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1
Bender, David A., and William P. Morrison. "634A PB 527 INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT THROUGH A CABBAGE-INDIAN MUSTARD COMPANION PLANTING." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 523d—523. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.523d.
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Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) has been reported to be a preferred host for diamondhack moth (Plutella xylostellu) and other insect pests when interplanted with cabbage (Brasssica oleracea var. capitata). A cabbage-Indian mustard companion planting study was conducted to determine the seasonal occurrence of cabbage insects and the potential for using a trap-crop system to reduce insecticide applications to cabbage in West Texas. Three-row plots of cabbage 9 m long were transplanted with and without sequentially seeded borders of Indian mustard in three seasons. Harmful and beneficial insects were counted at roughly weekly intervals. Insecticides were applied when insect populations in individual plots reached predetermined thresholds. Indian mustard did not appear to be more attractive than cabbage to lepidopterous pests, but did preferentially attract hemipterans, particularly harlequin bugs (Margantia histrionica). The mustard trap crop eliminated two insecticide` applications in one trial by reducing harlequin bug pressure on the cabbage.
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Tolman, J. H., D. G. R. McLeod, and C. R. Harris. "Cost of crop losses in processing tomato and cabbage in southwestern Ontario due to insects, weeds and/or diseases." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 915–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-002.
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The relative importance of insects, weeds and diseases to yield losses in processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) was measured by comparing yields in the presence and absence of appropriate control programs. In the absence of any pest control, average crop losses exceeded 80% in both crops. Average yield losses due to weeds alone approached 80% in processing tomato and 60% in cabbage. Insects alone did not significantly reduce yield of processing tomato in either year. In the absence of insect control, significant yield loss in cabbage approached 50% in only one year. When diseases were not controlled, yield of processing tomato declined significantly by nearly 30% in one trial. Failure to control disease had no significant impact on cabbage yield in this study. Monetary losses and costs of each management program were calculated. Key words: Tomato, cabbage, yield loss, insects, weeds, diseases
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Mpumi, Nelson, Revocatus S. Machunda, Kelvin M. Mtei, and Patrick A. Ndakidemi. "Selected Insect Pests of Economic Importance to Brassica oleracea, Their Control Strategies and the Potential Threat to Environmental Pollution in Africa." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 8, 2020): 3824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093824.
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The most common destructive insect pests affecting cabbages in African smallholder farmers include Plutella xylostella, Helula undalis, Pieris brassicae, Brevycoryne brassicae, Trichoplusia ni and Myzus persicae. Those insect pests infest cabbages at different stages of growth, causing huge damage and resulting into huge yield losses. The African smallholder farmers use cultural and synthetic pesticides to control insect pests and minimize infestations. The cultural practices like crop rotation, weeding and handpicking are used to minimize the invasion of cabbage pests. However, those practices are not sufficiently enough to control cabbage insect pests although they are cheap and safe to the environment. Also, the African smallholder famers rely intensively on the application of broad-spectrum of synthetic pesticides to effectively control the cabbage pests in the field. Due to severe infestation of cabbages caused by those insects, most of African smallholder farmers decide to; first, increase the concentrations of synthetic pesticides beyond the recommended amount by manufacturers. Secondly, increase the rate of application of the synthetic pesticides throughout the growing season to effectively kill the most stubborn insect pests infesting cabbages (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Thirdly, they mix more than two synthetic pesticides for the purpose of increasing the spectrum of killing the most stubborn insect pests in the field. All those scenarios intensify the environmental pollution especially soil and water pollution. Moreover, most of insecticides sprayed are made with broad-spectrum and are hazardous chemicals posing environmental pollution and threats to natural enemies’ ecosystems. Therefore, this paper reviews Brassica oleracea var. capitata insect pests and control measures as a potential environmental pollution threat in African smallholder farmers.
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Bender, David A., William P. Morrison, and Raymond E. Frisbie. "Intercropping Cabbage and Indian Mustard for Potential Control of Lepidopterous and Other Insects." HortScience 34, no. 2 (April 1999): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.2.275.
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A system of intercropping cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) with Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] to reduce pesticide applications was evaluated over three cropping seasons. Insects were monitored in nonintercropped cabbage, cabbage plots surrounded by Indian mustard, and the Indian mustard intercrop. Insecticide applications were made to individual plots based on specific treatment thresholds for lepidopterous insects and accepted pest management practices for other insects. Intercropping had no significant effect on the number of lepidopterous larvae in cabbage. Indian mustard did not appear to preferentially attract lepidopterous insects, but was highly attractive to hemipterans, especially harlequin bugs [Murgantia histrionica (Hahn)]. In one season with heavy harlequin bug pressure, intercropping with Indian mustard eliminated two insecticide applications to cabbage. Intercropping cabbage with Indian mustard does not appear to be an economical pest management practice under normal pest pressures in West Texas.
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Cranshaw, Whitney, D. Casey Sclar, Mohammad Al-Doghairi, Dan Gerace, and Andrea Tupy. "Control of Cabbage Insects, 1996." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.93.
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Goodman, R., G. Hepworth, P. Kaczynski, B. McKee, S. Clarke, and C. Bluett. "Honeybee pollination of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) cv. Manor." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 8 (2001): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99008.
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The role of honeybees (Apis mellifera) in the pollination of buckwheat cv. Manor was studied in a commercial planting at Smeaton, Victoria. Honeybees comprised 80% of all insect visitors to this crop. Other insects included ladybirds (Coccinella transversalis and C. undecimpunctata), hoverflies (Meangyna viridiceps), drone flies (Eristalis sp.), blowflies (Calliphoridae), cabbage white butterflies (Pieris rapae), small bush flies and native bees. The activity of honeybees and other insects increased seed production from 91.5 g/plot (plots closed to insects) to 180.4 g/plot (plots open to insects).
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Sigareva, D., and V. Kharchenko. "Reproduction of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema feltiae) on different insect hosts under laboratory conditions." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 65 (December 20, 2019): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2019.65.161-174.
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Goal. To identify the effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema feltiae isolate with a biological product «Entonem» ™ Copert) on the larvae and adults of different insect pests at various ways of their infection, and to explore the possibility of generating a significant amount of the invasive larvae of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN).
Research methods. The material for our study is the 7 types of test insects: larvae of the large and the small wax moth, castaneum flour, gyroscope, common cabbage butterfly, Kovalik pilosula, as well as the may beetle, which was used stage larvae, as well as individuals of adult beetles (imago). All the studied insects infected with EPN (pathogen — Steinernema feltiae with biopreparation «Entonem» (™Koppert)) in the laboratory on filter paper or in sterile soil. Recorded date of infection and death of insects and counted the number of allocated of each type of insect infective larvae of nematodes. Estimated duration of migration and reproductive potential of different test insects.
Results. The use of different methods of infection (dry contact parasite and insect hosts on filter paper or by making a dose in sterile soil, which was placed insect-host) at a dose of 50 larvae per one insect, showed that in half of the cases a significant difference between them is not detected. However, castaneum flour, Kovalik pilosula and ordinary spinning top, the best was the method of contamination in the Petri dishes, and adults of the may beetle — in groundwater samples. The duration of the process of migration of larvae of the entomopathogenic nematodes from the cadavers of insect hosts ranged from 27—51 day and were more dependent on the insect host than from its method of infection. A short period of migration of the larvae of large and small wax moth (27—36 days), long (35—45) from larvae of a top common and castaneum flour, the longest period of time (48—51 hours) — larvae of cabbage butterflies and a beetle may. Performance in relation to the amount of the newly formed infective larvae determines the insect host. Among the investigated 7-insects-the home of highest performance was observed in the may beetle (115980—120060 larvae) and the cabbage (93440—97880 larvae). Less productive was the great wax moth, the flour castaneum and the grasshopper pelousy (respectively 26880 ± 420; 34500 ± 430; 32400 ± 673).Less productive are the common top, the May beetle (imago) and the small wax moth, in which from 15640 to 26880 invasive larvae were formed.
