Academic literature on the topic 'Cabina secondaria'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cabina secondaria"
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Vishweshwara, Sudhir Chitrapady, and Jalal Marhoon AL Dhali. "Experimental investigations on the performance of solar powered cabin air ventilator." World Journal of Engineering 12, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): 607–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.12.6.607.
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Sultanate of Oman witness a long summer with mostly clear blue skies and typically higher ambient temperatures as seen in other GCC countries. This type of environment warrants the use of high capacity and reliable air conditioning systems, both at resident buildings and vehicles. During summer, cars parked directly under the sun, experience a very high temperature rise inside its cabin in the range of near to 50 °C. This high cabin air temperature often causes thermal discomfort to passengers entering the parked car and also has a serious impact on the cars air-conditioning systems, as it takes longer time to bring back the thermal comfort inside the cabin. The studies also revealed that the high cabin temperature often causes health hazards to occupants, especially to infants. Current research paper, reports an experimental study carried out on a parked car, with instrumentation to identify the various the temperature zones inside the car cabin. This experiential study is aimed to improve the thermal comfort inside the cabin through solar powered cabin air ventilator for effective management of cabin air temperature. The study was carried on a chosen vehicle parked at a set direction and location exposed to day long sunlight at Muscat for considerable period of time. Firstly, the study identified the various temperature zones inside the car cabin and ventilation driven with a 10 Wp solar panel was developed to accomplish the required air exchange inside the cabin, along with continues instantaneous heat rejection through steady air exchange between inside and outside environment. A simple ventilator was developed by means of two fans which drove out the hot trapped air and a secondary fan to cool down the temperature inside the car by providing fresh air for limited time. The experimental investigation showed that the vehicle cabin temperature was typically 10 °C lower when ventilator was turned on. On a typical day on month of May, the cabin air temperatures was approximately 21 °C higher than the ambient air temperature, while with the developed ventilator the difference between the cabin and outside air temperature was reduced by 50% approximately. With the ventilator in operation, it was observed that time taken to reduce the cabin air temperature through vehicle air conditioning system to a satisfactory level was much quicker; typically it took less than the half of the time compared to those values tested without ventilator. Thus indicating, the power saving potential of the developed system as the desired level of thermal comfort can be achieved within the shorter period of time. The reduction in time taken to cool down the cabin temperature to the acceptable limits has direct two fold effects; firstly, the fuel consumption for cooling purpose is reduced and secondly, increased thermal comfort level inside the cars cabin. However, the temperature drop pattern was not similar all around the cabin, due to the varied level of cabin sunlight exposure. Temperature drop at the front of the car was lower than in middle and rear of the car. From the study it can be concluded that, with solar powered ventilator, the temperature inside the car was nearly 10 °C lesser compared to cabin without ventilator and it also helps in to bring back the thermal comfort inside the cabin nearly within half time vis-à-vis cabin without ventilation.
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Kong, Qing Fu, Yu Liang Dai, Shi Jian Zhu, and Jia Ming Wu. "Experimental Study on an Active Noise Control System for Turboprop Driven Aircraft." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 2142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.2142.
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In order to find a solution to the control of low frequency noise in the cabin of turboprop driven aircraft, an experimental active noise control (ANC) system is introduced in the paper, which consists of vibroacoustic field analogue subsystem, acoustic field measurement subsystem and acoustic barrier exciter subsystem. Effects of both different spaces between the primary sound source and secondary sound source of the ANC system and different frequency noises on noise-reduction result are investigated based on the experimental platform. Results of the experiment show a significant potential of the ANC method for the control of low frequency noise in the cabin of turboprop driven aircraft.
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Ji, Wenjing, and Bin Zhao. "Estimation of the contribution of secondary organic aerosol to PM2.0 concentration in aircraft cabins." Building and Environment 82 (December 2014): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.08.025.
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Russo, Andrea M., Emily P. Zeitler, Anna Giczewska, Adam P. Silverstein, Hussein R. Al-Khalidi, Yong-Mei Cha, Kristi H. Monahan, et al. "Association Between Sex and Treatment Outcomes of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Versus Drug Therapy." Circulation 143, no. 7 (February 16, 2021): 661–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.051558.
