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Journal articles on the topic 'Cable structures'
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1
SHU, GANPING, SIU LAI CHAN, and ZHITAO LÜ. "SECOND-ORDER ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF CABLES AND CABLE-FRAMES." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 05, no. 04 (December 2005): 521–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455405001696.
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Cable structures are lightweighted, simple to fabricate and reusable. They provide effective solutions for large-span structures. Analysis of cables is complex because of their highly geometrically nonlinear behavior. Based on the Lagrangian formulation and a fourth-order polynomial displacement function, the tangent stiffness matrix for a five-node curved cable element is derived and statically condensed to a simple form readily for incorporation into a frame analysis computer program. The program uses the pointwise–equilibrium–polynomial (PEP) element with initial imperfection and the "Nonlinear Integrated Design and Analysis (NIDA)" method for design and nonlinear analysis of cabled structures. Numerical examples demonstrate the robustness and practicality of the proposed method.
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Qin, Jie, Zhu Ju, Feng Liu, and Qiang Zhang. "Cable Force Identification for Pre-Stressed Steel Structures Based on a Multi-Frequency Fitting Method." Buildings 12, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101689.
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As cables are the most critical components of pre-stressed steel structures, accurate identification of the cable force is necessary. This paper established a vibration equation of a multi-brace strut cable, which ignores the influence of sagging and changes in the cable force during the vibration. The form of cable vibration was also developed based on the vibration theory of cables. The analytical solutions of cable vibration equations under different boundary conditions were derived by studying the vibration models of single-span cables. The cable vibration under arbitrary boundary conditions was discussed. Additionally, based on the multi-span cable element vibration theory, the theoretical model of multi-span cable vibration and a cable force calculation method were proposed. A realization principle and an algorithm of the multi-frequency fitting method were proposed to calculate and identify the cable force. Further, the accuracy of the cable force calculated by the proposed method was verified based on a multi-span cable model test and two practical project experiments. The results show that the cable force was calculated with a relative error of 8%. Finally, a cable safety monitoring system was developed and established.
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Qiu, Minghong, Houjun Kang, Tieding Guo, and Haiping Zhu. "In-Plane Elastic Buckling Behavior of Circular Tied Cable-Arches." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 17, no. 08 (October 2017): 1750088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455417500882.
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Cable-arch structures, having features of the flexibility of cable and rigidity of arch, have often been used in structural and bridge engineering. It is important to fully understand the behavior of such a structure under various conditions. For this purpose, in this paper, linear and nonlinear elastic buckling analysis of four cable-arch related structures, including tied cable-arch structure, pure arch, tied arch and cable-arch, were conducted using the finite element methods under different boundary and load conditions with the stability of these structures compared. Furthermore, the parametric analysis was carried out to investigate the influence of numbers and inclined angles of hangers and cables, materials of cables and stiffness of tie beam on the buckling behavior of tied cable-arch. The results indicate that the stability of pure arch and tied arch can be enhanced by anchoring cables on the arch rib due to the increase in stiffness. Moreover, the weaker the stiffness of an arch, the greater the cable’s contribution to structural stiffness. The stability of a tied cable-arch is quite sensitive to the inclined angle of hangers and cables, the number and materials of cables, and tie bar, but not to the fracture of two hangers. The study gives us a complete understanding of the elastic buckling behavior of circular tied cable-arch structures.
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Agócs, Zoltán, and Ján Brodniansky. "Cable structures." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 46, no. 1-3 (April 1998): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-974x(98)00041-8.
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Yu, Xiaoming, Yinghua Yang, Yanxia Ji, and Lin Li. "Experimental Study on Static Performance of Deployable Bridge Based on Cable-Strengthened Scissor Structures." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (November 17, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4373486.
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The deployable bridge based on scissor structures is one of the effective methods to quickly restore traffic after natural and man-made disasters. Scissor structures have the advantages of high storage rate, lightweight, and convenient storage and transportation. However, when scissor structures are used as load-bearing structures, their stiffness and bearing capacity are low. In this study, a three-dimensional deployable bridge based on the cable-strengthened scissor structures was proposed. In addition to rapid expansion, steel cables were used to strengthen scissor structures to improve the stiffness and bearing capacity. Besides, the static loading comparative tests on cable-strengthened scissor structures and traditional scissor structures (cable-free scissor structures) were performed. The results show that the stiffness of the cable-free scissor structure is small, the bending moment of members is large, and the stress distribution is uneven. The stiffness of cable-strengthened scissor structure is significantly improved; the bending moment of members is significantly reduced; and the stress distribution in the member section is more uniform. It is proved that cables can be used to improve the stiffness and load-bearing capacity of scissor structures without affecting the deployability.
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Кужахметова, Эльвира, and El'vira Kuzhahmetova. "METHODS OF CALCULATING CABLES AND CABLE STRUCTURES." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c73fc07ba7858.43737360.
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Jalali, Mohammad Hadi, and Geoff Rideout. "Analytical and experimental investigation of cable–beam system dynamics." Journal of Vibration and Control 25, no. 19-20 (August 2019): 2678–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546319867171.
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Interactions between cables and structures affect the design and nondestructive testing of electricity transmission lines, guyed towers, and bridges. An analytical model for an electricity pole beam–cable system is presented, which can be extended to other applications. A cantilever beam is connected to two stranded cables. The cables are modeled as tensioned Euler–Bernoulli beams, considering the sag due to self-weight. The pole is also modeled as a cantilever Euler–Bernoulli beam and the equations of motion are derived using Hamilton’s principle. The model was validated with a reduced-scale system in the laboratory and a setup was designed to accurately measure the bending stiffness of the stranded cable under tension. It is concluded that the bending stiffness and sag of the cable have a significant effect on the dynamics of beam–cable structures. By adding the cable to the pole structure, some hybrid modes emerge in the eigenvalue solution of the system. Modes with antisymmetric cable motion are sag-independent and the modes with symmetric cable motion are dependent on the cable sag. The effect of sag on the natural frequencies is more significant when the bending stiffness of the cables is higher.
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YANG, Y. B., and JIUNN-YIN TSAY. "TWO-NODE CATENARY CABLE ELEMENT WITH RIGID-END EFFECT AND CABLE SHAPE ANALYSIS." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 11, no. 03 (June 2011): 563–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021945541100421x.