Findings. In laboratory conditions, without significant material costs, you can get a sufficient number of entomopathogenic nematodes. The method of directly introducing entomopathogenic nematodes onto test insects in Petri dishes proved to be the best compared to soil invasion. The duration and volume of migration of larvae of entomopathogenic nematodes is determined mainly by the species of host insects. The shortest migration period was recorded in wax moth larvae (small and large), significantly longer (almost 1.5 times) in the larvae of May beetle and cabbage. The most productive in relation to juvenile larvae of EPN were the cabbage and the larvae of the May beetle, and the least productive ones were the common top, May beetle (imago) and small wax moth.
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Buhler, W. G., and R. E. Foster. "Control of Insects on Cabbage, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.69.
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Abstract Transplants were planted 24 May at the O’Neall Memorial Farm, Lafayette, Indiana. Plots consisted of single rows, 30 ft long, 5 ft apart, and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer using hollow cone nozzle tips delivering 19 gpa at 32 psi. Sprays were applied on 21 Jun, 11 and 20 Jul. Insects were counted on 5 whole plants in each plot. Results are presented as the average number of insects per 5 plants. Cabbages (20 per plot) were harvested and yield data recorded on 25 Jul.
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Santos, N. A., N. C. Teixeira, J. O. S. Valim, E. F. A. Almeida, M. G. A. Oliveira, and W. G. Campos. "Sulfur fertilization increases defense metabolites and nitrogen but decreases plant resistance against a host-specific insect." Bulletin of Entomological Research 108, no. 4 (October 24, 2017): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485317001018.
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AbstractWe tested the sulfur-modulated plant resistance hypothesis using potted cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) plants that were grown without and with increasing levels of sulfur fertilization. Changes in plant chemical traits were assessed and developmental performance of Plutella xylostella, a highly host-specific leaf-chewing insect, was followed. Leaf sulfur concentration gradually increased with growing addition of sulfur in soil; however, there was a generalized saturation response curve, with a plateau phase, for improvements in total leaf nitrogen, defense glucosinolates and insect performance. Plutella xylostella performed better in sulfur-fertilized cabbage probably because of the higher level of nitrogen, despite of the higher content of glucosinolates, which are toxic for many non-specialized insects. Despite the importance of sulfur in plant nutrition and production, especially for Brassica crops, our results showed that sulfur fertilization could decrease plant resistance against insects with high feeding specialization.
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Kovalikova, Zuzana, Jan Kubes, Milan Skalicky, Nikola Kuchtickova, Lucie Maskova, Jiri Tuma, Pavla Vachova, and Vaclav Hejnak. "Changes in Content of Polyphenols and Ascorbic Acid in Leaves of White Cabbage after Pest Infestation." Molecules 24, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 2622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142622.
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Crops, such as white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata (L.) f. alba), are often infested by herbivorous insects that consume the leaves directly or lay eggs with subsequent injury by caterpillars. The plants can produce various defensive metabolites or free radicals that repel the insects to avert further damage. To study the production and effects of these compounds, large white cabbage butterflies, Pieris brassicae and flea beetles, Phyllotreta nemorum, were captured in a cabbage field and applied to plants cultivated in the lab. After insect infestation, leaves were collected and UV/Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC used to determine the content of stress molecules (superoxide), primary metabolites (amino acids), and secondary metabolites (phenolic acids and flavonoids). The highest level of superoxide was measured in plants exposed to fifty flea beetles. These plants also manifested a higher content of phenylalanine, a substrate for the synthesis of phenolic compounds, and in activation of total phenolics and flavonoid production. The levels of specific phenolic acids and flavonoids had higher variability when the dominant increase was in the flavonoid, quercetin. The leaves after flea beetle attack also showed an increase in ascorbic acid which is an important nutrient of cabbage.
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Crialesi, Paula Cristina Brunini, Robson Thomaz Thuler, Fernando Henrique Iost Filho, Ana Maria Guidelli Thuler, Manoel Victor Franco Lemos, and Sergio Antonio De Bortoli. "Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) interaction as a resistance inductor factor in Brassica oleracea var. capitata." Plant Science Today 4, no. 3 (August 1, 2017): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2017.4.3.305.
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Resistance of Plutella xylostella populations to chemical insecticides has made its management difficult, and the utilization of resistant cabbage cultivars has been shown to be a useful alternative. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the induction of cabbage plant resistance to P. xylostella using PGPR and injuries caused by the pest larvae as elicitors. Therefore, we evaluated the insects’ responses utilizing a specific bioassay. Furthermore, this assay was used for selecting a PGPR strain that affects the insect’s biology, and to examine molecular and biochemical responses of the plants influenced by the plant-microbe-insect interaction. Among the strains used in this study, Kluyvera ascorbata showed the most relevant results by influencing biological characteristics of the insect. Thus, the following tests demonstrated that the cited strain possesses a high influence on plant metabolism when it undergoes different types of stress such as injuries caused by the pest. These findings were determined from the different responses obtained by the chemical analyses of the tested plants and from the differentiation in the genetic sequences obtained from plants inoculated with or without PGPR that were injured by the pest. The PGPR K. ascorbata alters the metabolism of cabbage plants, which directs a specific plant defense against P. xylostella.
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Bender, David A., and William P. Morrison. "INDIAN MUSTARD AS A TRAP CROP FOR INSECT PESTS OF CABBAGE ON THE TEXAS HIGH PLAINS." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 268B—268. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.268b.
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Indian mustard trap crops have successfully reduced pesticide use on commercial cabbage in India. Diamondback moth has been a serious pest of cabbage in Texas and has demonstrated resistance to most classes of insecticides. Use of a trap crop could fit well in an integrated management program for cabbage insects, Three-row plots of spring and fall cabbage were surrounded by successive single-row plantings of Indian mustard in trials at Lubbock, Texas to determine the efficacy of interplanting for reducing insecticide applications. Insects in the cabbage and Indian mustard were counted twice weekly, and insecticides were applied selectively when economic thresholds were reached. Indian mustard was highly attractive to harlequin bugs, and protected intercropped spring cabbage. Cabbage plots without mustard required two insecticide applications to control the infestation. False chinch bugs were also highly attracted to Indian mustard. Lepidopterous larvae, including diamondback moth, did not appear to be attracted to the trap crop. Indian mustard trap crops reduced insecticide applications to spring cabbage but had no positive effect on fail cabbage.
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Bottenberg, Harry, John Masiunas, Catherine Eastman, and Darin Eastburn. "Weed Management Effects on Insects and Diseases of Cabbage and Snapbean." HortTechnology 7, no. 4 (October 1997): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.7.4.400.
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Field studies were conducted to determine insect and plant pathogen management effects on weed competitiveness and crop yield and to evaluate weed management impacts on insect pests, diseases, and crop yield. At similar densities, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) reduced snapbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var capitata) yield more than that of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), a low growing weed. In 1995, diamondback moth [Plutella xylostella (L.)] was greater on cabbage growing in plots with purslane than in plots of cabbage growing without weeds. Imported cabbageworm [Pieris rapae (L.)] was greater on cabbage growing in plots with either purslane or pigweed than when growing alone. However, the amount of feeding damage to cabbage was similar across treatments. Disease incidence was low, but fungicide treatments made redroot pigweed more competitive with snapbean, reducing yield in 1995.
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Walgenbach, J. F., and C. R. Palmer. "Control of Lepidopterous Insects on Cabbage, 1997." Arthropod Management Tests 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/23.1.88.
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Shamiyeh, N. B., R. A. Straw, C. A. Mullins, and C. J. Southards. "Control of Lepidopterous Insects on Cabbage, 1996." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.107.
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Walgenbach, J. F., and C. R. Palmer. "Control of Lepidopterous Insects on Cabbage, 1996." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.113.
