Journal articles: 'CAD (computer aided design)'

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O'Connell, Colette. "CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing)." Science & Technology Libraries 7, no. 4 (November 25, 1987): 127–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j122v07n04_13.

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Hoffmann, Christoph M. "Constraint-Based Computer-Aided Design." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 5, no. 3 (May 15, 2005): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1979508.

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Computer-aided design (CAD) systems have become parametric, basing shape design on constraints and design feature operations. We review the development of constraint-based parametric CAD, explaining some of the foundational issues as well as giving an outlook on possible future directions of development.

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Ma, Lan. "Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Environmental Art Design." Advanced Materials Research 320 (August 2011): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.320.244.

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Computer-aided design (CAD) poses a brand new change of environmental art design from concept to skills. Nowadays, computer operation is a must for environmental art design, and no one can ignore such a powerful trend. This is transition period from traditional manual design mode to advanced computer design mode, and now we are standing on top of this new start point. CAD has fully performed its charm and become an indispensable tool in the field of the environmental creative art design. Mastering relevant software has become an essential skill for designers. However they often feel lost in current complex computer software, or even when they have conquered software technology difficulties, still trapped into a hard-pressed embarrassment to combine design with ideas. This dissertation starts from CAD definition, discusses CAD development and its own characteristics, and further on CAD applications in environment art design, main types and functions in current CAD software. The end of this article also gives an outlook on future effects and scheme a better vision for CAD in environmental design.

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Harris, Douglas H., and Steven M. Casey. "Organizational Effectiveness of Computer-Aided Design." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 2 (September 1987): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100217.

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A methodology for measuring the organizational effectiveness of computer-aided design (CAD) was developed and applied. A total of 295 of the 500 most frequent users of CAD in a major aerospace company provided data for the study. User-CAD effectiveness was found to be influenced by 43 major factors and 145 specific system and organizational issues. The 43 factors were classified into the following categories: system functions, system hardware, working environment, system reliability and consistency, user access, user support and training, and system administration. Indexes of User-CAD Effectiveness (UE) and System Availability and Reliability (AR) were combined into an Index of CAD Organizational Effectiveness (OE). Through the application of these methods and indexes, CAD system and organizational deficiencies can be diagnosed, potential high-payoff improvements can be identified, and the impact of developmental efforts can be assessed.

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Crary, B. S. "Computer-Aided Design of Micromachines." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 97, no. 905 (1994): 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.97.905_294.

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Kolbasin, Alexander, and Oksana Husu. "Computer-aided design and Computer-aided engineering." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 01115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817001115.

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In modern industrial production some of the major factors of successful development include: cost reduction of the production, im-provement of its quality, as well as help to minimise the time in market en-try. Computer-aided design and Computer-aided engineering (CAD / CAE - systems) are the most effective for implementation of these requirements. Possible use of this engineering modeling simulation in conjunction with the power and speed of high performance computing could reduce costs and time of each cycle of designing, and also significantly reduce devel-opment time. The introduction of new technologies, the use of high quality products and engagement of qualified personnel would allow businesses and organizations to get on a path of innovative development of design and production systems.

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Frey, Diane K. "Assessing Students' Responses toward Computer-Aided Design of Apparel." Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, no. 2 (April 1995): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.2.435.

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This study examined the relation of responses from two student groups toward computer-aided design (CAD) for apparel to their computer use, computer experience, or enrollment in an elective CAD course. In the non-CAD group of 46, computer anxiety was significantly correlated with computer use and computer experience as well as future enrollment in the CAD course. In the CAD group of 17, students in the CAD course were significantly less fearful of job elimination and more interested in technical aspects of computers at the end of the course than at the beginning. Data have been applied to the continued course development of computer-aided design especially for apparel-related academic programs. As one outcome, length of instruction has been recommended over a continuous 16-wk. period. Using specific instructional methods to reinforce components from both the affective and cognitive domains of learning has helped to sustain positive responses throughout similar subsequent offerings. Finally, preparation for employment was enhanced as a consequence of acquiring specific technological skills included in the CAD course.

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Hamid, Nor Faharina Abdul, Nurul Jannah Zulkefle, Tengku Fazrina Tengku Mohd Ariff, ZuryatiAb Ghani, and Rohana Ahmad. "Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD / CAM) Post and Core - A Review." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 36 (September 6, 2021): 3143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/640.

