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Rowland, S., and B. Cartwright. "Control of Cabbage Pests, Summer, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.68.
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Jansson, R. K., S. H. Lecrone, and R. Lance. "Management of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1991." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.97.
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Abstract ‘Rio Verde’ cabbage seeds were incorporated into a germination mix (Pro-Mix) and direct seeded into a Rockdale soil at the University of Florida’s Tropical Research and Education Center on 19 Dec 1990. The soil was fumigated with Terr-O-Gas (75% methyl bromide, 25% chloropicrin; 246 kg/ha) and covered with white on black plastic mulch on 12 Dec. Plants were spaced 0.3 m apart within rows and 0.76 m apart between rows on 1.8 m-center beds. Fertilizer (1680 kg/ha of granular 6:12:12) was applied and incorporated into the soil on 11 Dec. Goal 2 EC was applied (0.56 kg (AI)/ha) between the beds on 17 Dec for weed control. Plants were irrigated 4 h/day using a turbo T-tape drip irrigation system (model 40) which delivered 5.0 liters of water/m of dripline/h. Twelve insecticide treatments and a control were compared. Treatments were: RH-5922 2F (0.14 kg (AI)/ha) in combination with Triton B-1956 (568 ml/ha); the above in combination with Cutlass WP (1.1 kg/ha) or Phosdrin 4 EC (0.56 kg (AI)/h); RH-5992 OS (0.14 kg (AI)/ha) in combination with Triton B-1956; RH-2485 2F (0.14 kg (AI)/ha) in combination with Triton B-1956; CME 13406 15 SC (0.03 6 kg (AI)/ha) in combination with Bond (2.3 liter/ha); MYX 1111 L (4.7 liter/ha) and MYX 1112 L (7.0 liter/ha) in combination with Bond; CGA 106630 (0.74 kg (AI)/ha) in combination with Bond; Cutlass WP (2.2 kg/ha) in combination with Bond; Javelin WG (1.1 kg ha) in combination with Bond; Phosdrin 4 EC (0.56 kg (AI)/ha) in combination with Cutlass WP (2.2 kg/ha) and Bond; and a nontreated check.
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Jansson, R. K., S. H. Lecrone, and J. G. Castillo. "Management of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.93.
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Abstract ‘Rio Verde’ cabbage seeds were incorporated into a germination mix (Pro-Mix) and direct seeded into a Rockdale soil at the University of Florida’s Tropical Research and Education Center on 7 Feb 1990. The soil was fumigated with Terr-O-Gas (75% methyl bromide, 25% chloropicrin; 246 kg/ha) and covered with white on black plastic mulch on 31 Jan. Plants were spaced 0.3 m apart within rows and 0.76 m apart between rows on 1.8 m-center beds. Fertilizer (1680 kg/ha of granular 6:12:12) was applied and incorporated into the soil on 26 Jan. Goal 2 EC was applied (0.56 kg (AI)/ha) between the beds on 3 Feb for weed control. Plants were irrigated 4 h/day using a turbo T-tape drip irrigation system (model 40) which delivered 5.0 liters of water/m of dripline/h. All treatments, with the exception of the chemical insecticide standard, Phosdrin (0.56 kg (AI)/ha), in combination with Dipel 2X (0.56 kg/ha), were biological insecticides consisting of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatment plots were 4 rows (2 beds) by 12.2 m long. A 3.0-m long section of nontreated plants separated replicates.
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Jansson, R. K., S. H. Lecrone, and R. Lance. "Management of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1991." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.100.