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The effect of rigid ends is considered in the formulation of a general two-node cable element for the analysis of cable-supported structures. The stiffness matrix of the catenary cable element was derived as the inverse of the flexibility matrix, with allowances for self-weight and pretension effects. In modeling the cables of suspension bridge, distinction is made between single cables (e.g., stay cables and hangers) and multi segment cables (e.g., main cables). The unstressed length of each cable element in terms of the pretension force is determined by a trial-and-error procedure prior to structural analysis. Cable shape analysis was conducted to determine the configuration of main cables for cable-supported bridges under the dead loads. It was demonstrated that the effect of rigid ends cannot be ignored for taut cables, that is, cables with large pretensions. Further, the cable element derived can be reliably used in the analysis of cable-supported bridges, regardless of the sag magnitudes.
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Hu, Zongyu, Jun Wang, Jida Zhao, and Yiyi Chen. "Experimental study on wheel-spoke crossed cable structures." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 15 (May 19, 2018): 2340–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218773456.
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Wheel-spoke crossed cable structure is a new type of cable-strut structure. In this article, the tension forming and static performance of wheel-spoke crossed cable structure are experimentally investigated by testing four scale models under full-span and half-span downward uniform load, and the effect of structural parameters including variable prestress level, height difference between inner ring and outer ring, and layer height of inner ring is studied by finite element method as well. The test results indicate that radial cables tensioning scheme is effective for wheel-spoke crossed cable structure to reach initial prestress state, and wheel-spoke crossed cable structure possesses excellent load-carrying capacity and structural stiffness since internal forces and vertical displacements of models vary almost linearly under such load cases. Moreover, the static test results are in good agreement with the finite element analysis results, confirming that the model design, measurement methods, and loading schemes are reasonable. Therefore, the results of this study can provide valuable reference for the design and application of wheel-spoke crossed cable structure.
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Belmas, Ivan, Olena Bilous, Ganna Tantsura, and Angelina Shvachka. "The dependence of the internal electrical resistance of the cable rubber rope on the presence of a cable rupture." Mechanics and Advanced Technologies 6, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2022.6.1.250801.
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Problems. The introduction of steel reinforced concrete coatings of structures, in our opinion, is preceded by the development of methods for monitoring the state of cable-stayed ropes - creating safe conditions for long-term operation of structures.
The aim of the study. Analytical determination of the dependence of the internal electrical resistance of a cable-stayed rubber cable rope on the presence of a cable rupture.
Methods of implementation. To control all cables, the system must provide alternate monitoring of the electrical resistances of the circuits formed by the cables, compare them with reference values, and issue a signal regarding the condition of the rope. It should be designed on the basis of the following data: the type and design of the cable-stayed rope, its length, the number and layout of the cables in the rope, the ability to access one or both of its ends, the electrical properties of the cables and rubber, the resistance values of the cables for all schemes of their determination.
Research results. Requirements for the automatic control system of the cable-stayed rubber cord rope. The regularity of the dependence of the electrical resistance of the cable-stayed rope on the burst of an arbitrary cable. Possibility of automatic control of the state of the rubber-cable cable-stayed rope.
Conclusions. The results obtained can be considered quite reliable, since the equations obtained on the basis of the fundamental provisions of electrical engineering are obtained analytically in a closed form. Experimental studies have established that the internal electrical resistance of the rope cables depends on its properties and the presence or absence of damage to the cables. The rope includes a number of cables. Any cable can be damaged.
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Coarita, Ever, and Leonardo Flores. "Nonlinear Analysis of Structures Cable - Truss." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 3 (June 2015): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2015.v7.786.
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Gao, Xing, Jinqing Jia, Guoxiong Mei, Xiaohua Bao, Lihua Zhang, and Xiaoping Liao. "A New Prestress Loss Calculation Model of Anchor Cable in Pile–Anchor Structure." Mathematics 10, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10081260.
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Pile–anchor structures are widely used in foundation excavation and slope reinforcement due to their safety and reliability. However, the pile–anchor structures have the common problem of the prestress loss of anchor cables, which may reduce the stability of the structures. To accurately predict the prestress loss of anchor cables, a new prestress loss calculation model was established, and the availability of the prestress loss calculation model was verified through engineering cases. Meanwhile, aiming at the long-term prestress loss of anchor cables, the coupled creep behavior of anchor cable–rock and soil was studied and an anchor cable–rock and soil coupled creep model suitable for pile–anchor structures is proposed. The model test confirms that the coupled creep model could accurately describe the coupled creep behavior of the anchor cable and the rock and soil mass. The models provide a theoretical basis for the study of the prestress of anchor cables in pile–anchor structures, and have a guiding significance for the design and construction in foundation excavation and slope engineering.
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Zhang, Qi Lin, Da Lin Li, and Ru Jin Ma. "Field Measurement of Cable Tension Using Energy Method." Advanced Materials Research 230-232 (May 2011): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.708.
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For existing cable structures, vibration frequency method (VFM) seems to be the common way to determine the tensile force of the cables. However, the applicability of this method is limited by the specific conditions of cables. Only well tensioned slender cables with simple boundary conditions can be measured through VFM directly without causing much error. In this paper, the vibration mode of the cable is measured and then cable tension is calculated via energy conservation principle.
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Hong, Shi Cong, Du Jian Zou, Ming Hai Wei, and Kun Lin. "Effects of Supporting Member on the Nonlinear Parametric Resonance of a Cable." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 16, no. 02 (February 25, 2016): 1450096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455414500965.
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The cables in cable-supported structures are commonly subjected to potentially damaging large amplitude motions mainly arising from parametric vibrations of the cables. This paper presents an analysis of the effects of supporting member on the nonlinear parametric vibration of a cable using a coupled cable-beam model. The proposed model considers the parameters of the beam and geometric nonlinearities of the cable. First, the multiple scales method is applied directly to the model, and by using the first-order equation, the frequency response and stability conditions are obtained. The effects of the mass ratio, stiffness ratio, and inclined angle of the coupled model are then evaluated. Then, the effects of these parameters on the parametric vibration characteristics of cable are investigated in terms of the maximum mid-span displacement and dynamic amplification factor. The results obtained represent an extension of the previous studies, which provide some useful insights into the design of cable-supported structures.
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Papastergiou, Georgia, and Ioannis Raftoyiannis. "The use of Classical Rolling Pendulum Bearings (CRPB) for vibration control of stay-cables." MATEC Web of Conferences 148 (2018): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814802002.