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BACKGROUND Nowadays, the use of computer aided design / computer aided manufacturing (CAD / CAM) in fabricating indirect restoration such as onlay, crown and bridge has increased tremendously. However, there is lack of clinical information and evidence on current material and fabrication techniques of CAD / CAM post and core. This paper describes the classification of the post and core system and review current perspectives on recent development of CAD / CAM post and core. An electronic search of the literature was performed via PubMed and Scopus database, using the keyword (post and core) and (CAD / CAM) and (CAD / CAM post and core) as MeSH term. Articles eligible for inclusion in the present review were published in English, journal article and dated from January 2000 until November 2020. A total of 31 publications consisting of 18 in-vitro studies, 7 case reports, 4 finite element analysis and 2 clinical techniques were included in this review. Analysis parameters included are options of chairside CAD / CAM materials, CAD / CAM system and milling machine used, advantages and disadvantages and future direction of CAD / CAM post and core. CAD /CAM post and core can be alternative option as compared to the custom-made post and core and prefabricated post and core. KEY WORDS Computer - Aided Design, Computer - Aided Manufacturing, Dental Material, Indirect Restoration, Post and Core

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TOPPER, ANNE K., and GEOFF R. FERNIE. "Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) in Prosthetics." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research &NA;, no. 256 (July 1990): 39???43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199007000-00007.

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SUGINO, Tomohiko, Akio GOFUKU, and Yutaka Tanaka. "1203 Development of a computer aided design to utilize design history." Proceedings of Design & Systems Conference 2001.11 (2001): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedsd.2001.11.30.

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Zavanelli, Adriana Cristina, José Vitor Quinelli Mazaro, Caroline Cantieri de Mello, Joel Ferreira Santiago, and Andressa Paschoal Amoroso. "An Esthetics Rehabilitation with Computer-aided Design/ Computer-aided Manufacturing Technology." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 4 (2014): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1570.

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ABSTRACT Aim This paper describes a case of a rehabilitation involving Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CADCAM) system in implant supported and dental supported prostheses using zirconia as framework. Background The CAD-CAM technology has developed considerably over last few years, becoming a reality in dental practice. Among the widely used systems are the systems based on zirconia which demonstrate important physical and mechanical properties of high strength, adequate fracture toughness, biocompatibility and esthetics, and are indicated for unitary prosthetic restorations and posterior and anterior framework. Case description All the modeling was performed by using CAD-CAM system and prostheses were cemented using resin cement best suited for each situation. Conclusion The rehabilitation of the maxillary arch using zirconia framework demonstrated satisfactory esthetic and functional results after a 12-month control and revealed no biological and technical complications. Clinical significance This article shows the important of use technology CAD/CAM in the manufacture of dental prosthesis and implant-supported. How to cite this article Mazaro JVQ, Mello CC, Zavanelli AC, Santiago JF Jr, Amoroso AP, Pellizzer EP. An Esthetics Rehabilitation with Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Technology. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(4): 506-512.

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Ferrari, G. "Computer Aided Design (CAD) for Printed Circuits." Circuit World 19, no. 4 (March 1993): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb046226.

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Sheldon, D. F., and W. McTaggart. "CAD/CAM: Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing." Computer-Aided Engineering Journal 3, no. 1 (1986): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cae.1986.0009.

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Bhandi, Shilpa H., Mohamed Moustafa Awad, H. Alqahtani, A. Al-Mudahi, MS Murayshed, and A. Alrahlah. "Adhesive Bonding to Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Esthetic Dental Materials: An Overview." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 7 (2017): 622–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2095.

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ABSTRACT Aim To review the adhesive bonding to different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) esthetic restorative materials. Background The use of CAD/CAM esthetic restorative materials has gained popularity in recent years. Several CAD/ CAM esthetic restorative materials are commercially available. Adhesive bonding is a major determinant of success of CAD/ CAM restorations. Review result An account of the currently available bonding strategies are discussed with their rationale in various CAD/ CAM materials. Conclusion Different surface treatment methods as well as adhesion promoters can be used to achieve reliable bonding of CAD/CAM restorative materials. Selection of bonding strategy to such material is determined based on its composition. Further evidence is required to evaluate the effect of new surface treatment methods, such as nonthermal atmospheric plasma and self-etching ceramic primer on bonding to different dental ceramics. Clinical significance An understanding of the currently available bonding strategies to CA/CAM materials can help the clinician to select the most indicated system for each category of materials. How to cite this article Awad MM, Alqahtani H, Al-Mudahi A, Murayshed MS, Alrahlah A, Bhandi SH. Adhesive Bonding to Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Esthetic Dental Materials: An Overview. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):622-626.

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Bilgin, Mehmet Selim, Ebru Nur Baytaroğlu, Ali Erdem, and Erhan Dilber. "A review of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture techniques for removable denture fabrication." European Journal of Dentistry 10, no. 02 (April 2016): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.178304.

