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Journal articles on the topic 'CAD assembly'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Han, Zhoupeng, Rong Mo, Haicheng Yang, and Li Hao. "Structure-function correlations analysis and functional semantic annotation of mechanical CAD assembly model." Assembly Automation 39, no. 4 (2019): 636–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-09-2017-109.

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PurposeThree-dimensional computer-aided design (CAD) assembly model has become important resource for design reuse in enterprises, which implicates plenty of design intent, assembly intent, design experience knowledge and functional structures. To acquire quickly CAD assembly models associated with specific functions by using product function requirement information in the product conceptual design phase for model reuse, this paper aims to find an approach for structure-function correlations analysis and functional semantic annotation of mechanical CAD assembly model before functional semantic-based assembly retrieval.Design/methodology/approachAn approach for structure-function correlations analysis and functional semantic annotation of CAD assembly model is proposed. First, the product knowledge model is constructed based on ontology including design knowledge and function knowledge. Then, CAD assembly model is represented by part attributed adjacency graph and partitioned into multiple functional regions. Assembly region and flow-activity region are defined for structure-function correlations analysis of CAD assembly model. Meanwhile, the extraction process of assembly region and flow-activity region is given in detail. Furthermore, structure-function correlations analysis and functional semantic annotation are achieved by considering comprehensively assembly structure and assembled part shape structure in CAD assembly model. After that, a structure-function relation model is established based on polychromatic sets for expressing explicitly and formally relationships between functional structures, assembled parts and functional semantics.FindingsThe correlation between structure and function is analyzed effectively, and functional semantics corresponding to structures in CAD assembly model are labeled. Additionally, the relationships between functional structures, assembled parts and functional semantics can be described explicitly and formally.Practical implicationsThe approach can be used to help designers accomplish functional semantic annotation of CAD assembly models in model repository, which provides support for functional semantic-based CAD assembly retrieval in the product conceptual design phase. These assembly models can be reused for product structure design and assembly process design.Originality/valueThe paper proposes a novel approach for structure-function correlations analysis and functional semantic annotation of mechanical CAD assembly model. Functional structures in assembly model are extracted and analyzed from the point of view of assembly structure and function part structure. Furthermore, the correlation relation between structures, assembled parts and functional semantics is expressed explicitly and formally based on polychromatic sets.
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WANG, Xiaoyi, Quanxian WANG, Yoshio SAITO, Jiang ZHU, and Tomohisa TANAKA. "A4 Reorganizable Assembly Model and Its Reorganizing Approach for Assembly Planning(Digital design and digital manufacturing(CAD/CAM))." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2009.5 (2009): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2009.5.21.

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Bi, Lie, Wenrong Wu, Juan Zhang, and Honggang Yang. "An assembly method for micro parts jointing with given space angle based on projection matching." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 05 (2017): 1750041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917500415.

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It is difficult to assemble micro parts jointing with given space angle as the parts assembled are not on the same flat and the visual depth of microscopic vision is small, which can cause the images gathered by the microscopic vision unintelligible and feature extraction difficult. For the problem, this paper presents an assembly method of micro parts based on projection matching. It can assemble micro parts jointing with given space angle accurately. Firstly, an ideal assembly model is established as the size of the micro parts through the drawing software. Secondly, a graphics algorithm based on the primitive information from CAD is designed. Thirdly, according to the pixel value calibration and the graphics algorithm, the projection pictures are shown on the control interface. Lastly, the control method of micro parts is proposed to assemble them with given space angle. And we accomplished an assembly experiment of micro-tube and micro-column in this way, whose assembly deviation is 0.12[Formula: see text]. Experiment results indicate that the angle between two micro parts assembled can be controlled within the given deviation.
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Ben Hadj, Riadh, Moez Trigui, and Nizar Aifaoui. "Toward an integrated CAD assembly sequence planning solution." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 16 (2014): 2987–3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214564412.

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Assembly sequence planning has drawn the attention of many researchers over the last years. Despite, the great development of CAD software in many aspects (simulation algorithms, interfaces, and ergonomics), automatic generation of assembly sequence planning from CAD assembly remains an issue to improve especially with the increasing complexity of industrial products. In this paper, an approach of assembly sequence planning generation from a CAD assembly model is presented. In order to generate feasible assembly sequence planning, the developed approach begins with the exploration of CAD assembly. Then, a collision analysis is performed to identify all possible obstacles during the components’ motion. An example of CAD assembly is presented in all sections of this paper in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
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Govindarajan, Rajgopal, Souvik Chakraborty, Kristen E. Johnson, et al. "Assembly of Connexin43 into Gap Junctions Is Regulated Differentially by E-Cadherin and N-Cadherin in Rat Liver Epithelial Cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 21, no. 23 (2010): 4089–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-05-0403.

