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Journal articles on the topic 'CAD Translation'
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ASIABANPOUR, BAHRAM, ALIREZA MOKHTAR, MOHAMMAD HAYASI, ALI KAMRANI, and EMAD ABOUEL NASR. "AN OVERVIEW ON FIVE APPROACHES FOR TRANSLATING CAD DATA INTO MANUFACTURING INFORMATION." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 08, no. 01 (June 2009): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686709001687.
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All Rapid Prototyping and CNC material removal processes use information which is extracted from a CAD system. There are several ways to convert CAD data into usable manufacturing information. In this paper, five methods of translating CAD data into a usable manufacturing format are explained. These five methods are data translation from CAD files in STL, DXF, STEP-NC, and IGES formats as well as a platform-dependent area method of manufacturing information in a desirable format. For each method, algorithms and details about the CAD data translation into usable manufacturing and prototyping processes formats are presented. Finally, applications of each approach and its pros and cons are summarized in a table.
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Thilmany, Jean. "Translation Time." Mechanical Engineering 128, no. 10 (October 1, 2006): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2006-oct-3.
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This paper describes an automated system to address disconnect between the design and analysis programs. The disconnect between computer-aided design (CAD) and analysis occurs because one system is powered by geometrical information and the other is not. One system is meant to handle geometry, while the other creates a mesh and does not rely on geometry in the same way that CAD does. Engineering software developers coming up with a design-analysis workaround by building design automation into their CAD packages. This method gives engineers vital information about the part from the get-go. The information is gleaned from the past designs for similar parts and can be automatically included in the new model. Such automated systems capture expert knowledge and reapply it to other models. The system might ask engineers to answer several questions about what they intend to design before they even start. The automated system would help engineers build parts upfront that would meet criteria for phenomena from varied disciplines, including fluid, structural, or thermal analysis.
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Mishchenko, Elena, and Vladimir Mishchenko. "Exploring the CAD model of the manipulator using CAD Translation and Simscape Multibody." E3S Web of Conferences 279 (2021): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127903014.
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The possibilities of the dynamic research of the manipulator CAD-model after its translation into Simscape Multibody using CAD Translation are considered. The results of the simulation are presented. The described approach to modeling allows you to reproduce the dynamics of a real physical object.
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Safdar, Mutahar, Tahir Abbas Jauhar, Youngki Kim, Hanra Lee, Chiho Noh, Hyebin Kim, Inhwan Lee, Imgyu Kim, Soonjo Kwon, and Soonhung Han. "Feature-based translation of CAD models with macro-parametric approach: issues of feature mapping, persistent naming, and constraint translation." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 7, no. 5 (April 9, 2020): 603–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwaa043.
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Abstract Feature-based translation of computer-aided design (CAD) models allows designers to preserve the modeling history as a series of modeling operations. Modeling operations or features contain information that is required to modify CAD models to create different variants. Conventional formats, including the standard for the exchange of product model data or the initial graphics exchange specification, cannot preserve design intent and only geometric models can be exchanged. As a result, it is not possible to modify these models after their exchange. Macro-parametric approach (MPA) is a method for exchanging feature-based CAD models among heterogeneous CAD systems. TransCAD, a CAD system for inter-CAD translation, is based on this approach. Translators based on MPA were implemented and tested for exchange between two commercial CAD systems. The issues found during the test rallies are reported and analyzed in this work. MPA can be further extended to remaining features and constraints for exchange between commercial CAD systems.
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Meyer, Steve. "CAD tool interchangeability through Net list translation." ACM SIGDA Newsletter 20, no. 1 (June 1990): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/378886.378891.
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Baumgartner, Henry. "A STEP to Improved CAD." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 02 (February 1, 1998): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-feb-5.
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This article highlights that by using a standard that enables complete product model data to be transmitted digitally, a company can build open systems to make information available on many platforms throughout its operations. The world of CAD/CAM has viewed the International Graphics Exchange Standard (IGES) as its translation standard for years, using the system to move two-dimensional models from one program to another. While IGES does, in fact, do a good job of transmitting basic geometry, another translator—the Standard for the Exchange of Product Data (STEP) —has been gaining on IGES in popularity. STEP goes considerably further than just transmitting geometry; it provides users with the ability to express and exchange digitally useful product information throughout a product's life cycle, including design, analysis, manufacturing, and support. In short, IGES transmits two-dimensional drawings, while STEP transmits complete product models. The updated schema, consisting of an ASCII file written in EXPRESS, is simply run through a utility that merges the extensions that have been added by Unigraphics with the standard ST-Developer libraries. Updating the translator to incorporate an upgraded version of the libraries is just as easy.
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Lakhov, A. Y., and K. A. Lakhov. "TRANSLATION OF GEOMETRIC MODELS OF SINGLE-CONTOUR GEODESIC DOMES FROM ARCHICAD TO A NEUTRAL STEP FORMAT." Construction and industrial safety, no. 21 (73) (2021): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1873-2021-21-107-114.
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The methods of data exchange between CAD and CAE systems are described. The first method is using direct conversion, the second method is using neutral formats. The description of the modular system for designing and analysis the strength and stability of single-contour and double-contour geodesic shells GeoTran is given. The direct translation of geometric models from ArchiCAD to Patran/Nastran / Dytran has the disadvantage of having to develop translators for each data exchange scheme. It is proposed to implement the translation of geometric models in a neutral STEP format, which reduces the number of required translators. It is noted that the STEP format is recognized by various CAE systems that implement the finite element method (Autodesk Mechanical Desktop, Bentley Microstation, CATIA V4, CATIA V5, MSC Patran/Nastran, UGS PLM Solutions NX). The characteristics of the OBJ format used for storing a geometric model in the ArchiCAD CAD system and the STEP format used for data exchange with CAE systems are studied. A translator of geometric models of single-contour geodesic shells from ArchiCAD to STEP format in the Visual Basic programming language has been developed. For this purpose a syntactically oriented approach was used. The translator has a graphical user interface that makes it easier to use. The translator allows you to automate the exchange of data between the ArchiCAD CAD system and various CAE systems designed for strength analysis and supporting import from the STEP format. The applicability of the translator for the exchange of data on geometric models of single-contour geodesic domes with triangular plates between ArchiCAD and the Delcam Exchange converter program is verified. It is demonstrated that the STEP file format generated by the OBJSTEPTranslator is recognized by an external program.