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Background: Among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), women are less likely to receive catheter ablation and may have more complications and less durable results. Most information about sex-specific differences after ablation comes from observational data. We prespecified an examination of outcomes by sex in the 2204-patient CABANA trial (Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation). Methods: CABANA randomized patients with AF age ≥65 years or <65 years with ≥1 risk factor for stroke to a strategy of catheter ablation with pulmonary vein isolation versus drug therapy with rate/rhythm control agents. The primary composite outcome was death, disabling stroke, serious bleeding, or cardiac arrest, and key secondary outcomes included AF recurrence. Results: CABANA randomized 819 (37%) women (ablation 413, drug 406) and 1385 men (ablation 695, drug 690). Compared with men, women were older (median age, 69 years versus 67 years for men), were more symptomatic (48% Canadian Cardiovascular Society AF Severity Class 3 or 4 versus 39% for men), had more symptomatic heart failure (42% with New York Heart Association Class ≥II versus 32% for men), and more often had a paroxysmal AF pattern at enrollment (50% versus 39% for men) ( P <0.0001 for all). Women were less likely to have ancillary (nonpulmonary vein) ablation procedures performed during the index procedure (55.7% versus 62.2% in men, P =0.043), and complications from treatment were infrequent in both sexes. For the primary outcome, the hazard ratio for those who underwent ablation versus drug therapy was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.62–1.65) in women and 0.73 (95% CI, 0.51–1.05) in men (interaction P value=0.299). The risk of recurrent AF was significantly reduced in patients undergoing ablation compared with those receiving drug therapy regardless of sex, but the effect was greater in men (hazard ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.51–0.82] for women versus hazard ratio, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.40–0.58] for men; interaction P value=0.060). Conclusions: Clinically relevant treatment-related strategy differences in the primary and secondary clinical outcomes of CABANA were not seen between men and women, and there were no sex differences in adverse events. The CABANA trial results support catheter ablation as an effective treatment strategy for both women and men. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT00911508.
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Li, He Jia, Hui Wang, Cheng Yao, Wen Ju Gao, De Hui Piao, Xi Long Chen, Ming Chang, and Yan Wei Cheng. "Develop Radiator Core Shape Parametric Modeling Software Based on Fluent Secondary Development Using VC++." Advanced Materials Research 744 (August 2013): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.744.258.
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Vehicle radiator is the important heat-exchange equipment to improve the power, economy and reliability of the engine and transmission device, the selection and design of radiator is limited by the vehicle cabin space. In order to meet the cooling requirements, radiator core shape design is optimized. During the radiator core shape optimal design, there is a manual repetitive operation problem when Fluent pre-processing software Gambit establishes 3D mesh model according to the different testing points, Fluent secondary development using VC++6.0 programming language develops the radiator core shape parametric modeling software and improves development efficiency.
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KOIZUMI, Takayuki, Nobutaka TSUJIUCHI, Shin NAKAMURA, Eiiti ISHIDA, and Katsuji AKAMATSU. "1425 Arrangement of ANC secondary sources based on acoustical analysis inside the agricultural tractor cabin." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2005.80 (2005): _14–51_—_14–52_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2005.80._14-51_.
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Bagdasarov, A. A., O. V. Bagdasarova, and V. A. Baryshev. "Evaluating the optimum possibilities of a single-component cabin indicator system for displaying secondary information." Journal of Optical Technology 86, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jot.86.000334.
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Cvok, Ivan, Igor Ratković, and Joško Deur. "Optimisation of Control Input Allocation Maps for Electric Vehicle Heat Pump-based Cabin Heating Systems." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 2, 2020): 5131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195131.
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The heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system negatively affects the electric vehicle (EV) driving range, especially under cold ambient conditions. Modern HVAC systems based on the vapour-compression cycle can be rearranged to operate in the heat pump mode to improve the overall system efficiency compared to conventional electrical/resistive heaters. Since such an HVAC system is typically equipped with multiple actuators (compressor, pumps, fans, valves), with the majority of them being controlled in open loop, an optimisation-based control input allocation is necessary to achieve the highest efficiency. This paper presents a genetic algorithm optimisation-based HVAC control input allocation method, which utilises a multi-physical HVAC system model implemented in Dymola/Modelica. The considered control inputs include the cabin inlet air temperature reference, blower and radiator fan air mass flows and secondary coolant loop pumps’ speeds. The optimal allocation is subject to specified, target cabin air temperatures and heating power. Additional constraints include actuator hardware limits and safety functions, such as maintaining the superheat temperature at its reference level. The optimisation objective is to maximise the system efficiency defined by the coefficient of performance (COP). The optimised allocation maps are fitted by proper mathematical functions to facilitate the control strategy implementation and calibration. The overall control strategy consists of superimposed cabin air temperature controller that commands heating power, control input allocation functions, and low-level controllers that ensure cabin inlet air and superheat temperature regulation. The control system performance is verified through Dymola simulations for the heat pump mode in a heat-up scenario. Control input allocation map optimisation results are presented for air-conditioning (A/C) mode, as well.