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ABSTRACTThe aim of this review was to investigate usage of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) such as milling and rapid prototyping (RP) technologies for removable denture fabrication. An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. Databases were searched from 1987 to 2014. The search was performed using a variety of keywords including CAD/CAM, complete/partial dentures, RP, rapid manufacturing, digitally designed, milled, computerized, and machined. The identified developments (in chronological order), techniques, advantages, and disadvantages of CAD/CAM and RP for removable denture fabrication are summarized. Using a variety of keywords and aiming to find the topic, 78 publications were initially searched. For the main topic, the abstract of these 78 articles were scanned, and 52 publications were selected for reading in detail. Full-text of these articles was gained and searched in detail. Totally, 40 articles that discussed the techniques, advantages, and disadvantages of CAD/CAM and RP for removable denture fabrication and the articles were incorporated in this review. Totally, 16 of the papers summarized in the table. Following review of all relevant publications, it can be concluded that current innovations and technological developments of CAD/CAM and RP allow the digitally planning and manufacturing of removable dentures from start to finish. As a result according to the literature review CAD/CAM techniques and supportive maxillomandibular relationship transfer devices are growing fast. In the close future, fabricating removable dentures will become medical informatics instead of needing a technical staff and procedures. However the methods have several limitations for now.

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Katsuki, Masashi. "Simulation of Combustion and Computer Aided Design." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 97, no. 904 (1994): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.97.904_192.

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Brown, Stephen. "Computer-Aided Learning Support for Environmental Design Students." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 8 (September 1987): 889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100809.

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Intelligent CAD systems could be a useful vehicle for disseminating Human Factors principles among non Human Factors designers. Limitations of current CAD systems are discussed and an experimental system is described. It is suggested that future CAD systems should be less than expert, should be responsive to different learning styles and should employ a variety of electronic media at the user interface.

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Couldwell, William T., Joel D. MacDonald, Charles L. Thomas, Bradley C. Hansen, Aniruddha Lapalikar, Bharat Thakkar, and Alagar K. Balaji. "Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing skull base drill." Neurosurgical Focus 42, no. 5 (May 2017): E6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.2.focus16561.

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The authors have developed a simple device for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) that uses an image-guided system to define a cutting tool path that is shared with a surgical machining system for drilling bone. Information from 2D images (obtained via CT and MRI) is transmitted to a processor that produces a 3D image. The processor generates code defining an optimized cutting tool path, which is sent to a surgical machining system that can drill the desired portion of bone. This tool has applications for bone removal in both cranial and spine neurosurgical approaches. Such applications have the potential to reduce surgical time and associated complications such as infection or blood loss. The device enables rapid removal of bone within 1 mm of vital structures. The validity of such a machining tool is exemplified in the rapid (< 3 minutes machining time) and accurate removal of bone for transtemporal (for example, translabyrinthine) approaches.

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Tomita, M. "Towards Computer Aided Design (CAD) of Useful Microorganisms." Bioinformatics 17, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 1091–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.12.1091.

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Mangano, F., P. Zecca, S. Pozzi-Taubert, A. Macchi, M. Ricci, G. Luongo, and C. Mangano. "Maxillary sinus augmentation using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology." International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery 9, no. 3 (September 7, 2012): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcs.1460.

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Tao Zhang, Mike, and Ken Goldberg. "A Computer-Aided Design Tool in Java for Planar Gripper Design." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1640655.

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We describe an Internet-based CAD tool that automatically designs gripper jaws that will rotate a given rigid convex polygonal part from a selected stable resting orientation to a desired final orientation to facilitate insertion or assembly. In this paper we describe the CAD algorithm, its Java implementation, and improvements that relax input specifications and improve computational efficiency. We illustrate with physical experiments using a machined aluminum part and the resulting gripper as designed by the CAD tool. We also consider cases where a solution may not exist and derive a class of triangular parts that cannot be rotated with the planar grippers. The CAD tool, implemented as a Java applet, is available online at www.ieor.berkeley.edu/∼goldberg/sa-gripper/.

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Zhou, Si Zhu, Chao Li, and Xin Mei Yuan. "Computer Aided Design for PDC Die." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 1296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.1296.

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The polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) is the key component of the diamond bit used in oil drilling. PDC is manufactured by die-cast molding process. The PDC die withstand 1500 degree and 6000 MPa, the designing process is very complex, it is necessary to develop a CAD software for PDC Die, it can improve design efficiency and accuracy. The software has been developed and used in Kingdream Corp. of China for many years.

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Lohbauer, Ulrich, Renan Belli, Marco S. Cune, and Ulf Schepke. "Fractography of clinically fractured, implant-supported dental computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing crowns." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 5 (January 1, 2017): 2050313X1774101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x17741015.

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Today, a substantial part of the dental crown production uses computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. A recent step in restorative dentistry is the replacement of natural tooth structure with pre-polymerized and machined resin-based methacrylic polymers. Recently, a new CAD/CAM composite was launched for the crown indication in the load-bearing area, but the clinical reality forced the manufacturer to withdraw this specific indication. In parallel, a randomized clinical trial of CAD/CAM composite crowns luted on zirconia implant abutments revealed a high incidence of failure within the first year of service. Fractured crowns of this clinical trial were retrieved and submitted to a fractographic examination. The aim of the case series presented in this article was to identify failure reasons for a new type of CAD/CAM composite crown material (Lava Ultimate; 3M Oral Care, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) via fractographic examinations and analytical assessment of luting surfaces and water absorption behavior. As a result, the debonding of the composite crowns from the zirconia implant abutments was identified as the central reason for failure. The adhesive interface was found the weakest link. A lack of silica at the zirconia surface certainly has compromised the bonding potential of the adhesive system from the beginning. Additionally, the hydrolytic stress released from swelling of the resin-based crown (water absorption) and transfer to the luting interface further added to the interfacial stress and most probably contributed to a great extend to the debonding failure.

