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Wan, Hussin Wan Muhd Aminuddin. "An analysis of the Malaysian Survey Department's cadastral backlog with proposals for its minimisation." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328247.
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Schmidt, Mimmi. "Land Disjunctions; A historical survey." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147648.
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Parcelling was a land divison institution that was used intensively in Sweden during the years 1827-1928. The parcelling consisted of one person selling a certain, decided piece of land to another. The deal was sealed with a simple contract. Whilst the seller was a member of the villages commonities and his land was assigned a quantity in the village, and he was bound to pay tax responding to that quantity, the sold parcel was not. In order not to reduce the land owners taxability, the buyer was therefore required to pay an annual fee to the seller. This fee was to be approved by the county administration, and the buyer also had to apply for Title Deed to have the transfer approved. These approvals were for a long time the only points of control toward parcelling. Involvement of a land surveyor was not a required part of the parcelling process until year 1918. Parcelling was terminated in 1928, but the parcels created before then are independent real estate units just like any other. This means that they sometimes are affected by land regulations and surveys just like any other real estate. When investigating the contents of these parcels the contract, past claims and other factors shall be used, to search out the initial purpose of the transfer. The contract that seller and buyer signed is the main source of evidence. Unfortunately, the contracts do not always answer the questions that may arise over time. Maps were not always made, and even when they were, they might have disappeared over time or simply be unspecific. What then remains are past claims and other circumstances to provide clues about what the purpose may once have been. The questions that arise when a parcel is to be investigated often concern its borders, wether water was included, fishing rights as well as other rights and commonities. The issue of water for these parcels has been particularly contentious. Legal practice has concluded that there are no presumptions, although such have been suggested and sometimes applied. There are however a number of scenarios where water and fishing in principle can be considered to have been part of the transfer.Denna rapport redovisar ett examensarbete som syftat till att genom en litteraturstudie kart-lägga ett äldre jorddelningsinstitut, jordavsöndring. Jordavsöndring var ett jorddelningsinstitut, som fanns i svensk lagstiftning åren 1827-1928. Innan dess förekom också jorddelning som liknade jordavsöndring, men det var i allmänhet förbjudet att dela jord eftersom staten var beroende av skatteintäkter från jordägarna. Jordavsöndring gick, något generaliserat, till så att en person genom ett avtal sålde ett bestämt markområde till en annan. Med detta markområde – avsöndringslägenheten, jordavsöndring-en, avsöndringslotten – följde inte något mantal i byn och heller ingen skattskyldighet. För att inte minska skattekraften i stamfastigheten var köparen skyldig att betala en årlig avgift till säljaren. Den här avgiften skulle godkännas av länsstyrelsen, och köparen skulle söka lagfart för att få överlåtelsen godkänd. Dessa godkännanden var länge den enda kontrollen som gjordes vid avsöndring. Lantmätares inblandning blev inte en nödvändig del i avsöndringsprocessen för-rän år 1918. Jordavsöndringsinstitutet togs bort 1928, men fastigheter som avsöndrats innan dess är själv-ständiga fastigheter som alla andra. Det innebär att de blir berörda av lantmäteriförrättningar precis som alla andra fastigheter ibland blir. Vid bestämning av gränser till en avsöndrad fastighet ska överlåtelsehandlingar, innehav, och andra omständigheter användas för att söka syftet med avsöndringen. Det avtal som säljare och köpare tecknade är den viktigaste beviskällan när man ska utreda vad som ingår i en av-söndrad fastighet. Tyvärr erbjuder avtalen inte alltid svar på de frågor som kan uppstå med tiden. Kartor har inte alltid upprättats, och även när de har upprättats så är de inte alltid till hjälp. Kvar står sedan innehav och andra omständigheter att ge ledtrådar om vad syftet en gång kan ha varit. De frågetecken som uppstår när en avsöndring ska utredas rör ofta gränser, vattenområden och rätt till fiske samt rättigheter och samfälligheter. Frågan om vattenområdens tillhörighet för avsöndringar har varit särskilt omtvistad. Praxis har utvecklats till att det inte finns någon presumtionsregel, även om det har varit på förslag och i perioder har tillämpats. Det finns ett antal typfall där vatten och fiske principiellt kan anses ha ingått vid avsöndring.
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Verikas, Šarūnas. "Kadastrinių matavimų metu nustatyti žemės naudojimo pokyčiai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090114_155256-38762.
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Kadastriniai matavimai - tai žmonių nuosavybės ir teisingumo garantas ateičiai. Tik apytikslių matavimų buvimas (juosta ar "sieksniu"), kvalifikuotų darbuotojų trūkumas bei skubota žemės reforma šiandien kelia nemažai problemų, susijusių su žemės sklypo ribų bei ploto tikslumu. Atlikus kadastrinius matavimus ir parengus juridinius dokumentus, žemės savininkui garantuojama, kad jo žemės sklypo ribos, plotas bei naudmenų sudėtis yra tikslūs ir suteikia visas teises į nuosavybę Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymų numatyta tvarka. Atliekant pakartotinius matavimus, nustatomi palyginti dideli žemės plotų ir kadastro duomenų pokyčiai. Vidutinis nuokrypis 75 % analizuotų žemės sklypų neviršija leistinosios paklaidos ir lygus 0,06 %. Likusioje 25 % žemės sklypų vidutinis nuokrypis yra 18,65 % ir dėl to būtina tikslinti pradinius duomenis, kurių pagrindu suformuoti arba įteisinti nuosavybėn žemės sklypai.The cadastral survey is the guarantee of ownership and justice to people for long future. The confidence to approximate survey (tape or “sagene”), the lack of skilled workers and hasty land reform today make a lot of problems, which are connected with precision of land plot boundaries and area. The landowner has a guarantee that his land plot boundaries, area and structure of lands are precise only after making cadastral surveys and preparing juridical documents. According to the law of Lithuania, cadastral surveys and juridical documents give ownership rights to property. While doing repeated surveys, enough big changes of land areas and cadastral data are observed. The average divergence does not exceed permissible error in the 75 % of analysed land plots and it makes 0.06 %. The primary data, on which base land plots were formed and legalized to ownership, should be specified to other 25 % land plots, which have 18.65 % error.