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Cables are efficient structural elements that are used in cable-stayed bridges, suspension bridges and other cable structures. A significant problem which arose from the praxis is the cables’ rain-wind induced vibrations as these cables are subjected to environmental excitations. Rain-wind induced stay-cable vibrations may occur at different cable eigenfrequencies. Large amplitude Rain-Wind-Induced-Vibrations (RWIV) of stay cables are a challenging problem in the design of cable-stayed bridges. Several methods, including aerodynamic or structural means, have been investigated in order to control the vibrations of bridge’s stay-cables. The present research focuses on the effectiveness of a movable anchorage system with a Classical Rolling Pendulum Bearing (CRPB) device. An analytical model of cable-damper system is developed based on the taut string representation of the cable. The gathered integral-differential equations are solved through the use of the Lagrange transformation. . Finally, a case study with realistic geometrical parameters is also presented to establish the validity of the proposed system.
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Ma, Xiao-Fei, Tuan-Jie Li, and Zuo-Wei Wang. "Hybrid Active Wave/Mode Control of Space Prestressed Taut Cable Net Structures." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 10, no. 06 (July 2018): 1850062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s175882511850062x.
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The space environments and special mission demands require large-scale and high shape accuracy cable net structures. The vibration control is an essential issue for shape control and performance conservation of large flexible cable net structures. This paper investigates the hybrid active wave/mode control of space prestressed taut cable net structures. First, the traveling wave dynamic model of cable net structures is explored by elemental waveguide and propagation equations of cables together with force balance conditions and compatibility conditions of joints. Then, the active wave control model is established by using the assumption forms of wave controllers to adjust the mechanical boundaries of the controlled joints. Finally, the hybrid active wave/mode control model is proposed by constructing the mapping relationship between wave control force, modal damping and natural frequencies. The proposed control method is verified by a planar cable net structure and the results show that the hybrid active wave/mode control can give a better broadband vibration attenuation performance for space prestressed taut cable net structures.
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Paulsen, William, and Greg Slayton. "Eigenfrequency analysis of cable structures with inclined cables." Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 27, no. 1 (January 2006): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10483-006-0106-z.
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Demchyna, Bohdan, and Andriy Kravz. "Approaches to taking into account horizontal movements of foundations in the work of wooden reinforced cables." Bases and Foundations, no. 40 (June 4, 2020): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/0475-1132.40.2020.91-103.
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The behavior of a wooden stress ribbon structures reinforced with steel rope under the action of a load evenly distributed along the entire length of the cable was investigated. The analysis of the results of static tests of the wooden reinforced cable of the VD-3.1 series is given. A criterion is proposed according to which a wooden stress ribbon structures reinforced with steel rope can be considered according to the theory of rigid threads.
To ensure the stability and geometric invariance of the structures formed by rigid threads, an important role is played by taking into account the pliability of the supports that perceive the horizontal support reactions (spacing of the cable). Deformation of the supports of rigid cables causes the appearance of significant bending moments in the body of the cable, and also leads to an increase in the deflection of the structure. Therefore, special attention was paid to the study of the pliability of supports during the tests of wooden stress ribbon structures reinforced with steel rope to the action of a load evenly distributed along the length of the cable.
The pliability of supports during experimental tests of wooden stress ribbon structures reinforced with steel rope was investigated. The obtained results are compared with the calculated value of the pliability of the supports, calculated based on the deformability of the installation for testing cable structures.
The methods of calculating the deflections of the cables, which take into account the pliability of the supports, were tested. The influence of the pliability of the supports on the deflection of the cable is determined.
At the level of the pliability of the supports, the deformability of the cable was influenced by the pliability of the nodal joints of the wooden elements of the cable. Based on this, the deformability of the joints of the wooden elements of the cable on the punched metal plate fasteners and its effect on the deflection of the cable were investigated. The coefficient of deformability of joints was suggested, which took into account the nonlinear dependence of the deformation of joints of wooden elements of the cable on the applied load.
Due to the need to take into account the joint work of the wooden body of the cable and the steel rope, the calculated characteristics of the reduced cross section of the wooden cable reinforced with steel rope were calculated.
A static calculation of a wooden stress ribbon structures reinforced with steel rope according to the theory of rigid threads is performed and the results of calculations are compared with experimental data.
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Peng, Sisi, Chuanbing Cai, Jiaqi Cai, Jun Zheng, and Difan Zhou. "Optimum Design and Performance Analysis of Superconducting Cable with Different Conductor Layout." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 8893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238893.
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Compared with the traditional cable, the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cable has the advantages of low loss and large capacity transmission. At present, the research on HTS cables mainly focuses on the calculation of AC loss, the performance under specific working conditions and cooling system design. Relatively little research has been carried out on the basic design and overall layout optimization of the cables. In this paper, an HTS cable with a rated current of 4 kA was designed. Firstly, according to the selected superconducting cable parameters, the body design of cables with different structures was carried out and the corresponding finite element models were built. Then, the performance analysis of HTS cables with different layouts was carried out based on the proposed cable performance evaluation indicators and the CORC double-layer structure was determined as the scheme of this cable. Finally, the AC loss of the cable with this topology was calculated to be 9.81 J/m under rated conditions. The cooling system can ensure the safe operation of the cable in the rated temperature range.
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Dan, Danhui, Bin Xu, Ye Xia, Xingfei Yan, and Pengfei Jia. "Intelligent parameter identification for bridge cables based on characteristic frequency equation of transverse dynamic stiffness." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 39, no. 3 (December 18, 2018): 678–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348418814617.
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Determining the cable force and other parameters of cables is important for condition assessment of cable-stayed structures. This study proposes a frequency characteristic equation of transverse dynamic stiffness for cables; this equation is suitable for measuring the vibrations to evaluate the primary factors that influence the accuracy of cable parameter identification. Further, a cable parameter identification method based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. The method is suitable for a cable system of arbitrary length and with moderate sag especially when the measurement quality of the modal frequencies of cables is poor. Both numerical case studies and a cable vibration test proved that the proposed method can identify parameters with high accuracy for cables of any length and for cases requiring low-frequency measurement. Moreover, structural modal order information is not required. The extreme case is that only one order frequency can achieve highly accurate result in this way. The proposed method is suitable for parameter identification of short cables, hanger cables, and parallel strand cables, which are commonly applicable in engineering applications.
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Yin, Jian Guo, Chu Han Deng, Yu Guang Fu, and Liu Chi Li. "Experimental Study of Stress Corrosion of High-Strength Wires Affected by Four Typical Ions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 1597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1597.
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Characterized by light weight and high strength, cold-drawn galvanized cable wires are widely applied in all kinds of prestressed structures and cable structures. Investigation shows that cables are sensitive to corrosion. Severe corrosion of cables results in cable replacement which are costly, and even more, collapse of the whole bridge. In this paper, several tests were carried out to present the crack growth of wire in stress corrosion in different solutions. In particular, as Cl-, OH-, SO42- and NH4+ have major effect on stress corrosion in seawater and acid rain, these four kinds of ions are selected in tests. And all four kinds of corrosive solutions are tested with the concentration of 1.5 bsp and 3 bsp respectively. Effects on ultimate tensile strength and sensitivity of cable wires are different for each of chosen ions, and the increasing concentration for the same solution would drop ultimate tensile strength and the modulus of cable wires.