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Miranti, Mia, Wawan Hermawan, Melanie ., Rahman Perdana Hadi, Dicky Budi Sugiarto, and Desy Efriyani Anggraeny Nasution. "THE POTENTIAL OF SUBCULTURE Helicoverpa armigera NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS (HaNPV) TO BE UTILIZED AS AN ALTERNATE SYNTHETIC INSECTICIDES TO CONTROL INSECTS PESTS IN CABBAGES PLANTATION (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L)." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (September 20, 2015): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.183.
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<p>Subculture Helicoverpa armigera Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (HaNPV) is an entomopathogenic viruses isolated from cadaver of Helicoverpa armigera larvae, and was succesfully produced in Spodoptera litura larvae as an alternate host. These viral agent have been applied to control the population of three species insects pests Spodoptera litura, Crocidolomia pavonana and Plutella xyllostella which were infested in Cabbages Plantation. The concentration of virus of 4 x 107 Polyhedral/ml was sprayed in cabbage leaves 24 hours before infested of larval and every four days after. The research used randomized design which consisted of factor (three species of second instar larvae, S. litura, C. pavonana, P. xyllostella) and eight replications. The result showed that the three species of larval were sensitive against subculture HaNPV infection. The mortality of each larval species (S. litura, C. pavonana and P. xyllostella) were 100%, 97.5% and 98.7%. Subculture HaNPV can be utilized to control the population of three spesies of insects pests in Cabbage Plantation. </p><p>Keywords : Subculture HaNPV, Polyhedral</p>
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Han-Xia, Li, Yin Ruo-He, Lu Ya-Chun, Zhang Yu-Yang, and Zhang Jun-Hong. "Inheritance and resistance to insects in CryIA(c) transgenic cabbage." Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 4, no. 1 (April 2007): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479236207001258.
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AbstractUsing hypocotyl segments of aseptic seedlings of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) as explants, regenerated plants with kanamycin resistance were obtained mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain LBA4404). The transformed plants with the CryIA(c) (Bt) gene were confirmed by Southern blotting analysis, indicating the integration of the transgene into the cabbage genome. The majority of the transgenic plants had only a single copy of the inserted CryIA(c) gene. Leaf section bioassays showed that resistance against larvae of diamondback moth in CryIA(c) transgenic cabbage was significantly enhanced. The inheritance patterns of the transgene in T1 offspring of transgenic cabbage were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and a kanamycin resistance test on the leaves of young seedlings. The results showed that dominant gene loci, CryIA(c) or neomycin phosphotransferase gene (NPTII), followed Mendelian inheritance, with a ratio of 3:1 segregation in T1 populations.
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Jankowska, Beata, and Anna Wilk. "Effect of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and cypress spurge (Euphorbia cyparissias L.) plant water extracts on the occurrence of pest insects on white cabbage." Folia Horticulturae 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10245-011-0004-7.
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Effect of pot marigold (Calendula officinalisL.) and cypress spurge (Euphorbia cyparissiasL.) plant water extracts on the occurrence of pest insects on white cabbageIn 2007-2008 the effects of pot marigold (Calendula officinalisL.) and cypress spurge (Euphorbia cyparissiasL.) water extracts on the occurrence of pest insects on white cabbage were tested. The numbers of cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicaeL.) were significantly lower on the treated plants. During the period of the most numerous occurrence of aphids on the unsprayed plants, their number was almost twice as high as on the plants sprayed with spurge extract and almost three times as high as on the plants sprayed with marigold extracts. Spraying plants had an effect on the number ofPhyllotreta atraandP. nemorumbeetles andPieris rapaeL. eggs. Pot marigold extract proved to be the most effective in this respect. Egg clusters of large white butterfly (P. brassicaeL.) and cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicaeL.) were observed only in 2008, and only on the control. In the case of the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostellaL., only marigold extract had a positive impact on reducing its number. Diamondback moth larvae numbers were even slightly higher on plants treated with cypress spurge extract than on the control plots where plants had not been sprayed.
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Valenzuela, Hector R., Joseph DeFrank, and Greg Luther. "643 PB 401 TRAP CROP AND GENOTYPE EFFECT ON DIAMONDBACK MOTH POPULATION DYNAMICS IN HEAD CABBAGE." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 524g—524. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.524g.
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The diamondback moth (DBM). Plutella xylostella, is the number one pest of cabbage in the the world. The pest is resistant to most pesticides registered for its use, and resistance has also been detected in several areas for registered biopesticides. Four experiments were conducted to: 1) Determine the tolerance to DBM feeding among 20 commercial head cabbage cultivars, 2) Evaluate the effect of three nitrogen fertility levels on DBM numbers. and 3) Evaluate the effect of Indian mustard. Brassica juncea trap crops as a tool to manage DBM populations in head cabbage agroecosystems. Experiments were conducted at University of Hawaii experiment stations located in Kamuela. Hawaii, and in Kula, Maui. The trap crop treatments consisted of planting two border rows of Indian mustard in cabbage field borders. Three or 4 biweekly insect counts were conducted for each trial. Insect counts consumed of destructive sampling of 3-6 plants per plot and determination of larvae and pupae number and parasitation levels. The nitrogen studies found more DBM in monoculture cabbage receiving 300 kg Ha-1 N than in controls even though cabbage yields did not vary among treatments. A range of tolerance to DBM feeding was found among the cultivars tested. The trap crop system was shown to be more effective during the summer than in the winter months. Data indicates that the trap crop also acted as attractant for beneficial insects, which may aid in the biological control of DBM in cabbage
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Blake, Adam J., Matthew C. Go, Gina S. Hahn, Hayley Grey, Samuel Couture, and Gerhard Gries. "Polarization of foliar reflectance: novel host plant cue for insect herbivores." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1915 (November 20, 2019): 20192198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2198.
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Insect herbivores exploit plant cues to discern host and non-host plants. Studies of visual plant cues have focused on colour despite the inherent polarization sensitivity of insect photoreceptors and the information carried by polarization of foliar reflectance, most notably the degree of linear polarization ( DoLP ; 0–100%). The DoLP of foliar reflection was hypothesized to be a host plant cue for insects but was never experimentally tested. Here, we show that cabbage white butterflies, Pieris rapae (Pieridae), exploit the DoLP of foliar reflections to discriminate among plants. In experiments with paired digital plant images, P. rapae females preferred images of the host plant cabbage with a low DoLP (31%) characteristic of cabbage foliage over images of a non-host potato plant with a higher DoLP (50%). By reversing the DoLP of these images, we were able to shift the butterflies' preference for the cabbage host plant image to the potato non-host plant image, indicating that the DoLP had a greater effect on foraging decisions than the differential colour, intensity, or shape of the two plant images. Although previously not recognized, the DoLP of foliar reflection is an essential plant cue that may commonly be exploited by foraging insect herbivores.
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N’goran, San-Whouly Mauricette Ouali, Madeleine Adjoua Kouassi, and Adama Coulibaly. "Evaluation des dégâts des insectes ravageurs du chou pomme (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) à Korhogo, nord de la Côte d’Ivoire." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i1.10.
