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Journal articles on the topic 'Cabernet franc'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 May 2024

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1

Barbeau, Gérard, Sylvain Bournand, Réjane Champenois, Marie-Hélène Bouvet, Alain Blin, and Michel Cosneau. "The behaviour of four red grapevine varieties of Val de Loire according to climatic variables." OENO One 38, no. 1 (March 31, 2004): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2004.38.1.927.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">The behaviour of 4 grapevine varieties - Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Gamay noir and Grolleau noir – was studied from 1988 to 1998 at the INRA experimental Station, in Montreuil-Bellay, France. Very contrasted climatic years occurred within this period. The study of some phenological stages allowed to classify the varieties in 2 groups of maturation : early for Gamay and Grolleau, late for Cabernets. The former had large berries (&gt;2 g), the latter small berries (&lt;1,5 g). Sugar content of Cabernets and Gamay was much higher than for Grolleau, respectively &gt;190 g/L and &lt;170 g/L. For a same maturity index, titratable acidity of Gamay was higher than Grolleau, and Cabernet Sauvignon higher than Cabernet franc. Malic acid was identified as explaining better the acidity level. The anthocyanin content and polyphenolic index of late varieties was superior to those of the precocious ones. The variety and the climate of the vintage play an important role on final grape composition. Berry weight, sugar content, titratable acidity and malic acid could be explained by simple climatic variables, mainly temperature and rainfall during the vegetative cycle as well as wind velocity before harvest. For the phenolic compounds, the analysis looked more complex ; it seemed that the climatic variables had only a minor effect after veraison, but the role of each one of them before this stage is still to be understood.</p>
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2

Stafne, Eric T., B. Dean McCraw, William G. McGlynn, and R. Keith Striegler. "EFFECT OF ROOTSTOCK ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF `CABERNET FRANC' (VITIS VINIFERA) IN OKLAHOMA." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 512B—512. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.512b.

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Rootstocks can offer benefits such as pest resistance, tolerance of certain soil characteristics and tolerance of salts and salinity. The objective of this study was to determine if `Cabernet Franc' grafted onto various rootstocks differed in a number of measured yield and quality variables. The plots consisted of Clone 1 `Cabernet Franc' with four different rootstocks: 1103 Paulsen, 140 Ruggeri, 3309 Couderc, and St. George. Rootstock did not have much effect on the yield or quality of fruit produced by `Cabernet Franc'. Although not significantly different, the overall yield of 3309C appears to be lower than the other rootstocks. With further data, it might be possible to identify annual climate patterns that favor one rootstock over another with respect to certain quality attributes. One particular problem with `Cabernet Franc' in Oklahoma is its tendency to overbear, thus resulting in uneven ripening.
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Giudice, Danielle Lo, Tony K. Wolf, and Richard P. Marini. "Vegetative Response of Vitis vinifera to Prohexadione-calcium." HortScience 38, no. 7 (December 2003): 1435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.38.7.1435.

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Prohexadione-calcium (prohexadione-Ca) was evaluated for its ability to suppress vegetative growth of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) under field conditions. Two or three applications of 250 mg·L-1 prohexadione-Ca reduced primary shoot growth of `Cabernet Sauvignon', but had little effect on other canopy characteristics or cane pruning weights. The reduction of shoot growth was not persistent and shoot hedging was ultimately needed to avoid canopy shading. Similarly, three applications of either 125, 250, or 375 mg·L-1 prohexadione-Ca reduced `Cabernet franc' shoot growth, but again did not eliminate the need for shoot hedging. Cane pruning weights of `Cabernet franc' were unaffected by treatment, and canopy characteristics were generally not improved. Two prebloom and one postbloom application of 250 mg·L-1 prohexadione-Ca were evaluated on `Cabernet franc' and `Chardonnay' in separate field experiments. The prebloom treatments retarded shoot growth of `Chardonnay', but had no effects on `Cabernet franc' shoot characteristics. To retard shoot growth, prohexadione-Ca had to be applied prior to bloom; however, prebloom applications had the potential for severe reductions in crop yield.
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Staff, S. L., D. C. Percival, J. A. Sullivan, and K. H. Fisher. "Fruit zone leaf removal influences vegetative, yield, disease, fruit composition, and wine sensory attributes of Vitis vinifera L. 'Optima' and 'Cabernet franc'." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p95-184.

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The influence of fruit zone leaf removal treatments (0, 50, and 100%) on grapevine canopy structure, incidence of bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.), yield components, fruit and wine composition and wine sensory attributes was studied on Vitis vinifera L. 'Optima' and 'Cabernet franc'. The 50 and 100% leaf removal reduced leaf layer number, percent interior leaves and percent interior clusters. Yield was reduced between 29 and 46%. Severity of bunch rot in Optima and incidence and severity for Cabernet franc were reduced by leaf removal. Leaf removal improved colour, aroma and palatability of both Optima and Cabernet franc wines. Key words: Botrytis cinerea, defoliation, canopy management
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Anzanello, Rafael, Tainan Graeff Tasso, Cláudia Martellet Fogaça, Adeliano Cargnin, Leo Duc Haa Carson Schwartzhaupt da Conceição, Gabriele Becker Delwing Sartori, and Amanda Heemann Junges. "Agronomic evaluation of ‘Riesling Itálico’, ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Cabernet Franc’ grapevine clones." Pesquisa Agropecuária Gaúcha 28, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36812/pag.202228148-57.

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This study aimed to evaluate clones of ‘Riesling Itálico’, ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Cabernet Franc’ grapevines that best adapt to the edaphoclimatic conditions in Veranópolis, RS. The experiment was carried out at the State Center for Diagnosis and Research in Fruticulture - DDPA/SEAPDR. Three 'Riesling Itálico' clones (ISV-1, RI12V23, VCR-365), four 'Chardonnay' clones (INRA-95, INRA-132, INRA-548, VCR-6), four 'Merlot' clones (INRA-181, INRA-347, VCR-13, VCR-494) and seven 'Cabernet Franc' clones (INRA-212, INRA-214, ISV-8, ISV-101, VCR-2, VCR- 4, VCR-10) were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with 4 replications and 10 plants per plot. The clones were evaluated in the 2020/2021 cycle for phenology (budburst and maturation dates), production (kg/plant, ton/ha weight/bunch) and fruit quality (soluble solids-SS, titratable acidity-AT, pH). The results showed the potentiality of the clone RI12V23 for 'Riesling Itálico', INRA-132 for 'Chardonnay', VCR-13 for 'Merlot' and VCR-10 for 'Cabernet Franc'. The 'Riesling Itálico' and 'Chardonnay' clones showed greater production precocity than the 'Merlot' and 'Cabernet Franc' clones.
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6

Rizzon, Luiz Antenor, and Alberto Miele. "Acidez na vinificação em tinto das uvas Isabel, Cabernet Sauvignon e Cabernet Franc." Ciência Rural 32, no. 3 (June 2002): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782002000300023.

