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1
Piotrkiewicz, Romualda. "The Characteristics of the Documentation of the Prussian Land and Building Cadastre in the State Archives in Olsztyn." Masuro-Warmian Bulletin 298, no. 4 (January 4, 2018): 569–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134921.
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The Prussian land and building cadastre was introduced on May 21, 1861, under three laws that uni�fied the tax system throughout the Prussian state. According to the regulations, the cadastre was to be based on measurements and calculations. Because broad field surveys were not taken into account, cadastral maps drawn up at that time were most often copies of already existing land maps. In the 1930s, the Prussian state reorganized its surveying services, aimed at introducing a uniform system of land classification in the entire German state, and consequently a single cadastral system. As a result, a unified state cadre - the Reichkataster – was to be formed throughout Germany. Unfortunately, the work did not produce the desired effect and the Reichkataster was intro�duced only in 1941. Further work on the national cadastre was interrupted by the Second World War. The State Archive in Olsztyn holds the cadastral documentation from the area of the former Olsztyn district, the part of the Królewiec district (primarily the area which after the Second World War was within the borders of the Polish state) and the remains of the cadastral office in Węgorzewo. The full documentation from the area of the Królewiec district is presented, consisting of cadastral office files and 9 cadastral offices in Bartoszyce, Braniewo, Gierdawy, Kętrzyn, Lidzbark Warmiński, Morąg, Pasłęk, Pruska Iława and Święta Siekierka. There are 11222 cadastral maps in the file. This documentation is an important part of the pre-war resource of Olsztyn.
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Tamrakar, Rabindra Man. "Potential Use of GPS Technology For Cadastral Surveys in Nepal." Journal on Geoinformatics, Nepal 12 (October 31, 2013): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njg.v12i0.9071.
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Global Positional Systems (GPS) now is competing with traditional surveying techniques in almost all fields of geodesy and cadastral surveying after the availability of highly productive new systems such as Real Time Kinematic (RTK) systems along with the use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Although the cadastral mapping of the entire Nepal was completed in 1996 using graphical survey with plane table technique, derived information from the existing maps now are outdated and do not fulfil the needs of the general public. Updating cadastral maps is not only necessary but vital in Nepal. Survey Department under the Ministry of Land Reforms & Management, Government of Nepal now has to adopt an appropriate innovative approach for cadastral mapping in the country in order to meet the growing public demands on reliable land information system, to provide speedy land administrative services as well as for overall development of the country. With continual research and development into GPS, the techniques and systems developed have become more reliable, cheaper and more productive, making GPS more attractive for a range of surveying solutions including cadastral mapping. Though high resources may be initially required for the RTK GPS technology for cadastral surveys in Nepal when compared to presently available optical surveying techniques, it would be justifiable in investing in GPS surveys. This technology, however, will not replace the existing survey techniques but it will provide another means in carrying out cadastral surveys especially in the area where the conventional technique is not economically and temporally viable. Nepalese Journal on Geoinformatics -12, 2070 (2013AD): 33-40
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Rao, S. S., J. R. Sharma, S. S. Rajashekar, D. S. P. Rao, A. Arepalli, V. Arora, Kuldeep, R. P. Singh, and M. Kanaparthi. "Assessing Usefulness of High-Resolution Satellite Imagery (HRSI) for Re-Survey of Cadastral Maps." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-8 (November 27, 2014): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-8-133-2014.
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The Government of India has initiated “National Land Records Modernization Programme (NLRMP)” with emphasis to modernize management of land records, minimize scope of land/property disputes, enhance transparency in the land records maintenance system, and facilitate moving eventually towards guaranteed conclusive titles to immovable properties in the country. One of the major components of the programme is survey/re-survey and updating of all survey and settlement records including creation of original cadastral records wherever necessary. The use of ETS/GPS, Aerial or High Resolution Satellite Images (HRSI) and hybrid method of images are suggested for re-survey in the guidelines. The emerging new satellite technologies enabling earth observation at a spatial resolution of 1.0m or 0.5m or even 0.41m have brought revolutionary changes in the field of cadastral survey. The highresolution satellite imagery (HRSI) is showing its usefulness for cadastral surveys in terms of clear identification of parcel boundaries and other cultural features due to which traditional cadastre and land registration systems have been undergoing major changes worldwide. In the present research study, cadastral maps are derived from ETS/GPS, HRSI of 1.0m and 0.5m and used for comparison. The differences in areas, perimeter and position of parcels derived from HRSI are compared vis-a-vis ETS/GPS boundaries. An assessment has been made on the usefulness of HRSI for re-survey of cadastral maps vis-a-vis conventional ground survey.
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Mantey, S. "Suitability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Cadastral Surveys." Ghana Mining Journal 19, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gm.v19i1.1.
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Cadastral surveys in Ghana often employ well known surveying equipment such as Total Station andGNSSreceivers or a combination of both. These survey techniques are well-established and widely accepted. However, there are limitations in certain areas. In situations where difficult terrain and inaccessible areas and dense vegetation are encountered or when surveyor’s life may be at risk, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) could be used to overcome the limitations of these well-established survey instruments. This research used high resolution images from UAV (DJI Phantom 4) to survey plots within the University of Mines and Technology land area. Coordinates of the boundary points were extracted using Agisoft Photoscan.GNSSreceivers were also used to survey the land and the same boundary point coordinates obtained and compared. This enabled the establishment of accurate ground control points for georeferencing. The coordinates obtained from both UAV andGNSSSurveys were used to prepare cadastral plans and compared. The difference in Northings and Eastings from UAV andGNSSsurveys were +0.380 cmand +0.351 cmrespectively. These differences are well within tolerance of +/-0.9114 m(+/-3 ft) set by the Survey and Mapping Division (SMD) of the Lands Commission for cadastral plans production. This research therefore concludes that high resolution images from UAVs are suitable for cadastral surveying. Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Drones, Global Navigation Satellite Systems, Cadastral Surveys
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Aditya, Trias, Dany Laksono, Febrian F. Susanta, I. Istarno, D. Diyono, and Didik Ariyanto. "Visualization of 3D Survey Data for Strata Titles." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050310.