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Le chou fait partie des principales cultures maraîchères pratiquées en Côte d’Ivoire. Sa production est cependant limitée par des problèmes parasitaires entomologiques mal maîtrisés. Cette étude a été réalisée sur trois périmètres maraîchers du département de Korhogo, de juillet 2016 à juin 2017. Elle vise à évaluer les niveaux d’attaques des insectes ravageurs et à déterminer leur impact sur la culture. De façon spécifique, il s’est agi d’identifier les espèces d’insectes collectés sur les plants, de décrire leurs dégâts et de déterminer l’intensité de leurs attaques à travers un indice (I) compris entre 0% et 100%. Les observations ont révélé la présence dequinze espèces d’insectes. Les larves et/ou les adultes de ces insectes attaquaient les plants de chou. Les dégâts affectent les feuilles, le bourgeon apical, la pomme et la tige. Les espèces Hellula undalis et Plutella xylostella ont été identifiées comme les ravageurs majeurs du chou car elles ont attaqué respectivement 57,04% des plants avec une forte intensité (I = 38,89 ± 21,45%) et 88,15% des plants avec une très forte intensité (I = 56,11 ± 18,87%). La connaissance de ces ravageurs majeurs et de leurs dégâts pourrait contribuer à une meilleure gestion de ces nuisibles.Mots clés : Chou, intensité des attaques, Hellula undalis, Plutella xylostella, Côte d'Ivoire
Cabbage is one of the main vegetable crops grown in Côte d'Ivoire. However, its production is limited by the poor insect management. This study was carried out through three vegetable areas in the division of Korhogo from July 2016 to June 2017. It aims to assess the damage caused by insect and determine their impact on the crop. Specifically, it involved identifying the insect species collected from the plants, describing their damage and determining the intensity of their attacks using an index between 0% and 100%. Observations revealed fifteen insect species. The larvae and/or adults of these insects attacked cabbage plants. The damage affects the leaves, the apical bud, the apple and the stem. The species Hellula undalis and Plutella xylostella were identified as the major pests of cabbage because they attacked respectively 57.04% of the plants with high intensity (I = 38.89 ± 21.45%) and 88.15% of the plants with a very high intensity (I = 56.11 ± 18.87%). Knowledge of these major pests and their domages could contribute to better management of these pests.
Keywords: Cabbage, intensity of attacks, Hellula undalis, Plutella xylostella, Côte d'Ivoire.
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Leskovar, Daniel I., and A. Kipp Boales. "Azadirachtin: Potential Use for Controlling Lepidopterous Insects and Increasing Marketability of Cabbage." HortScience 31, no. 3 (June 1996): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.3.405.
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Azadirachtin (ATI), an insect growth regulator derived from extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed, was evaluated for the control of cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hübner), diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.), and silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring) in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata Group) grown in southwestern Texas. In Fall 1992, ATI was tested with the a.i. at 0, 22, 33 and 44 g·ha–1. In 1993, ATI was evaluated at 33 g·ha–1 and in combination with M-Pede (1%, v/v), an organic insecticide based on potassium salts of fatty acids at 49%. Two commercial (Align and Neemix) and one experimental hydrogenated (LDF) ATI formulations were evaluated at 11 g·ha–1 in 1994. Insect populations were monitored weekly before and after treatment application. Plant damage was evaluated immediately before harvest, and marketable yields were determined. In 1992, large (>6 mm long) and total cabbage looper counts were reduced by ATI compared with the nontreated control. Insect mortality was similar for all ATI rates tested in 1992. In 1993, ATI at 33 g·ha–1 + M-Pede reduced the number of cabbage looper and diamondback moth larvae. ATI efficacy against cabbage looper and diamondback moth was enhanced when crop oil (polyol fatty acid esters with polyethoxylated derivatives) was tank-mixed with Align or LDF formulations in 1994. ATI did not reduce the number of silverleaf whitefly nymphs compared to the control. In all seasons, ATI-treated plants had lower insect-induced plant damage and higher marketable head weights than the nontreated control. Using ATI on lepidopterous pests appears to be beneficial for integrated pest management strategies.
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Jankowska, Beata, Małgorzata Poniedziałek, and Elżbieta Jędrszczyk. "Effect of intercropping white cabbage with French Marigold (Tagetes patula nana L.) and Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) on the colonization of plants by pest insects." Folia Horticulturae 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2013-0129.
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Abstract In 2003 - 2005 the impact of intercropping white cabbage ‘Bently F1’ with French Marigold (Tagetes patula nana ‘Kolombina’) and Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis ‘Promyk’) on the occurrence of pest insects was estimated. On plots where cabbage was intercropped the number of cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae L. and flea beetles Phyllotreta was significantly lower when compared with control variant (homogenous crop). Intercropping had an effect on the butterfly oviposition too. The lower number of eggs of the small white butterfly Pieris rapae L., large white butterfly P. brassicae L., cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae L. and larvae and pupae of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella L. were observed on plots with Calendula and Tagetes. Intercropping with Pot Marigold was the most effective pest control on cabbage.
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Menezes Jr., Ayres Oliveira, Adriana Yatie Mikami, André Keiiti Ide, and Maurício Ursi Ventura. "Feeding preferences of Microtheca punctigera (Achard) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for some Brassicaceae plants in multiple-choice assays." Scientia Agricola 62, no. 1 (January 2005): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162005000100014.
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Host plant feeding preference is important basic information for the development of insect management strategies. Multiple-choice feeding preference assays were conducted in the laboratory for the chrysomelid beetle, Microtheca punctigera (Achard). Feeding was assessed 72 h after onset of experiments. With one larva per Petri dish, food items comprised watercress, Nasturtium officinale L., arugula, Eruca sativa L., mustard, Brassica juncea Cosson, Chinese cabbage, B. pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.). Feeding ranking preferences were Chinese cabbage, mustard, wild radish, arugula and watercress (7.97, 1.85, 0.98, 0.36 and 0.11 mm², respectively). Feeding on Chinese cabbage was 4.31 times more intense than on mustard. The same experiment was repeated with one adult per dish. Responses of males and females were quite similar. Feeding was higher on mustard (87.2 and 142.8 for males and females, respectively). Feeding on arugula (51.5 and 132.7) and Chinese cabbage (51.8 and 89.0) were intermediate. Watercress (22.96 and 39.3) and wild radish (12.03 and 28.4) were the least preferred host plants. In a third experiment, ten larvae per dish were used and spinach, Tetragonia expansa Murr., radish, Raphanus sativus L. and collard, B. oleracea var. acephala L., were also included. Daily larval frequencies on each food were also measured. Feeding was similar on Chinese cabbage and mustard (47.89 and 53.78, respectively). Number of insects was greater on mustard, Chinese cabbage and wild radish. Probable explanations for results and proposals for further investigations are discussed.
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BROWN, J., J. P. McCAFFREY, B. L. HARMON, J. B. DAVIS, A. P. BROWN, and D. A. ERICKSON. "Effect of late season insect infestation on yield, yield components and oil quality of Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. juncea and Sinapis alba in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States." Journal of Agricultural Science 132, no. 3 (May 1999): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859699006413.
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The effect of late season insect infestation on seed yield, yield components, oil content and oil quality of two canola species (Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.) and two mustard species (B. juncea L. and Sinapis alba L.) was examined over 2 years. In each year, ten genotypes from each species were evaluated with late season insects controlled with either methyl parathion or endosulfan insecticides, and without insecticides. Major late season insect damage in 1992 was caused by cabbage seedpod weevil (Ceutorhynchus assimilis Paykull), while diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) and aphids (primarily cabbage aphids, Brevicoryne brassicae L.) were major insect pests in 1993. Insecticide application was very effective in controlling diamondback moth larvae and adult cabbage seedpod weevils, but only partially effective in controlling aphids. Higher numbers of diamondback moth larvae were observed on mustard species compared to canola species. S. alba was completely resistant to cabbage seedpod weevil and there was no damage due to this pest observed. Aphid colonization was observed on plants from all species, but infestation on S. alba and B. rapa occurred too late to have a major effect on seed yield. Seed oil content of canola species was significantly reduced by insect damage although oil quality (indicated by fatty acid profile) was not affected by insect attack. Uncontrolled insect infestation reduced seed yield of canola species by 37 and 32% in B. napus and B. rapa, respectively. Least yield reduction occurred in S. alba, where average yield reduction from plants in untreated control plots was <10% of insecticide treated plants. S. alba, therefore, has good potential as an alternative crop suitable for northern Idaho because it can be grown with reduced late season insecticide application.