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Jog, C. S., and S. S. Pande. "Computer-Aided Design of Compact Helical Gear Sets." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 111, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3258996.

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This paper presents the design strategy for the Computer-Aided Design (CAD) of compact helical gear sets. Using optimization techniques, fundamental gear design parameters such as the number of teeth on the pinion, helix angle, and diametral pitch (or module) are selected subject to constraints on bending stresses, contact stresses, and involute interference limits for both standard and nonstandard gearing. The CAD procedure is illustrated with the help of a design example.

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Jackers, Nastasia, Nathalie Maes, France Lambert, Adelin Albert, and Carole Charavet. "Standard vs computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing customized self-ligating systems using indirect bonding with both:." Angle Orthodontist 91, no. 1 (September 14, 2020): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/012920-59.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective To compare treatment duration and quality between standard vs computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) customized self-ligating systems using indirect bonding with both. Materials and Methods This comparative trial included 24 patients: 12 treated with a CAD/CAM custom indirect bonding self-ligating system (CAD/CAM) and 12 others treated with an indirect bonding self-ligating standard system (I-STD). For each group, overall orthodontic treatment (OT) time was calculated and included the time needed to place each arch as well as the duration of the alignment and fine-tuning phases. The quality of the final result was analyzed using the American Board of Orthodontics Cast-Radiograph Evaluation. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were also evaluated. Results Patient characteristics were similar between the 2 groups except for age, which was slightly lower in the I-SDT group. Overall OT time was increased by 26% in the I-STD group compared with the CAD/CAM group (497 ± 40 days vs 393 ± 55 days, P = 0.0002) due to a shorter fine-tuning phase in the latter group (P<0.01). No difference was found between the groups for alignment phase. Quality of the final result was similar (I-STD, 25.7 ± 6.1; CAD/CAM, 21.6 ± 6.3) among the groups. Finally, no difference was found in the PROMs variables. Conclusions Despite a 26% longer OT time when compared with the CAD/CAM customized bracket system, the indirect bonding self-ligating bracket system demonstrated the same quality of treatment. PROMs demonstrated a high level of acceptance and satisfaction for both techniques.

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Andreiuolo, Rafael Ferrone, Carlos Eduardo Sabrosa, and Katia Regina H. Cervantes Dias. "Dual-scan technique for the customization of zirconia computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing frameworks." European Journal of Dentistry 07, S 01 (September 2013): S115—S118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.119088.

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ABSTRACTThe use of bi-layered all-ceramic crowns has continuously grown since the introduction of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) zirconia cores. Unfortunately, despite the outstanding mechanical properties of zirconia, problems related to porcelain cracking or chipping remain. One of the reasons for this is that ceramic copings are usually milled to uniform thicknesses of 0.3-0.6 mm around the whole tooth preparation. This may not provide uniform thickness or appropriate support for the veneering porcelain. To prevent these problems, the dual-scan technique demonstrates an alternative that allows the restorative team to customize zirconia CAD/CAM frameworks with adequate porcelain thickness and support in a simple manner.

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Vinodh, S., and D. Kuttalingam. "Computer‐aided design and engineering as enablers of agile manufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 22, no. 3 (March 15, 2011): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410381111112747.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate computer‐aided design (CAD) and computer‐aided engineering (CAE) as enablers of agile manufacturing (AM).Design/methodology/approachBased on the literature review, the importance of technology integration enabling AM has been found. CAD technology has been used for modelling baseline product; CAE has been used for deriving optimized parameters; new designs have been derived.FindingsThe feasibility of CAD and CAE as enablers of AM has been ensured.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has been conducted only in one automotive sprocket manufacturing organization.Practical implicationsThe practical feasibility of generating new products through technology integration has been ensured.Originality/valueVery little research has been reported on technology‐integrated AM practices. In this study, CAD and CAE have been used for enabling product development.

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Electric Power Development Company,. "Three-Dimensional Geologic Model by CAD (Computer Aided Design)." Journal of the Japan Society of Engineering Geology 27, no. 1 (1986): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5110/jjseg.27.21.

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Ferrari, G. "Computer Aided Design (CAD) for Printed Circuits Part 2." Circuit World 20, no. 1 (April 1993): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb046235.

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Es-Saheb, M. H., and Y. A. Al-Kalifa. "Computer-aided design (CAD) of full hydrodynamic journal bearings." International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 17, no. 1 (2003): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcat.2003.000331.

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Sekou, Singare. "Manufacture of Custom Contoured Seat Cushions Using Computer-Aided Design Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Technique." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.342.