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Zeng, Yong, Huijun Zheng, Yuhang Jiang, Jiuhong Ran, and Xuan He. "Modal Analysis of a Steel Truss Girder Cable-Stayed Bridge with Single Tower and Single Cable Plane." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 7627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157627.
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The dynamic characteristics of bridge structures are important in wind stability analysis, seismic design, fatigue assessment, health inspection, and maintenance of bridge structures; however, the mechanical and dynamic properties of different bridge types are different. A long-span cable-stayed bridge has the advantages of large flexibility, long natural vibration period, low natural frequency, dense spectrum, and denser modal than those of general structures. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of a cable-stayed bridge with single pylon and single cable plane in the maximum cantilever stage and the complete bridge are analyzed. The single-tower cable-stayed bridge has some unique characteristics, such as lower cost, and a more beautiful appearance, but its torsional rigidity is lower, which increases the risk of wind damage and earthquake damage. Therefore, a finite element analysis of this bridge in the maximum cantilever state is carried out, and the influences of the main components’ rigidity, the inclination angles of the stayed cables, the supporting conditions, and the locations of the auxiliary piers are analyzed for the sustainability of this type of cable-stayed bridge. The analysis results show that a cable-stayed bridge with single pylon and single cable plane has more flexibility, and that the lateral rigidity and torsional rigidity are smaller. Structure rigidity, dip angles of the stayed cables, and positions of the auxiliary piers all have significant influences on the dynamic characteristics of cable-stayed bridges.
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Croce, Pietro. "Tie Rod-Equivalent Non-Linear Constitutive Law for Uniformly Loaded Cables." Materials 14, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 5502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195502.
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Cables are typically used in engineering applications as tensile members. Relevant examples are the main cables of suspension bridges, the stays of cable-stayed bridges, the load-bearing and stabilizing cables of tensile structures, the anchor cables of floating mooring structures, the guy-ropes for ship masts, towers, and wind turbines, the copper cables of electrical power lines. Since cables are characterized by non-linear behavior, analysis of cable structures often requires advanced techniques, like non-linear FEM, able to consider geometric non-linearity. Nevertheless, a traditional simplified approach consists in replacing the cable with an equivalent tie rod, characterized by a suitable non-linear constitutive law. Currently used equivalent constitutive laws have been derived by Dischinger, Ernst and Irvine. Since the equivalence is restricted to taut cables, characterized by small sag to chord ratios, these traditional formulae are not appropriate for uniformly loaded sagging cables: the main cables of suspension bridges are a particularly emblematic case. Despite some recent attempts to find more refined solutions, the problem is still open, since closed form solutions of general validity are not available. In the paper, general analytical formulae of the non-linear constitutive law of the equivalent tie rod are proposed, distinguishing two relevant cases, according as the length of the cable can vary or not. The expressions, derived by applying the general form of the theorem of virtual work, can be applied independently on the material, on the sag to chord ratio, on the load intensity and on the stress level, so allowing the replacement of the whole cable with a single equivalent tie rod. The expressions are critically discussed referring to a wide parametric study also in comparison with the existing formulae, stressing the influence of the most relevant parameters.
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Liu, Yan, Ping Sheng, and Wei Zhen. "Design and Construction on the Roof Systems of Guangzhou South Railway Station." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.496.
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The roof structures of Guangzhou South Railway Station are long-span spatial steel structures, The form and structure system are complicated. Prestress cable-arch structure, cable-shell structure and tri-directional truss-string spatial structure are applied. It recommend the construction and design process of roof structure, and also give an analysis of roof structure's working principle on prestress cable-arch structure , cable-shell structure, and the tri-directional truss-string structures. The results show that working stability of the roof structures is good.
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Soe, Theint Theint Thu, and San Yu Khaing. "Evaluation of Cable Force Changes Effects on Cable Stayed Bridge." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 2159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091609.
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The proposed bridge, which is cable stayed bridge crosses the Hlaing River that flows through Western Yangon. It was completed in 2000 and is currently used to connect Insein Township with Hlaing Tharyar Township. It has the 20 years’ service life. It requires the inspection and the evaluation of the real condition of the structure. As cable element plays an important role in cable structures, evaluation of the real state of the stay cable is one of the main focuses of the cable stayed bridge. Firstly, in the research work all cables are inspected to evaluate the current condition of the cables with included visual inspection and vibration-based cable force measurement method. With the help of static and moving load analysis, the effect of force change cables in which the successive force changes are considered, and the possible cable loss effect on the structural behavior of the bridge are also investigated. The finite element model of the cable stayed bridge is developed based on the geometric shape and material properties from MOC and is modelled with finite element software MIDAS Civil. The tension forces obtained by inspection over years (2000 to 2018) using vibration-based measurements method are compared with the measured intact cable forces. According to the results of the data analysis, it is observed that the cables force variations of the seven cables are abnormal conditions. In order to evaluate the condition of a bridge effected by cable force variation, the two parameters are considered; percentage increase in tension stress of all cables and percentage increase in deflection of the deck. The present study describes the structural response of the bridge in order to evaluate the actual safety of the bridge with abnormal force change cables, and also examines the consequences of one cable failure. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091609 Full Text: PDF
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Wang, Ling Yun. "Mitigation of Wind-Rain-Induced Cable Vibration in Cable-Stayed Bridges: Measurement Error." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 1630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1630.
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Recent advances in structural and construction technologies have enabled engineers to use the cable efficiently in relatively large structures such as long span cable-stayed bridges. It appeared that many factors and phenomena can generate cable vibration. The cables usually possess low damping and are therefore prone to many vibration problems, even causing large displacement. The active control method has been introduced to control the cable vibration in the cable-stayed bridges. The active control method is an effective method to suppress cable vibrations by adjusting the cable tension which is varied with time. This approach utilizes the axial motion of cables supported by an actuator installed at the anchorage to produce a time-varying force in the cable. To synthesize the feedback control signal, the cable vibration is measured by an optical tracking sensor attached at the mid-span cable. The studies are carried out to investigate the measurement error features of the control method as a design guideline.
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Greco, Craig, Andy Lee, Donald Ham, E. Thomas Smiley, and E. Harry Law. "A Computer Simulation Of An Alternative Design To Tree Crown Support Systems." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 30, no. 6 (November 1, 2004): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2004.044.