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Cho, Gui-Mok, Jin-Sang Hwang, and Young-Kuk Kim. "Translation of 3D CAD Data to X3D Dataset Maintaining the Product Structure." KIPS Transactions:PartA 18A, no. 3 (June 30, 2011): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipsta.2011.18a.3.081.
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Jiang, Xue Mei, Xiao Li Tu, Bo Li, and Xiao Mei Zhang. "Reversible Watermarking Algorithm in DFT Domain for 2D CAD Engineering Graphics." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.826.
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In this paper, extract the coordinates of the vertices of the 2D CAD graphics to construct the complex-valued signal. And use the signal to do the DFT. The encrypted watermark is embedded into the DFT amplitude by using the IDE algorithm. Experimental results show that the algorithm has good invisibility, with good reversibility. The algorithm has robust against the attacks such as combination of translation, rotation, translation and adding an entity.
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YOUSSEF, SAUL, PETER DRAGOVITSCH, and JOHN WOMERSLEY. "ABSORBING COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN GEOMETRIES INTO THE GEANT SIMULATION PROGRAM." International Journal of Modern Physics C 05, no. 03 (June 1994): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183194000738.
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The problem of absorbing CAD system defined objects into detector simulation programs like GEANT is a well known unsolved problem in HEP computing. The nature of the problem and potential approaches to a solution are discussed. A solution to one aspect of CAD to GEANT translation is presented where CAD defined objects are represented as a tree of boxes which is then absorbed into GEANT geometries. Space and time benchmarks are discussed.
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IJzendoorn, Marinus H. "Commentary: Addressing the Replication and Translation Crises Taking One Step Forward, Two Steps Back? A Plea for Slow Experimental Research Instead of Fast “Participatory” Studies." New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development 2019, no. 167 (September 2019): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cad.20308.
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Frumkin, A., Z. Rangini, A. Ben-Yehuda, Y. Gruenbaum, and A. Fainsod. "A chicken caudal homologue, CHox-cad, is expressed in the epiblast with posterior localization and in the early endodermal lineage." Development 112, no. 1 (May 1, 1991): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.112.1.207.
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CHox-cad is a chicken homeobox gene whose homeodomain is homologous to the Drosophila caudal and the murine Cdx1 genes. Based on sequence analysis of a 2.5 kb CHox-cad cDNA clone, we deduced that the primary translation product consists of 248 amino acids. Comparison between the cDNA and genomic clones revealed the presence of an intron within the CHox-cad homeodomain between amino acids 44 and 45. The onset of CHox-cad transcription correlates temporarily with the beginning of gastrulation. During primitive streak stages CHox-cad exhibits a caudally localized pattern of expression restricted to the epiblast and the primitive streak. At these stages, CHox-cad transcripts can also be detected in the definitive endoderm cells. Later in embryogenesis CHox-cad is expressed in the epithelial lining of the embryonic gut and yolk sac. After four days of chicken development, no CHox-cad transcripts could be detected. The early CHox-cad posterior expression in the germ layer undergoing gastrulation and its continuous expression in the early endodermal lineage raise the possibility of CHox-cad involvement in the establishment of the definitive endoderm.
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Mukae, Naomi, Masato Enari, Hideki Sakahira, Yoji Fukuda, Johji Inazawa, Hiroyuki Toh, and Shigekazu Nagata. "Molecular cloning and characterization of human caspase-activated DNase." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95, no. 16 (August 4, 1998): 9123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.16.9123.
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Caspase-activated DNase (CAD) cleaves chromosomal DNA during apoptosis. Here, we report isolation of two classes of human CAD cDNAs from a human KT-3 leukemic cell cDNA library. One class of cDNA encoded a protein comprising 338 amino acids, which showed a marked similarity to its murine counterpart. In vitro transcription and translation of this cDNA resulted in a functional CAD protein when the protein was synthesized in the presence of its inhibitor (inhibitor of CAD). The other cDNA class contained many deletions, insertions, and point mutations in the sequence corresponding to the coding region, suggesting that it is derived from a pseudogene. The functional CAD gene was localized to human chromosome 1p36.3 by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The CAD mRNA was expressed in a limited number of human tissues, including pancreas, spleen, prostate, and ovary. The expression of the CAD mRNA in human cell lines correlated with their ability to show DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. Overexpression of CAD potentiated DNA fragmentation by apoptotic stimuli in these cell lines, indicating that CAD is responsible for the apoptotic DNA degradation.
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Song, In-Ho, and Sung-Chong Chung. "Web-based CAD viewer with dimensional verification capability through the STEP translation server." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 21, no. 8 (August 2007): 1235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03179040.
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Schmidt, William R., James R. Vander Schaaf, and Richard V. Shields. "Modeling and Transfer of Product Model Digital Data for DDG 51 Class Destroyer Program." Journal of Ship Production 7, no. 04 (November 1, 1991): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1991.7.4.205.
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The significant benefits achieved by the Navy from application of a CAD/CAM modeling technique to the Aegis Destroyer Construction Program are described. Building a computer model of the ship—the Arleigh Burke Class (DDG 51)—prior to construction reduces interferences and improves design accuracy and completeness. Major challenges addressed by the paper are the translation to CAD of an existing paper design and the transfer of three-dimensional CAD product models in order to permit construction of the ship at two different yards. This ongoing project represents a major cooperative effort between the Navy, design agencies, weapons systems manufacturers, and two private shipyards.
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Lasko, P., P. Cho, F. Poulin, and N. Sonenberg. "Contrasting mechanisms of regulating translation of specific Drosophila germline mRNAs at the level of 5′-cap structure binding." Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no. 6 (October 26, 2005): 1544–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0331544.
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Translational control is a key genetic regulatory mechanism underlying the initial establishment of the major spatial axes of the Drosophila embryo. Many translational control mechanisms target eIF4E (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E), an initiation factor that recognizes the 5′-cap structure of the mRNA. Cap recognition by eIF4E, in complex with eIF4G, is essential for recruitment of the mRNA to the small ribosomal subunit. One established mechanism for repressing translation involves eIF4E-binding proteins, which competitively inhibit the eIF4E–eIF4G interaction. Our group has uncovered a novel mechanism for repression in which an eIF4E cognate protein called d4EHP, which cannot bind eIF4G, binds to the 5′-cap structure of cad mRNA thus rendering it translationally inactive. These two related, but distinct, mechanisms are discussed and contrasted in this review.