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In the rehabilitation engineering area, the pressure ulcer prevention is an important and healthy problem, especially for people with the spinal cord injured (SCI). This paper aim to develop a computer aided design and computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) method to manufacture custom cushions to prevent pressure ulcer. A patient’s buttock was digitized using 3D laser scanner, and the captured buttock data was processed in reverse engineering environment to generate the 3D surface model of the buttock. The 3D surface model of the buttock is imported into Unigraphics software to create the solid model; then, a flat rectangle that represents the cushion was generated under the buttock to create the buttock-cushion system. Based on the load-deformation relation of cushion materials acquired by the test, the depth of cut of the cushion was established and a CAD model of cushion shape was created through a Boolean subtraction. The CAD model of the contour is post-processed into code that the numerically controlled milling machine (CNC milling) can use to machine the cushion.

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Veisz, David, Essam Z. Namouz, Shraddha Joshi, and Joshua D. Summers. "Computer-aided design versus sketching: An exploratory case study." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 26, no. 3 (August 2012): 317–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060412000170.

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AbstractThis paper presents a preliminary comparison between the role of computer-aided design (CAD) and sketching in engineering through a case study of a senior design project and interviews with industry and academia. The design team consisted of four senior level mechanical engineering students each with less than 1 year of professional experience are observed while completing an industry sponsored mechanical engineering capstone design project across a 17 week semester. Factors investigated include what CAD tools are used, when in the design process they are implemented, the justification for their use from the students' perspectives, the actual knowledge gained from their use, the impact on the final designed artifact, and the contributions of any sketches generated. At each design step, comparisons are made between CAD and sketching. The students implemented CAD tools at the onset of the project, generally failing to realize gains in design efficiency or effectiveness in the early conceptual phases of the design process. As the design became more concrete, the team was able to recognize clear gains in both efficiency and effectiveness through the use of computer assisted design programs. This study is augmented by interviews with novice and experienced industry users and academic instructors to align the trends observed in the case study with industry practice and educational emphasis. A disconnect in the perceived capability of CAD tools was found between novice and experienced user groups. Opinions on the importance of sketching skills differed between novice educators and novice industry professionals, suggesting that there is a change of opinion as to the importance of sketching formed when recent graduates transition from academia to industry. The results suggest that there is a need to emphasize the importance of sketching and a deeper understanding as to the true utility of CAD tools at each stage of the design process.

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Beyl, Caula A. "Low Cost, Computer-aided Landscape Design Using the Macintosh Computer." HortScience 25, no. 3 (March 1990): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.3.353.

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Computer-aided design (CAD) is rapidly becoming an indispensable tool for landscape architects and designers. This has created the need for a simple-to-use, inexpensive, and readily available configuration for introducing computer-aided design on a limited budget to landscape students. This introduction to computer-aided landscape design can be accomplished easily and accurately using the 512K Macintosh computer and the software package MacDraw. Techniques are reported for shading, layering, and customizing plant and groundcover symbols, allowing a personal touch that is lacking in some more-advanced CAD packages. Computer-generated pages can be collaged to make full-sized landscape drawings, which are then copied onto reproduction vellum. In this manner, the design capability is not limited by the size of the minter. This design configuration is currently in use and was used to generate the design and the symbol illustrated.

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May, J., and J. Watson. "Restoration of a Mandibular Incisor With a Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Fabricated Anterior Onlay." Operative Dentistry 44, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/18-217-s.

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SUMMARY The use of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dentistry has triggered novel approaches to restoring teeth in ways that increase efficiency, improve esthetics, and conserve tooth structure. Endodontically treated mandibular incisors offer a challenging restorative opportunity due to the small amount of natural tooth structure and the required amount of reduction needed for restorative material. The case presented demonstrates how to leverage chairside CAD/CAM technology to restore a discolored and fractured endodontically treated mandibular incisor without the use of a post and core and completing the restoration in a single visit.

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Almohareb, Thamer, Mohammed S. Alkatheeri, Fahim Vohra, and Ali Alrahlah. "Influence of experimental staining on the color stability of indirect computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing dental provisional materials." European Journal of Dentistry 12, no. 02 (April 2018): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_1_18.

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ABSTRACT Objective: This study presents a comparative analysis of the color stability of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated provisional restorations with those of conventional restorations. Materials and Methods: Three different provisional restorative materials (Systemp C&B, 3M Protemp 4, and Telio CAD) were inspected for their color stability using four solutions (Pepsi, coffee, tea, and distilled water). All samples used were fabricated using A1 shade by following the manufacturer's instructions. Color assessment was performed using CIELAB system and a colorimeter. After baseline color measurement, color assessments were done weekly after immersion in specified solutions. Triplicate readings were taken for every sample and the mean value of the color coordinates (L*), (a*), and (b*) were recorded at baseline, week 1, week 2, week 3, and week 4. The data within different groups were compared statistically using analysis of variance (⍺ = 0.05). Results: Overall, the highest color stability was found in CAD/CAM material, followed by Protemp and SystempC&B. It was also observed that the maximum color variation was observed in case of coffee, followed by tea and Pepsi. Conclusions: CAD/CAM provisional material (Telio CAD) showed better color stability compared to conventional materials (Protemp 3M ESPE and SystempC&B Ivoclar Vivadent). CAD/CAM provisional materials are recommended for long-term temporization procedures. This is attributed to the prepolymerization, higher monomer conversion, and minimal preparation errors in CAD/CAM materials.