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A acidez é uma das características gustativas mais importantes dos vinhos e influencia sua estabilidade e coloração. Devido à insolubilização do ácido tartárico sob a forma de sais, a acidez titulável e o pH podem ser alterados durante a vinificação de acordo com o teor de potássio da uva. Este trabalho avaliou a evolução da acidez durante a vinificação de três cultivares de uvas tintas (Isabel - Vitis labrusca -, Cabernet Sauvignon e Cabernet Franc - Vitis vinifera) da Serra Gaúcha. Os vinhos foram elaborados por microvinificação na safra de 1995, sendo avaliados a evolução da acidez titulável, pH, ácido tartárico e potássio imediatamente após o esmagamento da uva, na descuba e após a fermentação alcoólica, a fermentação malolática e a estabilização tartárica, totalizando análises em cinco fases da vinificação. Os resultados mostraram uma evolução diferente da acidez, avaliados através do pH, da acidez titulável, do ácido tartárico e do potássio, na vinificação em tinto da uva Isabel em relação à Cabernet Sauvignon e à Cabernet Franc, nas fases compreendidas entre o esmagamento da uva e a descuba. O vinho Isabel se caracterizou por apresentar teores mais elevados de acidez titulável e ácido tartárico e mais baixos de potássio e pH, em relação aos vinhos Cabernet Sauvignon e Cabernet Franc.
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Würz, Douglas André, José Luiz Marcon Filho, Alberto Fontanella Brighenti, Ricardo Allebrandt, Betina Pereira de Bem, Maicon Magro, Leo Rufato, and Aike Anneliese Kretzschmar. "Effect of shoot topping intensity on 'Cabernet Franc' grapevine maturity in high-altitude region." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, no. 10 (October 2017): 946–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017001000015.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition of 'Cabernet Franc' grape subjected to different levels of shoot topping. The experiment was conducted in the 2008 and 2009 vintages, and the levels of shoot topping consisted of: control, without topping; and reductions of 15, 30, and 45% in total leaf area. The effect of shoot topping intensity on the chemical composition of the 'Cabernet Franc' grape berries was observed. A reduction of 26% in the vegetative canopy through a moderate shoot topping increased the total polyphenol index and the anthocyanin content. Shoot topping is a practice that must be carried out with caution, since severe shoot topping, i.e., a reduction greater than 26% of the leaf area, may negatively impact grape quality by reducing the content of soluble solids and decreasing the total polyphenol index and the content of anthocyanins of 'Cabernet Franc' grape berries.
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Ide, Gilberto Massashi, and Carlos Eugênio Daudt. "EVOLUÇÃO DA COR DURANTE A MATURAÇÃO DAS UVAS TINTAS." Ciência Rural 23, no. 2 (August 1993): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84781993000200020.

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Foram feitos estudos de tonalidade e intensidade de cor na película e na polpa durante o desenvolvimento e a maturação da uva das cultivares Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Pinot Noir (Vitis vinifera) e Isabel (Vitis labrusca) nas safras de 1990 e 1991. A tonalidade na película diminuiu acentuadamente no início do desenvolvimento das bagas estabilizando-se após a "veraison". As boas condições climáticas (baixa precipitação pluviométrica e umidade, alta insolação) da safra de 1991 tiveram pouca influência sobre a tonalidade. A intensidade de cor na película aumentou durante a maturação da uva e as condições climáticas de 1991 propiciaram maior intensidade nas cultivares Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc e Merlot pouco influindo, no entanto, nas cultivares Pinot Noir e Isabel. Na polpa houve estabilidade da intensidade de cor, porém, a tonalidade apresentou-se variável com tendência a estabilizar-se durante a maturação.
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9

Staff, Sue-Ann E. "LEAF REMOVAL INFLUENCES CANOPY STRUCTURE, BUNCH ROT AND YIELD WITH VITIS VINIFERA L. CVS. OPTIMA AND CABERNET FRANC." HortScience 28, no. 5 (May 1993): 460d—460. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.460d.

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Leaf removal treatments were applied to Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Optima and Cabernet Franc in the Canadian Niagara Region in 1992. Treatments consisted of removing 0% (no leaves), 50% (every other leaf) and 100% (all leaves) from the shoot origin to the most distal cluster when berries were pea-sized. Data was collected on canopy structure, occurrence of bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.), yield, must and wine quality. Application of the 50% and 100% leaf removal (LR) treatments reduced leaf layer number (LLN), percent interior leaves (PIL) and percent interior clusters (PIC) with both cultivars. The influence of LR on LLN, PIL and PIC was greatest for the 100% treatment compared to 50% and 0% This resulted in a reduction in the severity of bunch rot with Optima and a reduction in the incidence and severity with the disease tolerant cultivar Cabernet Franc. The 50% and 100% LR reduced yield per vine by 33% and 46% respectively with Optima and by 32% and 29% respectively with Cabernet Franc. Average berry weight of the 50% and 100% treatments was significantly lower for Cabernet Franc. Within both cultivars, there was no significant effect of treatment on the number of clusters and number of berries per cluster. Significant influence of the treatments on the must and wine quality was also noted.
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Rizzon, Luiz Antenor, and Alberto Miele. "Concentração de ácido tartárico dos vinhos da serra gaúcha." Ciência Rural 31, no. 5 (October 2001): 893–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782001000500027.

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Tendo em vista a importância do ácido tartárico na composição química e na qualidade do vinho, realizou-se o presente trabalho com o objetivo de determinar o seu teor nos vinhos da Serra Gaúcha. Analisaram-se 288 amostras de vinhos tintos Isabel, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc e Merlot e de vinhos brancos Chardonnay, Riesling Itálico e Moscato. As análises foram feitas através da cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). Os resultados evidenciaram que o teor médio do ácido tartárico do vinho Isabel (5,0g L-1) foi significativamente maior que o teor dos demais vinhos. Numa classificação inferior ao vinho Isabel, ficou o vinho Riesling Itálico (3,1g L-1) que foi similar à do Chardonnay (2,6g L-1), mas significativamente maior que as concentrações dos vinhos Cabernet Sauvignon (2,2 g L-1), Cabernet Franc (2,3g L-1), Merlot (2,4g L-1) e Moscato (2,2g L-1).
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Marcon Filho, José Luiz, Joseane De Souza Hipólito, Tiago Afonso De Macedo, Aike Anneliese Kretzschmar, and Leo Rufato. "Raleio de cachos sobre o potencial enológico da uva 'Cabernet Franc' em duas safras." Ciência Rural 45, no. 12 (September 18, 2015): 2150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140995.

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RESUMO: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a maturação tecnológica e fenólica das uvas na variedade 'Cabernet Franc', submetida a diferentes níveis de raleio de cachos, de modo a estabelecer critérios que contribuam para definir o manejo mais apropriado para a obtenção de uvas destinadas à elaboração de vinhos finos, em regiões acima de 900m de altitude. Os ensaios foram conduzidos durante as safras 2009/10 e 2010/11 em um vinhedo comercial a 1,230m de altitude, localizado no município de São Joaquim, SC, coordenadas 28º 17' 39" S e 49º 55' 56" W. Foi utilizada a variedade 'Cabernet Franc', enxertada sobre 'Paulsen 1103', conduzida em espaldeira, com espaçamento de 3,0m x 1,2m e cobertura anti-granizo. Os níveis de raleio de cachos, ajustados na virada de cor "véraison", corresponderam à produção máxima, com reduções percentuais em sua produtividade em 25%, 50% e 75%. Observou-se que, em região de altitude, a prática de raleio de cachos modifica as características químicas da uva 'Cabernet Franc', aumentando o pH, reduzindo o teor de SS do mosto e polifenóis da casca. A realização do raleio de cachos, além de reduzir a produção por área, não teve um efeito compensatório na qualidade do mosto, além de não ter sido observado equilíbrio vegetativo/produtivo das plantas. A redução da carga através da prática do raleio de cachos não gerou os benefícios esperados para a cv 'Cabernet Franc', cultivada em região de altitude nas duas safras avaliadas.
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Reynolds, Andrew G., Lee Thomas Baker, Li Zhang, Mary Jasinski, Frederick Di Profio, Susanne Kögel, and Gary J. Pickering. "Impacts of natural yield variances on wine composition and sensory attributes ofVitis viniferacultivars Riesling and Cabernet Franc." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 98, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 851–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2017-0190.