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Abstract ‘Rio Verde’ cabbage seeds were incorporated into a germination mix (Pro-Mix) and direct seeded into a Rockdale soil at the University of Florida’s Tropical Research and Education Center on 27 Dec 1990. The soil was fumigated with Terr-O-Gas (75% methyl bromide, 25% chloropicrin; 246 kg/ha) and covered with white on black plastic mulch on 19 Dec. Plants were spaced 0.3 m apart within rows and 0.76 m apart between row on 1.8 m-center beds. Fertilizer (1680 kg/ha of granular 6:12:12) was applied and incorporated into the soil on 18 Dec. Goal 2 EC was applied (.56 kg (AI)/ha) between the beds on 20 Dec for week control. Plants were irrigated 4 h/day using a turbo T-tape irrigation system (model 40) which delivered 5.0 liters of water/m of dripline/h. Fourteen insecticide treatments and a nontreated check were compared. Treatments were: biweekly applications of CME 13406 (0.033 kg (AI)/ha) until heading and then judiciously thereafter; the above in combination with Butacide (10:1; Butacide:CME 13406 AI); the above in combination with Cutlass WP (2.2 kg/ha); biweekly applications of the above rotated on alternate weeks with applications of Cutlass WP (2.2 kg/ha); weekly applications of Cutlass WP (2.2 kg/ha); weekly applications of Javelin WG (1.1 kg/ha); weekly applications of Dipel 2X (1.1 kg/ha); three applications of Biosafe Steinernema carpocapsae (Filipjev) strain All (3.7 and 7.4 billion infective juveniles/ha); three applications of S. carpocapsae (7.4 billion infective juveniles/ha) and six application of Cutlass WP (2.2 kg/ha) when S. carpocapsae was not applied; judicious applications of RH-9999 20 WP (0.11 or 0.22 kg (AI)/ha) rotated with Cutlass WP (2.2 kg/ha) on dates when RH-9999 was not applied; judicious applications of Margosan-0 (0.3% Al) 0.22 kg (AI)/ha) as above; judicious applications of MK-244 0.16 EC (0.011 kg (AI)/ha) as above; Phosdrin 4 EC (0.56 kg (AI)/ha) in combination with Cutlass WP (2.2 kg/ha); and a nontreated check. All treatments, except S. carpocapsae were applied with Bond (2.3 liters/ha). CME 13406, the above in combination with Butacide, and the above in combination with Cutlass WP were applied on four dates: 31 Jan, 14 Feb, 1 and 14 Mar.
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Idris, A. B., E. Grafius, and A. Pyle. "Seasonal Control of Cabbage Lepidopterous Pests, 1992." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.91.
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Abstract Greenhouse seedlings were transplanted at the Entomology Research Farm, Michigan State University on 7 and 8 Jul. Spacing was 2 ft between plants and 5 ft between rows. Plots were 25 ft long and one row wide. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design where two replicates had a single buffer row between adjacent plots (alternate row spray) and four replicates had no buffer rows (blanket spray) which created an unbalanced factorial design. Application were made on 4, 10, 17 and 24 Aug using a hand-held CO2 sprayer (30 GPA and 50 psi), with a single flat-fan nozzle directed downward 2 ft over the top of the plant. Insects on two plants were counted on 3, 4, 14, 20 and 27 Aug. On 6 Sep, up to five heads per plot were harvested and inspected for larvae.
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Jansson, R. K., S. H. Lecrone, and J. G. Castillo. "Management of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.92.
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Abstract ‘Rio Verde’ cabbage seeds were incorporated into a germination mix (Pro-Mix) and direct seeded into a Rockdale soil at the University of Florida’s Tropical Research and Education Center on 8 Feb 1990. The soil was fumigated with Terr-O-Gas (75% methyl bromide, 25% chloropicrin; 246 kg/ha) and covered with white on black plastic mulch on 1 Feb. Plants were spaced 0.3 m apart in rows and 0.76 m apart between rows on 1.8 m-center beds. Fertilizer (1680 kg/ha of granular 6:12:12) was applied and incorporated into the soil on 26 Jan. Goal 2 EC was applied (0.56 kg (AI)/ha) between the beds on 3 Feb for weed control. Plants were irrigated 4 h/day using a turbo T-tape drip irrigation system (model 40) which delivered 5.0 liters of water/m of dripline/h. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatment plots were 4 rows (2 beds) by 12.2 m long. A 3.0-m long section of nontreated plants separated replicates. Treatments within a replicate were separated by one nontreated bed and a 1.8 m alleyway.
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Jansson, R. K., S. H. Lecrone, and J. Hernandez. "Management of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.91.