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Long, Min, Yan Liu, and Fei Peng. "A Semi-Fragile Reversible Watermarking for 2D CAD Engineering Graphics with Accurate Tampering Localization." International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics 7, no. 3 (July 2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdcf.2015070101.
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A semi-fragile reversible watermarking algorithm for 2D CAD engineering graphics with accurate tampering localization is proposed. Firstly, all vertices in the 2D CAD engineering graphics are extracted and partitioned into groups. After that, the relative distance of these vertices are calculated, and the assigned group number is used as watermark. Finally, the watermark is embedded into the factor of relative distance by using an improved difference expansion. Experimental results and analysis show that the proposed algorithm can obtain a large capacity, good invisibility, and robust against translation, rotation, and uniform scaling. At the same time, it can detect malicious attacks such as entity modification, addition and deletion, and can locate the tampering areas with a high precision. As for the watermarked 2D CAD engineering graphics passing authentication, the original 2D CAD engineering graphics can be completely recovered. It has great potential in the application of integrity protection and content authentication of 2D CAD engineering graphics.
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Thilmany, Jean. "Beyond Step." Mechanical Engineering 129, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2007-oct-5.
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This article reviews modern-day computer numerically controlled machines are no longer modern enough. The 50-year-old G and M codes that drive those machines cannot transfer valuable geometric information from CAD and CAM systems, according to a group of experts who are advocating for widespread use of the recently approved STEPNC standard. With the new standard, CAD and CAM applications have the capability to send product information to CNC machines. Today’s global engineering companies commonly pass CAD files back and forth. There are a number of ways for suppliers to translate their own CAD files into a format that original equipment manufacturers can read. The STEP and IGES translation programs have the same problems as human translators. Sometimes, there just is not a one-to-one correlation between words or, in the case of CAD systems, pieces of product data, like geometry features or attributes. IGES and STEP standards have to evolve as fast as today’s engineering technologies are evolving.
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Cadwell, Patrick, Sharon O’Brien, and Eric DeLuca. "More than tweets." Translation Spaces 8, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 300–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.19018.cad.
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Abstract The application of machine translation (MT) in crisis settings is of increasing interest to humanitarian practitioners. We collaborated with industry and non-profit partners: (1) to develop and test the utility of an MT system trained specifically on crisis-related content in an under-resourced language combination (French-to-Swahili); and (2) to evaluate the extent to which speakers of both French and Swahili without post-editing experience could be mobilized to post-edit the output of this system effectively. Our small study carried out in Kenya found that our system performed well, provided useful output, and was positively evaluated by inexperienced post-editors. We use the study to discuss the feasibility of MT use in crisis settings for low-resource language combinations and make recommendations on data selection and domain consideration for future crisis-related MT development.
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Taylor, Jonathan, and John Fenner. "Clinical Adoption of CAD: Exploration of the Barriers to Translation through an Example Application." Procedia Computer Science 90 (2016): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.029.
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Brown, Alan S. "The Many Favours of Open." Mechanical Engineering 122, no. 03 (March 1, 2000): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2000-mar-1.
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This article highlights that a National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) studies the problems in exchanging CAD models that makes at least $1 billion in profits from the US automotive industry every year. CAD has long been familiar to most engineers and designers. CAD systems design, model, and maintain engineering representations. The resulting models may describe something as simple as a screw or beam, or as complex as an automobile or aircraft. Companies now test and revise designs before building even a single physical mockup. CAD developers are discovering a demand for more interoperable programs. Private developers are rushing into the breach with a variety of programs that enable users to begin managing translation and healing. It is certainly a step in the right direction—and one that may eventually allow companies and their collaborators, customers, and suppliers to work together to design, analyze, simulate, test, manufacture, and assemble products electronically before anyone bends the first piece of metal.
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Thilmany, Jean. "Supply Channels." Mechanical Engineering 124, no. 05 (May 1, 2002): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2002-may-4.
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This article discusses about a universal CAD language that would enable users to pass information freely back and forth between systems without a great deal of translation. Vital CAD information can get lost or botched when models are translated by means of initial graphics exchange specification (IGES) or standard for the exchange of product model data (STEP). Many small suppliers are more agile than their larger, bureaucracy-bound counterparts. BMW is experimenting with CAD conferencing technology that is similar to Harbec's software, although it has not yet brought a system in-house. Automakers must use CAD conferencing and other collaborative technologies more, but they are often held back by one very important issue: security. Collaborative technology allows OEMs to get design, document, and pricing information to their suppliers more easily, but it really does not change the true nature of the supplier and OEM relationship, which has historically included sharing documents and a level of trust.
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Liu, Wei Dong, and Yuan Sun. "Parametric Representation for Geometry Variation in Digital Mechanical System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 686 (October 2014): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.686.507.
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Ideal geometry is mainly represented by several parameters in traditional CAD system. Based on these parameters, ideal geometry can be dynamically constructed to build the entire CAD entity; however, the modeling of variated geometry by parameters is not included, and parametric representation for variated geometry is introduced in this paper; sets of parameters for different types of geometry variation are discussed. Based on parametric representation for variated geometry, the translation and orientation error of part that affected by the variation of geometry is calculated, the process for converting geometry error to parametric part location error is introduced.
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Joshi, Manjunath B., Danila Ivanov, Maria Philippova, Emmanouil Kyriakakis, Paul Erne, and Thérèse J. Resink. "A requirement for thioredoxin in redox-sensitive modulation of T-cadherin expression in endothelial cells." Biochemical Journal 416, no. 2 (November 12, 2008): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20080765.