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Impacts of naturally-varying yields on composition and sensory attributes of Ontario Riesling and Cabernet Franc wines were investigated. The sites investigated represented five Vintners Quality Alliance sub-appellations. A grid pattern of sentinel vines was established in each vineyard for data collection. Yields were divided into categories [low, medium, or high (LY, MY, HY)] at harvest (2010, 2011) and replicate wines were made from each. Wines were subjected to sensory sorting tasks to confirm differences between yield categories and sites, and were thereafter subjected to descriptive analysis. All HY vines had higher clusters/vine, berry weights, and Ravaz indices. The HY Cabernet Franc wines had lower colour, anthocyanins, and phenols. Sensory sorting revealed differences amongst wines and descriptive analysis demonstrated several aroma/flavour attributes between yield categories. The HY Riesling wines had less fruit and honey and higher mineral and floral attributes, whereas HY Cabernet Franc wines displayed higher bell pepper, vegetal, and herbaceous characteristics and less fruit attributes. Riesling wines from Lincoln Lakeshore North and Niagara Lakeshore sub-appellations had higher mineral or vegetal attributes, Four Mile Creek had more apple/pear, and St. Davids Bench, Beamsville Bench, and Lincoln Lakeshore South displayed higher fruit and citrus. Escarpment Bench and Four Mile Creek Cabernet Franc 2010 wines had the highest bell pepper aroma, Lincoln Lakeshore North displayed the most earthiness, and Lincoln Lakeshore South had the most cooked fruit. In 2011, cooler sites adjacent to Lake Ontario displayed higher vegetal attributes. Zones of differing yields, dependent upon magnitudes of yield differences, can result in substantially different wine sensory properties.
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Bueno, Thomas Favaretto, Fabíola Villa, Danimar Dalla Rosa, and Diego Ricardo Stumm. "Uso de produto à base de alho associado à poda no desempenho de videiras finas no oeste paranaense." Revista Ceres 64, no. 4 (August 2017): 426–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x201764040012.

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RESUMO A vitivinicultura é uma atividade relevante, e de grande potencial, no oeste do Paraná, mas há carência de adequações do manejo cultural das videiras finas, nessa região. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar as intensidades e as épocas de poda, associadas ao uso de produtos para quebra de dormência, em videiras finas cvs. ‘Cabernet Franc’ e ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’. Foram realizados dois experimentos, nos quais se utilizou o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados: o primeiro em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (três intensidades de poda, sendo poda curta, longa e mista x dois produtos comerciais para quebra de dormência (Dormex® e Natualho®), contendo cinco blocos e uma planta por bloco, totalizando 30 plantas do cv. ‘Cabernet Franc’, enxertadas sobre o porta-enxerto ‘RR 101-14’. A poda e a aplicação dos produtos, por pulverização, até completo molhamento dos sarmentos, foram realizadas em 17 de agosto de 2013. O segundo experimento constou de esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (quatro épocas de poda x dois produtos comerciais para quebra de dormência), contendo quatro blocos e uma planta por bloco, totalizando 32 plantas do cv. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, enxertadas sobre o porta-enxerto ‘RR 101-14’. As plantas do segundo experimento foram submetidas apenas a poda curta. Após a poda, nos dois experimentos, avaliaram-se as características vegetativas, como número de gemas por planta, número de brotações por planta, estádio fenológico de “gema algodão”, utilizado como padrão de brotação, percentagem de gemas brotadas e tempo transcorrido da poda até a estabilização da brotação (dias). O extrato de alho não apresentou eficiência na quebra de dormência das plantas. O cv. ‘Cabernet Franc’ apresentou melhor desenvolvimento vegetativo, quando submetido à poda curta. A última época de poda propiciou melhor desenvolvimento vegetativo do cv. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’.
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Cieniewicz, Elizabeth, Madison Flasco, Melina Brunelli, Anuli Onwumelu, Alice Wise, and Marc F. Fuchs. "Differential Spread of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus in California and New York Vineyards." Phytobiomes Journal 3, no. 3 (January 2019): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pbiomes-04-19-0020-r.

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Limited information is available on the spread dynamics of grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV, genus Grablovirus, family Geminiviridae) in vineyards. In this study, we investigated red blotch disease progress in three vineyards with a disparate initial inoculum prevalence. Secondary spread was documented in Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet franc vineyards in California, but not in a Merlot vineyard in New York. Increase in annual disease incidence (4.8, 0.13, and 0%) was unrelated to the estimated initial source of inoculum at planting (1, 40, and 40%) in the Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot vineyards, respectively. Limited genetic diversity of GRBV populations in newly infected vines supported localized spread in California vineyards, and suggested the planting material as the primary source of inoculum. Among the community of hemipteran insects visiting two of the three study vineyards, populations of Spissistilus festinus, the vector of GRBV, were absent in the Merlot vineyard and low in the Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard. Furthermore, all cover crop samples collected from GRBV-infected California vineyards each spring of 2016 to 2018, particularly legume species which are preferred hosts of S. festinus, tested negative for GRBV, suggesting a minimal role, if any, in GRBV spread as inoculum reservoirs. Together our findings illustrate differential disease progress in distinct vineyard ecosystems, and support the elimination of virus inoculum sources as an actionable disease management strategy across vineyards.
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Baronio, Cléber Antonio, Simone Andzeiewski, Uemerson Silva da Cunha, and Marcos Botton. "Biologia e tabela de vida de fertilidade do pulgão-preto em cultivares de videira." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 49, no. 9 (September 2014): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2014000900002.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a biologia e a tabela de vida de fertilidade do pulgão-preto da videira [Aphis illinoisensis (Hemiptera: Aphididae)], em mudas das cultivares de Vitis labrusca Bordô, e de V. vinifera Cabernet Franc, Itália e Moscato Bianco. O experimento foi conduzido em 50 minigaiolas de confinamento, com um inseto em cada gaiola por tratamento, fixadas em mudas de videira mantidas em câmara de crescimento do tipo fitotron (a 25±1°C, umidade relativa de 75±10% e fotófase de 14 horas). Avaliaram-se diariamente a duração e a viabilidade ninfal, a fecundidade e a longevidade do período reprodutivo da espécie. O pulgão-preto da videira completou o ciclo biológico nas mudas das mencionadas cultivares, com duração da fase de ninfa de 7,9±0,3, 6,8±0,2, 6,2±0,2 e 6,7±0,2 dias, e viabilidade de 58, 82, 98 e 80% para 'Bordô', 'Cabernet Franc', 'Itália' e 'Moscato Bianco', respectivamente. 'Cabernet Franc' e 'Moscato Bianco' foram mais favoráveis ao desenvolvimento do pulgão-preto, com base na tabela de vida de fertilidade, com 51,3 e 55,6 descendentes por fêmea, por geração, respectivamente. 'Bordô' foi a menos adequada ao desenvolvimento do afídeo, com 12,55 descendentes por fêmea, por geração, o que indica resistência do tipo antibiose ou não preferência do inseto pela cultivar.
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El Darra, N., N. Grimi, E. Vorobiev, R. G. Maroun, and N. Louka. "Pulsed Electric Field-Assisted Cold Maceration of Cabernet franc and Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes." American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 64, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 476–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2013.12098.