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Mandal, Eeshita, Md Ruhul Amin, Habibur Rahman, and Abdul Mannan Akanda. "Abundance and foraging behavior of native insect pollinators and their effect on mustard (Brassica juncea L.)." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 46, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v46i2.39045.
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A field experiment was carried out in Gazipur, Bangladesh to find out the abundance and behavior of native insect pollinators and their impact on the yield and seed quality of mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Total 8 species of insects under 8 different families in 3 orders were found as pollinator and their abundance ranged from 0.5 to 6.6/30 sweeps. The pollinator insects revealed statistically higher abundance compared to pest, predator and other category. The pollinators were most abundant at 11.0 hrs of the day and differed in their landing duration on flower. Ant and cabbage butterfly stayed statistically similar and longer time (24.1 and 23.5 sec., respectively). The highest yield (994.3 kg/ha) was obtained from insect managed pollination treatment followed by open (759.7 kg/ha) and enclosed condition (272.3 kg/ha). Insect pollination revealed higher percentage of germination, t100-seed weight, per cent oil and protein content but the results did not differ statistically.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(2): 117-123, 2018
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Damgaard, P. H., B. M. Hansen, J. C. Pedersen, and J. Eilenberg. "Natural occurrence of Bacillus thuringiensis on cabbage foliage and in insects associated with cabbage crops." Journal of Applied Microbiology 82, no. 2 (February 1997): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1997.tb02859.x.
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Писаренко, В. М., and С. В. Пономаренко. "ОСНОВНІ ЛИСТОГРИЗУЧІ ШКІДНИКИ КАПУСТИ БІЛОГОЛОВОЇ В ПОЛТАВСЬКІЙ ОБЛАСТІ." Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, no. 1 (March 29, 2012): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2012.01.03.
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Одержання значних урожаїв капусти білоголовоївисокої якості неможливе без вчасного застосуваннязаходів із захисту її від шкідливих комах. Дослідженопитання вивчення видового складу та багаторічноїсезонної динаміки чисельності основних шкідниківкапусти білоголової в Україні та Полтавській обла-сті. В умовах Полтавської області серед спеціалізо-ваних шкідників білоголової капусти найбільш поши-реними є капустяна совка (Mamestra brassicae L.),капустяна міль Plutella maculipennis (Curt.) та біланкапустяний (Pieris brassicae L.).
Production harvests of cultivated cabbage of high qualityis impossible without timely application of measures onprotecting of it from harmful insects. The question ofstudy of specific composition and long-term seasonaldynamics of quantity of basic wreckers of cabbage isprobed in Ukraine and Poltava region. In the conditionsof the Poltava region among the specialized wreckers ofcabbage the most widespread is cabbage owlet moth(Mamestra brassicae L.) cabbage diamond-back moth(Plutella maculipennis (Curt.) and cabbage whitebutterfly (Pieris brassicae L.).
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Andreeva, I. V., E. I. Shatalova, G. V. Kalmykova, N. I. Akulova, and E. G. Ulyanova. "Susceptibility of different species of lepidoptera insects to strain Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 49, no. 6 (January 29, 2020): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2019-6-5.
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The results of assessing the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai strain on fi ve species of lepidopteran pests (Lepidoptera) belonging to different families are presented. The mortality of larvae infected with B. thuringiensis strain varied signifi cantly depending on the species of insect. In four species: the cabbage white butterfl y (Pieris brassicae L.), the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae L.), the greater wax moth (Galleria melonella L.) and the black-veined white (Aporia crataegi L.), death of individuals was noted on the second day of the experiment. However, mortality rate was signifi cantly different between species and increased over time. The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) was more susceptible to the pathogen. Signifi cant mortality of the larvae of this phytophage was observed already on the fi rst day after infection; while on the second day of the experiment all individuals died. Lethal time LT90 of more resistant species (black-veined white) and more sensitive ones (diamondback moth) differed sevenfold. Semi-lethal concentrations of B. thuringiensis strain for the tested insect species were determined: on the third day of the experiment, lethal concentration LC50 for the cabbage moth larvae, the greater wax moth and blackveined white ranged from 1.7 to 4.5 × 108 spores/ ml. For the cabbage white butterfl y, it was much lower (1.8×107 spores/ml). For diamondback moth caterpillars, LC50 was 4.25×107 spores/ml already one day after infection. It was noted that the specifi city of B. thuringiensis strain is associated with various mechanisms of insect protection from pathogens, and is due to individual characteristics of the species. In particular, the pH of excrement of intact caterpillars of the cabbage white butterfl y, a species sensitive to B. thuringiensis, was 2 times higher than that of caterpillars of the greater wax moth – 8.9 and 4.3, respectively, which is one of the reasons for the susceptibility (or resistance) of the species to bacterial entomopathogen.
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Sandanayaka, W. R. M., A. Chhagan, and P. Ramankutty. "Host plant testing of the spittle bug carystoterpa fingens by stylet penetration behaviour." New Zealand Plant Protection 60 (August 1, 2007): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2007.60.4613.
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Carystoterpa fingens (Walker) is an endemic xylem feeder It was chosen as a model insect for the glassy winged sharp shooter (Homalodisca coagulata (Say)) The electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique was used to measure realtime stylet penetration and feeding behaviour of 48 adult C fingens on four plant types hebe (Hebe pubescens) rengarenga lily (Arthropodium cirratum) wild iris (Dietes bicolor) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea) over 12 days EPG waveforms were recorded for 12 hours and the duration of the main penetration events (pathway ingestion and nonprobing phases) of the insects were analysed to compare host preferences There were no significant differences in the duration of ingestion indicating that all the plants were potential hosts for C fingens Insects on hebe showed the shortest nonprobing time suggesting that hebe was the most preferred host as expected from observations in the wild
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Jovanović, Bojana, Olivera Petrović-Obradović, Bogoljub Zečević, Suzana Pavlović, and Jelena Damnjanović. "Economically significant pests of vegetable crops in Smederevska Palanka." Biljni lekar 48, no. 5 (2020): 475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2005475j.
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The aim of this research was to determine insect pests on vegetable crops in Smederevska Palanka area. By using standard methods, equipment and tools, insect pests that caused significant and less significant damages have been determined on vegetable crops: pepper, tomato, cucumber, melon, zucchini, cabbage, pea, bean, spinach and beet at the arable area at the Institute for Vegetable Crops. The most significant insect pests, causing the most damages were Frankliniella occidentalis and Tuta absoluta, and also several species of aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae, Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis fabae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae), stink bugs (Nezara viridula, Eurydema spp.) and flea beetle (Phyllotreta spp.). These insects caused direct and indirect damages. The most significant damages have been noted in green houses due to favourable conditions for insect reproduction and sufficient food supplies.
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Thuler, Robson Thomaz, Fernando Henrique Iost Filho, Hamilton César De Oliveira Charlo, and Sergio Antônio De Bortoli. "Effects of rhizobacteria on the biology and behavior of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." Revista Colombiana de Entomología 43, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v43i2.5943.
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Plant induced resistance is a tool for integrated pest management, aimed at increasing plant defense against stress, which is compatible with other techniques. Rhizobacteria act in the plant through metabolic changes and may have direct effects on plant-feeding insects. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cabbage plants inoculated with rhizobacteria on the biology and behavior of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Cabbage seeds inoculated with 12 rhizobacteria strains were sowed in polystyrene trays and later transplanted into the greenhouse. The cabbage plants with sufficient size to support stress were then infested with diamondback moth caterpillars. Later, healthy leaves suffering injuries were collected and taken to the laboratory to feed P. xylostella second instar caterpillars that were evaluated for larval and pupal viability and duration, pupal weight, and sex ratio. The reduction of leaf area was then calculated as a measure of the amount of larval feeding. Non-preference for feeding and oviposition assays were also performed, by comparing the control treatment and plants inoculated with different rhizobacterial strains. Plants inoculated with the strains EN4 of Kluyvera ascorbata and HPF14 of Bacillus thuringiensis negatively affected the biological characteristics of P. xylostella when such traits were evaluated together, without directly affecting the insect behavior.