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Cadherins have been thought to facilitate the assembly of connexins (Cxs) into gap junctions (GJs) by enhancing cell–cell contact, however the molecular mechanisms involved in this process have remained unexplored. We examined the assembly of GJs composed of Cx43 in isogenic clones derived from immortalized and nontransformed rat liver epithelial cells that expressed either epithelial cadherin (E-Cad), which curbs the malignant behavior of tumor cells, or neuronal cadherin (N-Cad), which augments the invasive and motile behavior of tumor cells. We found that N-cad expression attenuated the assembly of Cx43 into GJs, whereas E-Cad expression facilitated the assembly. The expression of N-Cad inhibited GJ assembly by causing endocytosis of Cx43 via a nonclathrin-dependent pathway. Knock down of N-Cad by ShRNA restored GJ assembly. When both cadherins were simultaneously expressed in the same cell type, GJ assembly and disassembly occurred concurrently. Our findings demonstrate that E-Cad and N-Cad have opposite effects on the assembly of Cx43 into GJs in rat liver epithelial cells. These findings imply that GJ assembly and disassembly are the down-stream targets of the signaling initiated by E-Cad and N-Cad, respectively, and may provide one possible explanation for the disparate role played by these cadherins in regulating cell motility and invasion during tumor progression and invasion.
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Han, Zhoupeng, Chenkai Tian, Zihan Zhou, and Qilong Yuan. "Discovery of key function module in complex mechanical 3D CAD assembly model for design reuse." Assembly Automation 42, no. 1 (2021): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-06-2021-0073.

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Purpose Complex mechanical 3D computer-aided design (CAD) model embodies rich implicit design knowledge. Through discovering the key function parts and key function module in 3D CAD assembly model in advance, it can promote the designers’ understanding and reuse efficiency of 3D assembly model in design reuse. Design/methodology/approach An approach for discovering key function module in complex mechanical 3D CAD assembly model is proposed. First, assembly network for 3D CAD assembly model is constructed, where the topology structure characteristics of 3D assembly model are analyzed based on complex network centrality. The degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality and mutual information of node are used to evaluate the importance of the parts in 3D assembly model. Then, a multi-attribute decision model for part-node importance is established, and the comprehensive evaluation for key function parts in 3D assembly model is accomplished by combining Analytic Hierarchy Process and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Subsequently, a community discovery of function module in assembly model-based Clauset–Newman–Moore (CNM)-Centrality is given in details. Finally, 3D CAD assembly model of worm gear reducer is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of proposed method. Findings The key function part in CAD assembly model is evaluated comprehensively considering assembly topology more objectively. In addition, the key function module containing key function part is discovered from CAD assembly model by using CNM-Centrality-based community discovery. Practical implications The approach can be used for discovering important design knowledge from complex CAD assembly model when reusing the assembly model. It can help designers capture and understand the design thinking and intent, improve the reuse efficiency and quality. Originality/value The paper first proposes an approach for discovering key function module in complex mechanical 3D CAD assembly model taking advantage of complex network theory, where the key function part is evaluated using node centrality and TOPSIS, and the key function module is identified based on community discovery.
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ALFADHLANI, T. M. A. ARI SAMADHI, ANAS MA'RUF, and ISA SETIASYAH TOHA. "AUTOMATIC COLLISION DETECTION FOR ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE PLANNING USING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL SOLID MODEL." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 10, no. 02 (2011): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021968671100220x.

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Assembly sequence planning of a product involves several steps, including generation of precedence constraints, generation of assembly sequences, and selection of assembly sequences. Generation and selection of assembly sequences should be able to guarantee the feasibility of assembly. Assembly will be feasible if there is no collision between components when assembled. Detection of collision-free path of assembly can be done in an automated way. There are a number of collision detection methods that have been developed, but the method requires a complicated process of data geometry analysis. This paper proposes a method for detecting a collision-free path of the assembly component in a more simple way. Geometrical data required, taken from the three-dimensional (3D) solid drawing in the form of stacked drawing in computer-aided design (CAD) systems. Retrieval of geometrical data of components and detection of the collision-free path of an assembly were done in an automated way, directly from the CAD system.
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Jayaram, Uma, YoungJun Kim, Sankar Jayaram, Venkata K. Jandhyala, and Tatsuki Mitsui. "Reorganizing CAD Assembly Models (as-Designed) for Manufacturing Simulations and Planning (as-Built)." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 4, no. 2 (2004): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1737772.

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A CAD assembly model is a collection of components, comprised recursively of various levels of individual parts and sub-assembly models. Although the overall geometry in the CAD assembly model accurately represents the final finished product, this model is often meaningless from a manufacturing planning and simulation point of view. The grouping of the components into sub-assemblies and the assembly sequence implied by the CAD model does not accurately represent the manufacturing/assembly sequence or process. Reordering, regrouping, and modifying existing sub-assemblies, or creating new sub-assemblies in the CAD model may be needed to ensure this correspondence for simulation or assembly planning tools that derive the manufacturing sequence directly from the CAD system. Although this task can be performed using the existing functionality of the CAD system, it quickly becomes unwieldy for large industry-grade models due to the assembly constraints and relationships in place during the model creation. In industry today, there are several digital mockup and assembly planning tools that greatly outstrip the ability of CAD systems in loading complete models and creating assembly plans. Methods to organize the CAD model assembly quickly and easily for use in these systems, and to record the “as manufactured” assembly in the CAD data format are needed to close the loop and ease the transfer, storage, and maintenance of model data between the CAD systems, PDM systems, and these new age planning and mockup systems. In this paper, a new hybrid method is proposed to provide this functionality. Of key significance is the fact that using this approach, polygonal representations of any new or modified sub-assemblies designated in the reorganized hierarchy can be produced and that the original constraints used in the original assembly are transformed in a consistent manner to the new components. In addition, corresponding property files for the new components can be created for use in the assembly planning tool. In order to validate this hybrid approach, the time required to rearrange the assembly hierarchy and output the required information using both methods are compared–1) the traditional method using the CAD system alone, and 2) the new hybrid system. A statistical analysis using three treatment factors indicates that if the number of components is more than 15, then it is far more efficient to use the hybrid method over the CAD system by itself. This hybrid method implementation has now been used very successfully in virtual assembly simulations of many industry models, some with several hundred components, provided by various industry partners.
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9