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González-Neves, Gustavo, Guzmán Favre, Diego Piccardo, Milka Ferrer, and Gerardo Echeverría. "Efecto de técnicas alternativas de maceración sobre el color y composición de vinos tintos de seis variedades de uva." Agrociencia 19, no. 1 (June 2015): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31285/agro.19.319.

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El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el color y la composición polifenólica de vinos tintos de seis variedades: Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Marselan y Tannat. Se comparó el efecto de una vinificación por maceración tradicional con el de una vinificación con extracción diferida de antocianos y maceración extendida (EDA+ME). Los vinos fueron elaborados en dos años consecutivos, realizando dos repeticiones de cada técnica por variedad. Se consideraron las dos cosechas en Tannat, Merlot, Cabernet Franc y Marselan (2013 y 2014), y una cosecha (2013) en Syrah y Cabernet Sauvignon. Las técnicas de vinificación modificaron los contenidos fenólicos de los vinos. La vinificación por EDA+ME determinó menores contenidos de antocianos y menor intensidad colorante en la mayoría de los vinos. Sin embargo, la EDA+ME incrementó significativamente la presencia de taninos de bajo peso molecular, lo cual puede tener un impacto relevante en la estabilidad futura del color así como en otras características sensoriales de los vinos. La variedad de uva fue el factor que incidió en mayor medida en las características de los vinos, más allá de las diferencias determinadas por las técnicas de vinificación y por el grado de madurez de las uvas empleadas en cada caso.
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Stefanini, M., D. Porro, G. Colugnati, and J. A. Voltolini. "INTERACTION C.V. CABERNET FRANC/ TERROIR IN NORTHEASTERN ITALY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 603 (April 2003): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.603.85.

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YAMAKAWA, Yoshihide. "Virus Reinfection on Virus-Free ^|^lsquo;Cabernet Sauvignon^|^rsquo; and ^|^lsquo;Cabernet Franc^|^rsquo; Vines." Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 58, no. 2 (1989): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.58.297.

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20

Zhang, M., Q. Xu, C. Duan, W. Qu, and Y. Wu. "Comparative Study of Aromatic Compounds in Young Red Wines from Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Cabernet Gernischet Varieties in China." Journal of Food Science 72, no. 5 (June 2007): C248—C252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00357.x.

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Manfroi, Luciano, Alberto Miele, Luiz A. Rizzon, and Carlos I. N. Barradas. "Composição química do mosto da uva 'cabernet franc' conduzida no sistema lira aberta." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 30, no. 4 (August 2006): 787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542006000400028.

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Com o objetivo de avaliar a composição físico-química do mosto da uva 'Cabernet Franc' conduzida no sistema lira aberta, foi realizado o presente trabalho em oito vinhedos durante o ciclo vegetativo de 1995/1996 nos municípios de Bento Gonçalves e Monte Belo do Sul, RS. Os valores médios das variáveis avaliadas foram similares aos obtidos na região com outros sistemas de condução, ou seja: ºBrix - 17,0; acidez total - 113 meq L-1; pH - 3,17; nitrogênio total - 246,1 mg L-1; polifenóis totais (I 280) - 11,8; prolina - 182,2 mg L-1; ácido tartárico - 88 meq L-1; ácido málico - 56 meq L-1; K - 951 mg L-1; P - 71,3 mg L-1; Ca - 34,4 mg L-1; e Mg - 50,2 mg L-1. Esses resultados mostram que o sistema de condução da videira em lira aberta pode ser recomendado para a produção de uva 'Cabernet Franc' nas condições de solo e de clima da Serra Gaúcha.
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22

Plavša, Tomislav, Željko Andabaka, Igor Palčić, and Ana Jeromel. "Mogućnosti promjene sadržaja etanola i ukupne kiselosti vina korištenjem Saccharomyces cerevisiae kvasaca." Glasnik zaštite bilja 44, no. 5 (December 2, 2021): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31727/gzb.44.5.6.

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Utjecaj globalnog zagrijavanja nije zaobišao niti vinarsku industriju. To se najbolje očituje kroz porast alkoholne jakosti vina te smanjenje ukupne kiselosti što u konačnici dovodi do značajne promjene u senzornim svojstvima vina. Jedna od mogućnosti smanjenja alkoholne jakosti obuhvaća primjenu različitih selekcioniranih kvasaca (Saccharomyces i ne-Saccharomyces). U provedenom istraživanju ispitane su mogućnosti primjene komercijalnih Saccharomyces kvasaca (IONYSWF™, Enoferm RP15 i Uvaferm BDX) sa ciljem smanjenja alkoholne jakosti te povećanja ukupne kiselosti vina sorte Cabernet franc. Po provedenim fizikalno-kemijskim analizama utvrđeno je da je primjena kvasca IONYSWF™ dala vina manje alkoholne jakosti uz naglašeniju ukupnu kiselost. Nadalje, nisu utvrđene značajne razlike u kinetici alkoholne fermentacije među tretmanima, ali su utvrđene razlike u senzornim svojstvima. Prema rezultatima deskriptivne analize vino sorte Cabernet franc (Vitis vinifera L.) proizvedeno primjenom kvasca IONYSWF™ izdvojilo se nešto jačim tijelom te naglašenijim intenzitetom i trajnošću mirisa u kojem su dominirale začinske note i mirisi crvenog voća. Vino navedenog tretmana bilo je ujedno i najbolje brojčano ocjenjeno.
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Rizzon, Luiz Antenor, Mauro Celso Zanuz, and Alberto Miele. "Efeito da fermentação maloláctica na composição do vinho tinto." Ciência Rural 27, no. 3 (August 1997): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84781997000300022.

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O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da fermentação maloláctica (FML) na composição dos vinhos Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon e Isabel, elaborados em pequena escala na safra de 1995. Dezoito variáveis foram avaliadas antes e após a FML. Os resultados mostraram que houve degradação do ácido málico; diminuição da acidez total, do extrato seco, do extrato seco reduzido e da intensidade de cor; e aumento do pH, da acidez volátil, da relação álcool em peso/extrato seco reduzido e da relação I420/I520. Entre os compostos voláteis, verificou-se a formação de lactato de etila e da acetoína.
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Qiu, Wenping, John D. Avery, and Shaista Lunden. "Characterization of a Severe Virus-like Disease in Chardonnay Grapevines in Missouri." Plant Health Progress 8, no. 1 (January 2007): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2007-1119-01-br.