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Sun, Jae Nam, Binil Starly and Wei. "Design by chip: Computer-aided tissue engineering." Biochemist 29, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02901020.

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Computer-aided tissue engineering (CATE) is an evolving, multi-disciplinary field that utilizes the tools of medical image processing, computer-aided design (CAD), computational analysis, multiscale modelling and biomanufacturing for the purposes of tissue engineering. The merging of computation and automation with tissue engineering could have the potential for profound advances in developing tissue replacements and also in better understanding of physiology and pathology at a cellular, tissue, and organ level.

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YOUSSEF, SAUL, PETER DRAGOVITSCH, and JOHN WOMERSLEY. "ABSORBING COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN GEOMETRIES INTO THE GEANT SIMULATION PROGRAM." International Journal of Modern Physics C 05, no. 03 (June 1994): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183194000738.

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The problem of absorbing CAD system defined objects into detector simulation programs like GEANT is a well known unsolved problem in HEP computing. The nature of the problem and potential approaches to a solution are discussed. A solution to one aspect of CAD to GEANT translation is presented where CAD defined objects are represented as a tree of boxes which is then absorbed into GEANT geometries. Space and time benchmarks are discussed.

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Meng, Zhi Qiang, Hong Guang Ji, and Hong Xing Liu. "A Primitive Blocking Study of Reserves’ Graphs Using Computer-Aided Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 1214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.1214.

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All kinds of mining enterprises prefer to use computer-aided design (CAD) in drawing figures of mining reserves. CAD is convenient to operate and ensures the creation of intuitive and beautiful figures. However, CAD causes data error easily due to human intervention. Moreover, CAD wastes time and is prone to omit records. To reduce the incidence of such errors, the current paper examines the transformation of CAD-drawn reserves’ figures and databases into “block” form. This paper also aims to realize the conversion of figure blocks and databases using Visual Basic (VB) in CAD and database applications. To achieve this result, the circle and text are first extracted from CAD form. Then, a series of changes is implemented. Lastly, figure blocks are endowed with new properties. Using this approach can quickly transform figure elements into block properties, achieving good application effects.

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Fougères, Alain-Jérôme, and Egon Ostrosi. "Intelligent agents for feature modelling in computer aided design." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 5, no. 1 (November 6, 2017): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2017.11.001.

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Abstract CAD modelling can be referred to as the process of generating an integrated multiple view model as a representation of multiple views of engineering design. In many situations, a change in the model of one view may conflict with the models of other views. In such situations, the model of some views needs to be adapted in order to make all models consistent. Thus, CAD models should be capable of adapting themselves to new situations. Recently, agent based technologies have been considered in order to increase both knowledge level and intelligence of real and virtual objects. The contribution of this paper consists in introducing the intelligent agents in intelligent CAD modelling. The proposed agents are elementary geometrical and topological objects. They incorporate the functions of observation, decision and action, and possess their own knowledge. Agents have the capacity of communication and inference based on the feature grammars. They are modelled as bio-dynamic objects that enjoy the properties of fusion, division and multiplication. Being aware of the context, the proposed agents interact to form potential regional transitory communities, called regions. Being aware of their belonging in a region, agents interact by generating virtual links (virtual extensions). These virtual links produce: (a) fusion of agents, (b) division of agents and c) multiplication of agents. The emerged agents interact with the other agents in a region to recognize each other and to form specific sub-communities, called intelligent features. From a CAD software development point of view, this paper advocates the idea of a new phase of CAD system development based on the agent-oriented programming (AOP) paradigm. Highlights This paper proposes the agent paradigm for intelligent CAD modelling. Second section presents the state of art. In the third section, using the linguistic hypothesis of product design, a feature modelling formalism is presented. Fourth section presents a formal model for agent modelling. In the fifth section, agents for feature generation and modelling are formalised and modelled. The sixth section presents the application of the method. Finally, in the last section, the conclusion and future developments are proposed.

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Yun, Tae-Gyeong, Gyeong-Je Lee, Chae-Heon Chung, and Hee-Jung Kim. "Radiographic evaluation of computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) customized abutment of implant." Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics 55, no. 3 (2017): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2017.55.3.258.

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Erdman, A. G. "Computer-Aided Mechanism Design: Now and the Future." Journal of Mechanical Design 117, B (June 1, 1995): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2836476.