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Abstract ‘Rio Verde’ cabbage seeds were direct seeded at the University of Florida’s Tropical Research and Education Center on 22 Dec ‘88. Plants were spaced 1 ft within rows and 30 inches apart between rows on 72 inch-center beds. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatment plots were 4 rows (2 beds) by 40 ft long. A 10-ft long section of nontreated plants separated replicates; treatments within a replicate were separated by one nontreated bed and a 6 ft alleyway. Efficacy and residual activity of CME 13406 (0.03 lbs [AI]/acre) were evaluated using 3 treatment strategies; applications made weekly for 3 wk and then at 2 wk intervals thereafter; applications made at 2 wk intervals until heading and then judiciously thereafter; and applications made once before and at heading and at 3 wk intervals thereafter. These were compared to applications of CME 13406 + Dipel 2 × (0.5 lbs/acre) made at 2 wk intervals before heading and weekly thereafter, Lannate (0.9 lbs [AI]/acre) + Dipel 2 × (0.5 lbs/acre) applied weekly, and nontreated plants. Weekly applications of Lannate + Dipel were made on 9 dates (2, 9, 17, and 24 Feb, and 2, 9, 16, 23, and 30 Mar). Treatments of CME 13406 applied weekly for 3 wk and then at 2 wk intervals thereafter were made on six dates (2, 9, and 17 Feb, and 2, 16, and 30 Mar). Treatments of CME 13406 applied at 2 wk intervals until heading and then applied judiciously thereafter with and without Dipel 2 × were made on 6 dates (2, 17, and 24 Feb, and 2, 16, and 23 Mar). Treatments of CME 13406 applied once before and at heading and at 3 wk intervals thereafter were made on 3 dates (2 and 24 Feb, and 16 Mar). Applications were made using a tractor-mounted single-bed boom sprayer that operated at 250 psi and delivered 100 gal/acre through 5 D-4, #24 disc disc type cone nozzles at 3 mph. The numbers of small, medium, and large larvae and pupae of diamondback moth (DBM), parasitized DBM pupae, beet armyworm (BAW) larvae, and cabbage budworm (CBW) larvae were recorded on 8 plants/replicate on 10 dates. Foliage injury was rated on 8 plants/replicate on 27 Mar and 2 Apr, and on 24 plants/replicate at harvest (4 Apr), using a scale from 1°6 (1 = no apparent insect feeding, 6 = severe damage to head and wrapper leaves). Percentages of marketable heads were determined for ratings ≤ 3.
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Eastman, C. E., and H. Oloumi-Sadeghi. "Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1991." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/17.1.83.
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Abstract Greenhouse transplants were planted 30 May into plots 4 rows wide by 25 ft long, 15 plants/row, at the University of Illinois Vegetable Crops Farm, Champaign. Plots (including check) were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design, with 1-2 additional untreated plots established on east and west borders of each block. Sprays were applied with 3 hollow cone nozzles (Conejet TXSS-8)/row from a 4-row sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 50 psi on 3, 18, and 26 Jul and on 1 Aug. Heavy rainfall the week of 8 Jul prevented a scheduled application. Two destructive samples (5 plants/plot on 6-8 Jul, and 4 plants/plot from replicates 1-3 only on 4-7 Aug). Quality ratings (Greene et al. 1969. J. Econ. Entomol. 62:798-800) of mature cabbage heads in replicates 1-3 (5 plants per plot) were determined 8 Aug.
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Jansson, R. K., S. H. Lecrone, and R. Lance. "Management of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1991." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.104.
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Abstract ‘Rio Verde’ cabbage seeds were incorporated into a germination mix (Pro-Mix) and direct seeded into a Rockdale soil at the University of Florida’s Tropical Research and Education Center on 13 Feb 1991. The soil was fumigated with Terr-O-Gas (75% methyl bromide, 25% chloropicrin; 246 kg/ha) and covered with white on black plastic mulch on 6 Feb. Plants were spaced 0.3 m apart within rows and 0.76 m apart between rows on 1.8 m-center beds. Fertilizer (1680 kg/ha of granular 6:12:12) was applied and incorporated into the soil on 5 Feb. Goal 2 EC was applied (0.56 kg (AI)/ha) between the beds on 15 Feb for weed control. Plants were irrigated 4 h/day using a turbo T-tape drip irrigation system (model 40) which delivered 5.0 liters of water/m of dripline/h. All treatments, with the exception of the chemical insecticide standard, Phosdrin (0.56 Kg (AI)/ha), in combination with Cutlass WP (1.1 kg/ha), were biological insecticides consisting of Bacillus thuringienis var. kurstaki. X-77R (0.3 ml/liter) was added to three of the treatments, Cutlass WP (2.2 kg/ha), Javelin WG (1.1 kg/ha) and Phosdrin EC (0.56 kg (AI)/ha) in combination with Cutlass WP (1.1 kg/ha). Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatment plots were 4 rows (2 beds) by 12.2 m long. A 3.0-m long section of nontreated plants separated replicates.