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A severe virus-like disease emerged on Chardonnay vines in a Missouri vineyard that resulted in significant reduction of vine vigor and yield. The pathogens can be transmitted via cutting and grafting. Chardonnay, Cabernet franc and Baco franc vines that were grafted with the buds of the original diseased Chardonnay vines exhibited distinct vein-clearing symptom. The result of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction indicated the association of Grapevine fanleaf virus with this disease. Accepted for publication 26 September 2007. Published 19 November 2007.
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Da Mota, Renata Vieira, Ana Carolina Favero, Camila Pinheiro Carvalho Silva, Eduardo Purgatto, Tânia Misuzu Shiga, and Murillo De Albuquerque Regina. "Wine grape quality of grapevines grown in the cerrado ecoregion of Brazil." OENO One 45, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2011.45.2.1486.

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<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: Geographical indication plays an important role in the improvement of wine quality. In this context, the search for new grape growing areas has been constant. The São Francisco River Valley in the cerrado of Minas Gerais State (Brazil) has been pointed out in the Geoviticulture Multicriteria Climatic Classification System (MCC System) as a potentially winegrowing region, especially considering the autumn-winter period when night temperatures are favorable to grape ripening. In this work, we studied the maturation curves and fruit composition of four wine grape varieties (Syrah, Merlot, Cabernet-Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc) in two growing seasons in order to validate the state of Minas Gerais as a new winegrowing region in Brazil.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Quality parameters (berry weight, pH, titratable acidity and total soluble solids) were measured weekly from véraison to harvest, and sugar, organic acid, anthocyanin and phenolic concentrations were determined in must and berry skins and seeds at harvest. Syrah berries showed the highest weight throughout maturation which contributed to higher yield (8.92 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>), followed closely by Merlot (8.07 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>). Berry sugar concentrations were higher and malic acid levels were lower than the values usually observed in wine grapes harvested during summer in traditional winegrowing regions in Brazil. Cabernet Franc showed lower levels of anthocyanins and skin phenolics per kg berries and the highest values of seed phenolics, which were not affected by growing season.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Weather conditions of the cerrado of Minas Gerais State in Brazil during winter allowed complete maturation of Cabernet-Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot and Syrah cultivars as revealed by the satisfactory sugar, anthocyanin and skin phenolic accumulation.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: This study revealed the potential of the cerrado ecoregion in the northeast of Minas Gerais to become a new winemaking region in Brazil.</p>
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Cliff, Margaret A., N. Brau, M. C. King, and Giacomo Mazza. "Development of predictive models for astringency from anthocyanin, phenolic and color analyses of British Columbia red wines." OENO One 36, no. 1 (March 31, 2002): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2002.36.1.978.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">One-hundred and eighty-nine commercial red wines from four vintages (1996-1999), four varieties (Pinot noir, Merlot, Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon) and 13 vineyard locations within the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia were analysed for total phenolics, anthocyanins, flavonols, tartaric esters, free SO<sub>2</sub>, pH and titratable acidity, as well as copigmented-, monomeric-, polymeric- and total- anthocyanins (absorbance values). Color was evaluated using color density, hue, Hunter-color (L, a, b) and chroma values. Statistics (means, standard deviations) and discriminant analysis were used to explore the response patterns in the compositional analyses among the vintages, varieties and vineyard locations. Color density was highly correlated to the monomeric- and polymeric- anthocyanins for all varieties. Discriminant analysis revealed that some wine vintages could be differentiated using the flavonols, anthocyanins, copigmented anthocyanins, hue and L values. Phenolic concentrations were lower in 1996 and 1997 vintages compared to 1998 and 1999. Discriminant analysis showed that the varieties Pinot noir, Cabernet franc and Merlot/Cabernet Sauvignon could be differentiated using the monomeric-, polymeric- and total- anthocyanins, as well as color density, hue and L values. Cabernet Sauvignon wines formed a subset within the Merlot grouping. Discriminant of wines from the vineyard locations revealed that there was a considerable overlap among the regions, but that the groupings were generally consistent with geographic location. Sensory analysis was used to determine the intensity of astringency and astringent aftertaste in a subset of 35 wines from 1998. Multiple linear regression was used to relate the sensory and compositional analyses. A two-variable model predicted astringency (R=0.77) from total phenolics and copigmented anthocyanins; whereas, a one-variable model was developed to predict astringent aftertaste (R=0.74) from total phenolics. Sensory data collected on an additional 25 red wines were used to validate the appropriateness of the models.</p>
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Grant, T. N., I. E. Dami, T. Ji, D. Scurlock, and J. Streeter. "Variation in leaf and bud soluble sugar concentration among Vitis genotypes grown under two temperature regimes." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 961–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08188.

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Soluble sugar accumulation was determined in the grape (Vitis spp.) cultivars Frontenac, Couderc 3309, Concord, Cabernet Franc, Traminette and Seyval grown under two temperature regimes. Shoot growth slowed under cold temperature regimes in all cultivars except Concord, which was the least responsive. Among all sugars, raffinose showed distinctive responses associated with the two temperature regimes. Under a non-acclimating temperature regime, raffinose concentrations were low and similar among cultivars, whereas under cold acclimating temperature regimes raffinose accumulation was generally higher, and cold-hardy cultivars accumulated higher concentrations than did cold-sensitive cultivars. Basal leaves and buds accumulated the most raffinose. Cabernet Franc vines exhibited no differences in sugar accumulation at different stages of development. The results suggest that raffinose accumulation might be an early step in the process of cold acclimation that coincides with slowed shoot growth, and may precede the onset of dormancy and freezing tolerance. Leaf raffinose concentration might be useful as a detection tool to distinguish various Vitis genotypes with contrasting freezing tolerance. Key words: Bud, cold acclimation, leaf, raffinose, Vitis
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Silva, Letícia Flores da, Celito Crivellaro Guerra, Ana Beatriz Costa Czermainski, Leonardo Ferrari, and Ana Maria Bergold. "Validation of a chromatographic method to routine analysis of trans-resveratrol and quercetin in red wines." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, no. 5 (May 2017): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000500007.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to validate a fast method with low-solvent use, for the analysis of trans-resveratrol and quercetin in red wines. The wines were prepared, using a classical method, from the grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivars Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir, Ruby Cabernet, Syrah, Tannat, and Tempranillo. Samples were filtered and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode array detector (DAD), at 306 and 371 nm, for trans-resveratrol and quercetin, respectively. An octylsilane column was used, and the mobile phase was composed by a gradient of methanol, water, and formic acid. The method was validated according to the following figures of merit: specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The proposed HPLC-DAD method may be established for the analysis of trans-resveratrol and quercetin in red wines.
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Rwahnih, Maher Al, Ashita Dave, Michael M. Anderson, Adib Rowhani, Jerry K. Uyemoto, and Mysore R. Sudarshana. "Association of a DNA Virus with Grapevines Affected by Red Blotch Disease in California." Phytopathology® 103, no. 10 (October 2013): 1069–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-10-12-0253-r.