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Major cities and urban areas are beginning to develop and use 3D properties and public facilities. Consequently, 3D cadastral surveys are increasingly being employed for strata unit ownership registration as a part of land administration services. At present, most national land information systems do not support 2D and 3D cadastral visualizations. A field survey or validation survey is required to determine the geometry of 3D spatial units for property registration. However, the results of 3D surveys and mapping are not stored in the land information system. This work aims to integrate 2D and 3D geospatial data of property units collected from cadastral surveys with their corresponding legal data. It reviews the workflow for the use of 3D survey data for first-titling of 3D properties in Indonesia. A scenario of use and a prototype were developed based on existing practices and the possibility of extending Indonesia’s Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) to represent 3D units. Data submitted to the prototype as 3D geometries was survey data from 3D cadastral surveys or validation surveys utilizing terrestrial survey methods. The prototype used PostGIS and Cesium Ion to store 3D geometries of data from six 3D surveys. Registrars in local land offices could use the prototype to undertake strata unit registration that establishes a relationship among geospatial features and their survey documents and legal documents. Cesium JS was used as a 3D browser, customized as a web application, to manage and visualize 3D survey data to support strata title registration. The results demonstrate that the first titling of 3D cadaster objects could be conducted and properly visualized in Indonesia by extending the existing LADM with more support for 3D spatial representations and survey documents.
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Chio, Shih-Hong, and Cheng-Chu Chiang. "Feasibility Study Using UAV Aerial Photogrammetry for a Boundary Verification Survey of a Digitalized Cadastral Area in an Urban City of Taiwan." Remote Sensing 12, no. 10 (May 25, 2020): 1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101682.
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In conducting land boundary verification surveys in digitalized cadastral areas in Taiwan, possible parcel points must be surveyed. These points are employed in the overlap analysis and map registration of possible parcel points and digitalized cadastral maps to identify the coordinates of parcel points. Based on the computed horizontal distance and angle between control points and parcel points, parcels are staked out using ground surveys. Most studies survey possible parcel points using ground surveys with, for example, total stations. Compared with ground surveys, UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) aerial photogrammetry can provide more possible parcel points. Thus, an overlap analysis of digitalized cadastral maps, combined with the collection of possible parcel points, will be more comprehensive. In this study, a high-quality-medium format camera, with a 55 mm focal length, was carried on a rotary UAV to take images, with a 3 cm ground sampling distance (GSD), flying 300 m above the ground. The images were taken with an 80% end-lap and side-lap to increase the visibility of the terrain details for stereo-mapping. According to the test conducted in this study, UAV aerial photogrammetry can accurately provide supplementary control points and assist in the boundary verification of digitalized cadastral areas in Taiwan.
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Dale, P. F. "PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND CADASTRAL SURVEYS WITHIN THE COMMONWEALTH." Photogrammetric Record 9, no. 53 (August 26, 2006): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1979.tb00104.x.
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Hoogsteden, Chris, Paul Denys, and Dan McDaid. "Cadastral surveys and the GPS option: Origina definition, time and cost comparisons for an urban cadastral survey." Australian Surveyor 42, no. 2 (July 1997): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00050326.1997.10440328.
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McDaid, Daniel, Paul Denys, and Christopher Hoogsteden. "Cadastral Surveys and the GPS Option: Origin Definition, Time and Cost Comparisons for an Urban Cadastral Survey." Australian Surveyor 42, no. 2 (July 1997): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00050343.1997.10558683.
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Potsiou, Chryssy, Cornel Paunescu, Charalabos Ioannidis, Konstantinos Apostolopoulos, and Florin Nache. "Reliable 2D Crowdsourced Cadastral Surveys: Case Studies from Greece and Romania." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020089.
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This paper is part of a doctoral dissertation (PhD) research that investigates the development of a procedure for reliable 2D crowdsourced cadastral surveying introducing the use of new Information Technology IT tools and increased citizen participation, supported by m-services. For the development of this procedure, the formal cadastral procedure applied currently in two Europeans countries, Greece and Romania, for their modern nation-wide projects is firstly investigated. The first part of this paper briefly investigates the current stage of progress of those projects in both countries, as well as the specifications and procedures applied for the cadastral surveys, and assesses the level of participation of the right holders and the efficiency of the current procedures. Then, a proposal for a crowdsourced general procedure with increased participation of the right holders in the initial cadastral data collection phase is designed that it may be of value either for the planners of those two projects to improve their projects towards a more fit-for-purpose approach and successfully meet the deadlines timely, or for researchers and planners of other projects with similar nation-wide approaches which also require accurate, assured and authoritative end products. For the assessment of the applicability of the proposal, three case studies are held and tested in urban, rural and suburban areas in both countries, using both a commercial application and an open source one. These crowdsourced surveys are compared to the formal cadastral surveys that have been compiled by cadastral professionals in both countries and the achieved results are assessed and judged as satisfactory in terms of geometric accuracies and the avoidance of gross errors in the location of the parcels. A proposal for future research in order to further improve the proposed procedure is discussed.
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Gill, J., N. S. Shariff, K. M. Omar, A. H. M. Din, and Z. M. Amin. "A REVIEW ON LEGAL TRACEABILITY OF GNSS MEASUREMENTS IN THE MALAYSIAN CADASTRAL PRACTICE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W1 (September 29, 2016): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w1-191-2016.
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As the dependency on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in surveying has been growing over the years, the need for legal traceability of GNSS measurements has become a significant matter. In Malaysia, with the advent of the Malaysia Real-time Kinematic Network (MyRTKnet), GNSS surveying has revolutionised land survey and mapping. Correspondingly, the Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM) amended and published standard regulations and guidelines concerning cadastral survey, i.e., Cadastral Survey Regulations 2009, to include GNSS measurements. However, these regulations and guidelines has not comprehensively incorporated legal traceability of GNSS measurements; which is a prerequisite for cadastral surveys as it requires reliable and conclusive evidence for issues such as boundary disputes. The first objective of this paper is to review and discuss the legal traceability of GNSS measurements. Secondly, it will highlight the current practice and issues, i.e., with regard to legal traceability, within the present Malaysian cadastral regulation and guidelines, in relation to the prevalently adopted Network RTK (N-RTK) technique, GNSS instrument calibrations, and reference stations’ accuracy. Lastly, a rudimentary best practice guideline for GNSS surveying in cadastral survey for Malaysia is proposed. It is expected that this paper will contribute to the implementation of a best practice guideline, which is inclusive of legal traceability of GNSS measurements, for the Malaysian cadastral practice.
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Masri, T., and D. R. Paudyal. "DEVELOPMENT OF 3D CADASTRE IN NEW SOUTH WALES THROUGH E-PLAN LODGEMENT." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-4-2021 (June 17, 2021): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-4-2021-139-2021.
