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Laubsch, Christoph. ""Zur Einscharrung der Cadaver"." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-230385.
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"Zur Einscharrung der Cadaver" befasst sich als erste wissenschaftliche Arbeit mit den Begräbnispraktiken und den Begräbnisorten der anatomischen Einrichtungen in Dresden von 1748 bis 1864. Dabei konnte festgestellt werden, dass es sich bei den Begräbnissen um keine ehrvollen christlichen Bestattungen handelte und wo sich diese ehemaligen Bestattungsplätze im heutigen Stadtbild präzise verorten lassen. Die Ergebnisse zu den Begräbnispraktiken sind zudem Erkenntnisse, welche deutschland-, ja sogar weltweit bisher einmalig sind und weitere Fragen eröffnen.
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Weiler, Michael D. "Formaldehyde Exposure During Cadaver Transport." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1481306849010601.
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Tolis, Benjamin. "PARASITIC OPERATIONS: TO INHABIT A CADAVER." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281361.
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My project takes place in Athens, address Lagoumitzi 15. The plan is to undertake and give life to the huge skeleton-like unfinished structure there. I transform the "skeleton" to a center for urban art, street art. My ambition is for the buidling to become the epicentre for street art in Athens. Since I am designing the building for a non-conformist group of people, graffiti artists, I choose to approach the project by trying to mimic the parasitic art form that is graffiti, in architecture. I wanted the building to radiate the same energy as the artform it is devoted to, and its intended users. The method I am working with is a parasitic method originally by Andrew Benjamin.
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Nesbitt, Craig. "Human cadaver endovascular training : the establishment and validation of a fresh frozen pulsatile human cadaver endovascular training model." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2604.
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Aims: The current study had the following aims: 1. Establish an effective pulsatile human cadaver pulsatile flow model (PHCM). 2. Explore the acceptability of PHCM 3. Assess the face and construct validity of PHCM. 4. Compare the effectiveness and transferability of endovascular skills taught on PHCM versus a virtual reality simulator (VRS). 5. Examine the role of video-enhanced feedback during technical skills training. Methods: 1. Cadaveric experiments were conducted at a licensed research facility: Newcastle Surgical Training Centre (NSTC). 2. Structured questionnaires were used to explore public and professional opinion. 3. Face and construct validity were assessed in a standard manner using practitioners of varying levels of experience. 4. Novice candidates were recruited and completed the same training regime on PHCM or VRS before crossing over onto the alternate model to compare the effectiveness of PMCH and transferability of endovascular skills. All performances were recorded and scored by two blinded experts using a validated clinical scoring tool. 5. Novice candidates were assessed performing a basic suturing exercise before and after varying forms of feedback (including video enhanced feedback). Results: 1. A PHCM was successfully created. 2. Patients and professionals support cadaveric endovascular training but expressed some reservations over its feasibility. 3. Expert practitioners confirmed the models face validity. PHCM has construct validity in differentiating between novice candidates and both intermediate (p=0.000)* level and expert (p=0.000) practitioners (improved overall procedure score (OPS)). 4. PHCM training improved candidate’s quantitative parameters (Time p=0.000, Fluoroscopy p=0.026, Contrast p=0.008) and clinical performance scores (p=0.000)*. Both PHCM and VRS demonstrated transferability of basic endovascular skills. 5. Video feedback is superior to a structured lecture (OPS) and individualized feedback was not superior to unsupervised video-enhanced feedback (p=1.000*). Conclusion: PHCM is a feasible, valid and effective model for training basic endovascular skills. The role of unsupervised video feedback could further enhance technical skills training and warrants further investigation.
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Stokes, Kathryn Lisa. "Soil-cadaver interactions in a burial environment." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Life and Physical Sciences, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0065.
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Forensic taphonomy is concerned with investigation of graves and grave sites. The primary aim of forensic taphonomy is development of accurate estimations of postmortem interval (PMI) and/or postburial interval (PBI). Soil has previously been largely ignored, therefore this thesis is designed to investigate changes in decomposition as imparted by the soil. Furthermore the impact of cadaver interment on the surrounding soil may offer prospects for identification of clandestine graves. A series of laboratory controlled decomposition experiments using cadavers (Mus musculus) and cadaver analogues (skeletal muscle tissue (SMT); Sus scrofa, Homo sapiens, Ovis aries and Bos Taurus) were designed to investigate decomposition in burial environments. Sequential destructive harvests were carried out to monitor temporal changes during decomposition. Analyses conducted included; mass loss, microbial activity (CO2 respiration) and soil chemistry (pH, EC and extractable NH4 +, NO3 -, PO4 3- and K+). Several experimental variables were tested; frozen-thawed versus refrigerated SMT, different mammalian sources of SMT, different soil type and contribution of soil versus enteric microbial communities. Mass loss measurements for SMT experiments demonstrated a sigmoidal pattern of mass loss, however, larger cadavers (Mus musculus, 5 weeks) did not. The inhumation of SMT (frozen, unfrozen, different mammalian sources) or cadavers leads to an increase in microbial activity (CO2 respiration) within 24 hours of burial. A peak of microbial activity is attained within a week, followed by a decrease and eventual plateau. The rapid influx in microbial activity is matched by corresponding increases in pH and NH4 + concentration. pH and NH4 + are strongly correlated in soils with acidic basal pH, by comparison highly alkaline soil demonstrated no relationship. NH4 + concentration also appeared to be related directly to NO3 - concentration and cadaver or SMT mass. A decrease in NH4 + corresponds with an increase in NO3 -, however, nitrification was unpredictable. Rapid nitrification was observed in sand systems when SMT was interred, but was not noted when cadavers were interred. By comparison both sandy clay loam and loamy sand soils demonstrated rapid nitrification after inhumation of a cadaver. When cadaver or cadaver analogue mass was larger, so were NH4 + and NO3 - concentrations in systems that experienced nitrification.
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Ellis, Michael, Joseph Nelson, Jeffrey Kartchner, Karl Yousef, William Adamas-Rappaport, and Richard Amini. "Cadaver-based abscess model for medical training." DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623112.