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Convery, Susan P., and Amy M. Swaney. "Analyzing Business Issues—With Excel: The Case of Superior Log Cabins, Inc." Issues in Accounting Education 27, no. 1 (December 1, 2011): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-50095.
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ABSTRACT This paper describes an instructional module developed for the principles of management accounting course to strengthen students' analytical problem-solving skills using spreadsheets. The module and all its components are presented first, followed by one of the four mini-cases used in a recent semester along with implementation guidance. The Analyzing Business Issues—with Excel (ABI-WE) mini-cases present a short business scenario, data related to the business issue, and a set of requirements to be completed using specific Excel functions from a directory of 40 covered in a semester. The mini-case itself is in Excel, so students can readily copy data into a solution worksheet. The primary focus is on analysis of the business issue using managerial accounting data, and the secondary learning objective is to develop an advanced level of expertise in selected spreadsheet functions; such as pivot tables, regression, if/then statements, V-lookup, conditional formatting, goal seek, and net present value.
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Cvok, Ivan, Igor Ratković, and Joško Deur. "Multi-Objective Optimisation-Based Design of an Electric Vehicle Cabin Heating Control System for Improved Thermal Comfort and Driving Range." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041203.
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Modern electric vehicle heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems operate in more efficient heat pump mode, thus, improving the driving range under cold ambient conditions. Coupling those HVAC systems with novel heating technologies such as infrared heating panels (IRP) results in a complex system with multiple actuators, which needs to be optimally coordinated to maximise the efficiency and comfort. The paper presents a multi-objective genetic algorithm-based control input allocation method, which relies on a multi-physical HVAC model and a CFD-evaluated cabin airflow distribution model implemented in Dymola. The considered control inputs include the cabin inlet air temperature, blower and radiator fan air mass flows, secondary coolant loop pump speeds, and IRP control settings. The optimisation objective is to minimise total electric power consumption and thermal comfort described by predictive mean vote (PMV) index. Optimisation results indicate that HVAC and IRP controls are effectively decoupled, and that a significant reduction of power consumption (typically from 20% to 30%) can be achieved using IRPs while maintaining the same level of thermal comfort. The previously proposed hierarchical HVAC control strategy is parameterised and extended with a PMV-based controller acting via IRP control inputs. The performance is verified through simulations in a heat-up scenario, and the power consumption reduction potential is analysed for different cabin air temperature setpoints.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cabina secondaria"
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Colendi, Grazia. "Studio e progettazione di nuove interconnessioni fra linee della rete di distribuzione dell'energia elettrica in media tensione per migliorare la continuità del servizio in assetto di emergenza." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Questa tesi è stata svolta presso HERAtech s.r.l. e riguarda la rete di distribuzione dell’energia elettrica in media tensione, focalizzandosi in particolare su due linee della rete del territorio modenese. A differenza della maggior parte delle linee per le quali, in caso di necessità, sono previsti più punti in cui è possibile attuare controalimentazioni tramite la chiusura di sezionatori normalmente aperti, queste hanno un solo possibile punto di connessione e in particolare una linea è la controalimentazione dell’altra. Questo assicura la continuità del servizio in caso di primo guasto, ma non la garantisce in caso di secondo guasto. Scopo di questa tesi è quindi individuare altri possibili punti di connessione con la rete delle linee suddette. Attraverso una metodologia di lavoro applicabile a casi di studio analoghi, tramite il software di modellazione Power Factory sono state eseguite simulazioni della situazione attuale in condizioni di assetto standard e in caso di guasto e simulazioni delle situazioni progettuali ipotizzate. Infine, a seguito di sopralluoghi e valutazioni tecnico – economiche, sono stati formulati due progetti. Questi prevedono la rialimentazione delle due linee da altre due linee della rete ed è stata riscontrata una riduzione del numero di utenti che rimarrebbero fuori servizio in caso di secondo guasto, a differenza dello stato attuale per cui risulterebbero disalimentate quasi tutte le utenze.