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T-cad (T-cadherin), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cadherin superfamily member, is expressed widely in the brain and cardiovascular system, and absent, decreased, or even increased, in cancers. Mechanisms controlling T-cad expression are poorly understood. The present study investigated transcriptional regulation of T-cad in ECs (endothelial cells). Conditions of oxidative stress (serum-deprivation or presence of H2O2) elevate T-cad mRNA and protein levels in ECs. Reporter gene analysis, using serially deleted T-cad promoter stretches ranging from −99 to −2304 bp, located the minimal promoter region of T-cad within −285 bp from the translation start site. Reporter activity in ECs transfected with the −285 bp construct increased under conditions of oxidative stress, and this was normalized by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. An electrophoretic-mobility-shift assay revealed a specific nucleoprotein complex unique to −156 to −203 bp, which increased when nuclear extracts from oxidatively stressed ECs were used, suggesting the presence of redox-sensitive binding element(s). MS analysis of the nucleoprotein complex unique to −156 to −203 bp after streptavidin–agarose pull-down detected the presence of the redox-active protein thioredoxin. The presence of thioredoxin-1 in a nuclear extract from oxidatively stressed ECs was demonstrated after immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Transfection of ECs with thioredoxin-1 small interfering RNA abrogated oxidative-stress-induced up-regulation of T-cad transcripts and protein. We conclude that thioredoxin-1 is an important determinant of redox-sensitive transcriptional up-regulation of T-cad in ECs.
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Ionova, Zh I., E. G. Sergeeva, and O. A. Berkovich. "Genetic and epigenetic factors regulating the expression and function of the vitamin D receptor in patients with coronary artery disease." Russian Journal of Cardiology 26 (April 22, 2021): 4251. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4251.
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Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. Using traditional risk factors for CAD, it is possible to predict the likelihood of acute coronary events in no more than 50% of cases. Therefore, the study of influence of genetic and epigenetic factors on the development of CAD is extremely important. Research in recent years has shown that vitamin D deficiency is a new risk factor for atherosclerosis and immune inflammation. Vitamin D implements protective effects against immune inflammation through receptors in the vascular wall. A single nucleotide polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is a potential risk factor for CAD associated with low vitamin D levels. VDR expression correlates with the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and is regulated by microRNAs — microRNA-125a-5p, microRNA-125b-5p, microRNA-214-3p and microRNA-21 These microRNAs regulate the action, synthesis and metabolism of vitamin D and can themselves be influenced by VDR signals through dynamic feedback, which can lead to destabilization of mRNA and inhibition of translation. This literature review highlights the effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism of the VDR gene and microRNA on the pathogenetic mechanisms of CAD.
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Jiang-sheng, Liu, Yao Ying-xue, S. A. Pahlovy, and Li Jian-guang. "A novel data decomposition and information translation method from CAD system to virtual assembly application." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 28, no. 3-4 (January 18, 2006): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-004-2284-3.
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Ruiz, Patricia, and Bernabé Dorronsoro. "A Novel CAD Tool for Electric Educational Diagrams." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040810.
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Computer-aided design (CAD) is a technological revolution, very powerful and with large applicability to problem solving. It is essential in many different disciplines ranging from architecture to education, medicine, physics, or gaming. In this work, we propose a novel CAD tool, called CADDi, to assist in the design of electric diagrams in the educational context. We are applying the theory of formal languages to create WDLang, an easy-to-use, highly expressive, unequivocal, and correct programming language for designing electric circuits. This programming language is the cornerstone of CADDi, which automatically generates the equivalent ladder diagram (explains the circuit operation) to the programmed circuit, offering additional features that allow analysis of its functionality in an interactive way. It also offers a graphical interface to directly design ladder diagrams, or to modify the automatically generated ones. The existing electrical CAD tools are either very simple, e.g., for creating good-looking diagrams with no functionality, or too complex, for professional systems design. CADDi is extremely useful for learning purposes. It assists users on how to generate ladder diagrams, and on understanding the behavior of electrical circuits. Additionally, it serves as an assessment tool for self-evaluation in the translation from wiring diagrams to ladder ones. In order to make CADDi highly accessible, it was implemented as a web page.
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Lee, Hyunoh, Chiho Noh, Seyun Kim, Byung Chul Kim, Jinpyo Park, Duhwan Mun, and Soonhung Han. "Neutral model-based interfacing of 3D design to support collaborative project management in the process plant industry." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 8, no. 3 (May 13, 2021): 824–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwab017.
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Abstract The three-dimensional (3D) design data employed in a process plant construction project are generated during both the basic design and detailed design stages and are used for various purposes throughout the life cycle of the project. After the design stage, 3D design data are converted to a lightweight 3D format and utilized to support procurement, construction, and audit work in a collaborative project management system. However, significant time and cost are incurred when separate interfaces to convert design data are developed for each plant 3D computer-aided design (CAD) system. As an alternative, a method exists to integrate an interface using a neutral model. After translating the 3D input design data for the plant 3D CAD system to a neutral format, this study proposes an interface for use in collaborative project management by converting the data into a lightweight 3D model. In addition, detailed techniques for implementing the proposed interface are described. To verify the validity of the proposed neutral model-based 3D design data interface, translation, inspection, and lightweighting experiments are performed using 3D design data for a synthesized natural gas production plant project.
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Han, Zhen Yu, Po Hu, De Dong Han, and Hong Ya Fu. "A Framework of STEP-NC Manufacturing System Integrating CAD, CAPP, CAM and CNC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 233 (November 2012): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.233.365.
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This paper outlines a conceptual framework of STEP-NC manufacturing system, which integrates the entire manufacturing process including CAD, CAPP, CAM and CNC, to make full use of the advantages of the new generation of data model. The STEP-NC manufacturing system consists of five parts and the STEP-NC standard is used to transport the complete product information. The intelligent CNC in this system can parse STEP-NC program directly so that no translation is needed and the part programs are reusable. Networked manufacturing can be realized by implementing this new framework of STEP-NC manufacturing system.
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Li, Qiong, and Carol A. Rubin. "Virtual Prototype Design and Test-Simplifying the CAD/Analysis Interface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 3473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.3473.
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The design of mechanical structural parts is now predominantly a digital process. As an important element of the virtual design cycle, these parts must be tested for their structural integrity using finite element analysis (FEA) software. However, the interface between CAD and FEA is imperfect. The process of preparing CAD models for FEA consumes a great deal of the stress analyst’s time. Existing “automatic” CAD to FEA translators tend to treat all part features as “solid”; this leads to longer computation times and less accurate results for features that can be better characterized as “thin” or “long.” In addition, many features of CAD parts (e.g. fillets and chamfers) are important for their size and shape in the manufactured product, but have relatively little impact on the strength of the part and needlessly complicate the stress analysis—these features are usually removed by the analyst prior to FEA; they may need to be evaluated with additional analyses to test if it is safe to remove them. The Automatic CAD-FEA Interface Project (ACFI), is developing algorithms to make the translation from CAD to FEA seamless and automatic; these algorithms are based on mathematical theory and the principles of theoretical mechanics. This paper presents the latest ACFI advances for (i) automatically evaluating and reworking three dimensional CAD part geometries to prepare them for finite element meshing, (ii) exporting the revised geometries to a preprocessor, and (iii) identifying element type to be associated with each feature geometry. The algorithms used in this work approximate the medial axis transform (MAT) of the CAD part, a “power shape” that represents the three-dimensional solid part. This part can then be evaluated for its geometric properties. This approach has been shown to be a robust method for shape interrogation of three dimensional geometries.