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Ultrasound imaging is a rapid and noninvasive tool ideal for the imaging of soft tissue infections and is associated with a change of clinician management plans in 50% of cases. We developed a realistic skin abscess diagnostic and therapeutic training model using fresh frozen cadavers and common, affordable materials. Details for construction of the model and suggested variations are presented. This cadaver-based abscess model produces high-quality sonographic images with internal echogenicity similar to a true clinical abscess, and is ideal for teaching sonographic diagnostic skills in addition to the technical skills of incision and drainage or needle aspiration.
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King, Pamela Margaret. "Contexts of the cadaver tomb in fifteenth century England." Thesis, University of York, 1987. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4274/.
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Russell, David F. "Non-invasive quantification of knee kinematics : a cadaver study." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6300/.
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The ability to quantify kinematic parameters of the knee is crucial in understanding normal biomechanics, recognising the presence of pathology and its severity, planning treatment and evaluation of outcomes. Current methods of quantifying lower limb kinematics remain limited in allowing accurate dynamic assessment. Computer assisted surgery systems have been validated in quantifying kinematic parameters, but remain limited to the operative setting. Recently, image-free computer assisted surgery technology has been adapted for non-invasive use and validated in terms of repeatability in measuring coronal and sagittal femorotibial mechanical alignment in extension. The aim of this thesis was to develop and implement a set of validation protocols to quantify the reliability, precision and accuracy of this non-invasive technology in quantifying lower limb coronal and sagittal femorotibial mechanical alignment, anteroposterior and rotatory laxity of the knee by comparison with a validated, commercially available image-free computer assisted surgery system. Pilot study confirmed feasibility of further experimental work and revealed that the noninvasive method measured with satisfactory precision and accuracy: coronal mechanical femorotibial alignment (MFTA) from extension to 30° knee flexion, anteroposterior translation in extension and tibial rotatory laxity during flexion. Further experiments using 12 fresh cadaveric limbs revealed that the non-invasive method gave satisfactory precision and agreement with the invasive system measuring MFTA without stress from extension to 40° knee flexion, and with 15Nm coronal stress from extension to 30° knee flexion. Using 100N of anterior force on the tibia, the non-invasive system was acceptably precise and accurate in measuring sagittal tibial displacement from extension to 40° flexion. End of range apprehension, such as has been proven repeatable in measuring tibial rotatory laxity was used and the non-invasive method gave superior 3 precision and accuracy to most reported non-invasive devices in quantifying tibial rotatory range of motion. Non-invasive optical tracking systems provide a means to quantify important kinematic parameters in health and disease, and could allow standardisation of knee examination increasing communicability and translation of findings from the out-patient to operative setting. This technology therefore could allow restoration of individual specific kinematics in knee arthroplasty and soft-tissue reconstruction.
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Lothe, Abhijit V. "Virtual Cadaver Navigation System: Using Virtual Reality For Learning Human Anatomy." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001288.
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Thompson, Julie Ann. "Design, construction, and validation of a cadaver knee motion testing device." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32034.
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Williams, Eleanor. "Fresh cadaver to skeletal matter : text, practice and the Cluniac death-course." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/377293/.
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This study examines how the dead were engaged with, treated and managed by one of the most influential of medieval monastic orders, the Cluniacs. At the heart of this study is a consideration of the eleventh-century Cluniac customaries. These invaluable yet under-exploited texts prescribe in minute detail how the dying, the dead body and the monk’s memory should be physically and spiritually treated and commemorated. Through them we see a highly ritualised approach to the body, structured by interplay of repetitive symbolic actions, combined with the practical requirements of treating and disposing of a cadaver. These texts were intended to regulate daily life at Cluny, and of her dependencies and affiliates (Paxton 1993a: 1), for as Abbot Hugh’s statute in 1200 directed, ‘as we are one congregation and order, we should conform in all things’ (Constable 2010: 140). They have, however, been described as ‘living texts’ (Kerr 2007: 14) and the practices they prescribe termed, ‘adaptable to local needs and desires’ (Constable 1976: 160-161). An integration of osteological and archaeological evidence has permitted a direct examination of the extent to which this was the case for the treatment of the dead. Specifically, it questions how far Cluny could impose conformity in funerary practice amongst its dependencies, which although members of the same familia, varied considerably by ‘type’ of house and geographical location. The varied ways in which Cluniac customary practice could be adapted and the diverse temporal and spatial factors influencing conformity and digression are thus addressed. Over 400 burials from four well-excavated Cluniac sites in England and France (dating predominantly from the late-eleventh through to the fifteenth century) form the comparative data-sets, where their rich archaeological and osteological documentation has permitted a direct examination of text versus practice. These sites represent two very different types of establishment: the large, original foundations of Bermondsey Abbey (London), Lewes Priory (Sussex) and La Charité-sur-Loire (Burgundy), and the smaller reformed house of Beaumont-sur-Oise (Picardy). This study has thus moved beyond individual house-specific enquiries or broad inter-order comparisons to a detailed examination of how diverse houses within one order responded to the spiritual and practical requirements of managing the dead. Novel in a British later medieval context, the taphonomic approach of anthropologie de terrain has been successfully applied post-excavation using burial photographs and associated archival material. Placing the body at the centre of enquiry, this approach has permitted a more accurate reconstruction (in the absence of ‘direct’ archaeological indicators) of the multiplicity of acts performed to and for the body in each stage of the Cluniac funerary procedure. It has permitted detailed analysis of pre-burial body preparation, interment strategies and post-burial treatment of disturbed remains, as the deceased were manipulated and re-integrated in varying ways within the funerary landscapes. The concept of the ‘death-course’ has been introduced to envisage this continual inter-related cultural and biological process; the body and soul are physically and spiritually ‘managed’ by the living, whilst the corpse is simultaneously transforming through the natural processes of decomposition and decay. Situating the deceased within this framework has helped direct enquiry towards Cluniac attitudes and responses to the dead body in each stage of the death-course, as it evolved from fresh cadaver through to skeletal matter. The results have demonstrated that a complex and dynamic relationship existed between each of the houses, their relative adherence to the customaries, and their attitudes to the dead. Influence from pre-existing monastic customaries and local traditions, developments in Cluniac customary practice, reform pressures, economic practicalities, varied emphasis on doctrinal and folkloric teachings/beliefs and broader social, political and religious changes all contributed to spatial and temporal variability in adherence. Crucially, underlying this was also the practical and unpredictable requirements of managing the realities of death: the biologically and possible spiritually unstable ‘dynamic cadaver’ (Nilsson 1998). As well as relative distance from Cluny, the ‘type’ of house was shown to be paramount; circumstances of foundation and community size greatly influenced spiritual and practical responses to the dead. This was also the case on a smaller scale, where the specific burial location was shown to directly influence how the physical and metaphysical manifestations of death were viewed, handled and managed. For Cluny’s dependencies examined here, the customaries were shown on the whole to be highly theoretical in terms of the death and burial rites. They promulgated a carefully selected or ‘ideal’ image of Cluniac spirituality, which may have been more attainable for Cluny, but practically unrealistic for many of the diverse houses under its rule. This study has revealed, however, that customary influence in funerary practice could be more subtle and indirect. A closer and more holistic scrutiny of these texts, alongside the anthropologie de terrain assessment, has revealed that the dead body (in various stages of decomposition) could fulfil diverse roles. The customaries carefully structured and directed daily practice towards cementing and reaffirming community bonds, perpetual meditation on death and continual commemoration of the dead. A number of the identified practices, particularly those relating to the management of disturbed remains, mirrored this structuring. Through handling and staging of the deceased’s body, it could acquire new meaning and purpose as a ‘tool’ for reflecting on death, as a malleable entity for promulgating Cluniac ideals, and as an ‘object’ around which a shared Cluniac identity and community bond could be created and maintained.