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Abstract. With rapid growth of urban environments worldwide, there is an increasing need to develop more innovative and efficient land administration systems. In Australia, various jurisdictions are currently in the process of implementing 3D cadastre to support better land administration services to the wider community. The ‘Cadastre 2034 Strategy’ published by the Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM) for Australia in 2014 indicates that a digital cadastre will be implemented as part of that strategy. As part of development of 3D cadastre, State of New South Wales has used the ePlan model based on LandXML for digital lodgement and validation of cadastral plans. This initiative aims to replace PDF cadastral plans with the digital format of LandXML. However, with the introduction of LandXML as the chosen formats for digital cadastral plans in NSW, there has been a significantly low level of Strata Plan digital capture and submission in LandXML format by the surveying industry. The research aims to identify the main challenges and explore a suitable method to improve the adoption of the digital format for Strata Plan submission and development of 3D cadastre in NSW. In this research paper, a mixed method research approach has been used by integrating both qualitative and quantitative data. The primary data was collected using online questionnaires and surveys of different stakeholders from government and the private surveying industry. The data allowed for the assessment of the effectiveness and implications of the digital system currently maintained by the NSW LRS (Land Registry Services). A case study was used for the creation, validation and lodgement of an existing strata plan using LandXML format. This paper demonstrates that implementation of 3D digital cadastral plans needs to be more structured in order to satisfy all stakeholders involved. More investment into the representation of complex 3D geometric models and classification for validation will improve the uptake by surveyors. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of the proposed strata plan implementation strategy and proposes future research within the topic of strata plan validation in NSW, Australia.
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Gkeli, Maria, Chryssy Potsiou, and Charalabos Ioannidis. "A technical solution for 3D crowdsourced cadastral surveys." Land Use Policy 98 (November 2020): 104419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104419.
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Gkeli, Maria, Chryssy Potsiou, Sofia Soile, Giorgos Vathiotis, and Maria-Eleni Cravariti. "A BIM-IFC Technical Solution for 3D Crowdsourced Cadastral Surveys Based on LADM." Earth 2, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 605–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/earth2030035.
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In most countries, three-dimensional (3D) property units are registered utilizing two-dimensional (2D) documentation and textual description. This approach has several limitations as it is unable to represent the actual extent of complicated 3D property units in space. As traditional procedures often lead to increased costs and long delays in 2D cadastral surveying, a fast, cost-effective, and reliable solution is needed to cope with the remaining global cadastral surveying needs. Crowdsourcing has claimed a critical role as a reliable methodology with huge potential regarding the realization of 2D and 3D cadastral registration in both an affordable and a timely manner. Many large modern constructions are now planned and constructed based on BIM technology all over the world. The utilization of 3D digital models, such as building information models (BIMs), and the establishment of a connection with the international standard of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) could be a solution for the rapid integration of these units into a 3D crowdsourced cadaster with a better representation of the cadastral boundaries of these units, a detailed visualization of complex infrastructures, and an enhancement in the interoperability between different parties and organizations. In this paper, the potential linkage between the BIM, the LADM, and crowdsourcing techniques is investigated in order to provide an effective technical solution for the integration of large new constructions into 3D crowdsourced cadastral surveys. The proposed framework is tested on a building block in Athens, Greece. The potential, perspectives, and reliability of such an implementation are assessed and discussed.
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Tamrakar, Rabindra Man. "A Prospect of Digital Airborne Photogrammetry Approach for Cadastral Mapping in Nepal." Journal on Geoinformatics, Nepal 11 (December 3, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njg.v11i0.23109.
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Although the history of land recording system is very old in Nepal, systemic cadastral survey was commenced only after the promulgation of Land Measurement Acts in 1963 and the implementation of land reform programme in 1964. Cadastral survey of all 75 districts of Nepal was completed in 1995/96 using traditional graphical method with plane tables and telescopic/plane alidades. Derived information from the existing maps now are outdated and do not fulfill the needs of the general public. 27 out of the 83 district survey offices under Survey Department, Government of Nepal are presently involved in cadastral mapping of the village block areas which previously have been left out in the first phase of surveys (1964-1996). These offices as well are engaged in the preparation of new mapping series of the districts using the same traditional graphical survey method. The speed of this survey is relatively slow and the general public also is not very satisfied with this resurveying method. People now are soliciting for updated and reliable land information based on new cadastral maps due to greater demand for land market and higher land values. Now the time has come to adopt an appropriate innovative approach for resurveying in the country in order to meet the growing public demands on reliable land information system as well as to provide prompt services. Although various technologies in cadastral mapping are currently available, digital airborne photogrammetry using aerial photographs probably could be an appropriate technology for resurveying in Nepal, especially in the hilly districts for developing accurate and reliable land information system.
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Aksamitauskas, Vladislovas Česlovas, and Kristina Grinevičiūtė. "SELECTED LEGAL ISSUES OF LAND CADASTRAL SURVEYING IN LITHUANIA." Geodesy and Cartography 41, no. 2 (October 25, 2015): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2015.1056460.
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This study is limited to the selected problematic aspects of cadastral surveys of land plots. Special attention is paid to the problem of on-site marking of the land plot boundaries. Authors have found that it determine imperative and complicated legal regulations. Cases where the act of marking-demonstration of the land plot boundaries is declared faulty in judicial practice are discussed. The problems of establishing the land plot boundaries are considered. Theoretical analysis is based on judicial practice. The advanced judicial practice demonstrates that immovable object cadastral surveys cannot correct legal ownership relationships.
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Mourafetis, G., K. Apostolopoulos, C. Potsiou, and C. Ioannidis. "Enhancing cadastral surveys by facilitating the participation of owners." Survey Review 47, no. 344 (September 2015): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1752270615y.0000000009.
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Karimov, Alexei. "Russian Cadastral Surveys Before and After Peter the Great." Cartographic Journal 36, no. 2 (December 1999): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/caj.1999.36.2.125.
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Martono, Dwi Budi, Trias Aditya, Subaryono Subaryonoand, and Prijono Nugroho. "The Legal Element of Fixing the Boundary for Indonesian Complete Cadastre." Land 10, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10010049.