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Ondrůšková, Hana. "Ověření kvality katastrální mapy v katastrálním území Křtěnov u Olešnice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390187.
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The master thesis focuses on checking the quality of a digitalised cadastral map in the cadastral district Křtěnov u Olešnice, which lays in Blansko district in South Moravian Region. Determined noticeable boundaries are compare with boundaries displayed in the cadastral map by several methods - graphically, in coordinates and on the basis of side measures. Historical maps and records of detailed measurement of changes were used to achieve the aim of the master thesis. It was completed by using VKM programme.
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Žižlavská, Tereza. "Ověření kvality katastrální mapy v katastrálním území Křtěnov u Olešnice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390229.
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This thesis deals with the verification of quality of the cadastral map in digital form in the cadastral unit Křtěnov u Olešnice. The map was created after a renewal of the cadastre documentation by reprocessing in 2012. In the terrain there were measured as many detailed points as possible. These points were compared with the points in the cadastral map. Then the parcels with differences between the cadastral map and the actual state in the terrain were solved. The software VKM was used for processing.
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Votoupal, Martin. "Vytyčení části katastrální hranice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226470.
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This master thesis deals with identifying cadastral boundary between cadastral areas Holštejn and Lipovec u Blanska. The first part deals with the fundamental theoretical data that are required to create this thesis. In the second part there are analyzed the procedures and actions at various stages of formation of the thesis. The main output of this thesis will be the survey sketch for the geometric determination of cadastre unit. After consultation with employee of cadastral workplace, setting – out of the cadastral boundary will not be realized.
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Oliveira, Samuel Almeida Santos de. "Comparação entre perfis altimétricos de cartas do IGC e IBGE com instrumentos de precisão na Fazenda Experimental Lageado - Botucatu - SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153752.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A atividade agrícola tem importância significativa na economia, justificando diversas pesquisas que busquem a aquisição de informações e desenvolvimento de tecnologias para que os processos envolvidos sejam mais eficientes. A topografia, geodésia e geoprocessamento têm sido utilizados de forma crescente e de diversas formas, tanto para monitoramento, quanto para planejamento na gestão agronômica e dos recursos naturais. O presente trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, em Botucatu-SP e teve por objetivo aferir cartas do IGC e IBGE em comparação com equipamentos de alta precisão, nas quais foram confeccionadas linhas de perfis altimétricos e interpolação dos valores de altimetria. A geoestatística foi utilizada para uma interpolação com predição de erros, na qual os semi-variogramas e a validação cruzada permitiram analisar a correlação espacial e variância dos dados estimados. Como resultados foram obtidos mapas de altimetria, declividade e respectivos residuais altimétricos absolutos para a mensuração da confiabilidade de cartas na classificação de relevo, como também, o uso de cartas para traçado de limites de confrontações naturais, como linhas de cumeada e grota. Pôde-se concluir que não é confiável utilizar as cartas para determinação de limites de confrontação natural como linhas de cumeadas e grotas para certificação de cadastro de registro de imóveis.
The agriculture has a significant importance in economy, demanding several researches that allow information acquisition and technology development aiming an enhancing of the processes involved. Land surveying, geodetic sciences and geoprocessing have been more applied, and in different ways for land monitoring, soil and nature resources management. The present essay was developed on the Experimental Farm Fazenda Experimental Lageado Botucatu – SP, Brazil and aimed an altimetry analysis of IGC and IBGE contour maps with accurate instruments as parameters, in which altimetry profile lines and interpolation of the altitude values were made. The kriging process was used, likewise the semi variogram model, and further the cross validation was made to achieve a known function for the altimetry value’s estimation, spatial correlation and value of variance. Digital elevation models, slope maps and the respective absolute altimetry residuals were made to measure the reliability of the IGC and IBGE contour maps as well as its usefulness for obtaining land topography and natural boundary from gardenbed or flume. It was concluded that the IGC and IBGE contour maps are not reliable for obtaining natural boundary from gardenbed or flume for certification of land registry in Brazil, although IGC contour maps were fine enough for morphometric analysis of small basins. IBGE contour maps as last option could be used for bigger basins analysis.
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Svobodová, Veronika. "Obnova katastrálního operátu v katastrálním území Lomnice u Tišnova." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226583.
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This diploma thesis describes the procedure of renewal of the cadastre documentation by remaking original maps. Redesigned location is Lomnice u Tišnova, more precisely its urban area. For this area is still valid map in the scale of 1:2880. Digitalization of analogue maps is one of the most important tasks in the cadastre department. On the basis of these facts, this diploma thesis was created in this cadastre territory and the official renewal of these territory maps has been set on the 2015. The external area of the territory is already a digital cadastre map. Renewal of the cadastre documentation was guided by the cadastre documentation renewal guide with the latest changes. The result of this diploma thesis is a project of digital form of the cadastre map, created in MicroGEOS Nautil software.
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Tolášová, Pavlína. "Obnova katastrálního operátu v katastrálním území Lomnice u Tišnova." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226757.
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The master’s thesis deals with renewal of the cadastre documentation by revision of analogue map in the map scale 1:2 880 in cadastral unit Lomnice u Tišnova. The area of interest is built-up area because rural area was revised by complex land consolidation. The analogue map is revised to digital map based on the Instruction for renewal of the cadastre documentation and the conversion as amended. The result of this master’s thesis is a design of the digital form of the cadastral map created in MicroGEOS Nautil and comparison of the parcel area shown on owner's folio with the parcel area determined from the graphical file.
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Lövgren, Therese, and Maria Stattin. "Onyttiga servitut i Fastighetsregistret : En studie om dagens hantering och förslag på framtida lagstiftning." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14880.