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Guettler, Allison Jean. "Quantifying the Response of Relative Brain/Skull Motion to Rotational Input in the PMHS Head." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82400.
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Post-mortem human surrogate (PMHS) head specimens were subjected to two different angular speed pulses. Each pulse was approximately a half-sine with either a peak angular speed of either 40 or 20 rad/s and duration of either 30 or 60 milliseconds. High-speed biplane x-ray was used to record the motion of the brain and skull via radio-opaque markers implanted at specified locations in the brain, and lead markers on the skull. Specimens were perfused to physiologic conditions throughout preparation and testing to maintain the integrity of the brain tissue and ensure coupling of the brain and skull. Intracranial pressure was measured anteriorly and posteriorly. The test event was controlled by a cam-follower-flywheel mechanism, which facilitated control of pulse parameters and provided a form of "infinite energy" so that the device and therefore the test input would not be influenced by the characteristics of the object under test. This approach kept the independent and dependent variables separated. The brain targets were also deployed in a prescribed manner with two methodologies that were scalable to different specimens. The repeatable input and target deployment schemes helped reduce experimental variation (between tests and subjects) to produce consistent response data. Displacement of the brain was calculated with respect to a body-fixed basis on the skull. The relative motion of the brain with respect to the skull was shown to be dependent on the location of the target in the brain. The major deformation axis of each target followed the contour of the skull or bony landmark to which it was closest. Intracranial pressure was relatively low because the changes were due to inertial effects in the absence of impact. Tests with lower speeds and longer durations produced less deformation, lower intracranial pressures, and longer pressure durations than the tests that were high-speed, short-duration. The response of the brain to rotation of the head was quantified at two test levels and on two PMHS specimens.Master of Science
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Junior, José Wilson Serbino. "Comparação biomecânica do canto póstero-lateral do joelho com e sem reconstrução: estudo em cadáveres." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-06102007-110815/.
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O objetivo desta dissertação foi avaliar biomecanicamente o papel da aplicação de uma técnica cirúrgica utilizando os tendões dos músculos semitendíneo e grácil na reconstrução anatômica de lesão criada no canto póstero-lateral do joelho. Foram estudados 10 joelhos de cadáveres nas situações intacto, lesado, parcialmente reconstruído e reconstruído. As principais estruturas do canto póstero-lateral do joelho foram seccionadas para criar o padrão de lesão. Os momentos de força aplicados foram 2 N.m e 5 N.m, com o joelho a 0º, 30º, 60º ou 90º de flexão. Foi também calculada a rigidez do joelho em cada uma das situações nas diferentes posições testadas. Os ensaios foram realizados em dispositivo criado no Laboratório de Biomecânica LIM-41 da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, e os dados de deformação angular foram obtidos através de programa de fotogoniometria. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a análise estatística pela Análise de Variância para Experimento em Blocos Aleatorizados e os tratamentos foram comparados entre si pelo método de Scheffé. Foi possível concluir que: 1) A técnica empregada não corrigiu completamente o aumento da rotação externa. 2)A técnica empregada restaurou a estabilidade em varo.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of a surgical technique for anatomical reconstruction of the structures from the posterolateral corner of the knee. We tested 10 cadaver knees with intact, ruptured, partially reconstructed and reconstructed ligaments. The main posterolatreal structures were cut to produce a lesion pattern. The applied force moments were of 2 N.m and 5 N.m with the knee flexed to 0, 30, 60 and 90 degrees. The stiffness of the knee in each of these situations at the studied angles was also determined. The assays were carried through in a device created at the Laboratory of Biomechanics LIM-41 from of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine. Data from the angular deformation were obtained through a photographic measurement aided by computer software. The results were submitted to ANOVA and the treatments had been compared using statistical method of Scheffé. It was possible to conclude that: 1) The technique employed wasn?t able to restore normal external rotation. 2) The technique employed restored varus stability.
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Benkhadra, Mehdi. "La méthode d'embaumement cadavérique de Thiel : une révolution anatomique pour l'enseignement et la recherche médicale par la simulation en chirurgie et en anesthésiologie." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS032.