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In 2017, the Indonesian government implemented the systematic land registration (PTSL) process, projected to be finished by 2025. However, this process faces some challenges in the spatial and legal data collection process, resulting in the Indonesian cadastral system still being incomplete. For instance, during the three years of its implementation, out of about 135 million parcels, only 49.5% have been registered. Therefore, the level of completeness needs to be improved. This research aims to assess the compliance of the fixed boundary process' legal elements, such as the parties that locate the boundary, agreement between the adjoining landowners, and boundary markers. This is a piece of qualitative research in which the data were obtained through interviews from questionnaire surveys to land administration policymakers. Subsequently, the research carried out regulation assessments to develop a country-context cadastre typology of the current cadastral mapping activities. Data were obtained from the results of the PTSL campaign in the Madiun regency. The result showed that the high percentage (i.e., 96.61%) of legal elements regarding the boundary agreement in a rural area could be used as a potential enabler towards achieving completion of the Indonesian cadastre.
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Martono, Dwi Budi, Trias Aditya, Subaryono Subaryono, and Prijono Nugroho. "The Legal Element of Fixing the Boundary for Indonesian Complete Cadastre." Land 10, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10010049.
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In 2017, the Indonesian government implemented the systematic land registration (PTSL) process, projected to be finished by 2025. However, this process faces some challenges in the spatial and legal data collection process, resulting in the Indonesian cadastral system still being incomplete. For instance, during the three years of its implementation, out of about 135 million parcels, only 49.5% have been registered. Therefore, the level of completeness needs to be improved. This research aims to assess the compliance of the fixed boundary process’ legal elements, such as the parties that locate the boundary, agreement between the adjoining landowners, and boundary markers. This is a piece of qualitative research in which the data were obtained through interviews from questionnaire surveys to land administration policymakers. Subsequently, the research carried out regulation assessments to develop a country-context cadastre typology of the current cadastral mapping activities. Data were obtained from the results of the PTSL campaign in the Madiun regency. The result showed that the high percentage (i.e., 96.61%) of legal elements regarding the boundary agreement in a rural area could be used as a potential enabler towards achieving completion of the Indonesian cadastre.
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Mou, Zhenyu. "Land, Law and Power." European Journal of East Asian Studies 14, no. 2 (2015): 287–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01402005.
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This paper explores the origin and development of the cadastre in the French Concession in Shanghai (1849–1943). The paper mainly focuses on how the cadastre functioned as an instrument of power in different periods. It argues that the cadastre originated from and was influenced by the cadastre system in France, although it evolved with its own characteristics owing to the complex political and administrative configuration that prevailed in Shanghai. It actually took more than a half-century for the French municipality to make the cadastre the only effective means and instrument for the management of land and land tax. It took several successive land surveys to reveal all the land in the French Concession. Eventually, however, the Cadastral Office in the French Concession cadastre took precedence and dispossessed the Chinese authorities of their initial power over land.
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Campbell, Gord, and Paul Egesborg. "Designing a property fabric information system for canada lands." CISM journal 44, no. 3 (October 1990): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-1990-0025.
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The efficient access to and management of approximately 100 000 cadastral survey related records by the Federal Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Legal Surveys Division, requires the application of GIS and Data Base Management technology. This paper discusses the design process, general specifications, functional requirements, and data model, of a Property Fabric Information System now in development in the Division. This system will be the GIS component of an Automated Canada Lands Information System that the Division will use to manage the majority of its administrative and technical data. The data conversion methodology that will be used to build the databases for this cadastral GIS application, is also outlined.
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Benduch, Piotr, and Agnieszka Pęska-Siwik. "Assessing the usefulness of the photogrammetric method in the process of capturing data on parcel boundaries." Geodesy and Cartography 66, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geocart-2017-0003.
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Abstract A parcel is the most important object of real estate cadastre. Its primary spatial attribute are boundaries, determining the extent of property rights. Capturing the data on boundaries should be performed in the way ensuring sufficiently high accuracy and reliability. In recent years, as part of the project “ZSIN – Construction of Integrated Real Estate Information System – Stage I”, in the territories of the participating districts, actions were taken aimed at the modernization of the register of land and buildings. In many cases, this process was carried out basing on photogrammetric materials. Applicable regulations allow such a possibility. This paper, basing on the documentation from the National Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation Center and on the authors’ own surveys attempts to assess the applicability of the photogrammetric method to capture data on the boundaries of cadastral parcels. The scope of the research, most importantly, included the problem of accuracy with which it was possible to determine the position of a boundary point using photogrammetric surveys carried out on the terrain model created from processed aerial photographs. The article demonstrates the manner of recording this information in the cadastral database, as well as the resulting legal consequences. Moreover, the level of reliability of the entered values of the selected attributes of boundary points was assessed.
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Kwartnik-Pruc, Anita. "Possibilities Of Using Innovative Sources Of Information On Real Estate In The Spatial Data Collection Process." Real Estate Management and Valuation 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/remav-2015-0010.
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Abstract The register of land and buildings is an essential source of information on real estate. The use of cadastral data in land management is manifold, starting from spatial planning, through the calculation of taxes, the designation of real estate in land and mortgage registers, and finally, in real estate management. The accuracy of information from public records, i.e. the register of land and buildings, obtained by entities managing property has a direct impact on the correctness of the conducted processes of land management. Data necessary to determine the position of boundaries of cadastral parcels are taken from surveying documentation accepted into the national geodetic and cartographic resource database. If there is no such documentation, or the data contained therein are not reliable, information on the boundaries of cadastral parcels are obtained by means of field or photogrammetric surveys, preceded by the determination of the course of these boundaries. The present article analyzes the requirements of legislature regarding real estate data contained in the register of land and buildings. The possibility of capturing such information using an innovative method of laser scanning was also identified and tested. The object of the research was a fragment of the Old Town in Cracow, which had previously been covered by classical surveying. Based on the national geodetic control points and in relation to the National Spatial Reference System, with reference to GNSS, surveys of buildings arranged in a compact development were performed with a terrestrial laser scanner in order to compare the accuracy of determining real estate boundaries using these two methods. Possibilities of collecting data on the developed real properties that could be incorporated into the 3D cadastre in the future were identified and the quality of the obtained information was rated.
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Gkeli, Maria, Chryssy Potsiou, and Charalabos Ioannidis. "Crowdsourced 3D cadastral surveys: looking towards the next 10 years." Journal of Geographical Systems 21, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 61–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10109-018-0287-0.