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Servitut som inte uppfyller något ändamål eller inte använts under väldigt lång tid kallas onyttiga servitut. Ett onyttigt servitut försvinner inte automatiskt från Fastighetsregistret utan kvarstår och skapar en onödig belastning. Syftet med examensarbetet är att utreda hur hanteringen av servitut kan förbättras för att minska antalet onyttiga servitut i Fastighetsregistret. De metoder som används är en litteraturstudie och en intervjustudie. I litteraturstudien undersöks svensk lagstiftning och juridisk litteratur. Utdrag ur Fastighetsregistret och förrättningsakt visas för att ge praktiska exempel. I intervjustudien intervjuas en jurist och tre förrättningslantmätare. Litteraturstudien visar att Fastighetsregistret belastas av många onyttiga servitut. Det rör sig främst om kraftledningsservitut, villaservitut och servitut för skogsfång och mulbete. Förrättningslantmätarnas arbete påverkas av dessa då de fördröjer och fördyrar förrättningar. Olika förslag har lagts fram för att förbättra hanteringen och minska uppkomsten av onyttiga servitut. I februari 2013 överlämnade regeringen en proposition till riksdagen. Propositionen innebär flera olika lagförändringar som tillsammans syftar till att minska antalet onyttiga servitut i Fastighetsregistret. I intervjustudien framkommer att onyttiga servitut påverkar lantmätarnas arbete negativt. Förrättningar fördröjs och fördyras. Intervjudeltagarna tror att lagen om preklusion kommer ge störst effekt. Samtidigt finns en oro för ökad rättsförlust då servitut som inte är inskrivna kan förfalla vid överlåtelse. Denna studie visar att det finns ett stort behov av nya möjligheter att hantera onyttiga servitut. Det är viktigt att Fastighetsregistret är pålitligt då myndigheter, företag och privatpersoner använder uppgifter därifrån. Färre onyttiga servitut i Fastighetsregistret skulle minska lantmätarnas utredningstid och därmed ge lägre förrättningskostnader för sakägarna.Easements that no longer fulfill a purpose or have not been used for a very long period of time are called useless easements. Useless easement are not automatically removed from the Real Property Register, they remain and creates an unnecessary load. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how to improve the handling of easements in order to reduce the number of useless easements in the Real Property Register. The methods used are literature study and interview study. The literature study investigates Swedish law text and legal literature. Extracts from the Real Property Register and cadastral dossier are presented to give practical examples. Three cadastral surveyors and one lawyer were interviewed in the study. The literature study shows that the Real Property Register contains a large number of useless easements. It mainly concerns power line easements, villa easements and easements for clearing forest. Useless easements cause delays and higher cadastral procedure costs. During the last couple of years various propositions have been presented to improve the handling of easements and decrease the number of useless easements. In February 2013 the Swedish Government presented a proposal of change of legislations to the parliament. The proposal presents a variety of changes which together aim to reduce the number of useless easements in the Real Property Register. The interview study shows that useless easements affect surveyors work in a negative way and generate higher costs for interested parties. Interview participants thinks that the proposed law to remove not renewed easements from the register will give the best effect to decrease the number of useless easements in the Real Property. At the same time they fear an increased legal loss. This study shows that there is a large need of new ways of handling useless easements. A reliable Real Property Register is very important for the users. A more reliable register would help the cadastral surveyors work and lead to lower costs for the interested parties.
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Bernal, Regina Tomie Ivata. "Linhas telefônicas residenciais: uso em inquéritos epidemiológicos no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-07032007-092601/.
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Objetivos: Estudar as possibilidades de uso de cadastros de linhas telefônicas residenciais para implementação de inquéritos por amostragem. Descrever presença de vícios potenciais, associados às taxas de coberturas de LTR, nas principais variáveis que usualmente compõem o núcleo de informações de inquéritos epidemiológicos. Métodos: Com base nos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) no período de 1998 a 2003, exceto 2000, foram estimadas por intervalo de confiança de 95%, as médias e proporções. Nas análises dos dados considerou-se o plano de amostragem complexa. Resultados: No Brasil, houve um crescimento de 50% dos domicílios atendidos por LTR, no período. No entanto, essa evolução não ocorreu de forma uniforme no Brasil. Foram identificados diferentes perfis de usuários de LTR, sendo as principais características relacionadas com a escolaridade, a raça, a posse de um plano de saúde e a localização geográfica. Nas regiões com baixa cobertura de LTR podem ocorrer vícios nas estimativas de prevalências de doenças crônicas. Conclusão: O uso das linhas telefônicas residencias para a realização das entrevistas em inquéritos epidemiológicos mostrou-se viável para as unidades de federação com taxas de cobertura de LTR acima de 70%.Objectives: To study the possibilities to use sampling frame of telephone interview the implementation of survey sampling. To describe the presence of potential biases associated to with coverage rates of telephone surveys in the main variables that usually compose the information core of epidemiological investigations. Methods: From database of the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) in the period between 1998 and 2003, except for 2000, the averages and proportions were estimated by a 95% confidence interval. In the statistics analysis , the complex sampling plan was considered. Results: In Brazil, it has been there was a 50% increase in the households served by telephone, during the studied period. However, this evolution did not occur in a uniform way. Different profiles of telephone users were identified, and the main characteristics were related to education, race, the health plans and the geographic location. The regions with low telephone coverage may introduce bias on the estimates of prevalence of chronic diseases. Conclusion: The use of telephone survey for the conduction of interviews during epidemiologic investigations could be suitable to be feasible for the federal units with coverage rates above 70%.
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Fernström, Åsa, and Maria Bergström. "Godtagbara ändamål vid fastighetsbildningenligt 3:1 FBL : - en studie om ”udda” ändamål." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17497.