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Trees with multiple leaders that are susceptible to breaking pose a serious threat to nearby people and structures, and compromise overall tree health and aesthetics. The traditional remedy has been to install flexible steel cables in the crown of the tree in an attempt to limit the displacement of the leaders. This project was conducted to evaluate an alternative three-leader support cable system using computer simulation. The system is centered on a pulley that redirects loads along convergent cables, allowing for more displacement of the cabled leaders while minimizing the amount of materials and time required for installation. Comparisons between the traditional system and the alternative design were simulated using two-dimensional computer modeling to quantify the forces on the cables. The test winds were standardized at 43.45 km (27 mi) per hour for duration of 2 seconds. An interval of 18 seconds was allowed for the system to return to equilibrium for a total trial time of 20 seconds. Each system was standardized for cable diameter, damped springs, and distance between leaders with only the total length of cable varying according to the requirements of each system. Results demonstrated a significant decrease in both overall and shock forces to support cables when utilizing the alternative design. The decrease in force (based on cable configuration and wind direction) ranged from a 3.4:1 to 22.4:1 for the alternative and traditions systems, respectively.
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Thai, Son, Nam-Il Kim, and Jaehong Lee. "Free Vibration Analysis of Cable Structures Using Isogeometric Approach." International Journal of Computational Methods 14, no. 03 (April 13, 2017): 1750033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876217500335.
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This paper presents a free vibration analysis of cable structures based on the isogeometric approach. The nonuniform rational B-splines (NURBS) basis functions are employed to represent both the exact geometry of cable and displacement fields. In order to enrich the basis functions, the [Formula: see text]-, [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-refinement strategies are implemented. Therefore, these refinement schemes increase the accuracy of solution fields. For determining the static configuration of slack cables as a reference configuration, the well-known penalty method is used. Three numerical examples for slack and taut cable structures are presented in which different refinement schemes are utilized to obtain the converged results. The accuracy and reliability of the present numerical method are verified by comparing the natural frequencies with the results given by other researchers.
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Wang, Zeqiang, Guoliang Shi, Zhansheng Liu, Yanchi Mo, Bo Si, Yang Hu, and Yongliang Wang. "Effect of Construction Errors in Cable Forces of Single-Story Orthogonal Cable Network Structures Based on GA-BPNN." Buildings 12, no. 12 (December 17, 2022): 2253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122253.
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The construction process of cable net structure is complicated, which leads to the strong randomness of construction errors. The safety state of the cable net structure is very sensitive to construction errors. Obtaining the coupling relationship between construction errors and cable force response efficiently and accurately is critical to developing the construction technique of cable structures. This paper proposed an analysis method based on a genetic algorithm optimized back propagation neural network (GA-BPNN) to judge the influence of construction error on the cable force of single-layer orthogonal cable network structures. Taking the speed skating stadium of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games as the research object, this paper analyzed the structure form of the venue. According to the characteristics of cable network structure and GA-BPNN calculation, the principle of construction error analysis was put forward. The influence of construction errors of load-bearing cables and stable cables on cable force response was analyzed. The influence degree of different component errors on structural cable forces was obtained, and the most unfavorable key components were obtained. For the key components, the influence trend of different construction errors on cable force was analyzed, and the fitting formula was given. Driven by GA-BPNN, it can realize the analysis of structural and mechanical responses under the action of multi-type, multi-component, and multi-combination construction errors. The results show that the research method efficiently and accurately obtains the performance law of structural cable force under the influence of construction error, effectively predicts the influencing factors of the structural safety risk, and effectively avoids structural safety accidents caused by construction error. The construction errors analysis method based on GA-BPNN proposed in this paper can provide a reference for similar structural analysis and application.
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Yu, Jianda, Zhibo Duan, Xiangqi Zhang, and Jian Peng. "Wind-Induced Vibration Control of High-Rise Structures Using Compound Damping Cables." Shock and Vibration 2021 (April 22, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5537622.
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Based on the vibration reduction mechanism of compound damping cables, this study focuses on the wind-induced vibration control of high-rise structures with additional mass at the top. The differential equation of motion of the system under the action of the composite damping cable is established, and the analytical solution of the additional damping ratio of the structure is deduced, which is verified by model tests. The vibration response of the structure under the action of simple harmonic vortex excitation and randomly fluctuating wind loads is studied, and the effect of different viscous coefficients of the dampers in the composite damping cable and different installation heights of the damping cable on the vibration control is analyzed. The results show that a small vortex excitation force will cause large vibrations of low-dampened towering structures, and the structure will undergo buffeting under the action of wind load pulse force. The damping cable can greatly reduce the amplitude of structural vibration. The root means square of structural vibration displacement varies with damping. The viscosity coefficient of the device and the installation height of the main cable of the damping cable are greatly reduced.
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Liu, Zhi Jun, Xiao Ting Rui, and Laith K. Abbas. "Application of Chebyshev Series to Solution of Cable Vibration Problems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 101-102 (September 2011): 1173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.101-102.1173.
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In order to obtain simple formulae of cable dynamic behavior for numerical computation, the Chebyshev series method for the free vibration analysis of a cable considering boundary condition and flexural stiffness is utilized. The differential eigenvalue problem is reduced to an algebraic system which gives approximate eigenfrequencies and mode shape functions for a cable. These simple and approximate formulae are of value in the analysis of cable dynamic response and may be proved useful in the design of cable structures. The proposed approach is applicable to a wide range of cables.
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Nenadovic, Aleksandra. "Development, characteristics and comparative structural analysis of tensegrity type cable domes." Spatium, no. 22 (2010): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1022057n.
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Tensegrity type cable domes are three-dimensional structural configurations, prestressed inside the perimeter compression ring, in which the continuous tension throughout the roof structure is made by continuous tension cables and discontinuous compression struts. These kinds of structures can be formed like spatially triangulated networks or like networks nontriangulated in space. This paper examines some effects of network geometry on the behaviour and structural efficiency of tensegrity type cable domes. In this paper the roof cover is considered non-interactive with the supporting structure, unlike rigidly clad tensegrity type cable domes. Since the main bearing elements of tensegrity type cable domes are prestressed cables, they show non-linear load deformation and rely upon geometric stiffness. A geometrically non-linear analysis of non-triangulated and triangulated structures for different load conditions was conducted employing a computer program based on the perturbation theory. The incrementally-iterative procedure, with an approximation of the stiffness matrix by combining the elastic and geometric stiffness matrix, allows detection of structural instabilities.