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Ribeiro, Sara Isabel Macedo. "Alterações na cavidade oral provocadas pelo tratamento de radioterapia em pacientes com cancro de cabeça e pescoço." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3702.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina DentáriaO cancro de cabeça e pescoço representa cerca de 10% dos tumores malignos a nível mundial, e anualmente são diagnosticados sensivelmente 500.000 novos casos em todo o mundo. A nível nacional, o cancro de cabeça e pescoço é uma neoplasia maligna relativamente frequente, sendo responsável por uma taxa de mortalidade elevada. No ano de 2005 e 2006 foram registados 10286 doentes no RORENO, e destes, 1240 eram referentes à cavidade oral e pescoço, sendo as principais localizações na glândula tiroideia, seguida da laringe, esófago, boca (que inclui a gengiva, o pavimento da boca, palato e o trígono retromolar), língua, amígdala, lábio, hipofaringe, nasofaringe, orofaringe e glândulas salivares. Não só o cancro oral produz alterações na cavidade oral, bem como a terapia utilizada para o tratamento dos diversos tipos de neoplasias. A radioterapia é uma das formas terapêuticas utilizada para o tratamento das neoplasias da cabeça e pescoço, porém apesar da sua eficácia esta modalidade terapêutica também promove alguns efeitos adversos, tais como a mucosite, xerostomia, dermatite, disfagia, disgeusia, infecções secundárias, cárie por radiação, trismo, necrose de tecido mole e osteorradionecrose. Estes efeitos colaterais decorrentes da radioterapia estão relacionados com a dose de radiação, a forma de administração, a extensão e a localização da área a ser irradiada, bem como a qualidade e poder de penetração da radiação e dos factores individuais do paciente. Deste modo, os danos da radiação podem manifestar-se gradualmente ao longo de muitos meses ou anos após o terminar do tratamento e/ou ocorrer meses depois do termino da terapia antitumoral. As complicações do cancro de cabeça e pescoço encontram-se entre as mais devastadoras a curto e a longo prazo, por afectarem as actividades humanas mais básicas, tais como alimentar-se e comunicar-se. Assim, é de grande importância que o Médico Dentista, a fim de minimizar os transtornos decorrentes da terapia antitumoral, examine o paciente antes de iniciar o tratamento antineoplásico, e inicie um programa de higiene oral e seja instruído sobre a importância desta higienização no decurso do tratamento oncológico. Assim sendo, é necessário uma equipa multidisciplinar, do qual o Médico Dentista faça parte, de modo a tornar mais digna a vida dos pacientes com este tipo de patologia, ou mesmo prevenir tais complicações surgidas devido à terapêutica. The head and neck cancer represents about 10% of malignant tumors worldwide, and are diagnosed annually substantially 500,000 new cases worldwide. Nationally, the head and neck cancer is a relatively common malignancy, accounting for a high mortality rate. In 2005 and 2006 were 10286 registered patients in RORENO, and of these, 1240 were related to the oral cavity and neck, and the main locations in the thyroid gland, followed by the larynx, esophagus, mouth (including gum, floor of mouth, palate and retromolar trigone), tongue, tonsil, lip, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx and salivary glands. Not only oral cancer produces changes in the oral cavity as well as the therapy used for treating various types of neoplasms. Radiation therapy is one way used for the therapeutic treatment of cancers of head and neck, but despite its efficacy, this type of treatment also promotes some adverse effects, such as mucositis, xerostomia, dermatitis, dysphagia, dysgeusia, secondary infections, caries by radiation, trismus, soft tissue necrosis and osteoradionecrosis. These side effects resulting from radiotherapy are related to the radiation dose, the administration form, the extent and location of the area to be irradiated, and the quality and and the penetrating power of the radiation and the individual factors of the patient. This way, the radiation damage may occur gradually over many months or years after the end of the treatment and / or occur months after the end of antitumor therapy. Complications of head and neck cancers are among the most devastating in the short and long term, to affect the most basic human activities such as eating and communicating. Thus, it is very important that the dentist, in order to minimize the problems caused antitumor therapy, examine the patient before starting their treatment, and initiate a program of oral hygiene and instructed on the importance of hygiene during the cancer treatment. Therefore, it is necessary a multidisciplinary team, of which the dentist is an essential part, to make more worthy the life of patients with this type of pathology, or even prevent such complications arising due to therapy.
Books on the topic "Cabina secondaria"
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Bartashevich, Aleksandr. Furniture and joinery design. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1083295.
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The textbook discusses the types, classification of furniture, joinery and requirements for them; the methodology and process of furniture design, its organizational forms; the basics of design design: functional, ergonomic, technological, composite; General technical conditions for furniture, fittings, joinery, etc. Types of product quality control are described. The basics of automating the design of Cabinet furniture are described.
For students of institutions that implement educational programs of secondary vocational education in the specialty "woodworking technology".
Book chapters on the topic "Cabina secondaria"
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Ringrose, Jessica, and Emma Renold. "Cows, Cabins and Tweets: Posthuman Intra-active Affect and Feminist Fire in Secondary School." In Posthuman Research Practices in Education, 220–41. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137453082_14.