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Li, Min, Shuming Gao, and Charlie C. L. Wang. "Real-Time Collaborative Design With Heterogeneous CAD Systems Based on Neutral Modeling Commands." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 7, no. 2 (September 6, 2006): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2720880.
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This paper presents an integration-based solution for developing a real-time collaborative design (co-design) platform on heterogeneous computer-aided design (CAD) systems. Different from the visualization-based approaches, the product models are allowed to be constructed and modified from various sites together in the proposed collaborative design platform. Our approach is based on a mechanism for the translation between system modeling operations (SMOs) and neutral modeling commands (NMCs). Every operation given by a user on one site is translated into a NMC and transmitted to all the other sites through the network, and then the received NMC is converted into corresponding SMOs on every other site, instantaneously. Since only the commands but not the product data are transferred, the data size under transmission is greatly reduced, so that a real-time synchronization can be achieved with a standard network bandwidth. In addition, by developing system-dependent SMO↔NMC translators on different client CAD systems, users on different sites could join the collaboration by using their familiar CAD systems; this is the benefit that cannot be offered by the homogeneous co-design systems. The prototype implementation proves that our approach works well for integrating various current popular commercial CAD systems into a real-time collaborative design platform.
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Fischer, Bryan R. "A Step Up." Mechanical Engineering 137, no. 03 (March 1, 2015): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2015-mar-3.
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This article presents work done by International Organization for Standardization in providing useful information. The International Organization for Standardization has released a new standard for the exchange of product-model data, ISO 10303-242, which is a new application protocol standard in the STEP family of standards. The standard significantly improves STEP’s capabilities, especially in providing useful information for an enterprise. STEP is commonly used in industry to share 3-D CAD model geometry with organizations using different CAD software with different proprietary data formats. The semantic information of the new standard is computer-interpretable; it can be used in semi-automated and automated systems and is intended to be used by software designed for tolerance analysis, inspection, and manufacturing. The CAx Implementor Forum is an essential part of STEP development. The CAx-IF works in parallel with the AP242 team to develop recommended practices for the implementation of AP242 in CAD and data translation software, to test the data models and best practices, and to provide critical feedback to the AP242 team.
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Sprumont, François, and Paul Xirouchakis. "Towards a Knowledge-Based Model for the Computer Aided Design Process." Concurrent Engineering 10, no. 2 (June 2002): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293x02010002636.
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We propose in this paper a model for an elementary activity of the computer aided design (CAD) process, taking into account the specificity of the utilization of a computer: its capability to manipulate a relatively high volume of data and to explore alternatives quickly and systematically. The CAD activity is defined according to a given expertise domain (functionality, assembly, manufacturing, etc.) which is examined with respect to two inter-related subtasks: knowledge processing and data processing. Knowledge processing manipulates the knowledge model which represents an expert's point of view on the domain. Four things determine the knowledge model: a typology of combinable elements, a typology of possible relations between elements, an expert rule base for the creation of problem models (translation of problem data in elements and relations), and a set of criteria to evaluate the quality of solutions. Data processing manipulates the computational model which represents the computing point of view of the domain. We use the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) model as the computational model. The relationship between subtasks is done according to the manner in which the knowledge model is translated in to the computational model. The proposed model of the CAD process allows an adaptive man-machine task sharing by allocating the user interaction to the knowledge model while the computer interacts with the computational model. An example from the assembly planning domain illustrates the model. Once the different CAD activities are determined, they can be combined to form a CAD process. The activities are coordinated by exchanging partial solutions (which can be done during knowledge processing and/or data processing), rules and evaluation criteria (during knowledge processing). Such kinds of CAD processes can also be used to define recursively the CAD activity of higher levels of abstraction.
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Jiang, Ke Rong, and Min Liang Feng. "Seamless Integration of CAM/CNC Based on STEP-NC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.524.
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Integration of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) have been extensively studied by the people both in academia and industry during the last few decades. Because of fluency of information flow achieved by taking the same data model, advantages brought from integration of CAD and CAM are obvious, such as cost savings and improved efficiency. However, another impediment about information flow still exists between CAM and Computerized Numerical Control (CNC). The data model used in the planning department is quite different to the G codes (ISO 6983) used on the shopfloor. This means that the translation of the data format is inescapable, moreover, any information added or modified by the operator on the shopfloor cannot be fed back to the planning department. a two-directional interface between CAM and CNC. Integration of CAM and CNC based on STEP-NC can be realized seamlessly.
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Muncut, Elena-Stela, Lavinia-Ioana Culda, Geza-Mihai Erdodi, and Gheorghe Sima. "The welding program optimization of a S355 steel assembly used in agricultural machinery." MATEC Web of Conferences 290 (2019): 08014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929008014.
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The paper will include the realization of a weld joint line with an ABB robot. The manufacturing area contains a welding device and a robot. For the robotic welding, the methods and a complete welding program will be presented. The first stage is the design of the device that can be used for manufacturing a range of comparable size pieces with similar gripping capability. There are described the axes and the way of movement, the presentation of the speeds for the rotating joints and roto-translation. CAD design of the workpiece including WPS (welding technology that contains the shape of each joint and welding parameters: welding current, electric arc voltage, welding speed and secondary parameters). The base material, the addition material, protective gases and a list of parts from the robot that require periodic changes will be presented. It is presented the CAD design of the workpiece including WPS.
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Bruno, Giovanni, Alberto De Stefani, Edoardo Conte, Manila Caragiuli, Marco Mandolini, Daniele Landi, and Antonio Gracco. "A Procedure for Analyzing Mandible Roto-Translation Induced by Mandibular Advancement Devices." Materials 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081826.