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YANG, Y. B., and JIUNN-YIN TSAY. "GEOMETRIC NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF CABLE STRUCTURES WITH A TWO-NODE CABLE ELEMENT BY GENERALIZED DISPLACEMENT CONTROL METHOD." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 07, no. 04 (December 2007): 571–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455407002435.
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This paper presents a two-node catenary cable element for the analysis of three-dimensional cable-supported structures. The stiffness matrix of the catenary cable element was derived as the inverse of the flexibility matrix, with allowances for selfweight and pretension effects. The element was then included, along with the beam and truss elements, in a geometric nonlinear analysis program, for which the procedure for computing the stiffness matrix and for performing iterations was clearly outlined. With the present element, each cable with no internal joints can be modeled by a single element, even for cables with large sags, as encountered in cable nets, suspension bridges and long-span cable-stayed bridges. The solutions obtained for all the examples are in good agreement with the existing ones, which indicates the accuracy and applicability of the element presented.
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Gao, Fabao, Ruifang Wang, and S. K. Lai. "Bifurcation and Chaotic Analysis for Cable Vibration of a Cable-Stayed Bridge." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 20, no. 02 (January 7, 2020): 2071004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455420710042.
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Cable-stayed bridges are of the most unique and cost-effective designs in modern bridge engineering. A key feature of these structures is that the cables or stays run directly from the tower to the deck. The nonlinear dynamic behavior of these cables can significantly affect the resilience and safety of the bridge. In this context, a deeper understanding of the bifurcation and chaotic mechanisms of cable vibration is highly desirable. Accordingly, in this study the nonlinear dynamic equation of a planar cable is derived for quantitative and qualitative analysis. The nonlinear system is solved asymptotically, using the conventional perturbation and two-timing scale methods, to study the periodic motion of the cables. The obtained solutions are primarily affected by the control parameters and the initial conditions. The asymptotic solutions are also simulated numerically. It is found that the chaotic behavior of cables is greatly affected by the governing parameters, including the cable dimensions, vibration amplitude, damping effect, and excitation frequency. Finally, seven state variables of the nonlinear system are analyzed to investigate the occurrence of bifurcation.
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Belousov, Anton O., Natalya O. Vlasova, Viktoriya O. Gordeyeva, and Talgat R. Gazizov. "Breaking the Symmetry of Cable Structures as an Instrument for Improving Modal Decomposition to Protect Critical Equipment against UWB Pulses." Symmetry 14, no. 6 (June 13, 2022): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14061228.
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This work presents a detailed, comprehensive study of a new structural design of protective devices with a circular cross-section (CS) (protective cables) for protecting equipment against ultra-wideband (UWB) pulses. Multiconductor structures with 2–5 conductors with and without a protective shield are considered. The disadvantages of using symmetric configurations of protective cables are shown. Their simulation, multivariate analysis, and optimization through heuristic search, as well as evolutionary strategies, were carried out. Optimization was carried out according to the amplitude (to minimize the maximum voltage level at the output of the structures) and time (to maximize the duration of the exciting signal) criteria. The optimization results allowed for increasing the duration and overall attenuation of the exciting UWB pulse. The article shows the possibility of improving the characteristics of such structures through their cascade connection, both among themselves and with strip protective structures. The results of parametric optimization of such structures are presented in the range of real (used in practice) geometric and electrophysical parameters in terms of amplitude and time criteria, as well as the matching criterion. The article also presents the developed prototypes of protective structures with a circular CS of three types: circular 3-conductor cable, flat 3-conductor cable, and circular 4-conductor cable. The experimental results describe how these prototypes were developed and created and confirm the feasibility of these protective structures to decompose the exciting pulse signal, which was previously shown only in simulation. Finally, it is shown that the use of asymmetry in the proposed cable structures can improve their protective characteristics.
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Yerrapragada, Karthik, Pranav Agrawal, and Armaghan Salehian. "Multidimensional Vibrations of Cable-Harnessed Beam Structures with Periodic Pattern: Modeling and Experiment." Shock and Vibration 2022 (January 10, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7343582.
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The dynamics of space structures is significantly impacted by the presence of power and electronic cables. Robust physical model is essential to investigate how the host structure dynamics is influenced by cable harnessing. All the developed models only considered the decoupled bending motion. Initial studies by authors point out the importance of coordinate coupling in structures with straight longitudinal cable patterns. In this article, an experimentally validated mathematical model is developed to analyze the fully coupled dynamics of beam with a more complex cable wrapping pattern which is periodic in nature. The effects of cable wrapping pattern and geometry on the system dynamics are investigated through the proposed coupled model. Homogenization-based mathematical modeling is developed to obtain an analogous solid beam that represents the cable wrapped system. The energy expressions obtained for fundamental repeating segment are transferred into the global coordinates consisting of several periodic elements. The coupled partial differential equations (PDE) are obtained for an analogous solid structure. The advantage of the proposed analytical model over the existing models to analyze the vibratory motion of beam with complex cable wrapping pattern has been shown through experimental validation.
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Hojo, Tetsuo, and Tadayuki Noro. "Application of Carbon-fiber Cables for Cable-supported Structures." IABSE Symposium Report 86, no. 7 (January 1, 2002): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137802796336919.
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Volokh, K. Yu, O. Vilnay, and I. Averbuh. "Dynamics of Cable Structures." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 129, no. 2 (February 2003): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(2003)129:2(175).
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Pan, Quan, Donghuang Yan, and Zhuangpeng Yi. "Form-Finding Analysis of the Rail Cable Shifting System of Long-Span Suspension Bridges." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112033.
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The determination of the non-loading condition of the rail cable shifting (RCS) system, which consists of the main cables, hangers, and rail cables, is the premise of girder erection for long-span suspension bridges. An analytical form-finding analysis model of the shifting system is established according to the basic assumptions of flexible cable structures. Herein, the rail cable is discretized into segmental linear cable elements and the main cable is discretized into segmental catenary elements. Moreover, the calculation and analysis equations of each member and their iterative solutions are derived by taking the elastic elongation of the sling into account. In addition, by taking the girder construction of the Aizhai suspension bridge as the engineering background, a global scale model of the RCS system is designed and manufactured. The test system and working conditions are also established. The comparison between the test results and analytical results shows the presented analytical method is correct and effective. The process is simplified in the analytical method, and the computational results and precision satisfy practical engineering requirements. In addition, the proposed method is suitable for application in the computation analysis of similar structures.
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Luo, A. C. J., and C. D. Mote,. "Equilibrium Solutions and Existence for Traveling, Arbitrarily Sagged Elastic Cables." Journal of Applied Mechanics 67, no. 1 (August 10, 1999): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.321159.