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Potsiou, C., N. Doulamis, N. Bakalos, M. Gkeli, and C. Ioannidis. "INDOOR LOCALIZATION FOR 3D MOBILE CADASTRAL MAPPING USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences VI-4/W1-2020 (September 3, 2020): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-vi-4-w1-2020-159-2020.
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Abstract. With the rapid global urbanization, several multi-dimensional complex infrastructures have emerged, introducing new challenges in the management of the vertically stratified buildings spaces. 3D indoor cadastral spaces consist a zestful research topic as their complexity and geometry alterations during time, prevents the assignment of the corresponding Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities (RRR). In the absence of the necessary horizontal spatial data infrastructure/floor plans their determination is weak. In this paper a fit-for-purpose technical framework and a crowdsourced methodology for the implementation of 3D cadastral surveys focused on indoor cadastral spaces, is proposed and presented. As indoor data capturing tool, an open-sourced cadastral mobile application for Android devices, is selected and presented. An Indoor Positioning System based on Bluetooth technology is established while an innovative machine learning architecture is developed, in order to explore its potentials to automatically provide the position of the mobile device within an indoor environment, aiming to add more intelligence to the proposed 3D crowdsourced cadastral framework. A practical experiment for testing the examined technical solution is conducted. The produced results are assessed to be quite promising.
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He, G. B., and L. L. Li. "RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF LIDAR TECHNOLOGY IN CADASTRAL SURVEYING AND MAPPING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2020 (August 6, 2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-33-2020.
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Abstract. The state attaches great importance to the issue of the right to the use of rural land. At present, China is carrying out a large-scale mapping and confirmation of rural house sites and rural houses. The traditional measurement method mainly adopts total station or RTK manual measurement method, which is characterized by high work intensity, complex operation procedure and labor-consuming. There are hundreds of thousands of villages in China. With the development of science and technology, it is an inevitable trend to use new technologies in rural cadastral surveys to improve their efficiency and quality. LiDAR scanning technology has the advantages of high efficiency, flexibility, reliability, and high accuracy, which meet the requirements of tasks and schedules that are difficult to complete with traditional measurement methods. This paper is based on the AS-300H multi-platform LiDAR system of Huace Navigation, which integrates UAV and vehicle LiDAR for cadastral surveying and mapping. It proves that LiDAR using in rural cadastral mapping has low labor intensity, high efficiency and accuracy. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of LiDAR technology for cadastral mapping are also summarized and elaborated, which has a good reference and significance for those who are currently conducting rural housing and cadastral mapping work.
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Anikeeva, I. A., N. M. Babashkin, S. A. Kadnichanskiy, and S. S. Nekhin. "The Possibility and Effectiveness of Using Drones When Performing Cadastral Works." Geodesy and Cartography 938, no. 8 (September 20, 2018): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2018-938-8-44-52.
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The analysis of the capabilities and effectiveness of the aerial survey using a drone for determining the coordinate points of the real estate objects’ boundaries with photogrammetric method in doing cadastral works basing on established requirements is given. The matters of coordinates’ definition accuracy are considered basing on the results of research trials of hardware and software systems of digital aerial photography and photogrammetric processing based on using drones and the aerial photos of the polygon. The results of a comparative analysis of the aerial survey effectiveness using drones of various types and traditional aerial survey with manned aircraft are given. The factors affecting the efficiency are analyzed. Issues of creating the legislation base for aerial survey with drones are discussed. The conclusion is made about possibility of aerial survey using unmanned aircraft to determine the coordinates of the real estate objects’ boundaries with precision meeting the established requirements. Planning aerial surveys with drones for cadastral tasks should be primarily based on economic factors (time and cost), taking into account the specific conditions of the subject and used hardware and software.
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KAZACHENKO, L., R. CHUBUKIN, and V. KAZACHENKO. "GIS-technologies in the creation of planned geodesic basics for developing a general plan of a population." Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 42, no. II (September 1, 2021): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-2-42-67-75.
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Purpose. The application of geodetic measuring systems and geodetic software in creating a planned geodetic basis for establishing the boundaries of the settlement or expanding its boundaries requires a modern cartographic basis in digital form and created a master plan. Methodology. This is achieved through geodetic measurements and computer processing of their results. GIS technologies and remote sensing in this case help to solve the problem quickly, accurately, efficiently and with the least time and money. Old cartographic materials, according to which geodetic surveys were carried out and which served as a basis for obsolete, do not meet modern requirements for the creation of cartographic products. Therefore, there is a need to update cartographic materials in new digital formats and enter in the created database of the State Land and Urban Cadastre, ie to fill the state cadastral system with information layers. The created information layers of the Public cadastral map and the Digitals software simplify the solution of problems of geodesy, cartography and land management. Entering information into the databases of the State Geocadastre and Urban Cadastre requires the creation of modern digital cartographic materials and electronic documents. DBNs adopted in Ukraine dictate certain requirements for the creation and design of appropriate cartographic materials for the development of Master Plans of settlements. Results. Geodetic surveys were performed on the research territory by electronic measuring systems and the results of measurements in the software were processed. The constructed plan-height substantiation of the territory of the settlement made it possible to create a digital map (model) of the area – CMM in a very short time. Scientific novelty. Such Digital maps are the basis for the creation of various cartographic materials in electronic form and can serve various purposes of the national economy. Such digital maps with the help of GIS technologies can be the filling of electronic resources of different industries and serve to fill different types of information about certain objects, phenomena, ie to monitor the land. Practical significance. The result of the study was the creation of a digital map of the settlement and entry in the databases of the State Land and Urban Cadastre information about the boundaries and structure by developing appropriate urban and land management documentation.
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Gutiérrez Viñuales, M., E. Puch Sleive, and S. Chalabe. "EXPERIENCES IN CADASTRAL RESTITUTION AT A TOWN AFFECTED BY A NATURAL DISASTER. THE CASE OF VOLCAN, JUJUY PROVINCE, ARGENTINA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 4, 2019): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-343-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The use of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) as a data acquisition tool for cadastral surveying has been used for several years. The processing software and an adequate workflow make this set a powerful tool to obtain quality information quickly in order to take decisions.</p><p>This work shows the experience of using this tool and the results achieved in an urban area included in the Quebrada de Humahuaca (included in the list of World Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO) that was affected by a landslide and flooding in January of 2017. A precise and fast action was required to begin the reconstruction works of the houses that had to be demolished due to their high degree of affectation. In addition, a general update of the Cadastral Records of the town was required, which were analyzed individually from the information collected for the preparation of the Cadastral Map, the analysis of the previous cadastral information and a set of surveys carried out in each property. It includes an initial assessment of the problem, the work flow adopted, the results achieved, and a discussion of the problems detected in each phase of the work.</p>
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Kain, Roger J. P. "The Role of Cadastral Surveys and Maps in Land Settlement from England." Landscape Research 27, no. 1 (January 2002): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426390220110739.