GU, P., and X. YAN. "CAD-directed automatic assembly sequence planning." International Journal of Production Research 33, no. 11 (1995): 3069–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207549508904862.

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Wang, Q. H., J. R. Li, and H. Q. Gong. "A CAD-linked virtual assembly environment." International Journal of Production Research 44, no. 3 (2006): 467–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540500319294.

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Requicha, A., and D. Arbuckle. "CAD/CAM for nanoscale self-assembly." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 26, no. 2 (2006): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2006.29.

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Yu, Jian-feng, Hong Xiao, Jie Zhang, Hui Cheng, and Bo Xin. "CAD model simplification for assembly field." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 68, no. 9-12 (2013): 2335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4850-z.

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13

Zhou, Zhongxiang, Liang Ji, Rong Xiong, and Yue Wang. "A spatial information inference method for programming by demonstration of assembly tasks by integrating visual observation with CAD model." Assembly Automation 40, no. 5 (2020): 689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-06-2019-0101.

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Purpose In robot programming by demonstration (PbD) of small parts assembly tasks, the accuracy of parts poses estimated by vision-based techniques in demonstration stage is far from enough to ensure a successful execution. This paper aims to develop an inference method to improve the accuracy of poses and assembly relations between parts by integrating visual observation with computer-aided design (CAD) model. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors propose a spatial information inference method called probabilistic assembly graph with optional CAD model, shorted as PAGC*, to achieve this task. Then an assembly relation extraction method from CAD model is designed, where different assembly relation descriptions in CAD model are summarized into two fundamental relations that are colinear and coplanar. The relation similarity, distance similarity and rotation similarity are adopted as the similar part matching criterions between the CAD model and the observation. The knowledge of part in CAD is used to correct that of the corresponding part in observation. The likelihood maximization estimation is used to infer the accurate poses and assembly relations based on the probabilistic assembly graph. Findings In the experiments, both simulated data and real-world data are applied to evaluate the performance of the PAGC* model. The experimental results show the superiority of PAGC* in accuracy compared with assembly graph (AG) and probabilistic assembly graph without CAD model (PAG). Originality/value The paper provides a new approach to get the accurate pose of each part in demonstration stage of the robot PbD system. By integrating information from visual observation with prior knowledge from CAD model, PAGC* ensures the success in execution stage of the PbD system.
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Lupinetti, Katia, Franca Giannini, Marina Monti, and Jean-Philippe Pernot. "Multi-criteria retrieval of CAD assembly models." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 5, no. 1 (2017): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2017.11.003.

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Abstract Being able to reuse existing design knowledge is of major interest to help designers during the creation of new products. This is true at the level of the parts and even more at the level of the assemblies of multiple parts. Meaningful information and knowledge can be extracted from existing geometric models and associated data and metadata, as well as from the processes followed to define them. This paper proposes a method to characterize and structure CAD assembly models to enable the retrieving of similar models from a database. A framework has been devised for the retrieval of globally and/or partially similar assembly models according to multiple user-specified search criteria. It is based on an assembly descriptor, called the Enriched Assembly Model, which is an attributed graph that encodes all the required data automatically extracted from the geometry and structure of the CAD models. The data are organized in four layers: structural, assembly interface, shape and statistic layers. Starting from a real CAD model or from an abstract query model, the algorithm retrieves models from the database by solving a matching problem. The matching between two assembly models is translated into the problem of finding a sub-isomorphism between two EAMs. The layered organization of the EAM allows partially defined queries, which can be further refined. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated with results obtained from the developed software prototype. Highlights Retrieval of CAD assembly models global or partial similar to a given one. An Enriched Assembly Model is created from the B-rep of each model to compare. Definition of different criteria of similarities to fit user requests. Creation of an association graph from the two Enriched Assembly Models to compare. Model matching is achieved by identifying the maximum clique in the association graph.
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Urs Baier, Norman, and Joel Costan Zovi. "Flexible Robot Programming using Solid Edge’s “Alternative Assemblies”." Athens Journal of Τechnology & Engineering 9, no. 1 (2022): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajte.9-1-1.