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Lu, Wenchao, Jiandong Duan, Zainan Li, Xiaotong Du, and Linyun Guo. "Radiation Magnetic Field Research of Primary/Secondary Fusion Switch Cabinet Based on Frequency Scaling Approach." In The Proceedings of the 9th Frontier Academic Forum of Electrical Engineering, 235–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6606-0_22.
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Khitha, Samarth, Karan Castello, Nihal Saldanha, Simran Ahluwalia, and Sheena Oberoi. "Flying High." In Global Observations of the Influence of Culture on Consumer Buying Behavior, 233–60. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2727-5.ch014.
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The chapter involves the design of a research based on the primary data collected on the airline preferences of individuals in urban India of different age groups from 16-84, belonging to diverse cities from across India. It focusses on gathering data on various aspects of economic status of people and the different flights they prefer based on various amenities like punctuality, pricing of tickets, baggage allowance etc. It also explores respondents' enrolment in reward programmes, their preferred cabin classes, their most frequent means of booking their tickets etc. The chapter has used primary and secondary data to analyse the problem under study. The study seeks to derive the choices of Indians per se about the way to travel by airways.
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Khitha, Samarth, Karan Castello, Nihal Saldanha, Simran Ahluwalia, and Sheena Oberoi. "Flying High." In Research Anthology on Reliability and Safety in Aviation Systems, Spacecraft, and Air Transport, 1246–73. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5357-2.ch051.
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The chapter involves the design of a research based on the primary data collected on the airline preferences of individuals in urban India of different age groups from 16-84, belonging to diverse cities from across India. It focusses on gathering data on various aspects of economic status of people and the different flights they prefer based on various amenities like punctuality, pricing of tickets, baggage allowance etc. It also explores respondents' enrolment in reward programmes, their preferred cabin classes, their most frequent means of booking their tickets etc. The chapter has used primary and secondary data to analyse the problem under study. The study seeks to derive the choices of Indians per se about the way to travel by airways.
Conference papers on the topic "Cabina secondaria"
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Yang, Ning, Shengjun Guo, Yongqiang Niu, and Wei Wang. "Finite Element Analysis and Optimization Design of the Base of Prefabricated Cabin for Secondary Combination Devices." In 2017 9th International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (IHMSC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ihmsc.2017.127.
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Argentini, T., M. Belloli, F. C. Robustelli, L. Martegani, and G. Fraternale. "Innovative Designs for the Suspension System of Horizontal-Axis Washing Machines: Secondary Suspensions and Tuned Mass Dampers." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64425.
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Cabinet vibrations during spinning cycles of washing machines are often perceived negatively by customers, both in acoustic and visual terms. Therefore, in a market that is more and more oriented towards customer satisfaction and appliance efficiency, reducing cabinet vibrations and noise is a very attractive target. Previous experimental campaigns have highlighted that currently installed dry-friction dampers have highly non-linear characteristics and they are the main source of broadband forcing on the cabinet panels. To overcome these negative effects, two innovative designs for the suspension system have been studied and are here presented: the first solution is a secondary suspension system, designed to filter out the high frequency force components introduced by the dampers and therefore to mitigate panel vibrations; the second solution is more radical and it consists in removing the existing dampers and to substitute them with a tuned mass damper (TMD), directly fixed to the oscillating group. These solutions are a compromise between cost and efficiency, since a linear oil damper would impact excessively on the final cost of the appliance. The secondary suspension system has been designed to meet the very strict requirements of the manufacturer: low cost (which implies small mass) and applicable to the existing machine without any modification of any part other than the dampers themselves. The desired results have been achieved increasing the mass of the damper rod and introducing a fixed-fixed (or hinged-hinged) beam spring. The prototype of the secondary suspension has been tested independently and assembled in the washing machine, and the vibratory and acoustic results will be reported. The introduction of a TMD and the contextual removal of the dry-friction dampers, on the contrary, requires the modification of the oscillating group in order to work efficiently. As a matter of fact, a principle for the design of oscillating groups is the space optimization, which usually leads to asymmetric distributions of mass of the oscillating group, that in their turn lead to asymmetrically coupled mode shapes. This dynamic characteristic does not suit the design of a simple and compact TMD, with a limited number of degrees of freedom. We show that careful mass distribution and a specifically designed 2-dofs TMD can efficiently substitute the original dampers. An elemental prototype of the so defined TMD has been tested on a shaking table, and it seems an effective alternative to classical suspension systems.