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I.U., Vasyutinskiy, Vasyutinskaya S.I., and Oznamets V.V. "The use of applied statistical methods in cadastral surveys and assessment of developing territories." Geodesy and Aerophotosurveying 64, no. 5 (2020): 592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30533/0536-101x-2020-64-5-592-595.
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Рассмотрена технология определения необходимого объема выборки исследуемых объектов, обеспе- чивающей характеристику всей генеральной совокупности объектов с заданной вероятностью и допу- стимой погрешностью. Приведены примеры расчетов значений выборки площадей земельных участ- ков по формулам средней квадратической величины.
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Gotlib, Dariusz, and Marcin Karabin. "Integration of Models of Building Interiors with Cadastral Data." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 104, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rgg-2017-0018.
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Abstract Demands for applications which use models of building interiors is growing and highly diversified. Those models are applied at the stage of designing and construction of a building, in applications which support real estate management, in navigation and marketing systems and, finally, in crisis management and security systems. They are created on the basis of different data: architectural and construction plans, both, in the analogue form, as well as CAD files, BIM data files, by means of laser scanning (TLS) and conventional surveys. In this context the issue of searching solutions which would integrate the existing models and lead to elimination of data redundancy is becoming more important. The authors analysed the possible input- of cadastral data (legal extent of premises) at the stage of the creation and updating different models of building’s interiors. The paper focuses on one issue - the way of describing the geometry of premises basing on the most popular source data, i.e. architectural and construction plans. However, the described rules may be considered as universal and also may be applied in practice concerned may be used during the process of creation and updating indoor models based on BIM dataset or laser scanning clouds
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Park, Seula, and Ahram Song. "Discrepancy Analysis for Detecting Candidate Parcels Requiring Update of Land Category in Cadastral Map Using Hyperspectral UAV Images: A Case Study in Jeonju, South Korea." Remote Sensing 12, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030354.
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The non-spatial information of cadastral maps must be repeatedly updated to monitor recent changes in land property and to detect illegal land registrations by tax evaders. Since non-spatial information, such as land category, is usually updated by field-based surveys, it is time-consuming and only a limited area can be updated at a time. Although land categories can be updated by remote sensing techniques, the update is typically performed through manual analysis, namely through a visually interpreted comparison between the newly generated land information and the existing cadastral maps. A cost-effective, fast alternative to the current surveying methods would improve the efficiency of land management. For this purpose, the present study analyzes the discrepancy between the existing cadastral map and the actual land use. Our proposed method operates in two steps. First, an up-to-date land cover map is generated from hyperspectral unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. These images are effectively classified by a hybrid two- and three-dimensional convolutional neural network. Second, a discrepancy map, which contains the ratio of the area that is being used differently from the registered land use in each parcel, is constructed through a three-stage inconsistency comparison. As a case study, the proposed method was evaluated using hyperspectral UAV images acquired at two sites of Jeonju in South Korea. The overall classification accuracies of six land classes at Sites 1 and 2 were 99.93% and 99.75% and those at Sites 1 and 2 are 39.4% and 34.4%, respectively, which had discrepancy ratios of 50% or higher. Finally, discrepancy maps between the land cover maps and existing cadastral maps were generated and visualized. The method automatically reveals the inconsistent parcels requiring updates of their land category. Although the performance of the proposed method depends on the classification results obtained from UAV imagery, the method allows a flexible modification of the matching criteria between the land categories and land coverage. Therefore, it is generalizable to various cadastral systems and the discrepancy ratios will provide practical information and significantly reduce the time and effort for land monitoring and field surveying.
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Erenoglu, R. Cuneyt. "A comprehensive evaluation of GNSS- and CORS-based positioning and terrestrial surveying for cadastral surveys." Survey Review 49, no. 352 (February 29, 2016): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396265.2015.1104093.
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Dabove, Paolo. "The usability of GNSS mass-market receivers for cadastral surveys considering RTK and NRTK techniques." Geodesy and Geodynamics 10, no. 4 (July 2019): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2019.04.006.
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Nabila, Irtifa Alam. "Developing Plot Level Database on Land Accretion: A Case Study on Sandwip Island of Bangladesh." Journal of Social Science Studies 6, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsss.v6i2.15078.
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Erosion and accretion are continuously changing the shape, size and configuration of Sandwip Island of Bangladesh. Plot level database are very significant in order to document these changes from micro levels. For this purpose, an attempt has been made to develop plot level database about land accretion of the Island since 1913 through overlapping Mauza maps using GIS (Geographic Information System) data. Here a case study named Thak Kuchiamora mauza, experiencing alluvion located in the eastern side of the Sandwip Island has been presented from micro level. Both primary and secondary data have been used for this study. CS (Cadastral Survey) and RS (Revisional Settlement) mauza maps available from DLRS (Directorate of land records and Surveys) office has been collected and overlaid on satellite images (2016) so that the accretion context and circumstances can be detected. Plot level information has been extracted from collected mauza maps and integrating with present land cover features changing scenario has been analysed. During cadastral survey 172 plots have been recorded and in the Revisional settlement operation it increased into 502 plots due to land fragmentation. From 1970 to 2000 period the area accreted about 220 m from southwest to northeast direction. Analyzing accreted database over different period it has been concluded that from Revisional settlement operation (1970) to 2016 it has been recorded that the mauza has increased about 1185 m from west to east. The newly formed landmass of the area hasn’t stable enough for permanent land use yet.
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Ugnenko, E., E. Uzhviieva, and O. Tymchenko. "Innovative technologies for designing communication lines, geodetic support for the construction industry and improving the efficiency of specialist training." New Collegium 3, no. 101 (October 12, 2020): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/nc.2020.3.79.
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In the article it has been analyzed that modern innovative technologies for designing communication lines, geodetic support for the construction industry require solving a wide range of problems associated with the creation of state geodetic networks and the basis for cartographic and topographic surveys. It has been established that to solve current issues on the use of geographic information systems and technologies in engineering surveys, highly qualified specialists in geodetic support of the construction industry, cadastral works and land management are needed.