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In the Napa Valley of California, vineyards of ‘Cabernet Franc’ (CF) clone 214, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ clone 337, and ‘Zinfandel’ clone 1A (Z1A) with grapevines exhibiting foliar symptoms of red blotches, marginal reddening, and red veins that were accompanied by reduced sugar accumulation in fruit at harvest were initially suspected to be infected with leafroll-associated viruses. However, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were negative for all known leafroll-associated viruses, with the exception of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 in Z1A. Metagenomic analysis of cDNA libraries obtained from double-stranded RNA enriched nucleic acid (NA) preparations from bark scrapings of dormant canes on an Illumina platform revealed sequences having a distant relationship with members of the family Geminiviridae. Sequencing of products obtained by PCR assays using overlapping primers and rolling circle amplification (RCA) confirmed the presence of a single circular genome of 3,206 nucleotides which was nearly identical to the genome of a recently reported Grapevine cabernet franc-associated virus found in declining grapevines in New York. We propose to call this virus “Grapevine red blotch-associated virus” (GRBaV) to describe its association with grapevine red blotch disease. Primers specific to GRBaV amplified a product of expected size (557 bp) from NA preparations obtained from petioles of several diseased source vines. Chip bud inoculations successfully transmitted GRBaV to test plants of CF, as confirmed by PCR analysis. This is the first report of a DNA virus associated with red blotch disease of grapevines in California.
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Cañas, Pedro Miguel Izquierdo, Esteban García Romero, Fátima Pérez-Martín, Susana Seseña, and María Llanos Palop. "Sequential inoculation versus co-inoculation in Cabernet Franc wine fermentation." Food Science and Technology International 21, no. 3 (February 28, 2014): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013214524585.

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Beuve, M., T. Candresse, M. Tannières, and O. Lemaire. "First Report of Grapevine redglobe virus (GRGV) in Grapevine in France." Plant Disease 99, no. 3 (March 2015): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-14-1009-pdn.

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The isometric virus Grapevine redglobe virus (GRGV), was first described on grapevine cv. Red Globe in southern Italy in 2000 (3) and later in Greece and California. GRGV belongs to the genus Maculavirus in the family Tymoviridae. These viruses are thought to be disseminated through propagation and grafting, as no vectors or seed transmission are known to date. A partial sequence (2,006 nucleotides [nt]) encompassing the 3′ end of the replicase, the coat protein, and P17 genes, was obtained in 2003 (1). GRGV infections are apparently symptomless (2). In 2014, GRGV was identified by Illumina sequencing of total RNAs extracted from a Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet franc (CF) vine grafted onto Gravesac in a vineyard of the Bordeaux region in France. This Cabernet franc plant displayed fanleaf-like degeneration symptoms associated with Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) infection. It had been collected in 2010 and maintained since in a greenhouse. The partial contigs assembled from the Illumina reads (552 and 430 nt, both in the putative replicase gene, KM491303 and KM491304) showed 85.9 and 86.3% nt identity with the partial sequence of a GRGV Italian isolate (AF521577), respectively. Total RNA extracts from leaves of 18 plants of cv. Cabernet franc from the same plot, collected in 2014, were analyzed by RT-PCR using specific primers RG-CF-F1 (5′-GAATTCGCTGTCGGCCACTC-3′) and RG-CF-R1 (5′-AGTGAGAGGAGAGATTCCATC-3′) designed on the basis of the alignment of the partial sequences of GRGV-CF and the Italian isolate (AF521577). Fifteen (83%) of the plants gave strong positive amplification for GRGV. Given the mixed viral infection status of these vines, it was not possible to associate a specific symptomatology with the presence of GRGV. Two RT-PCR amplicons were directly sequenced and showed 91.5 and 91.7% identities, respectively, with the reference GRGV-CF sequence. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GRGV in France. Further studies will be necessary to determine the prevalence of GRGV in the French vineyards and varieties, including rootstocks, and its possible threat to the grapevine industry. Studies are also needed to assess the pathogenicity of GRGV. Similarly to its close relative, Grapevine fleck virus, does it induce latent or semi-latent infections in Vitis vinifera and rootstock hybrids, influencing vigor, rooting ability, and graft compatibility? References: (1) N. Abou Ghanem-Sabanadzovic et al. Virus Genes 27:11, 2003. (2) G. P. Martelli et al. Arch. Virol. 147:1847, 2002. (3) S. Sabanadzovic et al. Arch. Virol. 145:553, 2000.
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Di Profio, F., A. G. Reynolds, and A. Kasimos. "Canopy Management and Enzyme Impacts on Merlot, Cabernet franc, and Cabernet Sauvignon. I. Yield and Berry Composition." American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 62, no. 2 (February 23, 2011): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2010.10024.

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Di Profio, F., A. G. Reynolds, and A. Kasimos. "Canopy Management and Enzyme Impacts on Merlot, Cabernet franc, and Cabernet Sauvignon. II. Wine Composition and Quality." American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 62, no. 2 (February 23, 2011): 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2010.10035.

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34

Hu, Guojun, Yafeng Dong, Zunping Zhang, Xudong Fan, and Fang Ren. "Effect of In Vitro Culture of Long Shoot Tip on Variant Structure and Titer of Grapevine Viruses." Plants 11, no. 15 (July 23, 2022): 1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11151907.

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Shoot tip culture is a very effective approach for studying plant viruses. In this study, we evaluated the numbers, diversity, and titer of grapevine viruses in in vitro grapevine plants after long shoot tip culture. Six virus-infected grapevine cultivars (Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Gernischt, Cabernet Sauvignon, Wink, Victoria, and Merlot) collected from six regions of China were used as the research materials. Approximately 1.5 cm long shoot tips were used for meristem culture. The average survival rate of the six grapevine cultivars was 45.7%. Merlot collected from Beijing showed the highest survival rate (80.0%). Regeneration was not achieved in Cabernet Gernischt collected from Liaoning province and Cabernet Sauvignon from Tianjin due to bacterial and fungal contamination. Virus detection conducted in the surviving regenerated plants showed that the virus infection status, including the viral numbers and the species present in plants grown in vitro, was the same as that in corresponding in vivo plants. Moreover, the analysis of sequence diversity and the mutation frequency in grapevine viruses in vitro indicated that the structure of grapevine viruses was stable in long shoot tip culture after four sub-culture passages. Further, the relative viral titer of in vitro grapevine plants was much higher than that of in vivo plants. These results aid in the investigation of viruses in woody plants.
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Piccin, Rogério, Rafael da Rosa Couto, Roque Júnior Sartori Bellinaso, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Lessandro De Conti, Lucas Antonio Telles Rodrigues, Luiza Somavilla Michelon, Matheus Severo de Souza Kulmann, and Gustavo Brunetto. "Phosphorus forms in leaves and their relationships with must composition and yield in grapevines." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, no. 5 (May 2017): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000500005.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate phosphorus forms in grape leaves and their relationships with must composition and yield in grapevines grown in a Typic Hapludalf with different available P contents. Two experiments were carried out with Vitis viniferacultivars, one with 'Tannat' and the other with 'Cabernet Franc' grapes. Experiment 1 consisted of two vineyards of 'Tannat', with the following P content in the soil: V1, 11.8 mg kg-1 P; and V2, 34.6 mg kg-1 P. Experiment 2 consisted of two vineyards of 'Cabernet Franc', with the following P content in the soil: V1, 16.0 mg kg-1 P; and V2, 37.0 mg kg-1 P. Leaves were collected at flowering (FL) and veraison (V), and, after their preparation, P forms were evaluated. Yield and must composition were assessed. The highest yield was observed in V2 of experiment 1 and in V2 of experiment 2. Total P content and P forms in leaves at FL and V have no relationship with yield parameters; however, total P content in leaves has a relationship with anthocyanin content in the must of 'Tannat' grapevines. Therefore, P fractionation in leaves predicts neither grapevine yield nor must composition.
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Wurz, Douglas André, Alberto Fontanella Brighenti, Bruno Farias Bonin, Ricardo Allebrandt, Betina Pereira de Bem, Adrielen Tamiris Canossa, and Leo Rufato. "Dinâmica temporal da podridão cinzenta (Botrytis cinerea) na videira Cabernet Franc em função do aumento da carga de gemas." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 9 (July 25, 2021): e27810918108. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.18108.