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Ullah, Hamid, Ibrar Muhammad, Waheed Ullah, Farzana Parveen, and Sohail Aslam. "Insects Associated With Tea and Their Identification at Ntri (Shinkiari) Mansehra, Pakistan." Journal of Biology and Life Science 5, no. 2 (July 9, 2014): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v5i2.5233.
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Tea plants are visited by different types of insects including tea pests and pollinator. The objective of the study was to identify tea associated insects in National Tea Research Institute (NTRI), Mansehra, Pakistan during April-June 2012. A collection of tea associated insects was made during April-June 2012 in Tea Experimental Garden (TEG), NTRI, Mansehra, Pakistan. A total of 128 samples were collected from TEG randomly. During the present research, 10 species were identified. Species collected were brush-footed butterfly, Argynnis hyperbius (Linnaeus, 1763); painted lady, Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758), Lucerne butterfly, Colias electo (Linnaeus, 1763)( Nymphalidae); small cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758), white cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758)( Pieridae); Asiatic honey bee, Apis cerana Fabricius, 1793, Western honey bee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758(Apidae); seven-spot ladybird Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758)( Coccinellidae); blue marsh hawk Orthetrum glaucum (Brauer, 1865), Crimson-tailed marsh hawk, Orthetrum pruinosum neglectum (Rambur, 1842)( Libellulidae). Different numbers of individuals were collected of each species. Seventeen individuals of P. brassicae, 16 of C. septempunctata, 15 of P. rapae, 14 of C. electo, 13 of V. cardui and A. cerana, 10 of A. mellifera, 9 of O. pruinosum neglectum and 7 of O. glaucum.It is concluded that there is a diversity to explain tea associated insects in NTRI, Mansehra, Pakistan.
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Stankevych, S. V., M. D. Yevtushenko, and A. V. Matsyura. "Host plants as reservoirs of the main oil-producing cabbage crops pests in the eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_289.
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Considering the geographical position of Ukraine, which is Such biotic factor as the vegetation distribution, which is the forage base for most insects, influences their spreading greatly. This connection is strongly expressed among the harmful herbivorous insects. The presence and distribution of the plants which are cultivated or used by humans and on which the insects are fed is certainly the first and basic condition for the emergence of a zone or a breeding ground of harmfulness. The presence of the most preferred by the insects fodder plants often leads to the formation of a zone or a center of the greatest damage (in the presence of other favorable conditions for the existence and reproduction of the pest). In the course of the researches concerning the identification of the host plants as reservoirs of the main oil producing cabbage crops pests which have been conducted in 2011–2014 in the communities (meadows, roadsides of highways and field perimeters) of the Kharkiv district of the Kharkiv region it has been found out the host plants as reservoirs for the dominant pests of the oil producing cabbage crops were dandelion, caustic buttercup, field mustard, hedge mustard, tansy mustard, yellow rocket and field shepherd’s purse. The largest number of species of the host plants as reservoirs was found on the roadsides of highways and along the field perimeters (6 species) and on the meadows (2 species).The cruciferous fleas, rape blossom beetles and cruciferous bugs visited such crops as field mustard, hedge mustard and yellow rocket most often. Field shepherd’s purse was the least significant among the identified host plants as reservoirs. Only a small amount of the cabbage fleas fed on this crop. This fact can be explained by the small white flowers that do not attract the rape blossom beetles and rose chafers as well as by a ground flat leaf rosette, which is always covered with dust and prevents the fleas and bugs from feeding.
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Cheung, W. W. K., and J. B. Wang. "Regional differentiation of the malpighian tubules of Pieris canidia larva: An electron microscopic study." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 716–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100123982.
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Malpighian tubules in insects arose primarily for the purpose of hydromineral regulation. In the small cabbage white Pieris canidia larva there are six tubules, with three on each side of the body. Together with the common cabbage white Pieris brassicae larva they are frequently encountered pests on cruciferous plants. Although physiological studies on the functions of Pieris brassicae larval malpighian tubules have been well documented, detailed ultrastructural studies on these tubules have not been thoroughly studied. For the sake of further understanding on how these malpighian tubules function an electron microscopic study of different regions of the malpighian tubules of Pieris canidia have been carried out.
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Yang, Jun, Hao Guo, Nan-Ji Jiang, Rui Tang, Guo-Cheng Li, Ling-Qiao Huang, Joop J. A. van Loon, and Chen-Zhu Wang. "Identification of a gustatory receptor tuned to sinigrin in the cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): e1009527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009527.
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Glucosinolates are token stimuli in host selection of many crucifer specialist insects, but the underlying molecular basis for host selection in these insects remains enigmatic. Using a combination of behavioral, electrophysiological, and molecular methods, we investigate glucosinolate receptors in the cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae. Sinigrin, as a potent feeding stimulant, elicited activity in larval maxillary lateral sensilla styloconica, as well as in adult medial tarsal sensilla. Two P. rapae gustatory receptor genes PrapGr28 and PrapGr15 were identified with high expression in female tarsi, and the subsequent functional analyses showed that Xenopus oocytes only expressing PrapGr28 had specific responses to sinigrin; when ectopically expressed in Drosophila sugar sensing neurons, PrapGr28 conferred sinigrin sensitivity to these neurons. RNA interference experiments further showed that knockdown of PrapGr28 reduced the sensitivity of adult medial tarsal sensilla to sinigrin. Taken together, we conclude that PrapGr28 is a gustatory receptor tuned to sinigrin in P. rapae, which paves the way for revealing the molecular basis of the relationships between crucifer plants and their specialist insects.
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Bodenhausen, Natacha, and Philippe Reymond. "Signaling Pathways Controlling Induced Resistance to Insect Herbivores in Arabidopsis." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 20, no. 11 (November 2007): 1406–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-20-11-1406.
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Insect attack triggers changes in transcript level in plants that are mediated predominantly by jasmonic acid (JA). The implication of ethylene (ET), salicylic acid (SA), and other signals in this response is less understood and was monitored with a microarray containing insect- and defense-regulated genes. Arabidopsis thaliana mutants coi1-1, ein2-1, and sid2-1 impaired in JA, ET, and SA signaling pathways were challenged with the specialist small cabbage white (Pieris rapae) and the generalist Egyptian cotton worm (Spodoptera littoralis). JA was shown to be a major signal controlling the upregulation of defense genes in response to either insect but was found to suppress changes in transcript level only in response to P. rapae. Larval growth was affected by the JA-dependent defenses, but S. littoralis gained much more weight on coi1-1 than P. rapae. ET and SA mutants had an altered transcript profile after S. littoralis herbivory but not after P. rapae herbivory. In contrast, both insects yielded similar transcript signatures in the abscisic acid (ABA)-biosynthetic mutants aba2-1 and aba3-1, and ABA controlled transcript levels both negatively and positively in insect-attacked plants. In accordance with the transcript signature, S. littoralis larvae performed better on aba2-1 mutants. This study reveals a new role for ABA in defense against insects in Arabidopsis and identifies some components important for plant resistance to herbivory.
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Shelton, A. M., M. K. Kroening, S. D. Eigenbrode, C. Petzold, M. P. Hoffmann, J. A. Wyman, W. T. Wilsey, R. J. Cooley, and L. H. Pedersen. "Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Contamination of Cabbage Transplants and the Potential for Insecticide Resistance Problems." Journal of Entomological Science 31, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-31.3.347.