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Background: Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders are characterized by repeated episodes of complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. Mandibular advancement devices represent a non-invasive treatment in reducing the number of respiratory events and in decreasing symptoms. The advancement extent of these devices is responsible for the mandibular roto-translation and its effects on the temporomandibular joint. Methods: This study defined a systematic method to assess the mandible roto translation that is caused by MADs according to a scan-to-CAD approach. Starting from a closed mouth position and simulating the oral appliance at different settings it was possible to define a local reference system that is useful for the evaluation of the mandibular roto-translation. This latter was then applied to evaluate the movements of the condyle and the mandibular dental arch. Results: MAD1 resulted in a reduced mouth opening and protrusion, while MAD2 enabled a higher degree of motion of the mandible useful for patients who need an important protrusion. Conclusions: The two devices present different dynamics. Results that are achievable employing this method can be directly used by practitioners in comparing MADs, as well as by researchers in evaluating MADs effects.
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Perrella, Michele, Pasquale Franciosa, and Salvatore Gerbino. "FEM and BEM Stress Analysis of Mandibular Bone Surrounding a Dental Implant." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (May 15, 2015): 282–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01509010282.
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In the present work the structural behaviour of a mandible with a dental implant, considering a unilateral occlusion, is numerically analysed by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Boundary Element Method (BEM). The mandible, whose CAD model was obtained by computer tomography scans, is considered as completely edentulous and only modelled in the zone surrounding the implant. The material behaviour of bone is assumed as isotropic linear elastic or, alternatively, as orthotropic linear elastic. With reference to the degree of osteo-integration between the implant and the mandibular bone, a partial osteo-integration is considered; consequently a nonlinear contact analysis is performed, with allowance for friction at the interface between implant and bone. A model of a commercial dental implant is digitised by means of optical 3D scanning process and fully reconstructed in all its geometrical features. Special attention is drawn to the mathematical reconstruction of the CAD model in order to facilitate the meshing process in the BEM environment and reduce the geometrical imperfections generated during the CAD to CAE translation process. The results of FEM and BEM analyses in terms of stress distribution on the mandible are compared in order to benchmark the two methodologies against accuracy and pre-processing efforts.
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Abidi, Mustufa Haider, Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari, and Ali Ahmad. "A systematic approach to parameter selection for CAD-virtual reality data translation using response surface methodology and MOGA-II." PLOS ONE 13, no. 5 (May 23, 2018): e0197673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197673.
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Sutton, Andrew, John Lamont, R. Evans, Kate Williamson, Declan O'Rourke, Brian Duggan, Gurdeep Sagoo, Cherith Reid, and Mark Ruddock. "OP68 Value-Engineered Translation: An Example for Bladder Cancer Diagnosis." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319001272.
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IntroductionThe Institute of Health Economics offers a suite of analyses that provide developers an understanding of the expected commercial viability of an early stage health technology. In combination, these analyses form the Value-Engineered Translation framework. These methods incorporate innovative methods to manage uncertainty in early economic evaluations, in particular, moving beyond current stochastic assessments of headroom to account for inter-market variability in value hurdles, as well as incorporating social value premia considerations. An illustration of these methods is demonstrated using the example of a non-invasive diagnostic test (called DCRSHP) at an early stage of development, compared to current practice of cystoscopy in the diagnosis of bladder cancer.MethodsCompeting technologies were identified to inform the headroom assessment based on price and effectiveness. Then, a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken incorporating headroom analysis, stochastic one-way sensitivity analysis, and value of information analysis using data from secondary sources.ResultsCurrently there are a number of non-invasive tests available, but none have sufficient test accuracy to be suitable for bladder cancer diagnosis alone. From the headroom analysis, DCRSHP can be priced at up to CAD 790 (i.e. USD 588) and still be cost-effective compared to the current practice of cystoscopy. Interestingly this price can be increased for patient groups that have lower levels of bladder cancer prevalence.ConclusionsThe requirements of economic evaluations depend on the stage of technology development, and analysis approaches must reflect this. The results here indicate that DCRSHP clears the value hurdle in terms of being cost-effective, and thus provides the opportunity to make a commercial return on future investment. Future analysis of DCRSHP could consider the cost drivers for development of the technology, including the regulatory pathways, costs associated with the intellectual asset management for the technology, and alternative manufacturing costs. All of which contribute to the research-to-practice continuum.
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Kuzovkin, A. V., A. P. Suvorov, D. Y. Krokhin, and V. V. Kuts. "Development of the Technology for Manufacturing a Combination EDM Electrode by Rapid Prototyping." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 24, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2020-24-1-52-67.
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Purpose of research is to develop a methodology that allows designing EDM electrodes applying advanced computer-aided design (CAD) systems by forming the tool’s working surface with geometry which is inverse equidistant to the geometry of a given workpiece taking into account the EDM gap, working translation or translation-rotational motion of EDM electrodes, the value of the layer of conductive coating based on the technological parameters of the processing procedure. It is also necessary to propose, implement and formulate technological guidelines for manufacturing EDM electrodes from dielectric materials by additive techniques with the subsequent formation of a conductive layer on them; the value of the layer should ensure the flow of working electrical processes in the EDM gap and the necessary tool life. This will make it possible to expand the scope of application of combination EDM electrodes as applied to combined processing techniques which are characterized by a wide variety of working surface shapes, which correspond to the geometry of the workpiece, which is not limited by the degree of curvature, has by far lower cost and high processability when creating a special tool for pilot and single manufacturing.Methods. When carrying out the work, theory of the classical laws of mechanical engineering technology, electrical processing techniques, the known laws of rapid prototyping and additive technologies were used.Results. The theoretical foundations and the technology for manufacturing combination EDM electrodes by rapid prototyping have been developed and a methodology for calculating and designing the working part of EDM electrodes has been proposed taking into account the geometric parameters of the machined surface and a variable EDM gap value.Conclusion. The mechanism of EDM electrode design by means of digital prototyping in modern CAD systems is justified taking into account the features of the workpiece geometry, EDM gap and metallization material.
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Zhu, Li Min, Chun Guo Liu, Shao Hui Wang, and Ming Zhe Li. "A Matching Algorithm and Error Analysis on the Basis of Triangle Mesh." Advanced Materials Research 230-232 (May 2011): 968–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.968.