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The exact, closed-form, three-dimensional solutions for the steady motion of traveling, sagged, elastic cables under arbitrarily distributed and concentrated loading are developed in this paper. Three components of displacement describing two equilibrium states of an extensible traveling elastic cable are derived. These exact solutions apply to straight and sagged cables traveling under their own weight and uniformly distributed loading. The exact solutions are also used to investigate the steady motion of three-dimensional traveling cables under the uniformly distributed and concentrated loading. Traveling elastic cables with large sag can be modeled approximately through the inextensible cable model when both the loading and the translation speed are very small. A slightly sagged cable must be modeled as extensible, rather than inextensible, even though both the loading and transport speed are very small. These solutions can be applied to multispan cable structures. [S0021-8936(00)02601-5]
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Gu, Yaqi, Zuqing Yu, Peng Lan, and Nianli Lu. "Fractional Derivative Viscosity of ANCF Cable Element." Actuators 12, no. 2 (February 2, 2023): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12020064.
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Typical engineering cable structures, such as high-voltage wire and wire rope, usually bring a damping effect which cannot be ignored due to the technological problems of manufacturing. For such problems, especially the damping of cable structures undergoing large displacement and severe deformation, few studies have been reported in the past. In this work, the fractional derivative viscosity model is introduced into the cables described by the absolute nodal coordinate formulation. The computer implementation algorithm of the proposed cable damping model is given based on the three-parameter fractional derivative model. Two numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness and convergence property of the proposed cable damping model. An experiment is proposed in which a wire is tensioned and released. Configurations are captured by the high-speed camera and compared with the results obtained from the numerical simulation. The agreement of the simulation and experimental results validates the proposed cable damping in application.
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Tang, Haosu, Damien Laporte, and Dimitrios Vavylonis. "Actin cable distribution and dynamics arising from cross-linking, motor pulling, and filament turnover." Molecular Biology of the Cell 25, no. 19 (October 2014): 3006–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e14-05-0965.
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The growth of fission yeast relies on the polymerization of actin filaments nucleated by formin For3p, which localizes at tip cortical sites. These actin filaments bundle to form actin cables that span the cell and guide the movement of vesicles toward the cell tips. A big challenge is to develop a quantitative understanding of these cellular actin structures. We used computer simulations to study the spatial and dynamical properties of actin cables. We simulated individual actin filaments as semiflexible polymers in three dimensions composed of beads connected with springs. Polymerization out of For3p cortical sites, bundling by cross-linkers, pulling by type V myosin, and severing by cofilin are simulated as growth, cross-linking, pulling, and turnover of the semiflexible polymers. With the foregoing mechanisms, the model generates actin cable structures and dynamics similar to those observed in live-cell experiments. Our simulations reproduce the particular actin cable structures in myoVΔ cells and predict the effect of increased myosin V pulling. Increasing cross-linking parameters generates thicker actin cables. It also leads to antiparallel and parallel phases with straight or curved cables, consistent with observations of cells overexpressing α-actinin. Finally, the model predicts that clustering of formins at cell tips promotes actin cable formation.
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Park, Seung Hee, Ju Won Kim, Min Jun Nam, and Jong Jae Lee. "Magnetic Flux Leakage Sensing-Based Steel Cable NDE Technique Incorporated on a Cable Climbing Robot for Bridge Structures." Advances in Science and Technology 83 (September 2012): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.83.217.
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In this study, an automated cable monitoring system using a NDE technique and a cable climbing robot is proposed. MFL (Magnetic Flux Leakage- based inspection system was applied to monitor the condition of cables. This inspection system measures magnetic flux to detect the local faults (LF) of steel cable. To verify the feasibility of the proposed damage detection technique, an 8-channel MFL sensor head prototype was designed and fabricated. A steel cable bunch specimen with several types of damage was fabricated and scanned by the MFL sensor head to measure the magnetic flux density of the specimen. To interpret the condition of the steel cable, magnetic flux signals were used to determine the locations of the flaws and the level of damage. Measured signals from the damaged specimen were compared with thresholds set for objective decision making. In addition, the measured magnetic flux signal was visualized into a 3D MFL map for convenient cable monitoring. Finally, the results were compared with information on actual inflicted damages to confirm the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed cable monitoring method.
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Zhang, Han-Hao, Nan-Nan Sun, Pei-Zhi Wang, Man-Hui Liu, and Yuan Li. "Optimization of Cable Force Adjustment in Cable-Stayed Bridge considering the Number of Stay Cable Adjustment." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (October 31, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4527309.
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Modern cable-stayed bridges are spatial, multicable systems. The cable force needs to be adjusted during the construction phase and maintenance phase. The existing calculation methods of cable force adjustment mainly considered the rationality of structural force, but only few research studies have been conducted on how to reduce the number of stay cables which need to be adjusted. This study aims to propose an optimization calculation method including the optimization module with the sensitivity analysis and updating design variable module (UDVM), which are used for cable force adjustment in cable-stayed bridges. Based on the finite difference method, the sensitivity analysis is adopted in the optimization module, which can capture the response of structures as design variables vary; the particle swarm optimization method is adopted for structural optimization. The proposed method can dramatically reduce the number of stay cables which need to be adjusted and ensure the main girder stresses remain in a reasonable state during stay cable adjustment progress by UDVM. Moreover, the proposed method can continuously update the objective function, constraint conditions, and design variables. Finally, this proposed optimization calculation method is applied to two different cable-stayed bridges to validate the reliability and feasibility of the method.
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Ran, Zhi Hong, Jun Tong Qu, Fei He, and Sheng Miao. "Singular Perturbation Method for Solving Non-Linear Vibration of Stay Cable (II) - Engineering Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 147 (December 2011): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.147.117.
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According to vibration characteristic of cable in cable-stayed bridges, the non-linear dynamic model of cables was set up. The vibration differential equation is deduced using the singular perturbation method. The stiffness and coupling boundary conditions of simple and fixed are introduced in the cable force analysis. The useful formulation of measuring techniques for cable force using frequency method is advanced. Results of analyses indicate that the formulation is high in accuracy and convenient in practice. The formulation was used to the cable-stayed construction control of Nanjing Yangtze River No.3 Bridge. The cable force was calculated with test data of vibration, and compared to cable force of design and pressure sensor. The method can be widely used for field of measurement during the construction of cable system structures.
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Wang, Hui Ping. "Calculation on Modal Damping Ratio of Stay Cable Using Nonlinear Friction Damper." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 1800–1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.1800.