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The current status of computer-aided design of mechanisms is reviewed. The available software is described and several industrial examples are presented to illustrate current trends in the field of linkage design and analysis. Future strategies and CAD environments are also discussed.

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Erdman, A. G. "Computer-Aided Mechanism Design: Now and the Future." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 117, B (June 1, 1995): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2838682.

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The current status of computer-aided design of mechanisms is reviewed. The available software is described and several industrial examples are presented to illustrate current trends in the field of linkage design and analysis. Future strategies and CAD environments are also discussed.

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Wei, Sun, and Ying Chun Hou. "Computer Aided Styling Design in Automobile." Advanced Materials Research 228-229 (April 2011): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.597.

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According to China Association of Automobile Manufactures statistics, China’s automobile production and sales ranked first in the world in 2009. Although China has become a big country of automobile manufacture, the research and design capabilities of automobile is still weak, especially in styling design. How to use computer aided technology to promote the development of car styling design is the aim of this article. CAS (computer aided styling) may be is a good choice. First, comparing the different among traditional styling design process, CAD design process and CAS design process, this article points out the benefits brought by CAS; Second, this article explain the details of CAS design in car styling design; Finally, this article analysis the character of CAS which is important to apply CAS correctly. If Chinese auto companies could apply CAS well in car styling design, the industry of China automobile will enter a new phase.

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Munusamy, SM, AU Yap, HL Ching, and NA Yahya. "Degradation of Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Composites by Dietary Solvents: An Optical Three-dimensional Surface Analysis." Operative Dentistry 45, no. 4 (February 6, 2020): E176—E184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/19-070-l.

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Clinical Relevance Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) composite resins are susceptible to degradation by dietary solvents. Dietary counselling is prudent when placing such CAD/CAM restorations. SUMMARY This study determined the effect of dietary solvents on the surface roughness (Ra) of direct, indirect, and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dental composites. The materials evaluated were a direct composite (Filtek Z350 XT [FZ]), an indirect composite (Shofu Ceramage [CM]), and four CAD/CAM composites (Lava Ultimate [LU], Shofu Block HC [HC], Cerasmart [CS], and Vita Enamic [VE]). Specimens (12×14×1.5 mm) of each material were prepared, measured for baseline Ra, ranked, divided into six groups (n=12), and conditioned in the following media for 1 week at 37°C: air (control), distilled water, 0.02 N citric acid, 0.02 N lactic acid, heptane, and 50% ethanol-water solution. The composite specimens were then subjected to postconditioning Ra testing using an optical three-dimensional surface analyzer (G4e, Alicona Imaging GmbH, Raaba, Austria). Inter-medium and inter-material comparisons were performed with one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni test at a significance level of α=0.05. Mean Ra values ranged from 0.086 ± 0.004 μm to 0.153 ± 0.005 μm for the various material/medium combinations. For all materials, conditioning in air (control) and distilled water generally resulted in significantly lower mean Ra than exposure to other dietary solvents. Conditioning in citric acid presented the roughest surfaces for FZ, CM, and CS. For LU, HC, and VE, exposure to lactic acid, heptane, and ethanol solution resulted in the highest mean Ra. Regardless of conditioning media, FZ had the highest and VE the lowest mean Ra compared with other composites. The CAD/CAM composites remained susceptible to surface degradation by dietary solvents despite their industrial polymerization.

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Fisher, Mark, Miguel Medina, Branko Bojovic, Edward Ahn, and Amir H. Dorafshar. "Indications for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing in Congenital Craniofacial Reconstruction." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 9, no. 3 (September 2016): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1584391.

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The complex three-dimensional relationships in congenital craniofacial reconstruction uniquely lend themselves to the ability to accurately plan and model the result provided by computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM). The goal of this study was to illustrate indications where CAD/CAM would be helpful in the treatment of congenital craniofacial anomalies reconstruction and to discuss the application of this technology and its outcomes. A retrospective review was performed of all congenital craniofacial cases performed by the senior author between 2010 and 2014. Cases where CAD/CAM was used were identified, and illustrative cases to demonstrate the benefits of CAD/CAM were selected. Preoperative appearance, computerized plan, intraoperative course, and final outcome were analyzed. Preoperative planning enabled efficient execution of the operative plan with predictable results. Risk factors which made these patients good candidates for CAD/CAM were identified and compiled. Several indications, including multisuture and revisional craniosynostosis, facial bipartition, four-wall box osteotomy, reduction cranioplasty, and distraction osteogenesis could benefit most from this technology. We illustrate the use of CAD/CAM for these applications and describe the decision-making process both before and during surgery. We explore why we believe that CAD/CAM is indicated in these scenarios as well as the disadvantages and risks.

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Deans, N. D., S. J. Chalmers, C. Paterson, and A. Jutagir. "Computer Aided Design of Systems at Functional Level." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 26, no. 1-2 (January 1989): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072098902600122.