The basic methodological principles of training specialists in geodetic support of the construction industry are considered. Based on the proposed concept, a list of basic functions is formulated, algorithms and models for solving problems of optimizing the educational process of the university are developed.
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Martyn, Andrii, and Ivan Openko. "Differentiation of requirements for the accuracy of cadastral surveys: the value of real estate as a determining factor." Baltic Surveying 11 (November 20, 2019): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2019.016.
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For millennia, the geodesic industry has improved methods and technologies for obtaining information on the location of objects on the Earth's surface, whose key task has been to improve the accuracy and reliability of measurements. At the same time, in recent decades, the rapid development of positioning technologies based on satellite radio navigation systems has created prerequisites for a situation where the acceptable accuracy of determining the geodetic characteristics of real estate becomes quite affordable even when using non-specialized geodetic equipment, including personal mobile devices. The article shows that the error in determining the area of land for registration of rights to real estate has its own "cost", which depends on the value of real estate in the area of survey. By the example of model sites, it is shown that further improvement of the accuracy of engineering surveying to determine the spatial characteristics of real estate objects would be economically feasible only if the cost of geodetic surveys (including the cost of purchasing new geodetic equipment, payment for labor of specially trained engineers, additional technical services and etc.) will not exceed the "cost of error" to determine the area of the site. Using the example of Ukraine, it is shown that the most accurate geodetic surveys (determining turning points of land borders with an accuracy of more than 0.02 m) are economically feasible only when the market value of a land plot exceeds USD 208 per square meter.
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Zhong, Liang, Pengfei Liu, Liuzhao Wang, Zhanying Wei, Haiyan Guan, and Yongtao Yu. "A Combination of Stop-and-Go and Electro-Tricycle Laser Scanning Systems for Rural Cadastral Surveys." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 5, no. 9 (September 6, 2016): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5090160.
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Kodors, Sergejs. "Land Cover Recognition using Min-Cut/Max-Flow Segmentation and Orthoimages." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 16, 2015): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol3.171.
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The geospatial information is significant for many socio-technical activities like urban planning, the prediction of natural hazards, the monitoring of land use, weather forecasting, cadastral surveys etc. It is possible to acquire geospatial information from a distance using remote sensing technologies, but remotely sensed images don’t have semantics without a previous recognition. The classification of geospatial information is expensive and time consuming process. The paper describes the automatic land cover recognition method, which is based on min-cut/max-flow segmentation. The raw data are othoimages with a high resolution. The proposed method is tested and evaluated by Cohen’s kappa coefficient.
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Runnerstrom, E. E. "Displacement across the Cholame Segment of the San Andreas Fault between 1855 and 1893 from Cadastral Surveys." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92, no. 7 (October 1, 2002): 2659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000603.
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Grant, Lisa B., and Andrea Donnellan. "1855 and 1991 surveys of the San Andreas fault: Implications for fault mechanics." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 84, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0840020241.
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Abstract Two monuments from an 1855 cadastral survey that span the San Andreas fault in the Carrizo Plain have been right-laterally displaced 11.0 ± 2.5 m by the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake and associated seismicity and afterslip. This measurement confirms that at least 9.5 ± 0.5 m of slip occurred along the main fault trace, as suggested by measurements of offset channels near Wallace Creek. The slip varied by 2 to 3 m along a 2.6-km section of the main fault trace. Using radiocarbon dates of the penultimate large earthquake and measurements of slip from the 1857 earthquake, we calculate an apparent slip rate for the last complete earthquake cycle that is at least 25% lower than the late-Holocene slip rate on the main fault trace. Comparison of short-term broad-aperture strain accumulation rates with the narrow-aperture late-Holocene slip rate indicates that the fault behaves nearly elastically over a time scale of several earthquake cycles. Therefore, slip in future earthquakes should compensate the slip-rate deficit from the 1857 earthquake.
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Benduch, Piotr, and Paweł Hanus. "The concept of estimating usable floor area of buildings based on cadastral data." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 105, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2018-0004.
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Abstract Usable floor area is one of the most important spatial attributes of buildings and premises. It is used, for example, to determine the basis for their taxation. Unfortunately, the question of proper determination of usable floor area in Poland has remained problematic for many years, which is closely related to the occurrence of various definitions of usable floor area in the currently binding legal acts. Consequently, usable floor area is not a universal attribute. This means that in certain cases significant discrepancies may occur between the usable floor area of the same structure, determined for different purposes. In addition, despite attempts made to unify the principles for the performance of surveys of building structures and their parts, this requirement still can not be recognized as fully met. Therefore, there is no doubt that the problem of reliability and availability of data defining the usable floor area of buildings is becoming even more important in view of the introduction of the ‘ad valorem’ tax, which has been planned for years. For this reason, this paper proposes a universal, multi-variant method of estimating usable floor area based on geometric and descriptive data of buildings contained in the cadastre. The Authors, taking into account the applicable legal regulations, have considered the possibilities of practical implementation of individual variants of this specific method. They have carried out empirical tests of effectiveness of the proposed approach. They have also defined tasks for which this method of determining the usable floor area of buildings would be particularly useful.
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Varfolomeev, A. F., E. A. Kovalenko, V. F. Manukhov, and L. G. Kalashnikova. "Special features of aerial survey technology using unmanned aircraft." Geodesy and Cartography 962, no. 8 (September 20, 2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2020-962-8-58-64.
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In recent years, there have been qualitative changes in surveying associated with the use of robotic systems, such as unmanned aerial vehicles. Currently, traditional geodetic and topographic technologies are giving way to high-precision and high-performance systems using robotics. The technology of aerial photography from drones for mapping territories, operational monitoring linear structures, construction sites, as well as for engineering and underground surveys, solving cadastral matters, building realistic three-dimensional terrain models, etc., is gaining more and more popularity in the world. The transition to new technologies entails restructuring not only the methods of determining coordinates, but also the stages of pre-design and design work. The authors describes the capabilities of geographic information systems for automating some stages of field geodetic data cameral processing obtained through using unmanned aircraft. As a result of the study, it was discovered that the marks of the earth’s surface, read from the constructed digital map, are in good agreement with those obtained as a result of the ground-based geodetic survey.
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Jasińska, Elżbieta. "The implementation of spatial management as a factor supporting flood protection." E3S Web of Conferences 86 (2019): 00016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198600016.