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The main objective with this study was to investigate so called odd purposes acceptable when registrating property along with how social development affects these purposes, furthermore to investigate how the cadastral surveyors estimates a foreseeable time. Tradition and praxis is used for several obvious purposes such as housing, farming, forests, offices and industry. Praxis is yet to be defined regarding more unique purposes. There is no mention in the law about which purposes are found acceptable to assure the demands on suitability are met. Cadastral authorities are responsible for making sure the division into property units is uniform and rule of law-accordingly. This study illustrates the issue of how the cadastral operation applies the rules to support a uniform application of the rule. A legal method, a survey analysis, an interview analysis and a case study were methods used in the study to answer the purpose and research questions. The legal method was used to learn more about the legal position. The survey was performed in order to gather data and information about which purposes previously have been regarded as odd by the cadastral surveyors. To obtain an understanding about and background to the selected odd purposes, an interview study was conducted with the cadastral surveyors. The intent of the case study was to form a base and insight in how the odd purposes are valued. The result of the legal method showed proof of how to interpret the prerequisite in the law. The survey provided information about which odd purposes are used in dividing of property. The interview study was based on the results from the survey and the information gathered from it. Answers regarding the background to the cadastral procedures were given, as well as the concept purpose, its origin and the evaluation of the time concept foreseeable time. The case study provided a background to the decision making and history about the debate as well as how purpose has been a question when making assessments. The most important conclusion made was that the prerequisite, intended function, current circumstances and requirements determine an acceptable purpose. The same factors determine the assessment of foreseeable time and as a result the concept varies from case to case. Social development causes the conditions for dividing into property units to be interchangeable, as a result the possible purposes changes with them. A more uniform application of the rule, considering the prerequisites, intended function, current circumstances and requirements should so be applied.Huvudsyftet med studien var att undersöka vilka ”udda” ändamål som kan godtas vid fastighetsbildning med delsyften om hur samhällsutvecklingen påverkar ändamålen och att undersöka hur förrättningslantmätarna bedömer ”överskådlig tid”. Tradition och praxis finns för ett flertal ändamål som kan anses vara självklara, till exempel bostad, jordbruk, skog, kontor och industri. För mer udda ändamål är praxis oklar. Lagen talar inte om vilka ändamål som kan anses vara godtagbara för att kraven om lämplighet ska anses uppfyllda. Lantmäterimyndigheterna har till uppgift att ansvara för en enhetlig och rättssäker fastighetsindelning. Studien belyser frågan om hur lantmäteriverksamheten tillämpar reglerna idag för att ge stöd åt en enhetlig rättstillämpning. Metoder som använts i studien för att besvara syfte och forskningsfrågor var en juridisk metod, en enkätstudie, en intervjustudie och en rättsfallsstudie. Den juridiska metoden användes för att få kunskap om rättsläget. Enkätstudien genomfördes för att samla data och information om ändamål som förrättningslantmätarna ansett vara ”udda”. För att få förståelse och en bakgrund till förrättningarna av de utvalda ”udda” ändamålen genomfördes en intervjustudie med förrättningslantmätarna. Rättsfallsstudien syftade till att få en grund och inblick i hur ”udda” ändamål bedömts. Resultatet av den juridiska metoden visade på hur rekvisiten i lagen ska tolkas. Enkätstudien gav information för vilka ”udda” ändamål det fastighetsbildats. Intervjustudien grundade sig på enkätstudiens resultat och den information som lämnats. Den gav svar på förrättningarnas bakgrund, begreppet ändamålet och dess tillkomst och bedömningen av tidsbegreppet ”överskådlig tid”. Rättsfallsstudien gav en bakgrund till besluten och om hur diskussionerna förts samt huruvida ändamålet varit föremål för bedömning. Den viktigaste slutsatsen var att det är rekvisiten, den tilltänkta funktion, den rådande situation och behoven som avgör vilket ändamål som är godtagbart. Samma faktorer avgör bedömningen av överskådlig tid som i och med det varierar från fall till fall. Samhällsutvecklingen medför att förutsättningarna för fastighetsbildning är föränderliga och därmed förändras också möjliga ändamål. En enhetlig rättstillämpning bör därmed ske utifrån rekvisiten, den tilltänkta funktion, den rådande situation och behoven.
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Hung, Hui-Hsiung, and 洪輝雄. "Establishment of Cadastral Revision Survey Method After 921 Earthquake." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52486274554965454257.
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碩士逢甲大學
土地管理所
92
The central area of Taiwan happened an earthquake at a Richter level of seven at 1:47 A.M. on September 21 of 1999. It caused the land to deform and displace seriously. The Da-keng area, at the east of Taichung City completed cadastral surveying in April of 1999, and the land of the disaster area suffered about seven meters maximum of absolute movement. The east-west direction compresses about four meters, and the south-north direction elongates 30 cm approximately. It causes the cadastral boundary not to be in accordance with current situations. The GIS Topographic MAP of Taichung City completed in 2000, and these aero photography was taken in 1998. The before-earthquake topographic information was recorded in details and can be analyzed for land deformation. The purpose of this study is primarily to discuss the 921- earthquake cadastral revision surveying and the problems to be faced. In addition, how to use the before-earthquake geographic data to cadastral revision surveying is discussed. Cadastral Revision Surveying is carried out by coordinate -transforming. What kind of the method of coordinate transformation, boundary zones of coordinate transformation, the analysis of displacement of monuments, before-earthquake cadastral and topographic maps, and after-earthquake boundary lines are all taken into account. It is hoped a kind of method and algorithms for correction of cadastral map can be used to carried out the Cadastral Revision Surveying after earthquakes as a standard of procedure (SOP). The correction method done by this research with the realistic data, can be regarded as a SOP for future use. The study shows that by analyzing the area of land parcels after earthquake the land parcels can be categorized three types, (1) non-deformation (2) deformation but within a tolerance, (3) deformation. The second type can be simply solved by coordinate transformation, and the third type is solved by the specifications of the after-earthquake re-establishment laws.
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Sun, Lien-suei, and 孫連水. "The Application of Real Time Kinematic GPS on Control Survey and Cadastral Survey." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61296217146462857133.