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Jansson, R. K., S. H. Lecrone, and J. Hernandez. "Management of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.89.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract ‘Rio Verde’ cabbage seeds were incorporated into a germination mix (Pro-Mix) and direct seeded at the University of Florida’s Tropical Research and Education Center on 1 Feb ‘89. Plants were spaced 1 ft apart within rows and 30 inches apart between rows on 72 inch center beds. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatment plots were 4 rows (2 beds) by 40 ft long. A 10-ft long section of nontreated plants separated replicates; treatments within a replicate were separated by one nontreated bed and a 6 ft alleyway. Applications were made on 3, 10, 16, 23, and 31 Mar and 11, 20, and 28 Apr using a tractor-mounted single-bed boom sprayer that operated at 250 psi and delivered 100 gal/acre through 5 D-4, #24 disc type cone nozzles at 3 mph. All treatments were applied in water. The numbers of small, medium, and large larvae and pupae of diamondback moth (DBM), parasitized DBM pupae, small, medium, and large larvae of beet armyworm (BAW), and small and large larvae of cabbage budworm (CBW) were recorded on 8 plants/replicate, on 7 dates. Foliage injury was rated on 24 plants/replicate using a scale from 1°6 (1 = no apparent insect feeding, 6 = severe damage to head and wrapper leaves). Percentages of marketable heads were determined for each of 2 quality levels, ratings 2 and 3.
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Bartels, D. W., R. L. Hines, and W. D. Hutchison. "Control of Lepidopteran Pests in Cabbage, 1996." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.87.
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Abstract This study was conducted at the University of Minnesota Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station. Cabbage was transplanted bare-root on 28 Jun. Plots consisted of two 25 ft (7.6 m) rows on 40 inch (1.0 m) centers with plants spaced 13 inches (0.33 m) apart. Ten ft (3.0 m) borders and 10 ft (3.0 m) alleys separated plots. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Treatment applications were initiated during the 9-12 true leave stage, before precupping. Treatments were applied 26 and 31 Jul, 08, 14 and 21 Aug using a moderate-clearance Spirit sprayer with 3 TX-10 hollowcone nozzles (1 overhead and 2 drop nozzles) per row. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 27 gpa (252.5 liters/ha) at 47 psi (3.3 kg/cm2) and 3 mph (4.8 km/hr). Bond sticker/extender was added to all treatments (except Confirm treatments) at a rate of 0.10 fl oz/gal (0.8 ml/liter). Counts were taken from 5 heads per plot on 15 Aug and 10 heads per plot on 26 Aug. Ten heads per plots were evaluated for feeding damage on 30 Aug using Green’s rating scale (J. Econ. Entomol. 1969 62:4 798-800): 1 = no feeding damage; 2 = minor feeding damage on the wrapper leaves (1 % eaten); 3 = moderate feeding damage on the wrapper leaves (2–5% eaten) with no head damage; 4 = moderate feeding damage on the wrapper leaves (6-10% eaten) and minor feeding scars on the head; 5 = moderate to heavy feeding on the wrapper leaves (11-30% eaten) and moderate feeding scars on the head; 6 = >30% of the wrapper leaves eaten and numerous feeding scars on the head.
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Shamiyeh, N. B., B. R. Gerhardt, C. A. Mullins, and R. A. Straw. "Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1997." Arthropod Management Tests 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/23.1.83a.
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Walgenbach, J. F., and C. R. Palmer. "Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.76.