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Stay cables of long span cable-stayed bridges are easy to vibrate under wind or wind/rain loads owning to their very low inherent damping. To install cable dampers near to the anchorages of cable has become a common practice for cable vibration control of cable-stayed bridge structures. In this study, the behaviors of a nonlinear frictional type of damper were investigated. The equations of motion of a cable with a friction damper were derived by using a lumped mass model. Then by introducing modal transformation, the analytical solution for the motion equations was obtained. The results show that the friction damper evokes linearly decaying of free vibrations of the cable as long as the damper does not lock the cable. The modal damping ratio of cable with the friction damper is strongly amplitude dependent. Calculation of modal damping ratio can be simplified using control parameter and the maximum modal damping ratio can be obtained. A universal estimation curve is proposed that is similar to linear viscous damper. These studies could provide design basis for the vibration mitigation of stay cables using nonlinear friction.
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Stuklis, Arturs, Dmitrijs Serdjuks, and Vadims Goremikins. "Materials Consumption Decrease for Long-Span Prestressed Cable Roof." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 16, 2015): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol1.231.
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<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">Limited raw materials and energy resources are actual national economy problems which can be solved by the decrease of weight, increase of span and durability of load bearing structures. The largest structural spans were achieved by application of cable structures. The roofs are one of the most widely used in practice type of cable structures. However, increased deformability and necessity of the special methods of stabilizing are significant cable roofs disadvantages. The prestressing of one or several groups of cables is one of the probable methods for stabilizing of cable roofs. According to the recommendations available in the literature, all cables of the roof must be prestressed by the equal forces. But after applying of design vertical load, values of the forces, acting in the cables of the roof, changes within the wide limits. So, using of structural materials will not be rational in this case, taking into account, that the cables cross-sections are constant because the cables cross-sections were determined basing on the maximum axial force, acting in the all cables.</span></p><p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">Possibility to decrease materials consumption by the changing of prestressing forces for cables of the roof was checked on the example of saddle-shaped cable roof with the rigid support contour and dimensions 60x60 m in the plan. Initial deflections of main suspension and stressing cables of the roof were equal to 7m. Suspension and stressing cables of the net were placed with the step equal to 2.828 m. Steel ropes with modulus of elasticity in 1.5∙105 MPa were considered as a material of suspension and stressing cables of the roof. Suspension and stressing cables were divided into the groups, which are differed by the prestressing forces. Amount of cables groups changes within the limits from 1 to 27. Values of prestressing forces for cables groups change within the limits from 20 to 80% from the cables breaking force. </span></p><p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">The dependences of material consumption and maximum vertical displacements of cable roof on the amount of cables groups and prestressing forces were determined as second power polynomial equations. It was stated, that division of suspension and stressing cables on the 18 groups enables to decrease cables material consumption by 19.2%. Values of prestressing forces for suspension and stressing cables of the roof were equal to 57 and 80 %, from it load-carrying capacity, correspondingly</span><span lang="EN-US">. </span></p>
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Gao, Junguo, Zhipeng Ma, Wenhua Yang, and Xiaohong Zhang. "Loss Simulation Analysis and Optimization of U-Groove Leaky Coaxial Cable." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2020 (June 20, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9137979.
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Leakage coaxial cable is a kind of coaxial cable with various slot structures on the outer conductor of the cable. It can transmit signal and transmit or receive signal and has dual functions of signal transmission line and antenna. Leakage cable has the advantages of strong environmental adaptability, uniform signal coverage, and less attenuation. It is not only widely used in closed or semiclosed space with high signal reception quality, such as tunnels, subway, underground parking lot, and elevators but also can realize security and theft-proof monitoring and protection in some areas, such as oil wells, mining fields and natural resource protection areas, military fortresses, museums, airports, banks, and schools. This paper introduces the classification and electrical parameters of leaky coaxial cables. On the basis of U-groove leaky coaxial cables, the relationship between the parameters of groove holes in U-groove and the loss of leaky coaxial cables is simulated and analyzed by HFSS software. The improved method of U-groove structure is obtained, and the curved hook-groove leaky coaxial cables are designed according to this method. The simulation results show that the coupling loss of the cable is lower than that of the U-groove leakage cable, and the transmission loss is still within the national standard. It lays a theoretical foundation for the design and development of leaky coaxial cable with low coupling loss.
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Mun, Sun-Yeo, and Cheol-Hong Hwang. "Experimental and Numerical Studies on Major Pyrolysis Properties of Flame Retardant PVC Cables Composed of Multiple Materials." Materials 13, no. 7 (April 6, 2020): 1712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071712.
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Flame retardant cables were investigated using thermo-gravimetric analysis to measure the reference temperature and reference rate required for a fire spread simulation using a Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Sensitivity analysis was also performed to understand the effects of the reference temperature and rate on the pyrolysis reactions. A two-step pyrolysis reaction was typically observed regardless of the cable type, and each pyrolysis reaction could be attributed to single or multiple components depending on the cable type and reaction order. Although the structures, compositions, and insulation performances of the cables differed considerably, the reference temperatures of the two-step pyrolysis reaction were extremely similar regardless of the cable type. Conversely, the reference rates of the different types of cables varied significantly. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that the mean values of the reference temperature and rate are sufficient to simulate the pyrolysis reactions of flame retardant cables. The results obtained herein also suggest that the heat transfer and pyrolysis reaction path associated with the multi-layered cable structure may be more important for accurately determining the ignition and fire spread characteristics, which are attributable to differences in cable structure, composition, and insulation performance.
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Tian, Li, Yanming Wang, Zhenhua Yi, and Hui Qian. "A Parametric Study of Nonlinear Seismic Response Analysis of Transmission Line Structures." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/271586.
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A parametric study of nonlinear seismic response analysis of transmission line structures subjected to earthquake loading is studied in this paper. The transmission lines are modeled by cable element which accounts for the nonlinearity of the cable based on a real project. Nonuniform ground motions are generated using a stochastic approach based on random vibration analysis. The effects of multicomponent ground motions, correlations among multicomponent ground motions, wave travel, coherency loss, and local site on the responses of the cables are investigated using nonlinear time history analysis method, respectively. The results show the multicomponent seismic excitations should be considered, but the correlations among multicomponent ground motions could be neglected. The wave passage effect has a significant influence on the responses of the cables. The change of the degree of coherency loss has little influence on the response of the cables, but the responses of the cables are affected significantly by the effect of coherency loss. The responses of the cables change little with the degree of the difference of site condition changing. The effect of multicomponent ground motions, wave passage, coherency loss, and local site should be considered for the seismic design of the transmission line structures.