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La méthode de conservation des cadavres selon Walter Thiel a été publiée en 1992. Cette technique, contrairement aux techniques classiques, permet de garder au cadavre une certaine souplesse, proche du sujet vivant. Depuis sa description initiale, cette technique s’est peu développée, malgré des possibilités très intéressantes pour les cliniciens soucieux d’apprendre et de perfectionner leurs gestes médico-chirurgicaux par simulation. En effet, la simulation en médecine est en train d’apporter une révolution pédagogique afin que les étudiants n’apprennent plus directement sur le patient les gestes à potentiel iatrogène important, mais sur des simulateurs. La question soulevée par notre travail est celle de ce double paradoxe : la technique de Thiel est très intéressante mais pourtant ne se développe pas beaucoup, et d’autre part, la simulation connait un essor considérable mais ne prend pas beaucoup en compte le potentiel de l’apprentissage sur cadavres. A la lumière de plusieurs travaux explorant divers aspects de la méthode de Thiel, nous démontrerons les possibilités des cadavres conservés par cette méthode en termes d’applications cliniques pour l’enseignement et la recherche par simulation en anesthésie et en chirurgieWalter Thiel’s method for the preservation of cadavers was published in 1992. Unlike conventional preservation techniques, this method provides a spectacular lifelike flexibility. Despite of its interesting possibilities in learning and training for clinical practitioners, this technique has had a poor development around the world. Simulation represents a revolution in medical education because it allows students to train before act on real patients, particularly the situations with a high iatrogenic risk. The question raised by our work is that this double paradox: the Thiel’s method is very interesting but still not well developed, and secondly, the simulation has expanded enormously but does not take much account of the potential learning on cadavers. In several studies exploring various aspects of Thiel’s method, we will demonstrate the possibilities of cadavers preserved by this method in terms of clinical applications for teaching and research in the fields of simulation in anesthesia and surgery
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Howes, Meghan K. "Injury Mechanisms, Tissue Properties, and Response of the Post-Mortem Human Abdomen in Frontal Impact." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/24382.
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Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are a leading cause of injuries and injury-related fatalities in the United States. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reported over 21,250 vehicle occupant fatalities in 2011, with 1,240,000 injuries sustained by passenger car occupants alone. MVCs are a common cause of blunt abdominal injuries. It has been reported that approximately 9,000 front seat occupants sustain moderate to severe abdominal injuries in frontal MVCs in the United States each year. A detailed understanding of the occurrence and mechanisms of abdominal injuries, as well as knowledge of the biomechanical response and tolerance of the abdomen in crash-specific loading modes, could benefit the reduction of abdominal organ injury incidence in MVCs. Therefore, the objective of the research presented in this dissertation was to characterize abdominal injury mechanisms, tissue failure thresholds, and internal organ response to blunt impacts of the abdomen. Field accident data from the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) database were analyzed to determine the occupant and crash characteristics associated with crash-induced hollow abdominal organ injuries. Dynamic equibiaxial tension tests were conducted on tissue samples obtained from the human post-mortem stomach, small intestine, and colon to characterize the material properties and failure tolerance of these tissues. The effects of cadaver orientation on the relative position of the abdominal organs of two cadavers were quantified, and high-speed biplane x-ray imaging was used to investigate the relative kinematics of the thoracic and abdominal organs of four cadavers in response to crash-specific loading modes. Test configurations included blunt abdominal and thoracic impacts and driver-shoulder seatbelt loading. The motivation for this research was to advance efforts toward abdominal organ injury mitigation in MVCs, with each aspect of this research generating novel injury biomechanics data with applications for future experimental testing and finite element modeling.Ph. D.
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Novaes, Hugo Fabiano Fernandes de. "Análise do comprimento ureteral em cadáveres adultos." Escola de Medicina e Saúde Pública, 2012. http://www7.bahiana.edu.br//jspui/handle/bahiana/50.
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Hugo Fabiano Fernandes de Novaes.pdf: 538652 bytes, checksum: 783adecb7d1066d3ec1f2807d7abe6d5 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T01:22:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hugo Fabiano Fernandes de Novaes.pdf: 538652 bytes, checksum: 783adecb7d1066d3ec1f2807d7abe6d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Em algumas situações, correlações entre diferentes estruturas do corpo humano poderiam auxiliar no planejamento de cirurgias intra-abdominais. O conhecimento do comprimento do ureter permitiria um planejamento cirúrgico pré-operatório, reduzindo gastos com exames; auxiliaria também na escolha do cateter duplo-J, reduzindo sintomatologia e morbidade, aumentando a aderência ao tratamento. Objetivo: Avaliar o comprimento ureteral em cadáveres adultos e analisar suas correlações com determinadas medidas antropométricas. Desenho do estudo: estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico. Materiais e métodos: realizamos mensuração do comprimento ureteral de cadáveres adultos, encaminhados para necropsia entre abril de 2009 e janeiro de 2012. Adicionalmente, coletamos as seguintes medidas: altura, distância ombro-punho, cotovelo-punho, xifo-umbilical, distância umbigo-púbis, distância xifo-púbica e distância entre espinhas ilíacas. Analisamos as correlações entre o comprimento ureteral e as demais medidas antropométricas. Resultados: Foram dissecados os ureteres de 115 cadáveres adultos no período entre abril/2009 e janeiro/2012. O comprimento ureteral médio não variou o gênero, nem com a estatura. Não foi encontrada correlação entre o comprimento ureteral e as medidas antropométricas pesquisadas na população geral analisada, bem como nos subgrupos analisados. Não se evidenciou diferenças significantes entre as medidas dos ureteres direito e esquerdo. Conclusões: Não há diferença no comprimento ureteral médio entre as diferentes faixas de altura e entre os gêneros masculino e feminino. Não há correlação significante entre o comprimento ureteral e as demais medidas antropométricas.
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Van, der Berg Kerri. "An investigation of the brachial plexus and surrounding anatomical structures in a southern African cadaver sample." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3209.
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Chatel, Daniel Mark. "The cadaver experience: The effects of self-esteem and denial on existential terror in medical students." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185930.
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Eighty-four medical students at the University of Arizona were administered measures of self-esteem, medical attitudes, social desirability, purpose in life, satisfaction with life, state and trait anxiety one week before their first cadaver dissecting experience. On the day of the experience, half of the subjects completed these measures again in addition to a death anxiety scale just prior to their first cadaver exposure. The other half completed these measures immediately after their first cadaver exposure. Results found main effects of self-esteem with high self-esteem subjects endorsing higher purpose in life and medical attitudes and lower state anxiety and death anxiety. Time by condition interactions were found for state anxiety and purpose in life, with both significantly higher in subjects assessed following exposure to the cadaver. Finally, a main effect for condition was also seen with regard to fear of death, with those exposed to the cadaver scoring significantly higher. Implications with regard to terror management theory and medical education were discussed. In particular, the results tend to support the notion of self-esteem as a psychological buffer against the existential anxiety resulting from an awareness of mortality. Further, results also suggest that cadaver dissection is a powerful emotional experience for physicians in training, significantly affecting their attitudes and requiring sensitivity of medical educators to the psychological impact of cadaver dissection.