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碩士國立成功大學
測量工程學系
85
Although the technique of GPS static survey has been widely used in control survey, long observation time and the following post-processing work are still needed. The combination of OTF (On-the-Fly) phase ambiguity resolution method and GPS RTK (Real Time Kinematic) surveying design enables the solution of phase ambiguities in a moving situation. Such a RTK system needs only few observation data to perform positioning, so it is able to shorten the time needed for GPS survey. With the increasing number of GPS satellites and the OTF phase ambiguity resolution method , it has lead to the practical stage of RTK. This study discusses the application of RTK system on control survey and cadastral survey , with emphasis on the accuracy issue , performance efficiency , as well as how to increase reliability. The precision of RTK has been proved to approach 15 mm+3 ppm that meets the requirements of 3rd and 4th order control survey. In the application of cadastral survey , centimeter level accuracy for cadastral coordinates can be reached through proper datum transformation. From the viewpoint of practical application, this study considers the distance limit for RTK technique, and examines the scheme to increase reliability , in order to confirm the survey accuracy.
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Yuan, Ker-Chung, and 袁克中. "The Study of the Accuracy of the Digital Cadastral Survey." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64863166606770340239.
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-HSIUNG, CHUN, and 辜俊雄. "VMS-RTK Applied in the Cadastral Survey of Tainan, Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90616480428312481372.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
地球科學系專班
96
Abstract Traditional Real Time Kinematic (RTK) surveying technique has many advantages, such as rapid measurement, high precision, and real time positioning. However, if we increase the distance between the reference station and portable station the position precision may deteriorate. In order to maintain the precision in long distances, the Tainan County established “Virtual Master Station-Real Time Kinematic (VMS-RTK)”in 2007. The VMS-RTK uses the method of difference with the master reference station to produce a pseudo reference station near to the mobile station. The Tainan County has six continuous GPS stations. We test this system in the Yongkang city industrial district and try to solve the problem of re-establishing the coordinates of the control points. We discuss the precision, stability, and convenience of the application of VMS-REK in the Yongkang city. Because the coordinates are different between the results derived from the Tainan County VMS-RTK and those reported by National land Surveying and Mapping Center, we use Helmert or Affine coordinate transformations for coordinate conversions. In the end the results are compared with the TWD97 coordinate reference coordinates. We survey 88 control points and 59 points received coordinates successfully. The difference of coordinate results is 0.4 cm for a minimum value, 5.2 cm for maximum, and the standard deviation is 2.0 cm. The results of this experiment conform to the standard of National law.
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HUNG, JUI-FENG, and 洪瑞豐. "Study on Cadastral survey of the Responsibility of National Compensation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y36xbv.
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碩士國立高雄大學
政治法律學系碩士班
106
Abstract In the Early Stage of Taiwan s Recovery, the cadastral map of Taiwan continued to use the cadastral map of the measurement results during the Japanese occupation as the government limited human and material resources and did not re-map the cadastral map.After the period of time, continued to using the Japanese occupation cadastral map, which resulted in the scalability, damage and serious error of the drawings. Because of the limited application of technology, equipment and duplication, the accuracy was expected.Coupled with the rapid social and political development in Taiwan, the frequent land fragmentation, the change in natural terrain and the impact of changes in human environment, the status of cadastre and site use is not consistent.In view of the damage, loss or scale of the original cadastre or other important reasons, the impact on the construction of public and private property and government administration is huge.For the purpose of establishing a new cadastral survey result, the cadastral settlement is indeed settled and the resurvey of cadastral map is conducted from the Land Survey Program in Taiwan, the 78 Annual Plan for Cadastral Test of Taiwan Province, the Taiwan Provincial Cadastre Follow-up Plan for Picture Tests (1990 to 2005 Year Plan) and the "Test Plan for Cadastral Redemption" still continue.At the same time, Taiwan cadastral map also entered the numerical era, that is, the cadastral management by means of coordinate system. Although the precision is greatly improved, it is also include several stage of development. Therefore, the new cadastral coordinate system with TWD67, TWD97 and TWD97 coordinate system of the 2010 results, we can imagine there will be more in the future. However, at present, as long as the cadastral homework completes the announcement coordinate system, there will be un-matching coordinate system in this area (unless choose the higher cost of the Urban Land Consolidation), and the control point or map root point is not relative to the ground object relationships and coordinate systems are absolutely related. One day we could confidently complete the accurate and reliable satellite coordinates system boundary points, road center piles, and will slowly be different from the original due to crustal or terrain changes. If, after a period of time, your house is obviously still here, the land administration office practically enforces the principle that the land should be used to work in a relative relationship, that is, starting from the control point to calculate the location of the boundary point, even if the actual location has been Non-original announcement of the coordinate value, but how to make the program legal is a great challenge. At present, most of these problems are measured by the circle of people in a mathematical way to discuss the solution, but not discussed the original results if there is a problem? Because the process of redistributing resurvey of cadastral map results is too complicated and may be judged procedurally as a violation of property rights, the State is indemnified and even a TWD67 numerical coordinate notified on the basis of the ellipsoid of the 1967 Geodetic Reference System 1967 No one will discuss today whether the location of TWD67 landmarks at this boundary point is the original relative location point in 2017. Even though the answer is obviously not the same location as the topography crust in Taiwan is a continuous changeing. The above reasons, field survey mistake when there is news, Article 15 of the Constitution to protect the people's property rights, and Article 24 of the damage suffered by the law for compensation, and trading safe on land, this current survey mistake will result in the state compensation as consensus. This article will also not discuss in depth the framework of the technical aspects. Instead, it discusses the measurement of the national responsibility of state compensation, the suitability of compensation to survey mistake and error. Key words: field survey, mapping control point, numerical method, TWD67 coordinate system, cadastral survey
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CHANG, SHU-CHANG, and 張淑娟. "Evaluation of Simplified e-GNSS Survey Procedure of Cadastral Control Point." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92743500476733566572.