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In reverse engineering, in order to analyze the accuracy of formed work-piece, the shape error between the formed work-piece and its CAD model need to be calculated. In this paper, a matching method on the basis of triangle mesh is proposed. This matching method includes three parts: pre-positioning, rough registration and fine registration. Firstly, the maximum projective plane of cloud data is designed to parallel to the xy plane through translation and rotation, and cloud data is translated by a vector which can be obtained with the point with the maximum z coordinate and the origin of coordinates. Secondly, cloud data is gradually rotated 360 degree around z axis confirm the angle making the error minimum. In this way, an initial value of ICP algorithm can be obtained, which can avoid the local convergence in the algorithm. Finally, ICP algorithm can be applied to calculate the surface error further. After matching, the error between work-piece and the CAD model can be calculated by interpolation based on triangle mesh. The results show that the matching method can obtain the higher matching accuracy.
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Bronze-da-Rocha, Elsa. "MicroRNAs Expression Profiles in Cardiovascular Diseases." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/985408.
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The current search for new markers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is explained by the high morbidity and mortality still observed in developed and developing countries due to cardiovascular events. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have emerged as potential new biomarkers and are small sequences of RNAs that regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level by inhibiting translation or inducing degradation of the target mRNAs. Circulating miRNAs are involved in the regulation of signaling pathways associated to aging and can be used as novel diagnostic markers for acute and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular pathologies. This review summarizes the biogenesis, maturation, and stability of miRNAs and their use as potential biomarkers for coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure (HF).
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Myler, Harley R., Avelino J. Gonzalez, and Massood Towhidnejad. "Constraint mechanisms for knowledge acquisition from computer-aided design data." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 7, no. 3 (August 1993): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400000871.
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A number of automated reasoning systems find their basis in process control engineering. These programs are often model-based and use individual frames to represent component functionality. This representation scheme allows the process system to be dynamically monitored and controlled as the reasoning system need only simulate the behavior of the modeled system while comparing its behavior to real-time data. The knowledge acquisition task required for the construction of knowledge bases for these systems is formidable because of the necessity of accurately modeling hundreds of physical devices. We discuss a novel approach to the capture of this component knowledge entitled automated knowledge generation (AKG) that utilizes constraint mechanisms predicated on physical behavior of devices for the propagation of truth through the component model base. A basic objective has been to construct a complete knowledge base for a model-based reasoning system from information that resides in computer-aided design (CAD) databases. If CAD has been used in the design of a process control system, then structural information relating the components will be available and can be utilized for the knowledge acquisition function. Relaxation labeling is the constraint-satisfaction method used to resolve the functionality of the network of components. It is shown that the relaxation algorithm used is superior to simple translation schemes.
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Kumta, Samir, Monica Kumta, Leena Jain, Shrirang Purohit, and Rani Ummul. "A novel 3D template for mandible and maxilla reconstruction: Rapid prototyping using stereolithography." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 48, no. 03 (September 2015): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0358.173123.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Replication of the exact three-dimensional (3D) structure of the maxilla and mandible is now a priority whilst attempting reconstruction of these bones to attain a complete functional and aesthetic rehabilitation. We hereby present the process of rapid prototyping using stereolithography to produce templates for modelling bone grafts and implants for maxilla/mandible reconstructions, its applications in tumour/trauma, and outcomes for primary and secondary reconstruction. Materials and Methods: Stereolithographic template-assisted reconstruction was used on 11 patients for the reconstruction of the mandible/maxilla primarily following tumour excision and secondarily for the realignment of post-traumatic malunited fractures or deformity corrections. Data obtained from the computed tomography (CT) scans with 1-mm resolution were converted into a computer-aided design (CAD) using the CT Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data. Once a CAD model was constructed, it was converted into a stereolithographic format and then processed by the rapid prototyping technology to produce the physical anatomical model using a resin. This resin model replicates the native mandible, which can be thus used off table as a guide for modelling the bone grafts. Discussion: This conversion of two-dimensional (2D) data from CT scan into 3D models is a very precise guide to shaping the bone grafts. Further, this CAD can reconstruct the defective half of the mandible using the mirror image principle, and the normal anatomical model can be created to aid secondary reconstructions. Conclusion: This novel approach allows a precise translation of the treatment plan directly to the surgical field. It is also an important teaching tool for implant moulding and fixation, and helps in patient counselling.
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Yin, Xuyue, Xiumin Fan, Xu Yang, Shiguang Qiu, and Zhinan Zhang. "An Automatic Marker–Object Offset Calibration Method for Precise 3D Augmented Reality Registration in Industrial Applications." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 22, 2019): 4464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204464.
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Industrial augmented reality (AR) applications demand high on the visual consistency of virtual-real registration. To present, the marker-based registration method is most popular because it is fast, robust, and convenient to obtain the registration matrix. In practice, the registration matrix should multiply an offset matrix that describes the transformation between the attaching position and the initial position of the marker relative to the object. However, the offset matrix is usually measured, calculated, and set manually, which is not accurate and convenient. This paper proposes an accurate and automatic marker–object offset matrix calibration method. First, the normal direction of the target object is obtained by searching and matching the top surface of the CAD model. Then, the spatial translation is estimated by aligning the projected and the imaged top surface. Finally, all six parameters of the offset matrix are iteratively optimized using a 3D image alignment framework. Experiments were performed on the publicity monocular rigid 3D tracking dataset and an automobile gearbox. The average translation and rotation errors of the optimized offset matrix are 2.10 mm and 1.56 degree respectively. The results validate that the proposed method is accurate and automatic, which contributes to a universal offset matrix calibration tool for marker-based industrial AR applications.
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Barbarash, O. L., and V. V. Kashtalap. "Management of ischemic risk events in patients with multifocal atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus." Atherothrombosis, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2307-1109-2020-1-34-44.