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Geldenhuys, Elsje-Marie. "A morphological assessment of the health status of a cadaver population at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, with special reference to tuberculosis (TB) Lesion distribution." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95764.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic pulmonary infection characterized by granulomatous inflammation, caseating necrosis and a propensity to develop fibrosis and cavitations. Pulmonary TB (PTB) lesions may develop in a variety of ways and can be grouped into primary, secondary, progressive primary and miliary TB based on their pathogenesis and morphological appearance. The Western Cape Province, South Africa, has a high TB burden with increasing TB notification rates. At Stellenbosch University (SU), approximately 90% of cadavers used for medical dissections come from impoverished communities where TB is a major health problem in terms of morbidity. The aim of the present study was to assess the health status of a cadaver population (n=127) at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), SU, with special reference to TB lesion distribution and prevalence. For this study, full-body digital X-rays of 127 cadavers (87 males; 40 females; average age, 47.1 years) were obtained with the Lodox® Statscan® Imaging System after embalming and prior to dissection. A complete pathology report of six organ systems including the skeletal system was used in combination with histological examination, molecular analysis and radiological findings to investigate the prevalence and association between TB and systemic pathology. Samples for histological purposes were removed from organs with pathology lesions. For molecular studies, five different nucleic acid extraction methods were used to extract DNA from the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cadaver samples. Pulmonary samples were subjected to a line probe assay (LPA) and polymerase chain reactions (PCR) to determine mycobacterial genotypic distribution. Two independent radiologists examined the chest X-rays and their findings were compared with the pulmonary findings. PTB was a common finding in the cadaver population (76.4%) with males more commonly affected. A female predilection was observed for extrapulmonary TB. Statistically, TB was associated with pulmonary pathology, including pneumonia and bronchiectasis. Systemic pathology commonly encountered in the present study included neoplasms, coronary artery disease, colonic diverticula, hepatic triaditis, cirrhosis, glomerulosclerosis, pyelonephritis and a variety of healed maxillofacial and appendicular skeletal fractures. Extracted nucleic acid concentrations, as determined with the NanoDrop® spectrophotometer, ranged between 10ng/μl and 1000ng/μl. The standard salting-out method was found to be the most cost-effective and therefore the preferred method for nucleic acid extraction. The HAIN® MTBDRplus® kit was effective in determining the presence of mycobacterial species belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). The sensitivity to first-line drugs could not be determined as a result of DNA degradation. Spoligotyping was unsuccessful, as incomplete and unidentifiable hybridization of the 43 spacers occurred. The RD105 and MUB02/RD105 PCR results were non-reproducible and non-specific. Pulmonary cavitation and pleural thickening were the only findings that were positively correlated with the radiological findings (p<0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first study to extensively investigate TB and systemic pathology including histopathology, molecular techniques and postmortem radiology in cadavers from low socio-economic backgrounds from a high TB burden area. This study therefore provides a more complete and thorough understanding of the prevalence, distribution and morphology of TB lesions as well as the association between TB and systemic pathology.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tuberkulose (TB) is a kroniese, pulmonêre infeksie gekenmerk deur granulomateuse ontsteking, verkasende nekrose en ’n neiging om fibrose en kavitasies te ontwikkel. Pulmonêre TB (PTB) letsels kan op verskeie wyses ontwikkel en kan, gebaseer op patogenese en morfologiese voorkoms, geklassifiseer word as primêre, sekondêre, progressiewe primêre of miliêre TB. Die Wes-Kaap provinsie, Suid-Afrika, het ’n hoë TB las met toenemende TB aanmeldingskoerse. Ongeveer 90% van die kadawers wat by die Universiteit Stellenbosch (US) gebruik word vir mediese disseksies kom van verarmde gemeenskappe waar TB ’n groot gesondheidsprobleem is in terme van die siektesyfer. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die gesondheidstoestand te bepaal van ’n kadawerpopulasie (n=127) by die Fakulteit Geneeskunde en Gesondheidswetenskappe (FGG), US, met spesifieke verwysing na die verspreiding en voorkoms van TB letsels. Digitale X-strale van die hele liggaam van 127 kadawers (87 manlik; 40 vroulik; gemiddelde ouderdom, 47.1 jaar) na balseming en voor disseksie is met behulp van die Lodox® Statscan® Imaging System bekom. ’n Volledige patologie-verslag van ses orgaanstelsels, die skeletstelsel ingesluit, is in kombinasie met histologiese ondersoeke, molekulêre ontleding en radiologiese bevindinge gebruik om die voorkoms van en assosiasie tussen TB en sistemiese patologie te ondersoek. Monsters vir histologiese studie is van organe met patologiese letsels geneem. Vir molekulêre studies is vyf verskillende nukleïensuur ekstraksie-metodes gebruik om DNS uit die formalien-gefikseerde paraffien-ingebed kadawermonsters te ekstraheer. Pulmonêre monsters is onderwerp aan ’n lyn-ondersoek-toets (“line probe assay”) en polimerase-kettingreaksies (PKR) om mikobakteriële genotipiese verspreiding te bepaal. Twee onafhanklike radioloë het die bors X-strale ondersoek en hulle bevindinge is vergelyk met die pulmonêre bevindinge. PTB is ’n algemene bevinding in die kadawerpopulasie (76.4%) met mans wat meer dikwels geaffekteer is. ’n Vroulike voorkeur vir ekstrapulmonêre TB is waargeneem. TB is statisties geassosieër met pulmonêre patologie, longontsteking en brongiëktase. Sistemiese patologie wat algemeen gevind is in die huidige studie sluit in neoplasmas, koronêre hartsiekte, kolon divertikula, lewer triaditis, sirrose, glomerulosklerose, piëlonefritis en ’n verskeidenheid geneesde maksillofasiale en appendikulêre skeletale frakture. Geëkstraheerde nukleïensuur-konsentrasies, soos bepaal met die NanoDrop® spektrofotometer, het gewissel tussen10ng/μl en 1000ng/μl. Daar is gevind dat die standaard uitsoutings-metode die mees koste-effektief en dus die voorkeur-metode nukleïensuur ekstraksie-metode was. Die HAIN® MTBDRplus® toets was effektief om die aanwesigheid van mikobakteriële spesies wat aan die Mycobacterium tuberculosis kompleks behoort, te bepaal. Sensitiwiteit vir eerste-linie middels kon nie bepaal word nie as gevolg van DNS degradasie. Spoligotipering was onsuksesvol omdat onvoltooide en onidentifiseerbare hibridisasie van die 43 merkers plaasgevind het. Die RD105 en MUB02/RD105 PCR resultate was nie-herhaalbaar en nie-spesifiek. Pulmonêre kavitasie en pleurale verdikking was die enigste bevindinge wat positief gekorreleer is met die radiologiese bevindinge (p<0.05). Na ons wete is hierdie studie die eerste een wat TB en sistemiese patologie ekstensief ondersoek en gebruik maak van histopatologie, molekulêre tegnieke en nadoodse radiologie in kadawers van lae sosio-ekonomiese agtergronde vanaf ’n area met ’n hoë TB las. Hierdie studie verskaf dus ’n meer volledige en deeglike begrip van die voorkoms, verspreiding en morfologie van TB letsels sowel as die assosiasie tussen TB en sistemiese patologie.