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碩士國立臺北大學
不動產與城鄉環境學系
105
With the development of GPS, people often use static positioning to get mapping control point and coordinates data. For the past few years, the use of VRS-RTK technology has become a trend with its instantaneity and convenience. Besides, Taiwan moves forward from using e-GPS to e-GNSS, which improves work efficiency a lot. Therefore, The purpose of this study was to investigate using e-GNSS simplified-process measuring densification control point and supplementary control survey. And analysis accuracy of the observation result. Our study area was in the jurisdictional area of Taoyuan Aerotropolis and Shulin Land Office. Applying e-GNSS system (using TAIWAN system and TTG_TWD97 system) to the surveying of the root point, and Comparing our results with TWD97 map root coordinates (which have been announced). In this thesis, we used Case A method (receiving 180 fixed solutions, with a one-hour interval between each) and Case B method (receiving 10 fixed solutions, each requiring re-initializations) respectively to analyze the relationship between time measurement and accuracy. Both results are in line with existing operation. It was discovered that the accuracy of Case A is better than Case B, however, it takes more time. As the result, in case of high-accuracy demand, Case A is suggested. Otherwise, if the task range of allowable error more than 10%, which has higher efficiency, Case B was suggested. Key Word：e-GNSS、RTK(Real Time Kinematic)、Cadastral Survey、Supplementary Control Survey
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Chang, Yi-hua, and 張奕華. "Matching Digitized Graphical Cadastral Maps with Field Survey Result Using Genetic Algorithm." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55588382102891896597.
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碩士國立交通大學
工學院工程技術與管理學程
100
Given the current situation of digital cadastral map overlapping with field survey results, They often use the least squares adjustment method, The principle is the smallest sum of squared errors ,This theory can not make the maximum number of the cadastral maps overlapping with the field measurement results can meet the tolerable error, In addition,the cadastral line into two categories,including The original line and the Subsequent increase line‧Practice map overlay is often considered the principles, The first is the original line, Followed by subsequent increase of the line, These principles can not be applied in the traditional least squares method, So the final solution, Then the results are often need to be adjusted manually. To improve these problems, In this study, the genetic algorithm as a core, Develops automation process of a new digitize Graphical cadastral map matching with field survey result . This process first to the least squares method with three-parameter Transformation to the initial data will be converted to the approximate coordinates, And then,Applied to genetic algorithms in a given context, Search for optimal solution, Finally, The use of high resolution for search in the vicinity of the optimal solution, In order to verify the results‧On the other hand for the map sheet bonding problems, This study also considers most of the overlap graph junction and Minimum sum of squared errors. In this study, the process used in the Hsinchu area of graphical cadastral map overlay analysis，The results show that the mentioned approach than least squares method, which will increase from 43.2to1.7percent of the objective function value, And makes the number increased by the lines overlap with the field survey result，In addition to meeting the principles of the previous Practice, And is expected to achieve computer-aided overlay map could thus significantly improve the quality and efficiency‧
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Wen, Chang Chi, and 張繼文. "A Study on GPS Virtual Reference Station System in Cadastral Control Survey." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80150163529953843758.
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碩士國立中興大學
土木工程學系
93
The real-time kinematic (RTK) technique in global positioning system (GPS) provides the advantages of simple and fast operation with centimeter precision. Due to systematic errors in satellite positioning and interferences in radio transmission and restricts in communication distance, the range between the reference station and the moving receiver is limited to several kilometers for reaching centimeter precision. Therefore, methods of increasing the number of reference stations and using GSM (Global Special Mobile) communication have been adopted in many counties to promote the precision of GPS-RTK positioning. However, does it meet the economic benefit for using increased reference stations in a wide county? Meanwhile, if one of the reference stations breaks down, the moving station has to refer to a distant reference station. The precision of such GPS-RTK positioning is thus not assured. This study employs the GPS virtual reference station (VRS) technique in cadastral control survey in Chang-hua County. The results in GPS-VRS positioning were analyzed for within and outside the coverage of the VRS network, and was compared with the results of GPS-RTK positioning. Experimental results show that both GPS-VRS and GPS-RTK positioning techniques meet the centimeter precision requirement for short baselines less than six kilometers. It was also shown that the GPS-RTK does not satisfy the requirement for long baseline references. Moreover, the centimeter precision in GPS-VRS positioning is assured for both within and outside the coverage of the VRS network.
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CHEN, YEN-YU, and 陳嬿羽. "Study on the planning and effectiveness of cadastral survey map data integration system." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78006882203113786020.
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碩士嘉南藥理大學
應用空間資訊系
104
For the long time, cadastral map in Taiwan has had many problems, including discrepancy between cadastral map and land, disconnection between cadastral maps, accuracy in cadastral map coordinates system at different time, and precision of mapping etc. In addition, land survey would make different results, due to inaccurate survey range, and errors in cadastral line judgment and artificial retracement of parcel boundaries. This brings the public’s confusions and land disputation. There are many map information commonly used in local land offices, including cadastral maps, orthophoto map, cadastral investigation form, map of land survey, map of urban planning, digital map of doorplate, and status map etc; however, these map information are separated in various system, and cannot search those maps in one system. This wastes a lot of time in cadastral survey. For solving previous problems, this study from surveyor’s view plans―cadastral survey map data integration system‖ by using e-GNSS. In order to build up consistent coordinates and building time points, the system integrates land survey information and results with cadastral maps, and makes maintenance easier. This study takes the section of Annan and Anbei of Kouhu Township in Yunlin County as the experiment area to estimate the effectiveness of ―cadastral survey map data integration system‖ for cadastral survey.Comparing to the traditional land survey procedures, the system will preprocess land survey inquiries and field works. In existing cases, it can further simplify the procedures of land survey and increase efficiency.
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LO, LIANG-LAI, and 羅量來. "Comparison and Analysis of multi-satellite RTK Combined with e-GNSS on Cadastral Survey." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69k2h8.