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Many assembly processes in small and medium-sized enterprises are still performed by human labour. One reason for this is the need for another expert to program the robot, which would simply not fit into the company structure. To address this issue a solution is developed, which allows to program the robot directly out of the CAD software. The positions of the parts are read out of the CAD file. Specific assembly instructions have to be given by the assembly developer and integrated in the tree structure of the CAD. To avoid collisions and ensure correct insertion angles, additional waypoints are given by alternate assemblies, a functionality within Solid Edge to create and use variations of an assembly. Keywords: assembly, task planning, intelligent and flexible manufacturing, CAD
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Bai, Liangxin, and Shungang Hua. "CAD Assembly Retrieval by Searching Kinematic Relation Isomorphic Sub-graph." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 10, no. 1 (2021): 280–85. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr21104140925.

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Gottschlich, S. N., and A. C. Kak. "AMP-CAD: Automatic assembly motion planning using CAD models of parts." Robotics and Autonomous Systems 13, no. 4 (1994): 245–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8890(94)90011-6.

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Guo, Hui, Zhi Hua Gao, Xiao Jing Li, and Pei Xin Qu. "Structural Design and Model Establishment of Reducer Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 160 (March 2012): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.160.381.

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The reducer device is a complicated mechanical system composed by several important components, which should establish model before manufacture and carry out dynamic simulation of movement mechanism. It could assemble component model into mechanical system by using the assembly module of Solidworks. Compared with three-dimensional assembly modeling processes that was created by the traditional CAD. This study has calculated and listed the key parameters of mechanical design and established a full model of assembly. The resulting model contribute to technical analysis for future manufacture.
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Zhang, Peng, Jin Song Bao, Zhi Bo Yang, and Feng Chun Huang. "The Site Visualization and Closed-Loop Control for 3D Assembly Process." Key Engineering Materials 621 (August 2014): 617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.621.617.

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With the rapid development of 3D CAD technology, 3D assembly process is playing an important role in the on-site assembly. A closed-loop control method and three-dimensional site visualization technology site is presented. The methodology takes into account CAD design stage, assembly process design, site assembly and site inspection. The method includes three key technologies: the verification process technology of three-dimensional assembly process, optimization and process simulation techniques of site assembly, closed-loop control technology of assembly process quality inspection. Finally, the method and technology has applied in the actual assembly, and achieved good results.
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Jones, Benjamin, Dalton Hildreth, Duowen Chen, Ilya Baran, Vladimir G. Kim, and Adriana Schulz. "AutoMate." ACM Transactions on Graphics 40, no. 6 (2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3478513.3480562.

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Assembly modeling is a core task of computer aided design (CAD), comprising around one third of the work in a CAD workflow. Optimizing this process therefore represents a huge opportunity in the design of a CAD system, but current research of assembly based modeling is not directly applicable to modern CAD systems because it eschews the dominant data structure of modern CAD: parametric boundary representations (BREPs). CAD assembly modeling defines assemblies as a system of pairwise constraints, called mates , between parts, which are defined relative to BREP topology rather than in world coordinates common to existing work. We propose SB-GCN, a representation learning scheme on BREPs that retains the topological structure of parts, and use these learned representations to predict CAD type mates. To train our system, we compiled the first large scale dataset of BREP CAD assemblies, which we are releasing along with benchmark mate prediction tasks. Finally, we demonstrate the compatibility of our model with an existing commercial CAD system by building a tool that assists users in mate creation by suggesting mate completions, with 72.2% accuracy.
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Handa, Ryo, Hideki Aoyama, and Noriaki Sano. "Design Method of Optimum Assembly Process Plan Using Assembly CAD Data." Proceedings of Manufacturing Systems Division Conference 2016 (2016): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemsd.2016.410.

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Trigui, Moez, Riadh BenHadj, and Nizar Aifaoui. "An interoperability CAD assembly sequence plan approach." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 79, no. 9-12 (2015): 1465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-6855-2.

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Runciman, Colin, and Ken Swift. "Expert system guides CAD for automatic assembly." Assembly Automation 5, no. 3 (1985): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb004661.

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Li, J. G., Y. X. Yao, and P. Wang. "Assembly accuracy prediction based on CAD model." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 75, no. 5-8 (2014): 825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6182-z.

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Nawab, Rahma, and Angela Davies Allen. "Low-Cost AR-Based Dimensional Metrology for Assembly." Machines 10, no. 4 (2022): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10040243.

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The goal of this study was to create and demonstrate a system to perform fast and inexpensive quality dimensional inspection for industrial assembly line applications with submillimeter uncertainty. Our focus is on the positional errors of the assembled pieces on a larger part as it is assembled. This is achieved by using an open-source photogrammetry architecture to gather a point cloud data of an assembled part and then comparing this to a computer-aided design (CAD) model. The point cloud comparison to the CAD model is used to quantify errors in position using the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. Augmented reality is utilized to view the errors in a live-video feed and effectively display said errors. The initial demonstration showed an assembled position error of 9 mm ± 0.4 mm for a 40-mm high post.
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Bozhko, A. N. "Structural Analysis of Product and Computer-Aided Assembly Planning in AssemBL Software Package." Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, no. 8 (October 22, 2018): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/0818.0001424.