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Roush, Grant Corwin. "Finding Cadaveric Human Head Masses and Center of Gravity: A Comparison of Direct Measurement to 3D ing." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1282766380.
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Cristino, Danielle M. "Lower Extremity Biomechanical Response of Female and Male Post-Mortem Human Surrogates to High-Rate Vertical Loading During Simulated Under-Body Blast Events." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96151.
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During an under-body blast (UBB) event, an improvised explosive device (IED) delivers a high-energy blast beneath a military vehicle, exposing mounted Warfighters to considerable risk of severe lower extremity injuries. Loftis and Gillich (2014) determined that the lower leg and ankle region is the most common body region to sustain skeletal injury in military mounted combat events, comprising twenty-one percent of cases reported in the Joint Trauma Analysis and Prevention of Injuries in Combat (JTAPIC) database between 2010 and 2012. Injuries of the lower extremity are not always life-threatening. However, from a survivability standpoint, these injuries may affect the ability of the Warfighter to self-extricate and ambulate in the immediate aftermath of an UBB event. In addition, lower extremity injuries can lead to long term health complications and reduced quality of life (Dischinger et al., 2004). While some comparisons can be drawn from the study of civilian automotive crashes; the impact level, rate, location, and directions in UBB are fundamentally different for the lower extremity. Therefore, substantial research efforts to characterize and assess injuries unique to UBB are essential. The Warrior Injury Assessment Manikin (WIAMan), the Tech Demonstrator version of which was introduced by Pietsch et al. (2016), is the only anthropomorphic test device (ATD) designed to evaluate injury patterns in UBB conditions. However, there are no known injury assessment tools for the female Warfighter at this time. The overarching goal of this research effort is to determine the origin of potential differences in the response of females and males in UBB conditions. The results of this work contribute to the body of research concerning high-rate axial loading of the lower extremity and form the first detailed biomechanical account of UBB effects on female PMHS. This work will inform future decisions regarding the requirements for a valid injury assessment capability for female Warfighters in the UBB environment and the subsequent research needed to support those requirements. Ultimately, advancements can be made in modeling and simulation capabilities, injury assessment criteria, test methodologies, and design approaches for safer military ground vehicles and personal protective equipment (PPE). Improvements in these technologies will reduce morbidity and mortality rates among the U.S. Warfighter population, both male and female.During an under-body blast (UBB) event, an improvised explosive device (IED) delivers a high-energy blast beneath a military vehicle. Energy from the explosive is imparted to the occupants primarily through the floor and seats of the vehicle, exposing the occupants to considerable risk of injuries to the lower extremity. Compared to civilian automotive crashes, the lower extremities of occupants in UBB scenarios are exposed to greater forces, applied at higher rates, and in different locations and directions. To improve current vehicle systems and personal protective equipment (PPE), it is crucial to develop tools to evaluate injuries in UBB scenarios. One such tool is a test dummy, which is designed to quantify loads, deflections, and accelerations experienced by occupants during a crash. These measured values are compared to accepted thresholds, above which injury is likely to occur. The Warrior Injury Assessment Manikin (WIAMan), which is representative of the 50th-percentile male, is the only test dummy designed to evaluate injuries in UBB conditions. However, there are no known injury assessment tools for the female Warfighter at this time. The overarching goal of this research effort is to determine the origin of potential differences in the response of females and males in UBB conditions. The results of this work contribute to the body of research concerning high-rate axial loading of the lower extremity and form the first detailed biomechanical account of UBB effects on female post-mortem human surrogates (PMHS). The results will inform the development of injury assessment tools for female Warfighters, which will ultimately lead to improvements in technologies to reduce morbidity and mortality rates among the U.S. Warfighter population, both male and female.
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Mitsiopoulos, Nikolaos. "Validation of magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography measurement of skeletal muscle by comparison to human cadaver." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22363.pdf.
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Sandford, Rosemary Ada. "Jack Clemo : poet in white silence : a critical analysis, and, Stripping the cadaver : a collection of poems." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1347.
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This is a hybrid thesis in two parts, one critical and one creative. The first chapter of the critical part examines selected poems from Clemo’s first five collections, beginning with The Map of Clay (1961), containing three series of poems written over twenty years, followed by Cactus on Carmel (1967), written after he became deafblind. After marriage at fifty-two he wrote The Echoing Tip (1971), Broad Autumn (1975), and A Different Drummer, (1986). The chapter examines the impact of his mother’s religion, his environment and limited education, his attacks of childhood blindness, and the onset of deafness at nineteen on the development of his poetry. It traces his internalised conflicts, and projection of emotions in relation to disability, onto some subjects, and explores the way Clemo’s poetry widens in scope after marriage, moving away from a harsh, narrow religious perspective, to a more tolerant and ecumenical outlook. Chapter Two concentrates on Clemo’s penultimate collection, Approach to Murano (1993). It follows the further development of his thought after he moved to Weymouth in 1984, and visited new places, including Venice. It looks at how he met the challenge of writing descriptive poetry about places never previously seen, and his dependency on his wife to interpret his surroundings. Chapter Three is concerned with his final collection, The Cured Arno, posthumously published in 1995. This includes poems written about his second visit to Italy in 1993. It examines his need to resolve life-long conflicts, and to confirm the validity of his religious and aesthetic ideas. There is an introductory chapter linking the critical section with the collection of poems. Part One of the collection, Stripping the Cadaver, engages with Clemo and with deafblindness. Part Two is a more personal body of work exploring the same themes.