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碩士國防大學理工學院
空間科學碩士班
105
Because of many Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) organizations getting maturing with the development of science, multi-satellite RTK system become the future research topics of satellite positioning and newly trends of cadastral survey.This research applied multi-satellite RTK system and e-GNSS to implement the mapping surveying on the cadastral resurvey, through different experimental areas of works,and investigated individual influences on the positioning accuracy 。 The results of those studies are summarized as follow：(1)In Daxi District of multi-satellite RTK combined test，the precision of X-Y planes contrast between single GPS and ALL satellites is increased from 33.33% to 50%. Besides the result of e-GNSS and TTG measurement, they can meet the specifications after correct the system errors, there are still 8% more than ± 0.03m level。(2)In Taoyuan District of multi-satellite RTK combined test，the precision of X-Y planes contrast between single GPS and ALL satellites is increased from 16.67% to33.33%.Besides the result of e-GNSS and TTG measurement,they can meet the specifications after correct the system errors,there are still 24% more than ± 0.03m level. Therefore,assessing the applicability of cadastral survey, the accuracy of multi-satellite RTK combined system is better than e-GNSS system in current。
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Chiang, Chih-Chien, and 江志堅. "Accuracy analysis of cadastral survey with e-GNSS, e-GPS and the Chinese BDS RTK-VRS observations: A case study in the 2015 Lung-Tang Cadastral Resurveying Area." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xbzbkd.
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碩士健行科技大學
土木工程系空間資訊與防災科技碩士班
104
One of the most important work of Cadastral Resurveying is Traditional control point measurement, Control Surveying of traditional is by using survey triangulateration or Precision Traverse , but there''s a restriction of Control Point and Adjacent points Visibility, and also it takes more time and human labour . Recently, because of the progress of GPS, especially RTK and VRS ,they have features such as HighSpeed, HighAccuracy and AllTime observation. Fourth order triangulation stations and supplementary control points in the 2015 Lung-Tang Cadastral Resurveying Area were observed and checked using coordinate transformation methods, such as seven-parameter and regional coordinate, etc. and use GPS receiver that added corrected data by using e-GNSS System from NLSC and CivilNET e-GPS System from Sokkia Ltd. to achieve RTK Survey. The experiment is by using e-GNSS and e-GPS Real-Time Kinematic to survey the assigned Topographical Densified Control Surveying, also use the most advanced( USA GPS, Russia GLONASS and China BeiDou DBS, EU, Japan, India... etc.)receiver by Rapid Static common detect part of Control Points in the experimental area. Comparing the positioning results abovementioned with experimental area control points coordinate TWD97 by Government, the preliminary results indicate the instrument that has been advance entered correction parameter, respectively use e-GNSS and e-GPS System to detect the results of control points without the correction of coordinate parameters, it still can conform the regulatory standard deviation 2~6 centimeters. MultiChannel receiver instrument even after FastStatic Survey, then progress 6-Parameters Conversion, the results still exceeded the standard of Government. This experiment proves that by using instruments that have been advance inputted correction parameters to use e-GNSS and e-GPS system, both of them can achieve the Control Points encryption control point survey of Cadastral Resurveying and for Land Surveying.
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Chu, Chih-Chieh, and 朱志杰. "Use Existing Land Survey Data into the Graphic Cadastral Map Integrated and Overlayed—A case study of Jiaoxi Township Wufeng Section." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5ctbn8.
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碩士國立宜蘭大學
土木工程學系碩士班
106
After digitizing a traditional cadastral map, according to past experience each surveyor will set a coordinate system based on cadastral parcel status, which causes survey data too fragmented and inconsistent. Nowadays, the land administration agencies have adopted a unified coordinate system to integrate the past data (such as questionnaire of cadastral map retest) with the existing data (such as road center of urban planning monument) to improve the accuracy and efficiency of surveys in traditional graphic cadastral regions and as a basis for multivariate applications. In this study, first we collate past land resurveying boundary data. Then, measure and classify supplementary points of the past boundary data and present points at filed surveying. Third, use three-parameter transformation to join the supplementary points with integrated graphical cadastral map at office operation. At last, analyze the errors between the past boundary data and present points. The results show that the proposed method meets the accuracy specifications and can improve the operating efficiency.
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Chen, Chun-TA, and 陳俊達. "The orthophoto of UAV study on cadastral surveying applications-Take the survey of the current status of unfinished geography as an example." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38zfdg.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
106
At present, the handling of the cadastral survey work of all local government agencies and land administration offices in Taiwan is based on the cadastral maps owned by local government agencies. If land that requires measurement is within an unfinished geography, it will need to be done based on the transcript of the original map drawn during Japan’s occupation period. However, if the control points set by the surveying and maps of that period no longer exist, it is necessary to first prepare the terrain data with sufficient scope that meets accuracy specifications according to laws and regulations. After arranging the cadastral map to determine the location of the land boundary relative to the site, the land boundary is measured and placed on site according to the measurement results. However, there are still some problems which decrease the credibility like the unspecific measured terrain and deficient existent materials. The current topographic measurement is carried out using a flat survey panel or a full station theodolite. In addition to the considerable manpower and time, the obscured terrain or complex topography that is often encountered makes observation difficult or impossible for measurement. Therefore, this research uses the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) which is portable, highly mobile and can fly at a low altitude, carrying a high-resolution camera; adopts aerial photogrammetry: the triangulation measurement; establishes the e-GNSS real-time dynamic positioning system from the National Land Surveying and Mapping Center ,Ministry of the Interior to ensure the coordinates of ground spatial points through the ground control points; and further compares the differences between the results gained from the orthophoto and direct measurement in order to verify the orthophoto results of the UAV aerial photos and determine whether the plane position accuracy complies with the unmeasured area’s current regulation. As a result, the research plan is as follows: first, by using the UAV with a high-resolution focus-fixed digital camera at a height below 200 meters and the GSD (Ground Sampling Distance) lower than 0.5 centimeters, with comparing difference values between the checking points of orthophoto and the field measurement coordinates conform to the regulations of the unfinished geography. Second, in the same area, it takes 12 to 41 days using a standard measurement method, while it takes only 5 to 7 days using the UAV aerial camera’s orthophoto technology. Obviously, using UAV is much more efficient and faster. Above all, this paper proves that this method using UAV aerial camera’s orthophoto technology can solve the problems of unfinished geography. Key words: UAV aerial photos, Ground Sampling Distance, accuracy, credibility
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Yang, Chang-ho, and 楊昌和. "Comparison analysis of coordinate- transformed digitized graphical cadastral maps and re-surveyed cadastral maps." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01159681333084999292.