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Computer-aided design of assembly processes (Computer aided assembly planning, CAAP) of complex products is an important and urgent problem of state-of-the-art information technologies. Intensive research on CAAP has been underway since the 1980s. Meanwhile, specialized design systems were created to provide synthesis of assembly plans and product decompositions into assembly units. Such systems as ASPE, RAPID, XAP / 1, FLAPS, Archimedes, PRELEIDES, HAP, etc. can be given, as an example. These experimental developments did not get widespread use in industry, since they are based on the models of products with limited adequacy and require an expert’s active involvement in preparing initial information. The design tools for the state-of-the-art full-featured CAD/CAM systems (Siemens NX, Dassault CATIA and PTC Creo Elements / Pro), which are designed to provide CAAP, mainly take into account the geometric constraints that the design imposes on design solutions. These systems often synthesize technologically incorrect assembly sequences in which known technological heuristics are violated, for example orderliness in accuracy, consistency with the system of dimension chains, etc.An AssemBL software application package has been developed for a structured analysis of products and a synthesis of assembly plans and decompositions. The AssemBL uses a hyper-graph model of a product that correctly describes coherent and sequential assembly operations and processes. In terms of the hyper-graph model, an assembly operation is described as shrinkage of edge, an assembly plan is a sequence of shrinkages that converts a hyper-graph into the point, and a decomposition of product into assembly units is a hyper-graph partition into sub-graphs.The AssemBL solves the problem of minimizing the number of direct checks for geometric solvability when assembling complex products. This task is posed as a plus-sum two-person game of bicoloured brushing of an ordered set. In the paradigm of this model, the brushing operation is to check a certain structured fragment for solvability by collision detection methods. A rational brushing strategy minimizes the number of such checks.The package is integrated into the Siemens NX 10.0 computer-aided design system. This solution allowed us to combine specialized AssemBL tools with a developed toolkit of one of the most powerful and popular integrated CAD/CAM /CAE systems.
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Dinev, Georgi, Ivo Malakov, and Dobrin Dotsev. "CAD Optimal Design, Documentation and Automated Assembly of Mechanical Product." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 1202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.1202.

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As a result an optimal structural variant for automated assembly and algorithm for analytical and experimental determination of the trajectory of an assembly robot has been chosen. The criteria for the choice of an optimal structural variant and an approach for searching assembly variants of mechanical products in CAD medium are developed. Algorithms for the choice of optimal structural variant in resolving optimization problems in conditions of under determination were developed. Based on the proposed algorithms application software was developed and its efficiency and working capacity by solving test-problems was proved. The developed technological schemes, constructional documents and the based optimal variant for automated assembly will be used in training students on “Bases of construction and CAD” in Department “Bases and technical means for construction” and on “Assembly Automation” in Department “Automation of discrete production”. The obtained results can be used also by firms and enterprises in accomplishing constructional, design and consulting activity in the field of assembly automation. It is expected that the results will be efficiently applied also by little and medium size firms.
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Alfadhlani, Alfadhlani, and Isa Setiasyah Toha. "PENENTUAN URUTAN PERAKITAN PRODUK MULTIAKSIAL ORTOGONAL DENGAN MEMPERTIMBANGKAN TITIK LOKASI MATING DAN VOLUME KOMPONEN." Jurnal Teknik Industri 10, no. 2 (2009): 124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/jti.10.2.124-137.

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This paper proposes the development of assembly sequence generation method for non sheet metal mechanical product which assembled by using orthogonal multi-axial orientation. The proposed method, removes exploded view generation, liaison diagram generation, manually precedence analysis and precedence relation generation step by using the main information from each steps i.e. mating, volume, and mating location point of contacted components on the final assembly. These information are used as component selection priority rule and can be extracted directly from CAD data base. Assembly sequence is generated by using 3D solid model as input in the form of stacked drawing. Feasibility of assembly sequence is performed by considering components and sub-assembly stability in assembly process, geometrical constraint, accessibility and fasteners. The proposed method is examined by using Bench Vice and provides a fisible assembly sequence as a result.
 
 
 Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia:
 
 Makalah ini menjelaskan pengembangan metode penentuan urutan perakitan produk mekanik non sheet metal dengan orientasi perakitan multiaksial ortogonal. Metode yang dikembangkan pada makalah ini menghilangkan tahapan pembentukan gambar urai, pembentukan diagram liaison, analisis preseden secara manual dan pembentukan hubungan preseden. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan langsung menggunakan informasi utama dari setiap langkah yaitu mating, volume, dan lokasi titik mating komponen yang kontak pada perakitan akhir. Informasi tersebut digunakan sebagai kriteria aturan prioritas pemilihan komponen dan dapat diperoleh langsung dari basis data CAD. Penentuan urutan perakitan dilakukan dengan input gambar solid 3D dalam bentuk gambar tumpuk. Jaminan fisibilitas urutan perakitan yang terbentuk dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan masalah stabilitas komponen dan sub perakitan selama proses perakitan, pembatas geometri, aksesibilitas dan pengencang. Pengujian algoritma dilakukan pada Bench Vice dan menghasilkan urutan perakitan yang fisibel. 
 
 Kata kunci: urutan perakitan, CAD, mating, pembatas preseden, kolisi, interferensi
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Gunji, Bala Murali, B. B. V. L. Deepak, Bijaya Kumar Khamari, and Bibhuti Bhusan Biswal. "CAD-Based Automatic Clash Analysis for Robotic Assembly." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 4, no. 2 (2019): 432–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2019.4.2-035.