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Snirer, Eva. "Hyperspectral remote sensing of individual gravesites - exploring the effects of cadaver decomposition on vegetation and soil spectra." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121458.
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The detection of clandestine graves is an emerging tool in hyperspectral remote sensing. Though previous studies have demonstrated that it is possible to use hyperspectral remote sensing techniques in detection of mass graves, there is a lack of studies demonstrating the feasibility to utilize this same technology for the detection of individual burial sites. This thesis summarizes the first year of a multi-year study to ascertain the detectable changes to vegetation and soil spectra caused by the chemicals released from a single decomposing body. Eighteen pig (Sus scrofa) carcasses were buried in a temperate environment in Ottawa, ON. Three scenarios were examined; surface body deposition, 30 cm, and 90 cm soil cover. A Twin Otter aircraft with hyperspectral sensors covering the visible to shortwave infrared range was used to collect the imagery. In addition to the airborne sensor, a portable spectroradiometer was used to collect plant and soil spectra in the lab (the soil and plant samples were collected coincidentally with the airborne imagery). Through chemical analysis of the soil collected both before site set up and coincidentally with the airborne imagery, I was able to determine the changes in chemistry and spectra caused by decomposing cadavers rather than just soil disturbance. Statistical analysis of the Chlorophyll and Carotenoids extraction demonstrates separability of vegetation into three categories: 1) background, 2) disturbed soil, shallow and deep graves, and 3) surface burials. Statistical analysis of the vegetation spectra corresponded to the chemical analysis in differentiating between background, disturbed soil, shallow and deep graves, and surface burials, as well analysis of the soil spectra allowed for separation into disturbed soil, shallow and deep graves, and surface burials.La détection des fosses clandestines (tombes) est un domain d'étude récent (un nouvel outil) dans la télédétection hyperspectrale. Bien que des études antérieures ont démontrés qu'il est possible d'utiliser des techniques de télédétection hyperspectrale pour la localisation des fosses communes, il y a un manque d'études démontrant la faisabilité d'utiliser cette même technologie pour la détection des tombes individuelles. Cette thèse se porte sur la première année d'une étude a long terme, elle constate que des changements sont détectables au niveau de la réponse spectrale de la végétation et de du sol. Ces changements sont causés par les produits chimiques libérées par un corps en décomposition. Dix-huit carcasses de porc (Sus scrofa) ont été enterrées dans un environnement tempéré à Ottawa, ON. Trois scénarios ont été examinés: la décomposition d'un corps déposé en surface, un corps enterré à 30 cm dans le sol, et un corps enterré à 90 cm dans le sol. Un avion Twin Otter avec des capteurs hyperspectrales couvrant les ondes visible à l'infrarouge du spectre électromagnétique ont été utilisés pour recueillir des images aériennes du site. En plus, un spectroradiomètre portable a été utilisé pour recueillir des signatures spectrales des plantes et du sol en laboratoire (les échantillons ont été collectés en même temps que l'imagerie aérienne). Grâce à l'analyse chimique du sol faite avant et après l'établissement du site, ainsi qu'en même temps que l'imagerie aérienne, j'ai déterminer que certains changements chimiques ainsi que des changements dans la réflectance sont causés par la décomposition des cadavres plutôt que par la perturbation du sol. L'analyse statistique des niveaux de chlorophylle et des caroténoïdes démontre une séparabilité de la végétation en trois catégories: 1) le fond, 2) les sols perturbés, les tombes peu profondes et les tombes profondes, et 3) les corps déposé en surface. L'analyse statistique des signatures spectrales de la végétation confirme à l'analyse chimique pour différencier entre le fond, le sol perturbé, les tombes peu profondes et profondes, et les corps décomposant en surface. L'analyse des signatures spectres de sol a aussi permis de séparer entre un sol perturbé, une tombe peu profonde ou profonde, ou un « enterrement » de surface.
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Wong, Mark Steven. "Biomechanical Comparison of Wire Circlage and Rigid Plate Fixation for Median Sternotomy Closure in Human Cadaver Specimens." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/280.
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Background:
Over 700,000 patients per year undergo open-heart surgery. Healing complication rates can be up to 5% of patients who undergo this procedure, with a morbidity rate of 50% if mediastinitis supervenes. A secure and rigid fixation of surgically divided sternum is critical to avoid healing complications. The purpose of this study was to compare the yield load, construct stiffness, ultimate load, displacement at ultimate load, and post-yield behavior of three sternotomy closure methods (Peristernal wires or Sternalock titanium plates) when stressed in each of three directions: lateral distraction, rostro-caudal (longitudinal) shear distraction, and anterior-posterior (transverse) shear in a cadaveric model.
Methods:
Forty-two fresh cadaver models were divided into three test groups: group A, B, and C. A cardiothoracic surgeon divided each cadaveric sternum longitudinally and repaired peristernal wires or one of two Sternalock configurations. Tests were performed using a materials testing system that applied force at a constant displacement rate in a uniaxial direction until the construct catastrophically failed. Mechanical behavior was monitored using a 3D texture correlation system to create a real-time three-dimensional representation of strain directions. The resulting displacement pattern is analogous to a finite element contour plot of displacements, Lagrange Strain, or velocity. Statistical analysis was used to show the different mechanical properties of each closure method.
Results:
When loaded in lateral distraction, both Sternalock configurations surpassed the rigidity of peristernal wires by 600%. Some evidence was also found linking Sternalock with stiffer behavior in the rostro-caudal direction. Though not statistically significant, a trend was observed showing that constructs using the Sternalock also had higher yield loads, as well as, less post-yield displacement when compared to peristernal wires.
Conclusions:
Data gathered showed the superior performance of the Sternalock system in stiffness in both longitudinal distraction and rostro-caudal shear. Implications for use of the Sternalock system are faster healing times, lower complication rates, and success of the procedure.
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Du, Plessis Maira. "A comparative study of the pterygopalatine fossa and its ganglion in a South African skeletal and cadaver population." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03242009-095024.
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GRATSON, SCOTT D. "A STRATIFICATION OF DEATH IN THE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE: A RECONSIDERATION OF THE CADAVER TOMBS OF ENGLAND AND GERMANY." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/587512.