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Existing CAD tools are largely used to examine and verify the behaviour of circuits already designed by engineers. This paper describes high-level behavioural modelling facilities developed to simulate algorithmic state machines and digital signal processing systems and so confirm their behaviour before detailed circuit design work is undertaken.

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Mangano, Francesco Guido, Piero Antonio Zecca, Ric van Noort, Samvel Apresyan, Giovanna Iezzi, Adriano Piattelli, Aldo Macchi, and Carlo Mangano. "Custom-Made Computer-Aided-Design/Computer-Aided-Manufacturing Biphasic Calcium-Phosphate Scaffold for Augmentation of an Atrophic Mandibular Anterior Ridge." Case Reports in Dentistry 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/941265.

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This report documents the clinical, radiographic, and histologic outcome of a custom-made computer-aided-design/computer-aided-manufactured (CAD/CAM) scaffold used for the alveolar ridge augmentation of a severely atrophic anterior mandible. Computed tomographic (CT) images of an atrophic anterior mandible were acquired and modified into a 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction model; this was transferred to a CAD program, where a custom-made scaffold was designed. CAM software generated a set of tool-paths for the manufacture of the scaffold on a computer-numerical-control milling machine into the exact shape of the 3D design. A custom-made scaffold was milled from a synthetic micromacroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) block. The scaffold closely matched the shape of the defect: this helped to reduce the time for the surgery and contributed to good healing. One year later, newly formed and well-integrated bone was clinically available, and two implants (AnyRidge, MegaGen, Gyeongbuk, South Korea) were placed. The histologic samples retrieved from the implant sites revealed compact mature bone undergoing remodelling, marrow spaces, and newly formed trabecular bone surrounded by residual BCP particles. This study demonstrates that custom-made scaffolds can be fabricated by combining CT scans and CAD/CAM techniques. Further studies on a larger sample of patients are needed to confirm these results.

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Todorovic, Aleksandar, and Vojkan Lazic. "Computer aided design and manufacturing of dental restorations - “computerized impression” technology." Serbian Dental Journal 53, no. 1 (2006): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0601042t.

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CAD/CAM technology (Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Manufacturing) in the matter of fact helps in design and development of two-dimensional or three-dimensional models and their realization on numerical controlled machines. The key to direct or indirect CAD/CAM dental restorations is the measurement of dental preparation in the mouth or on the plaster die. The aim of this paper is to describe the possibilities and the way of function of different computer aided inspection (CAI) systems as a first part of CAD/CAM systems. Different researchers have presented several approaches of methods for three dimensional (3D) measurement. Today, for chairside dental treatment, only the optical method of measurement has lead to satisfactory results in practice. Laboratory CAD/CAM systems use mechanical and optical technologies for 3D measurement. Optical impression grows as a leader of CAI segment of almost every new CAD/CAM system. The most important properties of 3D scanners are: accuracy, volume and speed of measurement and ergonomy of instrument. .

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Xu, Jianfei, S. M. AbouRizk, and Cam Fraser. "Integrated three-dimensional computer-aided design and discrete-event simulation models." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-110.

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Three-dimensional computer-aided design (3D-CAD) systems that integrate critical path method (CPM) algorithms, commonly referred to as four-dimensional computer-aided design (4D-CAD), have received a high level of interest over the past few years due to the insight they offer into constructability and feasibility analysis. This paper outlines an approach that facilitates this modeling method through integration between a commercial 3D-CAD software package and a discrete-event simulation tool. This approach employs a product-based modeling method that integrates simulation models with CAD drawings to provide real-time analysis and improved model accuracy in modeling construction operations. By integrating with 3D-CAD drawings, the models require much less data entry and provide a much higher degree of accuracy. Additionally, during the course of a project, resource and time consumption data can be collected and used to continually update the model, minimizing the use of assumptions and generalized data. This paper provides a short background and literature review to contextualize the problem statement, describes the product atomic component (PAC) used to integrate 3D-CAD and the simulation model, outlines some of the implementation issues in a simulation context, and presents a prototype system with an example application for an earthmoving project.Key words: 4D-CAD, CPM, product atomic component, simulation modeling, integration, earthmoving.

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Xu, Xiang Bin, and Xin Jian Zhou. "KBCADFW: A Knowledge-Based Collaborative Computer-Aided Design Framework." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 3336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.3336.

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KBCADFW is a collaborative designing platform which integrates CAD/PDM/KM, it manages the product designing resources such as documents, data, knowledge, designing flow etc, KBCADFW uses workflow management system as it’s integration tool to make CAD/PDM/KM working together, it defines product designing knowledge structure and knowledge reasoning algorithm, also defines data exchange format and application integration interface among designing resources, realizing distributed designing resources sharing and application integration. As an knowledge-based product designing platform, KBCADFW solves the key problem in knowledge-based product designing ,such as designing process definition, product designing knowledge expression, knowledge extraction, designing data exchange and application integration etc.

Journal articles on the topic 'CAD (computer aided design)'

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