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Assembly operation occupies major stake in the manufacturing process to obtain the final product. In order to obtain an assembly sequence for a given product, the product should be free of clashes between the parts. To know the clash between the parts, many researchers are followed mathematical models to generate contact data information of the product. These methods will consume much time and search space to extract the information from the product. Current research focuses on developing an automatic algorithm to generate the clash analysis report using macros CATIA V5 R17. In this method, it will not only generate the clash analysis report but also generate a contact information matrix between the parts of the assembly. The developed methodology is implemented on various industrial products to extract the clash information of the product.
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Viganò, Roberto, and Gilberto Osorio Gómez. "Assembly planning with automated retrieval of assembly sequences from CAD model information." Assembly Automation 32, no. 4 (2012): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01445151211262410.

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Deuringer, Stefan, Raphael Gerdes, Jan Eilers, and Rainer Müller. "Simulationsgerechte Maschinenmodelle/Machine models for simulation – Preparation of CAD machine models for the simulation of production processes." wt Werkstattstechnik online 110, no. 10 (2020): 716–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2020-10-72.

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Mit zunehmender Produktvielfalt steigen die Anforderungen an die Planung von Montagelinien. Um diese Komplexität zu bewältigen, werden Montageprozesse virtuell simuliert. Der Aufwand zur Aufbereitung bestehender CAD-Anlagenmodelle zu Simulationsmodellen ist aber sehr hoch. Daher werden mit der hier vorgestellten Methodik CAD-Modelle automatisiert für die Simulation aufbereitet. Ziel ist, die benötigte Zeit, Expertise und das Fehlerpotenzial der Modellaufbereitung deutlich zu reduzieren und die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Simulationseinsatzes in der Montage zu steigern.   Machine-oriented simulation helps to cope with complex planning processes for assembly systems. However, the effort to prepare existing CAD models for machine-oriented simulations is very high. Therefore, a method is presented for the automated preparation of CAD models for assembly simulation. Applying this method reduces significantly the required time, expertise and potential errors in model preparation while increasing the economic efficiency of simulation use in assembly.
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Sauer, Steffen, and Dirk Berndt. "AR-Assistenz für die modulare Spannmittelmontage/Error-free Assembly of Clamping Systems – Assembly Assistance for Modular Clamping Systems." wt Werkstattstechnik online 112, no. 09 (2022): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2022-09-63.

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In der CNC-Bearbeitung ist es zur Kollisionsvermeidung sehr wichtig, dass real aufgebaute Spannsysteme exakt der Vorgabe aus der CAD/CAM-Simulation entsprechen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein industrietaugliches Assistenzsystem präsentiert, mit dem per Augmented Reality (AR) die manuelle Montage von modularen Spannsystemen unterstützt wird und so Fehler vermieden werden können. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass die Kamera-Monitor-basierte AR geeignet ist, um unter rauen Bedingungen intuitive Montageanleitungen zu visualisieren. Dadurch lassen sich Bearbeitungszeiten in der CNC-Maschine verkürzen und die Montage beschleunigen. In CNC machining, the similarity of real assembled clamping systems compared to the constructed clampings in CAD/CAM is of critical importance. If differences are present, unintentional collisions between tool and clamping system can occur, which may lead to total breakdown. In this work we present an Augmented Reality (AR) industry-ready assistance solution, which helps workers to reduce the error rate when clamping systems are assembled manually. We will show that camera-screen-based AR is well suited to present assembly instructions in harsh environmental conditions and that by using this solution machining times can be reduced and the assembly itself can be accelerated significantly.
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Hu, Pei Wei, and Li Hong Qiao. "Assembly Unit Partition Based on Theory of Cut-Set." Applied Mechanics and Materials 163 (April 2012): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.163.162.

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In the manufacture process of many large-scaled and complex products assembly, due to large number of parts or components, assemblies are often divided into several small assembly units in order to organize production and increase assembly efficiency. To obtain fine-grained rapid assembly unit partition, this paper presents a method of assembly unit partition based on cut-set theory with consideration of the assembly constraints and assembly complexity. The paper also discusses the method of establishing the assembly relationship graph of a product as the basis of unit partition. The relationship graph is extracted from the CAD model of the product and is used to describe the relationship of its component assembly. Using the proposed unit partition method, assembly constraints such as precedence relationship can be considered so that invalid assembly unit partition will be avoided. Furthermore, by defining assembly complexity, optimal selection of assembly unit partition can be achieved. The procedures of assembly unit partition including establishing of assembly relationship from CAD model, approach to cut-set, optimal selection and validation are addressed with an assembly example and a flow chart.
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Sun, Ru, Chun Jie Wang, and Peng Liu. "Research on Automatic Design of Extendable TrussBased on CAD Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 163 (April 2012): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.163.172.