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Abstract Transplants were set on 2 Jun at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station, Fletcher, NC. Plants were set 12 inches apart in 30 ft rows, and rows were on 3.5 ft centers. Double-row plots were separated by a single untreated row, and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Insecticide applications were begun when approximately 25% of plants were infested with lepidopterous larvae. Applications were made on 17 and 24 Jun, 8, 15, 22 and 29 Jul, and 5 Aug. All applications were made with a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 50 psi and delivering 50 gal/acre through three hollowcone nozzles per row. The nozzles were arranged on the spray wand with one overhead and two drop nozzles. Triton B-1956 was added as a spreader sticker to spray solutions at the rate of 4 oz/100 gal. Rainfall was sparse throughout the trial period, with 1.05, 3.44 and 5.44 inches falling in Jun, Jul and Aug, respectively. CL, DBM and ICW populations were sampled by counting the number of larvae on 10 heads per treatment 7 d after each application. Two-way ANOVA was conducted using season total counts. Plots were harvested on 11 Aug, when 20 heads/treatment were rated on a scale of 0-5 (0 = no damage, 1 = frame leaf damage; 2 = minimal wrapper leaf damage, 3 = significant wrapper leaf damage, 4 = head damage, and 5 = severe damage). All heads receiving a rating of ≤2 were considered marketable.
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Walgenbach, J. F., and C. R. Palmer. "Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.81.
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Speese, John. "Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.100a.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Cabbage was transplanted on 10 Aug at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25ft row with 3ft spacing between rows. Plots were separated from each other by untreated guard rows. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Treatments were applied with a backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 60 gal water/acre .at 40 psi. Application dates were 30 Aug; 12, 19, and 26 Sep; 9 and 18 Oct. An additional V71639 application was made on 5 Sep, as early applications of this material are necessary for maximum ovicidal activity. Latron B-1956 was added to each treatment at 8oz/100 gal water. Evaluation criteria consisted of counts of all worm species present on 5 random plants/plot. Dates with high populations for each species are recorded in the table. On 26 Oct, 5 plants/plot were rated for feeding damage according to Greene et al. in J. Econ. Entomol. 62(4): 798-800. A rating greater than 3 is considered unmarketable.
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Palmer, C. R., and J. F. Walgenbach. "Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.94a.
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Abstract Transplants were set on 31 May at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station in Fletcher, NC. Plants were set 12 inches apart in 20ft rows on 3.5 ft centers. Double-row plots were separated by 7ft of cultivated soil and arranged in a RCB design with four replications. All materials were applied on 23 and 30 June, 3, 12 and 26 July and 2 August using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer delivering 50 GPA through 3 hollow cone nozzles per row (1 overhead and two 2 drop nozzles). CL, ICW, DBM and CSCW populations were monitored by examining 10 heads/treatment, 5-7 days post treatment and recording the number of larvae found. Crop quality was assessed on 8 August, when 10 heads/treatment were rated on a scale of 0-5 (0 = no damage, 1 = frame leaf damage, 2 = minimum wrapper leaf damage, 3 = significant wrapper leaf damage, 4 = head damage, 5 = severe head damage). All heads receiving a rating of ≤2 were considered marketable. All data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, and means were separated by using LSD (P = 0.05).
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Shamiyeh, N. B., C. H. Roberts, C. A. Mullins, and R. A. Straw. "Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.96a.
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Bender, David A., and William P. Morrison. "634A PB 527 INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT THROUGH A CABBAGE-INDIAN MUSTARD COMPANION PLANTING." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 523d—523. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.523d.
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Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) has been reported to be a preferred host for diamondhack moth (Plutella xylostellu) and other insect pests when interplanted with cabbage (Brasssica oleracea var. capitata). A cabbage-Indian mustard companion planting study was conducted to determine the seasonal occurrence of cabbage insects and the potential for using a trap-crop system to reduce insecticide applications to cabbage in West Texas. Three-row plots of cabbage 9 m long were transplanted with and without sequentially seeded borders of Indian mustard in three seasons. Harmful and beneficial insects were counted at roughly weekly intervals. Insecticides were applied when insect populations in individual plots reached predetermined thresholds. Indian mustard did not appear to be more attractive than cabbage to lepidopterous pests, but did preferentially attract hemipterans, particularly harlequin bugs (Margantia histrionica). The mustard trap crop eliminated two insecticide` applications in one trial by reducing harlequin bug pressure on the cabbage.