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碩士逢甲大學
土地管理所
94
Though graphical maps of part area are resurveyed, a lot of area are still not resurveyed yet. However, that kinds of area are necessary to be cadastrally resurveyed in order to handle the compression and exaggeration problem of primitive cadastral maps. In this study, field surveyed data and cadastral reconnaissance data are used to analyze three types of maps: cadastral resurveyed map, coordinate-transformed map, and digitized graphical cadastral map. The accuracy analysis is made by comparing interested field points with boundary points, interested points and boundary lines, and side length and area of parcel in accordance with the different item data of cadastral reconnaissance. The results demonstrated that (1) the coordinate-transformed cadastral maps could be instead of the resurveyed cadastral maps in comparison to the field points with boundary points, (2) the parcel area of the coordinate-transformed map is consistent with the digitized graphical cadastral map than the resurveyed map. The coordinate-transformed cadastral maps are not only able to improve the accuracy of primitive graphical cadastral map but also instead of the resurveyed cadastral maps in stage phases. In addition, it can shorten the time span of cadastral re-survey process.
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Rowe, Oliver allan. "A survey to assess perceptions on the value of examining survey records within the Surveyor-General(s) Office(s)." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10561.
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The examination of survey diagrams and records submitted by Professional Land Surveyor(s), has been the responsibility of the Surveyor-General(s) Office(s) in South Africa since the passing of the Land Survey Act 9 of 1927 and its successor, the Land Survey Act 8 of 1997. As it stands Professional Land Surveyor(s), registered with the South African Institute of Professional and Technical Surveyors, are the only persons authorised to place and replace cadastral boundaries. Together with the Surveyor-General(s) Office(s), they ensure the integrity of our land tenure system. This research investigated the perceptions of the Professional Land Surveyor(s) and the examiners, as to whether this examination process is necessary to ensure the integrity of the land tenure system, or whether it is a mere hindrance to the registration of land within the Deeds Office(s). A qualitative research approach was undertaken whereby a questionnaire was developed and distributed to all registered Professional Land Surveyor(s) operating in KwaZulu-Natal. In addition, semi-structured interviews were performed at the offices of the Surveyor-General with the staff involved with the examination process. It was established that the examination, although perceived as a delay in the registration of property, is vital and if compromised there is a distinct risk of losing the security and integrity that presently exist within the cadastral system. It would appear that the integrity of our cadastral system is not found solely in the professional land surveyor or the examination section, but rather that the combined efforts of the two parties provides an end product that is accurate, correct and ensures that the integrity of the cadastre system is maintained.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.
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ZEZULOVÁ, Martina. "Zpracování průzkumných prací ve zvolené lokalitě jako podklad pro KoPÚ." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-202540.
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The thesis deals with the processing of exploratory work according to valid methodology in the cadastral area of Přídolí. It provides a list of all the information that is needed for further processing of land consolidation. In addition to the basic characteristics of natural and economic conditions in the area, major emphasis is put on the data acquisition and processing in the field of transport system, soil degradation, locations and state of all elements for control of soil erosion and territorial system of ecological stability, water supply conditions and landscape value. The processing of the obtained documents, field survey and territory analysis should be used to optimize the land consolidation process, especially common facilities planning.
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Lu, Tzu-Tai, and 呂子泰. "A Study of using Coordinate Vector Correction Method to improve the result of digitized cadastral maps and compare with re-surveyed cadastral maps." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45614026700079947440.
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碩士國立中興大學
土木工程學系所
102
In recent years, Taiwan has the effect of changes in the social structure,the land prices of the city keep rising. Owing to the problem of changing the land area(increase or decrease)in the Land Resurveying,the land area didn''t conform to register is the most important problem that people can''t accept. For this reason,we use CVCM to correct the coordinates by using area and point, enable the problem of every parcel corner composing the land area didn''t conform to register can be slove and get effectively reduce in this study. According to the research achievements of useing CVCM to improve diagram digitizing cadastral map(C.P Tu,2013),the data show the RMS of transform area and register area can be reduce about 31%,the land parcels area for exceeding value of maximum tolerance can be reduce about 28%,and the part of parcel corner displacement can reduce admissible error under to 6cm,those achiecement can conform to Regulations for Cadastral Survey. In order to reduce the error to ideal corrected value,we choose two experimental area(620and621) in Dalin Township of Chiayi County. First,use TWD97 coordinates system to survey then correct the achievement by using CVCM.Second, plus the standard error limit of exceeding value 3 times to achievement,then compared and analyzed the achevement of cadastral map. According to the research data,the private land exceeding remedy allowance can be improve 38%,if we can do some correct to the part of parcel corner displacement,then after correct can be improve 28%,so we can reduce admissible error 6cm under to 4cm. Therefore,for the high-priced land of city,when the land office do land resurveying,the case of land area decrease produces dispute and ask indemnification can be slove and get effectively reduce.
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Hsu, Cheng-Hui, and 徐丞輝. "A Study on Establishing TWD97 System through Expendingthe Uses of Digitized Cadastre at Routine Parcel Surveys." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76601269004592848394.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
土木工程學系
92
The digitization of graphical cadastral maps overall the Taiwan Province is going to be completely carried out. Those graphical cadastral maps originally are produced in different periods of time and scales. The coordinate systems differ from the currently unified highly precise geodetic datum TWD97 in Taiwan area. In the process of digitization, they keep unchanged. In other words, there is none of reliable numeric information on the digitized results in accordance with the practical sites and the present coordinate system except the numeric geometric relationship of boundary lines. To aim at the wider and wider using of them for land parcel survey, surveying those boundary stakes from TWD97 control points simultaneously, more and more coordinates in TWD97 system of boundary points within a local area can be accumulated in the follow-up land surveys. On the base of the digital geometric data of digitized results, with the capability of computer display combined with the six-parameter (Affine) coordinate transformation function in Digitized Cadastral Map Management System (DCMMS), it can be encased with the above accumulated coordinates. The establishment of a certain area in TWD97 system can therefore be completed step by step. Indirectly, speed-up of resurvey of cadastral map is optimistically expected.