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This paper provides a method of automatic design for extendable truss based on CAD software. The method mainly consists of parametrical design, automatic assembly, interference checking and extraction of model properties. With Visual C + + as programming language, secondary development was done on automatic assembly and other related modules of CAD software, which can achieve parametrically automatic assembly, interference checking and automatically extracting properties of extendable truss model. Thus, this method can guide the design staff performing program design, improve the correctness and accuracy of design, shorten the design cycle of extendable truss and also has reference value on rapid design and development for other products.
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Son, Jinwon, Hoik Jang, and Young Choi. "Tangible interface for shape modeling by block assembly of wirelessly connected blocks." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 6, no. 4 (2019): 542–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2019.04.006.

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Abstract Tangible computer-aided design (CAD) that can generate and manipulate 3D models more efficiently than conventional modeling interfaces is a new interface technology between users and computers through tangible physical devices. Because the majority of tangible CAD systems use cameras or projectors, 3D models of complex structures with visual occlusion cannot be generated. In this work, we propose and develop a system that allows users to create complex shapes by assembling wireless blocks. By allowing more freedom in the orientations of blocks, models created by the assembly operation can be used to generate true 3D shapes compared to the 2.5D shapes resulting from previous research. The physical blocks of the proposed system include infrared proximity sensors, inertial magnetic units, Zigbee modules, and Arduino microcontrollers. The status of the block assembly is transmitted to the workstation wirelessly by the Zigbee. The workstation collects the sensor data of the blocks and generates and renders 3D models of the physically assembled blocks. The concept of the proposed tangible CAD system can be used in various application areas where simple, easy-to-use shape modeling interfaces for creating models by assembling small blocks are sufficient. The education and gaming industries are good examples of where this concept can be applied easily. Highlights A 3D shape modeling system through physical block assembly with sensors is developed. Using wireless communication, a degree of freedom of block assembly is increased. The rotation of the block was calculated through the 9-axis sensor and applied to the rendered 3D model. Through efficient data processing, the problems of real-time wireless communication environment are overcome. Users who are not trained in CAD tools can easily create 3D shape models.
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Tom Mathew, Arun, and Rao C.S.P. "A NEW CAD SCHEMA FOR ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE PLANNING." International Journal on Design and Manufacturing Technologies 3, no. 2 (2009): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18000/ijodam.70061.

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Bonino, Brigida, Roberto Raffaeli, Marina Monti, and Franca Giannini. "A heuristic approach to detect CAD assembly clusters." Procedia CIRP 100 (2021): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.05.105.

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Wright, Landon, Brendon Forsgren, Trent Owens, Mathew Haskell, John Salmon, and Eric Bowman. "A CAD Assembly Simplification Approach with Ray Casting." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 16, no. 5 (2019): 864–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14733/cadaps.2019.864-877.

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Xiao, Hong, Yuan Li, JianFeng Yu, and Jie Zhang. "CAD mesh model simplification with assembly features preservation." Science China Information Sciences 57, no. 3 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11432-013-4791-z.

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Jbira, I., M. Tlija, B. Louhichi, and A. Tahan. "CAD/Tolerancing integration: Mechanical assembly with form defects." Advances in Engineering Software 114 (December 2017): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2017.07.010.

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Tieqiang, Ma, Wang Shirong, and Xu Chengyin. "Virtual Assembly Method Based on Cad Model Reuse." Information Technology Journal 11, no. 1 (2011): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2012.160.165.

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Pan, C., S. S. Smith, and G. C. Smith. "Automatic assembly sequence planning from STEP CAD files." International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 19, no. 8 (2006): 775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09511920500399425.

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Arai, Eiji, and Kazuaki Iwata. "CAD system with product assembly/disassembly planning function." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 10, no. 1-2 (1993): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-5845(93)90024-e.

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Farahati, R., and Y. J. Lin. "CAD-Based Virtual Assembly Prototyping - A Case Study." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 21, no. 4 (2003): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001700300031.

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Zhao, Hong Zhi, Qing Chang Tan, Shu Ting Sun, Wei Li, and Zhun Quan Kou. "Research and Practice for Experimental Teaching of the Innovative Design of the Machine Driving Plan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.281.

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The experimental table of the innovative design of the machine driving plan is introduced. The experimental table mainly consists of CAD system and machine structure assembly platform. Based on the experimental table, CAD, dimensional design and motion analysis of the machine driving plan can be carried out. The basic mechanisms and parts provided by the experimental table are used to assemble the machine driving plan and inspect the design plan. The experimental table has the novel structure, complete types of basic mechanisms and parts, big scale of adjustment of the motion dimensions of the members and simple assembly and jointing. The teaching exploration of the learning model of the innovative design of machine driving based on the experiment is made. Practice proves that the new learning model plays the role of promoting the students’ innovative thinking, cultivation of the students’ practice capability and improving the cultivation quality of talents.
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Sinha, Rajarishi, Satyandra K. Gupta, Christiaan J. J. Paredis, and Pradeep K. Khosla. "Extracting Articulation Models from CAD Models of Parts With Curved Surfaces." Journal of Mechanical Design 124, no. 1 (2001): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1434267.