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Samples collected from 1989 to 1992 document that the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) was introduced into New York in early spring on cabbage, Brassica oleracea capitata (L.), transplants grown in the southern United States. During 1989, transplant shipments from five transplant companies in Florida, Georgia and Maryland were sampled for P. xylostella. In 1989, average seasonal infestations per transplant company ranged from 1.3 to 3.5 P. xylostella per 100 transplants. During June, when the majority of transplants arrived in New York, P. xylostella infestations were as high as 12.8 insects per 100 transplants on an individual shipment. Infestations by cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), imported cabbageworm, Artogeia (=Pieris) rapae (L.), and cabbage webworm, Hellula rogatalis (Hulst), on an individual shipment were as high as 19.7 insects per 100 transplants. Compared with a standard susceptible field population, the P. xylostella which were collected from transplants demonstrated moderate to high (> than 100-fold in one case) levels of resistance to permethrin or methomyl. In 1990, average seasonal infestations per transplant company varied from 0.3 to 12.0 P. xylostella per 100 plants, but an individual shipment from Florida had 30.4 P. xylostella per 100 transplants. A population of P. xylostella collected in 1990 from Florida transplants had >200-fold resistance to methomyl. Despite intensive treatments, a New York grower who used the transplants with high contamination of resistant P. xylostella was unable to achieve acceptable control in his field. Samples collected from 1989 to 1992 from a transplant grower in Maryland indicate that better management in the field can reduce contamination levels to < 0.5%. The introduction of P. xylostella, especially those resistant to insecticides, on transplants poses a serious threat to cabbage growers and interregional management strategies should be adopted.
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Niemann, Janetta, Justyna Szwarc, Jan Bocianowski, Dorota Weigt, and Marek Mrówczyński. "In-field screening for host plant resistance to Delia radicum and Brevicoryne brassicae within selected rapeseed cultivars and new interspecific hybrids." Open Life Sciences 15, no. 1 (September 22, 2020): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2020-0074.
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AbstractRapeseed (Brassica napus) can be attacked by a wide range of pests, for example, cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) and cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae). One of the best methods of pest management is breeding for insect resistance in rapeseed. Wild genotypes of Brassicaceae and rapeseed cultivars can be used as a source of resistance. In 2017, 2018, and 2019, field trials were performed to assess the level of resistance to D. radicum and B. brassicae within 53 registered rapeseed cultivars and 31 interspecific hybrid combinations originating from the resources of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of Poznań University of Life Sciences (PULS). The level of resistance varied among genotypes and years. Only one hybrid combination and two B. napus cultivars maintained high level of resistance in all tested years, i.e., B. napus cv. Jet Neuf × B. carinata – PI 649096, Galileus, and Markolo. The results of this research indicate that resistance to insects is present in Brassicaceae family and can be transferred to rapeseed cultivars. The importance of continuous improvement of rapeseed pest resistance and the search for new sources of resistance is discussed; furthermore, plans for future investigations are presented.
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Jansson, R. K., G. L. Leibee, C. A. Sanchez, and S. H. Lecrone. "Effects of nitrogen and foliar biomass on population parameters of cabbage insects." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 61, no. 1 (October 1991): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1991.tb02390.x.
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Jost, Douglas J., and Henry N. Pitre. "Soybean Looper and Cabbage Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Cotton and Soybean Cropping Systems in Mississippi." Journal of Entomological Science 37, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-37.3.227.
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Colonization and abundance of soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), adults and larvae were monitored in cotton and soybean cropping systems in the Delta region of Mississippi for three growing seasons (1994–1996). Soybean looper and cabbage looper adults were initially observed in pheromone traps during the last week of May or first week of June, although adults may have been present in the collection area prior to trap establishment. Adult populations of both species remained low until early August, after which moth density increased coincident with the bloom stages of cotton and soybean. Larvae were first collected from the crops when plants were in bloom, with the greatest increase in population density occurring in early to mid-August. Although samples were not taken after mid-August, looper populations generally decline to low levels during September in Mississippi. More soybean looper larvae usually were collected from soybean than in cotton, whereas fewer cabbage looper larvae were collected from soybean than cotton. Cabbage looper larvae were collected in soybean on the same sample date in 1995, but approximately 5 wk after soybean looper larvae in 1996. The occurrence of soybean and cabbage loopers in cotton and soybean agroecosystems in Mississippi appears to be similar to patterns of activity recorded for these insects 20 to 40 years ago in other areas of the southeastern United States.
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Schoenherr, Andrew P., Eric Rizzo, Natasha Jackson, Patricia Manosalva, and S. Karen Gomez. "Mycorrhiza-Induced Resistance in Potato Involves Priming of Defense Responses Against Cabbage Looper (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)." Environmental Entomology 48, no. 2 (January 31, 2019): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvy195.
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Abstract Most plants form mutualistic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that are ubiquitous in soils. Through this symbiosis, plants can withstand abiotic and biotic stresses. The underlying molecular mechanisms involved in mediating mycorrhiza-induced resistance against insects needs further research, and this is particularly true for potato (Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae)), which is the fourth most important crop worldwide. In this study, the tripartite interaction between potato, the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis (Glomerales: Glomeraceae), and cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was examined to determine whether potato exhibits mycorrhiza-induced resistance against this insect. Plant growth, insect fitness, AM fungal colonization of roots, and transcript levels of defense-related genes were measured in shoots and roots after 5 and 8 d of herbivory on mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants. AM fungal colonization of roots did not have an effect on potato growth, but root colonization levels increased by herbivory. Larval weight gain was reduced after 8 d of feeding on mycorrhizal plants compared with nonmycorrhizal plants. Systemic upregulation of Allene Oxide Synthase 1 (AOS1), 12-Oxo-Phytodienoate Reductase 3 (OPR3) (jasmonic acid pathway), Protease Inhibitor Type I (PI-I) (anti-herbivore defense), and Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) transcripts (phenylpropanoid pathway) was found during the tripartite interaction. Together, these findings suggest that potato may exhibit mycorrhiza-induced resistance to cabbage looper by priming anti-herbivore defenses aboveground. This study illustrates how mycorrhizal potato responds to herbivory by a generalist-chewing insect and serves as the basis for future studies involving tripartite interactions with other pests.
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Pedersen, Jens Christian, Bjarne Munk Hansen, Per Hyldebrink Damgaard, and Jørgen Eilenberg. "Dispersal ofBacillus thuringiensisvar.kurstakiin an experimental cabbage field." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-016.
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The field population dynamics of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki DMU67R isolated from cabbage leaves was investigated. Two experimental cabbage plots were spray inoculated with a suspension of sporulated bacteria containing 6.5 × 107colony-forming units (cfu)/mL DMU67R or with a sterile medium control. To study transport between phyllosphere and soil, plastic covering was used during spraying to ensure that DMU67R was applied only on leaves (8.5 × 106cfu/g) or on soil (1.2 × 104cfu/g). Numbers of DMU67R declined five log units during the first 4 weeks after spraying of leaves; the initial half-life (1st week) was 16 h. In topsoil, however, a long-term persistency was demonstrated with a half-life exceeding 100 days. Dispersal by rain splash from topsoil to lower leaves of cabbage was demonstrated. After 1 year, analysis of the top 15 cm of soil showed that 77% of DMU67R remained in the 0- to 2-cm topsoil layer. When DMU67R was applied on leaves, larvae of Pieris brassicae were killed within 7 days after spraying. Germination of DMU67R was demonstrated in dead P. brassicae larvae but not in any leaf or soil sample. Pitfall sampling demonstrated dispersal of DMU67R by means of carabid beetles (up to 135 m) and other surface-active insects carrying 102–103 cfu/g wet mass.Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, Pieris brassicae, cabbage, soil, dispersal, population dynamics.
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Stankevych, S. V., M. D. Yevtushenko, I. V. Zabrodina, and A. V. Matsyura. "Pests of oil producing cabbage crops in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 5 (October 20, 2020): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_234.