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Bodla, Murali, Riyazuddin Mohammed, Rajesh Bhangale, and Khumbhar Mansinh. "Identification of Sound Quality Parameters With Respect to Subjective Feel of HVAC Noise of Diesel SUV’s." In ASME 2012 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2012. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2012-1280.
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Recent trends in developing quieter diesel power plants in automobiles leading to unmasking the secondary sound sources. One of the major secondary sound sources of in-cabin noise is HVAC system. HVAC noise is one such sound likely to be present as long as the automobile is in use. In extreme climatic conditions, like in India, HVAC is majorly operated at higher speeds and adding to that SUV volume requires more air circulation which generates lot of flow induced noise. Under these conditions, the contribution of HVAC noise is more significant for passengers and many a times it influences subjective cognition that causes the driver’s emotional response to be unpleasant, it is more important to identify the most significant sound quality parameters that contribute to the perception of HVAC noise. Measurements were done on five different diesel SUVs with different HVAC operating conditions each having variable fan speeds with engine on and off respectively. Using the semantic differential technique subjective rating of the measured signals has been done. The psycho acoustic parameters calculated objectively for the measured interior sounds later those were compared with subjective rating by using HVAC noise function (HNF) to obtain the suitable parameters to represent HVAC noise.
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Kim, Tae-Uk, JeongWoo Shin, and Sang Wook Lee. "Design and Testing of a Crashworthy Landing Gear." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52474.
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The development of a crashworthy landing gear is presented based on the civil regulations and the military specifications. For this, two representative crashworthy requirements are applied to helicopter landing gear design; the nose gear is designed to collapse in a controlled manner so that it does not penetrate the cabin and cause secondary hazards, and the main gear has to absorb energy as much as possible in crash case to decelerate the aircraft. To satisfy the requirements, the collapse mechanism triggered by shear-pin failure and the shock absorber using blow-off valve are implemented in the nose and main gear, respectively. The crash performance of landing gear is demonstrated by drop tests. In the tests, performance data such as ground reaction loads and shock absorber stroke are measured and crash behaviors are recorded by high-speed camera. The test data shows a good agreement with the prediction by simulation model, which proves the validity of the design and analysis.
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Thorbole, Chandrashekhar K., and Stephen A. Batzer. "Occupant Protection via Frontal Crash Testing Analysis." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68658.
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During frontal collisions, two central characteristics that define a vehicle’s crashworthiness are the occupant compartment deceleration magnitude and the level of occupant compartment intrusion. The deceleration severity determines seat belt loading for restrained occupants and the severity of secondary impacts of occupants against interior structures. Occupant compartment intrusion diminishes the survival space and increases the probability of individual occupants receiving worst injuries. Proper evaluation of a vehicle’s crashworthiness requires full scale crash testing as per standards defined by FMVSS 208, and this physical testing could be supplemented by virtual testing. The 208 standard specifies performance requirements for the vehicle in order to reduce the number and severity of the occupant injuries. FMVSS 208 crash testing involves rigid barrier impact tests at 30 mph, and the vehicle must be certified for all impact angles from −30 to +30 degrees. Allowance is made for the manufacturer to substitute engineering judgement for actual testing at each angle. The agreement of the vehicle to the test requirements ensures a reasonable degree of occupant safety. This study investigates virtual frontal testing to replicate severe crashes resulting in occupant compartment intrusion. The study is conducted using a validated FEA model of a 1998 Chevrolet S-10 standard cab pickup truck. It details simulation results from a variety of impact angles and velocities in order to determine the best potential test procedure for a frontal crash scenario. The results of this computational analysis demonstrate the offset frontal MDB (vehicle-to-vehicle) impact test procedure to be rigorous and capable of evaluating both the aspect of crashworthy performance of the vehicle. This test procedure resulted significant cabin intrusion along with cabin deceleration severity comparable to frontal rigid barrier 30 mph full width test.
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Jokar, Amir, Steven J. Eckels, and Mohammad H. Hosni. "Evaluation of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop for the Heater-Core in an Automotive Heat Pump System." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60824.