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O aumento do dossel vegetativo e o adensamento de cachos na planta ocasionado pelo maior número de gemas planta-1 pode criar um microclima favorável para a ocorrência de podridão cinzenta. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do aumento de carga de gemas planta-1, nas variáveis epidemiológicas de podridão cinzenta (Botrytis cinerea) na videira Cabernet Franc cultivada em região de altitude de Santa Catarina. O presente trabalho foi conduzido durante safra 2016/2017, em um vinhedo comercial, localizado no munícipio de São Joaquim. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro diferentes níveis de poda: 15 gemas planta-1, 30 gemas planta-1, 50 gemas planta-1, 75 gemas planta-1. Avaliou-se: incidência máxima, severidade máxima, AACPID, AACPSD, TAMID, TAMSD e IAS. Observou-se efeito da carga de gemas planta-1 nas variáveis epidemiológicas da podridão cinzenta nos cachos da videira Cabernet Franc. O aumento da carga de gemas resultou em aumento da incidência e da severidade da doença, AACPID e AACPSD, sendo os maiores observados em plantas submetidas a poda de inverno com carga de gemas superiores a 50 gemas planta-1. A adoção de elevado número de gemas planta-1, deve ser acompanhada de práticas de manejo integrado de doenças que visam reduzir os efeitos ocasionados pela ocorrência de podridão cinzenta.
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Perry, Keith L., Heather McLane, Muhammad Z. Hyder, Gerald S. Dangl, Jeremy R. Thompson, and Marc F. Fuchs. "Grapevine red blotch-associated virus is Present in Free-Living Vitis spp. Proximal to Cultivated Grapevines." Phytopathology® 106, no. 6 (June 2016): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-16-0035-r.

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Red blotch is an emerging disease of grapevine associated with grapevine red blotch-associated virus (GRBaV). The virus spreads with infected planting stocks but no vector of epidemiological significance has been conclusively identified. A vineyard block of red-blotch-affected Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet franc’ clone 214 was observed in California, with a clustering of infected, symptomatic vines focused along one edge of the field proximal to a riparian habitat with free-living Vitis spp. No genetic heterogeneity was observed in a 587-nucleotide region of the GRBaV genome in a population of 44 Cabernet franc clone 214 isolates. By contrast, genetic differences were observed in isolates from other cultivars and clones growing in adjacent blocks. GRBaV was confirmed infecting four free-living vines, two of which were shown to be V. californica × V. vinifera hybrids. The genomes of three free-living GRBaV vine isolates and seven from V. vinifera cultivars were compared; free-living vine isolates were shown to be more similar to each other and a ‘Merlot’ isolate than to the other cultivated vine isolates. The finding that GRBaV is present in free-living Vitis spp. indicates the virus can be spread by natural (nonhuman-mediated) means, and we hypothesize that in-field spread of GRBaV is occurring.
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Rowhani, Adib, Jerry K. Uyemoto, and Deborah A. Golino. "A Comparison Between Serological and Biological Assays in Detecting Grapevine Leafroll Associated Viruses." Plant Disease 81, no. 7 (July 1997): 799–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.7.799.

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The efficacy of the serological procedure enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting grapevine leafroll associated viruses (GLRaV types -1, -2, -3, and -4) was compared with indexing on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Franc. Results of the biological assays confirmed the infectious nature of all grapevine sources testing positive by ELISA for GLRaV-1 (9 sources), GLRaV-2 (14 sources), and GLRaV-4 (14 sources), and the noninfectious nature of ELISA-negative grapevines (75 sources). However, among 57 sources testing positive by ELISA for GLRaV-3, or 24 sources with multiple infections, 8 and 1 sources, respectively, were negative by Cabernet Franc assays. Serological assays were repeated on all graft-inoculated indicators and only symptomatic ones reacted positively. Also, the 8 original GLRaV-3 sources that had tested positive by ELISA and negative by bioassay were found positive using immuno-capture/reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC/RT-PCR). The single multiple-infected source was not available for retesting. The distribution of GLRaV in infected grapevines was tested by assaying 20 to 40 samples per source of 36 plants infected with GLRaV-1, -2, -3, or -4. The incidence of GLRaV-positive canes as determined by ELISA ranged from 0 to 100%, suggesting that GLRaV can be unevenly distributed in chronically infected grapevines.
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Dry, P. R., S. Reed, and G. Potter. "THE EFFECT OF WIND ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CABERNET FRANC GRAPEVINES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 240 (February 1989): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.240.24.

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Pedro Júnior, Mário José, José Luiz Hernandes, Ludmila Bardin-Camparotto, and Gabriel Constantino Blain. "Balanço de energia e consumo hídrico de vinhedo de ‘Cabernet Franc’." Bragantia 74, no. 2 (April 2015): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.0310.

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O método do balanço de energia foi utilizado em vinhedo da uva para vinho ‘Cabernet Franc’, conduzido em espaldeira alta, para caracterizar a repartição do saldo de radiação (SR) nos diferentes fluxos de calor: latente (LE), sensível e no solo. Em média LE representou aproximadamente 79% de SR. São apresentadas as variações horárias dos componentes do balanço de energia para dias: ensolarado e nublado. O consumo hídrico do vinhedo para os diferentes subperíodos fenológicos foi: poda-florescimento (99 mm), florescimento-início de maturação (249 mm) e início de maturação-colheita (201 mm). Para o ciclo total (poda-colheita), o consumo hídrico obtido foi de 549 mm.
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41

Synos, Kinga, A. G. Reynolds, and A. J. Bowen. "Effect of yeast strain on aroma compounds in Cabernet franc icewines." LWT - Food Science and Technology 64, no. 1 (November 2015): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.05.044.

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42

Clingeleffer, P. R., and L. R. Krake. "Responses of Cabernet franc Grapevines to Minimal Pruning and Virus Infection." American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 43, no. 1 (1992): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1992.43.1.31.

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43

Amrani Joutei, K., and Yves Glories. "Isolation of berry skin protoplasts and improvement of their produce." OENO One 30, no. 1 (March 31, 1996): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1996.30.1.1111.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">It is known that the phenolic compounds and particularly procyanidins, which are found in relatively large quantities in the skin, have a high affinity against proteins and therefore are capable of inhibiting some enzyme activities. This work proposes a study of the isolation of the Cabernet franc skin protoplasts and a try to improve their performance by determining the influence of some factors.</p>
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Renouf, Vincent, Olivier Trégoat, Jean-Philippe Roby, and Cornelis Van Leeuwen. "Soils, rootstocks and grapevine varieties in prestigious Bordeaux vineyards and their impact on yield and quality." OENO One 44, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2010.44.3.1471.