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Today the major oil producing crops from the Brassicaceae family in the world and Ukraine are winter rape (Brassica napus oleifera bienis D. C.) and spring rape (Brassica napus oleifera annua Metzg.). At present the acreage of these crops in the world is over 40 million hectares, and in Ukraine there are more than 1 million hectares. Less common crops are white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and Chinese mustard (Brassica juncea Gzem.). The world acreage under the mustard crops is about 3,0 million hectares (in Ukraine there are about 100 thousand hectares). Other oil producing crops from the cabbage family such as spring winter cress (Brassica campestris L.), winter rape (Brassica rapa oleifera DC), winter false flax (Camelina sativa subsp. pilosa N. Zinge), spring false flax (Camelina sativa var. Glabrata (DC.), oily radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers) and black mustard (Brassica nigra (L.) Koch) occupy only a small area, while the Abyssinian mustard (Crambe abyssinica Hosts. ex. RE Fr.) is not grown in our country at all. It is impossible to obtain high and stable yields of all agricultural crops without protection of plants from the harmful insects. The losses of the crops due to the pests are huge, especially during the mass reproduction of the insects. The entomocomplex of agroceonoses of oil producing cabbage crops is extremely rich and contains several hundred species. As a result of their vital functions more than 50% of the crops can be lost and as far as 25-55% growth increase in the yield can be reached due to the pollinating insects. Despite the short-term existence of agroceonoses of spring oil producing cabbage crops (90-120 days) their entomofauna is characterised by a considerable diversity of species composition. During the vegetation periods in 2007–2019 in the fields of the Educational, Research and Production Centre “Research Field” of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaiev and the State Enterprise “Research Farm “Elitne” of the Institute of Plant Growing named after V.Ya. Yuriev of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine we have found 54 species of specialised and multi-faceted pests of oil producing cabbage crops that belong to eight lines and 22 families. Among them 29 species are the specialised pests and 25 are multi-faceted ones. The frequency of the pest species occurrence on the crops is the following: eight species (15%) populate the crops on a mass scale, six species (11%) are moderately spread, and 40 species (74%) have a low population density. The cabbage bug, mustard bug, ground cabbage aphid, rose chafer, rape blossom beetle, mesographe flea beetle, flea beetle and diamond black moth belong to the species that populate the crops on a mass scale. Among them four species belong to the Coleoptera line, two species belong to the Hemiptera line, one species belong to the Homoptera line and one species belong to the Lepidoptera line. The representatives of the Coleoptera line dominate; their proportion in the entomological community structure is 48% (26 species). The economic importance of these pests is not the same and greatly depends on the population density and phenophase of the crop development as well as on weather conditions.
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Cheng, Chia-Ming, Shu-Fan Wang, Chin-Hung Teng, and Shang-Hong Lai. "Image-based three-dimensional model reconstruction for Chinese treasure—Jadeite Cabbage with Insects." Computers & Graphics 32, no. 6 (December 2008): 682–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2008.08.001.
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ERICKSON, MARILYN C., JEAN LIAO, ALISON S. PAYTON, DAVID G. RILEY, CATHY C. WEBB, LINDSEY E. DAVEY, SOPHIA KIMBREL, et al. "Preharvest Internalization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 into Lettuce Leaves, as Affected by Insect and Physical Damage." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 10 (October 1, 2010): 1809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.10.1809.
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Environmental pests may serve as reservoirs and vectors of zoonotic pathogens to leafy greens; however, it is unknown whether insect pests feeding on plant tissues could redistribute these pathogens present on the surface of leaves to internal sites. This study sought to differentiate the degree of tissue internalization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 when applied at different populations on the surface of lettuce and spinach leaves, and to ascertain whether lettuce-infesting insects or physical injury could influence the fate of either surface or internalized populations of this enteric pathogen. No internalization of E. coli O157:H7 occurred when lettuce leaves were inoculated with 4.4 log CFU per leaf, but it did occur when inoculated with 6.4 log CFU per leaf. Internalization was statistically greater when spinach leaves were inoculated on the abaxial (underside) than when inoculated on the adaxial (topside) side, and when the enteric pathogen was spread after surface inoculation. Brief exposure (~18 h) of lettuce leaves to insects (5 cabbage loopers, 10 thrips, or 10 aphids) prior to inoculation with E. coli O157:H7 resulted in significantly reduced internalized populations of the pathogen within these leaves after approximately 2 weeks, as compared with leaves not exposed to insects. Surface-contaminated leaves physically injured through file abrasions also had significantly reduced populations of both total and internalized E. coli O157:H7 as compared with nonabraded leaves 2 weeks after pathogen exposure.
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Servín, Rosalía, Jos L. Martínez, E. Troyo-Diguez, and A. Ortega. "Toxicological Assays in Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) from Cabbage Plots in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 830C—830. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.830c.
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The sweetpotato whitefly [Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)] has become a high-risk insect pest in Mexico as well as in other countries, causing serious damage to several crops. Control of whitefly in Baja California Sur, ,Mexico, is usually done by intense insecticides applications, either alone or in mixtures of several kinds. The aim in this work was to determine its susceptibility to cypermethrin, endosulfan, methamidophos, and methyl-parathion. LC50 was obtained to identify the resistant and susceptible populations. A group of 20 whiteflies were introduced in a 20-ml scintillation vial coated in the inner surface with a known concentration of the insecticide. Mortality readings were obtained 3 h after exposing the insects to the residual activity at five concentrations. Five replications and control were run in different consecutive days for each bioassay. Results indicated that cypermethrin was the most toxic to B. tabaci and metamidophos the least. Data will be considered for further evaluations.
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Baidoo, P. K., and M. B. Mochiah. "Comparing the Effectiveness of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Hot Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) in the Management of the Major Pests of Cabbage Brassica oleracea (L.)." Sustainable Agriculture Research 5, no. 2 (April 10, 2016): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n2p83.
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<p>The use of chemical insecticides in crop production has resulted in increased food production in Africa, but their use has resulted in the destruction of beneficial organisms and development of resistance by some insects to the insecticides. The effectiveness of garlic <em>Allium sativum</em> and hot pepper, <em>Capsicum frutescens</em> in controlling the pests of cabbage, <em>Brassica oleracea</em> was evaluated. These botanicals were compared with a standard chemical insecticide Attack® (Emamectin benzoate). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with 3 treatments and a control, each of which was replicated 3 times. <em>Plutella xylostella, Brevicoryne brassicae, Hellula undalis</em> and <em>Trichoplusia ni</em> were found on cabbage plants. Significantly fewer of them were found on the treated plants than the control plants. The use of the plant extracts resulted in a reduction in mortality ranging from 10.76% to 55.94%. Fewer natural enemies of <em>B. brassicae</em> were sampled on the insecticide-sprayed plots than the garlic and pepper-sprayed plots. The cost of protecting cabbage plants from insect infestation using Attack was higher than the botanicals. Garlic-treated plots recorded the highest cost: benefit ratio of 1:16 while Attack®-treated plots recorded the least of 1: 9.2. The control effects of the botanicals compared favourably with that of the chemical insecticides. Thus these botanicals can be used as substitutes to chemical insecticides.</p>
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Sorensen, K. A., and C. Wade Holloway. "Control of Lepidopterous Larvae with Insecticides, Pasquotank Co., NC, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.78a.
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Abstract ‘Blue Vantage’ cabbage was transplanted in late Jul near Weeksville, NC. Single row plots, 10 ft long on 42 inch centers were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 5 ft were used between replicates. Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backsprayer using a single hollow cone nozzle (18X) operating at 60 psi to deliver 54.5 gpa. Applications with Trigard AG-98 (spreader) were made with all treatments 22 Aug and 13, 20, and 27 Sep. No applications were applied between 22 Aug and 13 Sep. Counts were extremely low, and we allowed the DBM and CL populations to increase. A slight increase occurred and we applied treatments on 13 Sep. Visual estimates of foliar damage and insect counts were made 20 and 27 Sep and 3 Oct. No insects were present on 3 Oct.