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The heat transfer and pressure drop results for a heater-core of an automotive system are presented and discussed in this article. The heater-core is a type of compact heat exchanger that is used as part of an automobile heating-cooling system for heating the passenger cabin on cold seasons. The automotive heating-cooling system in this study includes a standard refrigeration cycle consists of a condenser, an evaporator, a compressor and an expansion valve using the refrigerant R134a as the working fluid. Furthermore, the system uses two separate secondary fluid loops using a 50% glycol-water mixture to exchange energy with the main refrigeration loop. During the cold weather season, the system is operated in the heat pump mode and one of the fluid loops is used to transfer heat from the condenser to the heater-core for heating the passenger cabin. The heat transfer from the heater-core to the passenger cabin is accomplished using air flow through the heater-core openings in an unmixed and cross-flow fashion. The air-side of the heater-core has a unique louver system that is intended to enhance the air-side heat transfer while the glycol-side has a twisted wire inserts to enhance flow turbulence and heat transfer. Semi-empirical correlations for the heat transfer and pressure drop for both glycol-water mixture and air flows in the heater-core are proposed. The flow of the glycol-water mixture in the heater-core is a single-phase flow within a bundle of parallel circular tubes with the twisted wire inserts. The flow of air through the heater-core is approximated as a flow across a finned-tube compact heat exchanger with continuous plate-fins. A modified Wilson plot technique is applied to determine correlations for heat transfer on both glycol-water mixture and air sides. The frictional pressure drop on the glycol-side is calculated from the total measured pressure drop and adjusted for pressure drops within manifolds and inlet/outlet ports. The results for the heat transfer and pressure drop analyses are finally plotted, discussed and compared with the relevant previous studies. These results show that the heat transfer rate is increased in the glycol-side due to the twisted wire inserts, in comparison with the smooth circular tubes. The air-side heat transfer rate is also enhanced due to the louvers in the air passages, as compared to flat-plate fins in compact heat exchangers.
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Scanlon, T., P. Wilson, G. Priestman, and J. Tippetts. "Development of a Novel Flow Control Device for Limiting the Efflux of Air Through a Failed Pipe." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59662.
Full textAbstract:
The secondary air-systems of a gas turbine engine frequently incorporate pipes and ducts to transport air for duties such as cooling and sealing of the turbine components, pressurisation of the aircraft cabin and component de-icing. The engine must be capable of operating safely in the event of failure of a pipe or duct. The ducts typically pass through the low pressure ventilation zones outboard of the core engine and failure will result in a large mass flow of relatively high temperature air escaping from the secondary air system; the design of the engine must accommodate this potential escape so that no component is over-pressurised or over-heated as a result. A novel device is presented that will limit the flow that escapes in the event of a pipe failure. This device has been developed from a number of flow elements from Fluidic technology applications. It has no moving parts and is thus suitable for use as a high-reliability failure protection device. The device consists of a Coanda diverter that can switch the flow through a vortex throttle so that the device has high and low resistance states. The diverter is conditioned to default to the low resistance state unless a control flow extracted from the device exceeds a critical value whereupon it will switch the device to a high resistance state. The level of the control flow is determined by the pressure ratio acting across the device. This is achieved by contrasting the flow characteristics of a metering orifice that determines the control flow with that of a diffuser fitted to the device outlet. The device has been shown to half the flow that escapes from a failed duct compared with an unrestricted duct of the same flow capacity. Experimental and numerical results are presented that show that the device is effective at the high pressure ratios pertaining to gas turbine operation. With suitable modification the device could be adapted to fulfill a number of other functions within a secondary air-system that require variation of flow resistance in response to a change in pressure ratio combined with the high reliability and robustness of a no-moving-parts device.
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Perullo, Christopher A., Dimitri N. Mavris, and Eduardo Fonseca. "An Integrated Assessment of an Organic Rankine Cycle Concept for Use in Onboard Aircraft Power Generation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95734.
Full textAbstract:
It is well established that there are advantages in moving towards non-pneumatic engine secondary systems. Such systems are used primarily to provide pressurization, cabin climate control, and de-icing; however, as bypass ratios continue to grow and engine cores become more efficient, the engine fan diameter is increased and core size is diminished. As a consequence, pneumatic off-takes require a larger percentage of the core flow leading to larger performance penalties. One current solution is to drive the aircraft environmental control systems (ECS) with large engine driven electric compressors rather than to use high pressure air from the core. Since cores are generally less sensitive to electrical power off-takes than to pneumatic off-takes this results in a smaller performance penalty. [F1] Using electrical air compressors also ensures fresh, clean air is delivered to the ECS thereby eliminating the risk of engine bleed contaminated cabin air. This research uses the Environmental Design Space (EDS) to examine the feasibility of recovering engine core exhaust heat to perform useful work within the aircraft. EDS serves to capture interdependencies at the conceptual design level of fuel burn, emissions, and noise for conventional and advanced engine and airframe architectures [F2]. Recovering exhaust heat is accomplished through a novel concept that makes use of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC).The concept is similar in principle to heat recovery steam generators used in power plant applications to improve combined cycle efficiency [3]. The main difference is the ORC system is relatively lightweight and appropriate for use onboard an aircraft. The waste heat in this application is used to generate electricity to drive external air compressors to supply flow to the ECS. As a result pneumatic bleeds within the engine can be eliminated, thereby eliminating growing performance penalties associated with shrinking core size and increased fan diameters. An ORC is considered because ORC cycles are ideal for extracting low grade heat. As an additional benefit the ORC vapor cycle can use the fan inlet and wing leading edge anti-ice devices as a condensation heat transfer mechanism that could also allow the system to provide anti-icing capabilities, further reducing engine pneumatic off-takes. The current research focuses on the system as applied the ORC concept to a CFM56 sized engine and has analytically demonstrated from a 0.9% to a 2.5% benefit in vehicle fuel burn relative to a conventional, pneumatically driven ECS. Actual fuel burn savings are dependent on the net installation weight of the ORC cycle.