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<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: To study the impact of soil-type, grapevine variety and rootstock on grape yield and wine quality in prestigious estates located in the Bordeaux area (France).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: High-resolution soil maps (scale: 1/3000<sup>th</sup>) were created for seven prestigious red wine-producing estates in Bordeaux, covering a total area of approximately 400 ha. Soil-type, rootstocks and grapevine varieties were recorded for each vineyard block. A Quality Index was created by considering the destination of the grapes produced in each block, whether they were integrated in the first, the second or the third quality wine produced by the estate. Quality Index was averaged over five vintages. Yield was also measured for each vineyard block and averaged over five vintages. PEYROSOL (gravelly soil) was the most frequent soiltype in these estates (45% of the total mapped area). Soils with temporary waterlogging (REDOXISOL), heavy clay soils (PLANOSOL) and sandygravelly soils (BRUNISOL) covered around 10% of the mapped area each. Highest quality was obtained on PLANOSOLS, ARENOSOLS (sandy soils), BRUNISOLS and PEYROSOLS. Quality was low on COLLUVIOSOLS (deep soils on colluvium), LUVISOLS (leached acidic soils) and REDUCTISOLS (soils with permanent waterlogging). Cabernet- Sauvignon was the dominant grapevine variety (59% of the mapped area), followed by Merlot (32%), Cabernet franc (8%) and Petit Verdot (1%). On average, the Quality Index was higher for Cabernet-Sauvignon and Merlot compared with Cabernet franc and Petit Verdot. Riparia Gloire de Montpellier (RGM) was by far the most used rootstock. It covered 45% of the mapped area. Including 3309C and 420A, these three rootstocks covered 75% of the total acreage planted in these estates. Highest quality wine was produced with 420A, RGM, 3309C and Gravesac. Highest yields were obtained with 161-49C, 101-14 MG, RGM, SO4 and 420A.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Soil, grapevine variety and rootstock have a major impact on yield and wine quality in prestigious Bordeaux wine producing estates.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: Assessment of a Quality Index by soil-type, cultivar and rootstock can indicate which combinations of soiltype, cultivar and rootstock would best optimise quality performance in Bordeaux vineyards.</p>
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González-Neves, G., G. Favre, and D. Piccardo. "Composición de vinos tintos elaborados por procedimientos alternativos de vinificación." BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 02040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191502040.

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Los procedimientos empleados en la vinificación pueden atenuar el impacto de eventos climáticos extremos, que afectan la calidad de los vinos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar una vinificación por maceración tradicional (MT) con una vinificación con extracción diferida de antocianos y maceración extendida (EDA+ME), en seis variedades de Vitis vinifera L. (Tannat, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Syrah y Marselan). Los vinos fueron analizados a los 6 meses de la vinificación. Los vinos de Marselan y Cabernet Sauvignon tuvieron pH muy elevados. Los vinos con mayores contenidos fenólicos totales fueron Tannat y Marselan, que también tuvieron los mayores contenidos de antocianos y proantocianidinas. La mayor intensidad colorante se obtuvo en los vinos Marselan y la menor en Syrah. Los vinos producidos con las dos técnicas presentaron diferencias en tonalidad y % de amarillo (mayores en EDA+ME) y rojo (mayores en MT). Los vinos MT tuvieron mayores contenidos de antocianos y taninos más polimerizados. Los vinos EDA+ME tuvieron contenidos significativamente mayores de polifenoles totales, catequinas y mayor reactividad de los taninos. Un Análisis Discriminante Canónico confirmó que la variedad de uva fue el factor que incidió en mayor medida en las características de los vinos.
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McCallum, J. L., H. Fisher, J. N. Strommer, and R. Tsao. "EFFECT OF TERROIR ON ANTHOCYANINS OF VITIS VINIFERA L. 'CABERNET SAUVIGNON' AND 'CABERNET FRANC' GROWN IN DIFFERENT NIAGARA APPELLATIONS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 827 (May 2009): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.827.49.

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Souza, Solange C., Karine H. Theodoro, Élson R. Souza, Silvana da Motta, and Maria Beatriz Abreu Glória. "Bioactive amines in Brazilian wines: types, levels and correlation with physico-chemical parameters." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48, no. 1 (January 2005): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132005000100009.

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The levels of ten bioactive amines and the physico-chemical characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc and Merlot wines from Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil, vintage of 1999 were investigated. The physico-chemical characteristics varied significantly: pH from 3.80 to 4.07, total acidity from 67.7 to 85.3 meq/L, alcohol content from 11.45 to 12.46 mL/100 mL and total SO2 from 9.6 to 102 mg/L. Six amines were detected in every sample - spermidine, putrescine, histamine, tyramine, serotonine and phenylethylamine. Total amine levels ranged from 2.03 to 7.60 mg/L. Putrescine was the prevalent amine, contributing with 20 to 66% of total levels. The amine profile and total levels were affected to a greater extent by vinification practices compared to grape type. There was significant correlation between some amines and also between amines and the physico-chemical parameters. Histamine levels were well below limits recommended by several countries.
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Popovic-Djordjevic, Jelena, Boris Pejin, Aleksandra Dramicanin, Sonja Jovic, Dragan Vujovic, Dragoljub Zunic, and Renata Ristic. "Wine Chemical Composition and Radical Scavenging Activity of Some Cabernet Franc Clones." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 18, no. 4 (May 5, 2017): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201018666170313100919.

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Manfroi, Luciano, Alberto Miele, Luiz Antenor Rizzon, Carlos I. N. Barradas, and Paulo V. D. de Souza. "Evolução da maturação da uva cabernet franc conduzida no sistema lira aberta." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 28, no. 2 (April 2004): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542004000200009.

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Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a evolução da maturação da uva ‘Cabernet Franc’ conduzida no sistema lira aberta. O trabalho foi realizado durante o ciclo vegetativo de 1995/96, em oito vinhedos instalados em diferentes regiões vitícolas dos municípios de Bento Gonçalves e Monte Belo do Sul, RS. As amostras, formadas por 200 bagas, foram coletadas semanalmente a partir do início da maturação e esmagadas para a extração do mosto. Determinaram-se as variáveis teor de sólidos solúveis totais (TSS), densidade, pH, acidez total, ácido tartárico e ácido málico. Pelos resultados, verificou-se que houve aumentos lineares significativos do teor de sólidos solúveis totais, da densidade, do pH e das relações TSS/acidez total e ácido tartárico/ácido málico; entretanto, houve diminuição linear e significativa da acidez total, do ácido tartárico e do ácido málico.
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Stanimirović, Bojana, Jelena Popović Djordjević, Boris Pejin, Radojka Maletić, Dragan Vujović, Petar Raičević, and Živoslav Tešić. "Impact of clonal selection on Cabernet Franc Grape and wine elemental profiles." Scientia Horticulturae 237 (July 2018): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.03.043.

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