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This publication presents the issues related to cadastre and real estate management in flood protection. Cadastral data supported by other additional data is the basis for taking action in situations of natural hazards. A real estate cadastre is an important element in the implementation of a real estate acquisition plan. It allows for preliminary assessment of the negative impact of the project, change of the concept and, as a result, expropriation and compensation regulation. In parallel with the activities related to the acquisition of real estate, it is possible to regulate the legal status of other properties. In this publication, the analysis is based on the document entitled "Plan of obtaining real estate and resettlement for the Flood Protection Project in the Odra and Vistula basin, Component 3B: Protection against Sandomierz flood and Tarnobrzeg, Contract 3B.3, flood protection Tarnobrzeg - stage 1 (Wisła 1) ". This area is the research material of actions changing the forms of land management in order to increase the safety of areas exposed to floods. The effects of carrying out this project were an important part of the work, including restrictions in the use, loss of real estate. The implementation of a flood protection project may have a negative impact on the economic status of people living in the areas where the activities were planned. These may be restrictions on the use of real estate, in particular the loss of a part or the whole of the property as a result of expropriation. Ultimately, such actions may result in the resettlement of residents. As a part of the study, the compensation for particular entities was described in detail. The results of surveys confirming the lack of a negative impact on the economic situation of people affected by the project implementation were presented.
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Lucena, Kennedy, and Fábio Gomes Do Nascimento. "Análise da operação de um subsistema do sistema de abastecimento de água de Campina Grande-PB." Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB 1, no. 45 (July 9, 2019): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-03062015v1n45p180-187.
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Water supply systems represent one of the main components of municipal infrastructure. The operation of these systems is a complex task due to the several variables that interfere with the water distribution dynamics. The objective of the work was to obtain a diagnosis of the operation of part of the water supply system of Campina Grande and to find the main limitations and potentialities of the system infrastructure. The system supplies water to several municipalities, serving an urban and a rural population of more than 500,000 inhabitants. For the operational diagnosis, hydraulic modeling was done using the Epanet 2 simulator. The operation was modeled from the water treatment plant to the pressure zone 2 of the Campina Grande system. Cadastral surveys of the water network were carried out, field surveys and interviews with the operators. Based on the scenarios analyzed it was possible to conclude that zone 2 of the supply system has little margin for increase demand , around 10%, that the system can not work outside the peak hours and the energy cost is mainly generated by the station of water treatment. In order to improve the vulnerability reduction operation, investments are required in the physical structure of the system and in monitoring and automation.
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Mašíček, Tomáš, František Toman, Martina Vičanová, and Věra Hubačíková. "Evaluation of the infiltration capacity of soil in a winter wheat stand during the growing season 2010." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 6 (2011): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159060225.
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The aim of the presented paper was to map the course of infiltration during the growing season of 2010 in a winter wheat stand on a selected locality in the Sazomín cadastral area on the basis of selected hydro-physical properties of soil (specific weight, reduced volume weight, actual soil moisture, absorptivity, retention water capacity, porosity, capillary, semi-capillary and non-capillary pores and aeration) evaluated from the analyses of undisturbed soil samples. In order to assess the infiltration capacity of soil at the U Jasana locality in the season April–October, four surveys were realized always with three measurements within each of the surveys. The measurement of infiltration took place in the form of basin irrigation. To evaluate field measurements of infiltration empirical relations were used, namely Kostiakov equations. The highest cumulative infiltration and speed of infiltration were noted in June at the high actual soil moisture and closed stand. In case of October measurement, effects of agro-technical operations became evident on the slightly lower infiltration capacity of soil as compared to June measurements at nearly identical moisture conditions. The lowest infiltration capacity of soil reaching the same level, namely in spite of different moisture conditions and the stand character (July – full-grown stand, August – stubble-field) was found in July and August.
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Bennett, Rohan M., Paul van der Molen, and Jaap A. Zevenbergen. "Fitted, Green, and Volunteered: Legal and Survey Complexities of Future Boundary Systems." GEOMATICA 66, no. 3 (September 2012): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2012-038.
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The disparity between the legal understanding of boundaries and their surveyed location is explained. The impacts of this disparity on three boundary fabrics issues: survey-accuracy; greening cadastres; and crowd-sourced cadastres are then examined. The features are selected based on contemporary discourse within the domain of land administration. Survey-accuracy is found to be a confused, misused, and often politicized term. The concept of idealization precision should be revisited and embedded into both curriculum and cadastral design. Green boundaries, at least some forms, are already handled in some systems; however, newer varieties require better tools for adjudication, demarcation, survey, recording, and adherence. Crowdsourced data can be understood as a re-emergence of deeds style registration with its associated benefits and disadvantages. It might support existing cadastral systems, particularly those that lack complete coverage; however, it may also be used to publicize discontent with these existing systems. The paper illustrates lessons, threats, and opportunities for land practitioners involved with the establishment and maintenance of the legal boundary fabric.
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Ribeiro, S. C. L., M. Jarzabek-Rychard, J. P. Cintra, and H. G. Maas. "DESCRIBING THE VERTICAL STRUCTURE OF INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS ON THE BASIS OF LIDAR DATA – A CASE STUDY FOR <i>FAVELAS</i> (SLUMS) IN SAO PAULO CITY." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-2/W5 (May 29, 2019): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-2-w5-437-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Cadastral mapping of <i>favela</i>’s agglomerated buildings in informal settlements at Level of Detail 1 (LoD1) usually requires specific surveys and extensive manual data processing. Therefore, there is a demand for including the <i>favelas</i> in the city map production on the basis of Lidar surveys, as well as the detection of their vertical growth. However, the currently developed algorithms for automatically extracting buildings from airborne Lidar data have mainly been tested only for regular building reconstruction. This study aims to develop a Lidar data processing pipeline enabling to compute metrics related to intraurban informal settlements. To do so, we present a procedure to generate <i>favela</i>’s buildings delineation, height, floors’ number and built area and apply them to six case studies in <i>favela</i> typo-morphologies. We conducted an exploratory analysis in order to obtain the adequate parameters of the processing pipeline and its evaluation, using open source, free license and self-developed software. The results are compared to reference data from the manual stereo plotting, achieving a quality index in the building reconstruction about 70%. We also calculated the growth density, measured by gross Floor Area Ratio index inside settlement, revealing values from 29% to 74% considering different time periods.</p>