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The review article presents current positions about prevalence of multifocal atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Existing approaches to the assessment and management of high risk of ischemic events in such patients are identified. Based on the results of clinical trials, the main positions have been identified on risk prevention of cardiovascular complications in patients with combination of multifocal atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results of the COMPASS study on the use of a combination of rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice a day and a low dose of acetylsalicylic acid in patients with CAD and/or multifocal atherosclerosis are presented, which is accompanied by a significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events. This approach demonstrated a increase in the risk of massive bleedings, but mainly in the first year of treatment and without significant subsequent increase. At the same time, in the group of combination therapy rivaroxaban and acetylsalicylic acid there was no increase in the frequency of the most severe bleeding - fatal, intracranial and into the critical organs, compared to the group of monotherapy of acetylsalicylic acid. These two facts show a perfectly acceptable level of hemorrhagic risk for translation into real clinical practice. Hemorrhagic risk management capabilities were considered in a CoMPASS study by prescribing proton pump inhibitors to patients. The data on the COMPASS sub-analysis on evaluation of effectiveness and safety of combined antithrombotic therapy in patients with CAD and/or multifocal atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are presented. They showed the possibility of usage such approach in patient management in routine clinical practice. Patients with very high risk of ischemic events: ischemic heart disease and multifocal atherosclerosis, as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly need to improve approaches to antithrombotic therapy.
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Zhu, Xijia, Xishun Luo, Shiyu Jiang, and Haipeng Wang. "Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1 Targeting COL1A1 and COL1A2 to Regulate the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Process of Colon Cancer SW620 Cells." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 1366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17362.
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Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important factor in promoting the metastasis of colon cancer, which leads to clinical incurability. It has been found that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are closely related to EMT and the prognoses of most malignant tumors, including colon cancer tumors. However, the effects and mechanisms of BMP1 on the EMT of colon cancer are not yet clear. To explore the effects and mechanisms of BMP1 on the EMT of colon cancer, a BMP1 overexpression plasmid vector was used to interfere with SW620 cells and real-time fluorescence quantitative RNA and western blotting were used to detect the effects of BMP1 on the transcription and translation of COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes, as well as EMT-related genes, including beta-catenin, vimentin, and E-cadherin (E-Cad) genes in SW620 cells. MTT assay and Transwell techniques were used to detect the effects of BMP1 on the proliferation and migration of SW620 cells. The results demonstrate that BMP1 expression in SW620 cells is significantly lower than that in HCoEpiC cells, which promotes the expression of COL1A1 and COL1A2. Additionally, the expression of genes related to EMT, including beta-catenin and vimentin, increased, whereas E-Cad expression decreased. This difference was significant, which led to an increase in cell viability and the number of migrating cells in SW620 cells. Based on the overexpression of BMP1, the expression of COL1A1 and COL1A2 in SW620 was inhibited, which inhibited the process of EMT. Specifically, vimentin expression decreased, and E-Cad and beta-catenin expression increased. Additionally, SW620 cell viability decreased and migration ability decreased. Therefore, it can be concluded that the absence of BMP1 promotes the expression of COL1A and COL1A2 in colon cancer and promotes the process of EMT. Increasing the expression of BMP1 can inhibit the process of EMT in colon cancer, thereby inhibiting the migration of tumors.
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Aalhasan, Ali Joodi Jasim, Tang XiaoQi, and Song Bao. "Collision Detection and Trajectory Planning for Palletizing Robots Based OBB." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v1.i1.pp109-118.
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This paper proposes an algorithm for Collision detection between two convex polyhedra (Boxes). It is assumed that the Palletizing robot’s end effector grasped the Box in accurate incremental method, by compare the distances between objects in same space . The detections proposed by ignorance of time consumption, and make comparisons between performances of theories discussed this problem, like Axes Aligned Bounded Boxes (AABB) and Sphere theories. Oriented Bounded Boxes (OBB) theory is chosen because unspecified orientation of objects which meets the requirements for detecting collisions with accuracy and handling transformations. Transformation assumptions are based on Z-Y-Z Euler’s angles representation. The key factor for detecting collision between two OBB convex polyhedra is the Separating Axes Theorem (SAT). The trajectory algorithm presents incremental distance computation by implementing translation and spherical trajectory. The checking and simulations in C++ language and Auto CAD software, attests that implementations in both show accuracy results.
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Worthington, Martin. "Of Sumerian Songs and Spells." Altorientalische Forschungen 46, no. 2 (November 6, 2019): 270–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0018.
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Abstract The paper explores the uses of the Sumerian expression ser3-ku3, with a view to clarifying its sense.The paper arises from my study of Babylonian šerkugû, which I argue to have the meaning ‘incantation’ (see fn. 16). This is a loan from Sumerian *ser3-ku3-ga. The form with -ga (arising from the addition of the ‘adjectival a’ to ku3.g ‘holy, pure’) is not currently attested in Sumerian. (I thank Pascal Attinger, pers. comm., for the observation that apparent attestations of ser3-ku3-ga, e.g. in Martu A 58, are in fact locatives in -a). It does however occur in spellings of Babylonian šerkugû (CAD Š/2, 316b). It argues that there are two main uses, ‘incantation’ and ‘hymn’, probably correlating respectively with one-word (‘univerbated’) and two-word incarnations of the expression. This hypothesis finds support in the phrase’s loan and translation into Babylonian.
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Gomez, Juan Pablo, Fabio Marcelo Peña, Valentina Martínez, Diana C. Giraldo, and Carlos Iván Cardona. "Initial force systems during bodily tooth movement with plastic aligners and composite attachments: A three-dimensional finite element analysis." Angle Orthodontist 85, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/050714-330.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To describe, using a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model, the initial force system generated during bodily movement of upper canines with plastic aligners with and without composite attachments. Materials and Methods: A CAD model of an upper right canine, its alveolar bone and periodontal ligament, thermoformed plastic aligner, and two light-cured composite attachments were constructed. A FE model was used to analyze the effects of imposing a distal movement condition of 0.15 mm on the aligner (simulating the mechanics used to produce a distal bodily movement) with and without composite attachments. Results: In terms of tension and compression stress distribution, without composite attachments a compression area in the cervical third of the distal root surface and a tension area in the apical third of the mesial surface were observed. With composite attachments, uniform compression areas in the distal root surface and uniform tension area in the mesial root surface were observed. Compression areas in the active surfaces of the composite attachments were also observed. In terms of movement patterns, an uncontrolled distal inclination, with rotation axis between the middle and cervical root thirds, was observed without composite attachment. Distal bodily movement (translation) was observed with composite attachment. Conclusions: In a three-dimensional FE analysis of a plastic aligner system biomechanically supplementary composite attachments generate the force system required to produce bodily tooth movement; the absence of biomechanically supplementary composite attachments favors the undesired inclination of the tooth during the translation movements.