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In an assembly, degrees of freedom are realized by creating mating features that permit relative motion between parts. In complex assemblies, interactions between individual degrees of freedom may result in a behavior different from the intended behavior. In addition, current methods perform assembly reasoning by approximating curved surfaces as piecewise linear surfaces. Therefore, it is important to be able to reason about assemblies using exact representations of curved surfaces; verify global motion behavior of parts in the assembly; and create motion simulations of the assembly by examination of the geometry and material properties. In this paper, we present a linear algebraic constraint method to automatically construct the space of allowed instantaneous motions of an assembly from the geometry of its constituent parts. Our work builds on previous work on linear contact mechanics and curved surface contact mechanics. We enumerate the conditions under which general curved surfaces can be represented using a finite number of constraints that are linear in the instantaneous velocities. We compose such constraints to build a space of allowed instantaneous velocities for the assembly. The space is then described as a set-theoretic sum of contact-preserving and contact-breaking subspaces. Analysis of each subspace provides feedback to the designer, which we demonstrate through the use of an example assembly—a 4-part mechanism. Finally, the results of the analysis of a 4-bar linkage are compared to those from mechanism theory.
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Brecher, Christian, Thomas Breitbach, Simon Müller, et al. "3D Assembly Group Analysis for Cognitive Automation." Journal of Robotics 2012 (2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/375642.

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A concept that allows the cognitive automation of robotic assembly processes is introduced. An assembly cell comprised of two robots was designed to verify the concept. For the purpose of validation a customer-defined part group consisting of Hubelino bricks is assembled. One of the key aspects for this process is the verification of the assembly group. Hence a software component was designed that utilizes the Microsoft Kinect to perceive both depth and color data in the assembly area. This information is used to determine the current state of the assembly group and is compared to a CAD model for validation purposes. In order to efficiently resolve erroneous situations, the results are interactively accessible to a human expert. The implications for an industrial application are demonstrated by transferring the developed concepts to an assembly scenario for switch-cabinet systems.
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Nishida, Isamu, Hayato Sawada, and Keiichi Shirase. "Automated Generation of Product Assembly Order Based on Geometric Constraints Between Parts." International Journal of Automation Technology 17, no. 2 (2023): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2023.p0167.

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This study proposes a method for automating the determination of assembly order by automating the derivation of the necessary connection relationships between the parts. The proposed method minimizes the information required for the initial conditions and automatically determines the feasible assembly orders. As a general rule, based on the assumption that the assembly order for a product is the reverse of the disassembly order, once the disassembly order is derived based on the 3D CAD model and the connection relationships between the parts, the assembly order can be determined. Until now, however, the relationships between the parts are decided manually by the attendant engineers, thus, hindering the full automation of the determination of the assembly order. To achieve full automation realistically, the connection relationships between the parts should be derived automatically from the 3D CAD model, for which this study proposes an efficient method. The components were extracted from the 3D CAD model, and the bolts were identified. The connection relationships between the parts were derived from the interference conditions determined while moving each part minutely. An association chart diagram was created from the obtained connection relationships, from which multiple assembly order candidates could be derived.
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Lavric, Traian, Emmanuel Bricard, Marius Preda, and Titus Zaharia. "A low-cost AR training system for manual assembly operations." Computer Science and Information Systems, no. 00 (2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis211123013l.

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This research work aims to provide an AR training system adapted to industry, by addressing key challenges identified during a long-term case study conducted in a boiler-manufacturing factory. The proposed system relies on low-cost visual assets (i.e. text, image, video and predefined auxiliary content) and requires solely a head-mounted display (HMD) device (i.e. Hololens 2) for both authoring and training. We evaluate our proposal in a real-world use case by conducting a field study and two field experiments, involving 5 assembly workstations and 30 participants divided into 2 groups: (i) low-cost group (G-LA) and (ii) computer-aided design (CAD)-based group (G-CAD). The most significant findings are as follows. The error rate of 2.2% reported by G-LA during the first assembly cycle (WEC) suggests that low-cost visual assets are sufficient for effectively delivering manual assembly expertise via AR to novice workers. Our comparative evaluation shows that CAD-based AR instructions lead to faster assembly (-7%, -18% and -24% over 3 assembly cycles) but persuade lower user attentiveness, eventually leading to higher error rates (+38% during the WEC). The overall decrease of the instructions reading time by 47% and by 35% in the 2nd and 3rd assembly cycles, respectively, suggest that participants become less dependent on the AR instructions rapidly. By considering these findings, we question the worthiness of authoring CAD-based AR instructions in similar industrial use cases.
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Chen,, Li, Tingjin Wang, and, and Zhijie Song. "A Web-based Product Structure Manager to Support Collaborative Assembly Modeling1." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 4, no. 1 (2004): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1666894.

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Collaborative CAD systems enabling collaboration in computer-aided design processes among distributed designers are gaining more and more attention. Yet, such systems, especially in support of collaborative assembly modeling, are hardly achievable. In an effort to bridge this gap, we are dedicated to developing a collaborative CAD system with aim at 3D assembly modeling. As part of this effort, this paper addresses one function module of the system, a Web-based Product Structure Manager, which enables the Collaborative Product Structure Management (CPSM) in collaborative assembly modeling. In particular, CPSM facilitates product data sharing among distributed designers and supports collaboration in product structure creation and modification. A bench clamp assembly is used as an example to illustrate the Product Structure Manager for supporting collaborative assembly modeling.
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