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Wang, Jue, Longze Li, Chen Hu, and Wang Cong. "Extended Ultimate Response Measures for Offshore Nuclear Power Plant Under Barge-Reactor Coupled Conditions." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81159.
Full textAbstract:
Compared with the land-based nuclear power plant, the operating conditions of offshore nuclear power plant (ONPP) are much more complicated. For example, the barge-mounted platform malfunction, which is as important as the natural events and human events, should be considered in the plant safety analysis,. As a result, a two dimension operating condition coupled with barge and reactor status should be considered in the development of relevant power plant operating procedures. On the other hand, the beyond design basis hazards induced by the combination of unique and unanticipated external events of ONPP may lead to a blind area to both traditional and two dimension procedures mentioned above. Due to the insufficiency of existing operating condition and relevant procedures to tackle with the above events mentioned, an expanded operation strategy, namely the beyond design basis hazards and the extended ultimate response measures, is developed, Injecting sea water into reactor pressure vessel directly after primary system depressurized and venting the containment when necessary, formed the basis of ultimate response measure, which was proposed by Taiwan Power Company after Fukushima Accident. Considering the offshore and barge-mounted features, the ultimate response measure can be extended to include sea water injection into steam generator indirectly through secondary side passive residual heat removal lines and reactor cabin flooding by sea water through Kingston valves, to rebuild a newly, hierarchical one. Finally, the extended ultimate response measures, provided mainly for the plant command staff and operators, are analyzed utilizing thermal-hydraulic integral computer code preliminarily, to prove the effectiveness of the system configuration and operating strategy. It is concluded that injecting sea water into steam generator can remove the decay heat effectively, and the sensitivity study shows that operator intervention is good enough in accident mitigation.
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Bergstro¨m, Lena, Maria Lindberg, Anders Lindstro¨m, Bo Wirendal, and Joachim Lorenzen. "Proven Concepts for LLW-Treatment of Large Components for Free-Release and Recycling." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7218.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes Studsvik’s technical concept of LLW-treatment of large, retired components from nuclear installations in operation or in decommissioning. Many turbines, heat exchangers and other LLW components have been treated in Studsvik during the last 20 years. This also includes development of techniques and tools, especially our latest experience gained under the pilot project for treatment of one full size PWR steam generator from Ringhals NPP, Sweden. The ambition of this pilot project was to minimize the waste volumes for disposal and to maximize the material recycling. Another objective, respecting ALARA, was the successful minimization of the dose exposure to the personnel. The treatment concept for large, retired components comprises the whole sequence of preparations from road and sea transports and the management of the metallic LLW by segmentation, decontamination and sorting using specially devised tools and shielded treatment cell, to the decision criteria for recycling of the metals, radiological analyses and conditioning of the residual waste into the final packages suitable for customer-related disposal. For e.g. turbine rotors with their huge number of blades the crucial moments are segmentation techniques, thus cold segmentation is a preferred method to keep focus on minimization of volumes for secondary waste. Also a variety of decontamination techniques using blasting cabinet or blasting tumbling machines keeps secondary waste production to a minimum. The technical challenge of the treatment of more complicated components like steam generators also begins with the segmentation. A first step is the separation of the steam dome in order to dock the rest of the steam generator to a specially built treatment cell. Thereafter, the decontamination of the tube bundle is performed using a remotely controlled manipulator. After decontamination is concluded the cutting of the tubes as well as of the shell is performed in the same cell with remotely controlled tools. Some of the sections of steam dome shell or turbine shafts can be cleared directly for unconditional reuse without melting after decontamination and sampling program. Experience shows that the amount of material possible for clearance for unconditional use is between 95 – 97% for conventional metallic scrap. For components like turbines, heat exchangers or steam generators the recycling ratio can vary to about 80–85% of the initial weight.