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Art HistoryPh.D.
This analysis is on the function of cadaver or transi tombs in the south of England and Germany from the fifteenth to early sixteenth centuries, at particular moments when theological and cultural shifts related to Church reforms and the Reformation were tethered to new considerations about death, memorial, and changing concepts of the soul and matter. The study begins with a focus on the tombs of Henry Chichele (1364–1443) in Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, England, and Alice de la Pole (1404–1475) of Saint Mary’s Church in Ewelme, Oxfordshire, England. Additionally, the memorial relief of Ulrich Fugger (1441–1510) in Saint Anna's Church in Augsburg, Germany, acts as a bridge to Hans Holbein’s painted Dead Christ in the Tomb (1521) in the Kuntsmuseum Basel, in which Christ is simultaneously portrayed as an effigy, transi, and resurrected body. This was also an extended period when notions of visuality changed, along with preferences for different media and pressures on images and objects. As the demands of verisimilitude and discourses about presence and matter changed, media progressed from three-dimensional sculpture and carved relief to oil paint on wood. Transi tombs embodied this trajectory, altering uses and impressions of materials as they progressed from metal to stone to relief carving and paint. Transi tombs, in particular, structured time as a malleable construct, through the incorporation of varying images and their configuration in different visual strata and degrees of vividness and decay. By merging motifs of the dead with the Resurrected Christ, the transi tomb phenomenon situated death in relation to the viewer’s experience of mortality, memorial, and remembrance. Through these changing images and media, public perception of death was inextricably transformed, coinciding with the advent of the Reformation.
Temple University--Theses
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Jeffs, Shaun B. "The Passive Load-Bearing Capacity of the Human Lumbar Spine in the Neutral Standing Posture." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2638.
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The human lumbar spine has been shown to support compressive loads of 1000 N in standing and walking, and up to many thousands of Newtons in strenuous activities such as lifting. The literature presents a number of biomechanical models that seek to replicate the load-carrying capacity of the spine while adhering to physiological constraints. While many of these models provide invaluable insights into the mechanisms governing spinal stability, there is a nearly universal disregard for the magnitude of the muscle forces required in the neutral standing posture. In compliance with constraints on metabolic cost and muscle fatigue, muscle activations in excess of 5% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in the standing posture are physiologically infeasible. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the hypothesis that the passive structures of the lumbar spine are sufficient to produce static equilibrium under the body weight load in the neutral standing posture. A novel method of applying physiologic loads to the lumbar spine in vitro to determine its passive stability was developed. Five cadaver specimens were tested and a passive equilibrium posture was discovered for each. Further, the parameters defining the equilibrium posture correlate well with the standing posture as reported in the literature. This is an indication that the lumbar spine is inherently capable of remaining erect in the neutral posture with muscle activations below 5% MVC. It is postulated that the iliolumbar ligament and the thoracolumbar fascia, passive components that are not typically incorporated into stability models of the spine, have the potential to provide added passive stabilization to the system. It is recommended that biomechanical models of the spine incorporate this 5% MVC constraint and place greater emphasis on the contributions of passive structures to overall stability.
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Degorge, Virginie. "Ac cadaver : Etude psychanalytique d'une figure du contemporain à partir du phénomène de plastination anatomique de Gunther von Hagens." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070104.
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La plastination est une méthode de conservation inventée par l'anatomiste G. Von Hagens. Développée industriellement, elle donne lieu à des expositions controversées de cadavres anonymes et préservés dans des positions de vie. Comment comprendre le succès de ces expositions, alors qu'il est devenu commun de dire la mort tabou ? En quoi les plastinats s'inscrivent-ils dans l'histoire de la représentation du corps et de l'exposition du cadavre, tout en témoignant du monde qui les a produits ? Echos des discours de l'époque et miroirs de ses corps, les plastinats permettent de penser les tensions contemporaines, lorsqu'ils génèrent des théories de la rupture anthropologique et subjective. Ils supportent les illusions moïques de complétude, au prix d'une recomposition tantalisante, et illustrent l'obsessionnalisation favorisée par la science. Abordant ce phénomène comme un symptôme, ce travail questionne le discours de l'inventeur, des visiteurs, des candidats à la plastination et de ses détracteurs, mais également les particularités esthétiques et signifiantes de ces corpsPlastination is a method of conservation invented by anatomist G. Von Hagens. Developped industrial way, it gives rise to controversial exhibitions of anonymous corpses preserved in life-like positions. How to fathom the success of those exhibitions whereas it is commonplace to consider death as a tabou ? How the plastinates fit in the history of representation of bodies anc exposure of corpses while they testify of the world they were created in ? Echoing the ideas of an era and mirroring its bodies, plastinates underline contemporary tensions, when they generate theories of anthropological and subjective rupture. They support the ego-illusions of completeness, at the cost of a tantalizing redial, and lets us see the effects of obsessionnalisation favored by science. Approaching this phenomenon as a symptom, this work questions the point of view of the inventor, visitors, candidates for plastination and its detractors, but also sensitive and significan features of these bodies
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Oliveira, Ronaldo Silva de. "Modelo Experimental da Artros copia do quadril cadÃveres de recÃm-nascidos submetidos do Extresse Axial." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2001. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1774.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel SuperiorO desenvolvimento do artroscÃpio possibilitou ao cirurgiÃo ortopÃdico o acesso a diversas articulaÃÃes. O quadril, que apresenta complexa anatomia e topografia, permaneceu por muito tempo como uma barreira para os artroscopistas. Com os avanÃos ocorridos ao longo da Ãltima dÃcada, as indicaÃÃes vÃm crescendo a cada ano. Isto fez da artroscopia do quadril uma valiosa tÃcnica que preencheu uma lacuna no esclarecimento diagnÃstico, freqÃentemente pouco elucidativos mesmo com utilizaÃÃo de modernos mÃtodos; possibilitando o tratamento de um nÃmero cada vez maior de afecÃÃes desta articulaÃÃo. Em adultos o mÃtodo à ainda pouco utilizado e em crianÃas apresenta indicaÃÃes muito restritas. Assim, foi decidido realizar um trabalho que propiciasse o desenvolvimento de um modelo experimental de treinamento do mÃtodo artroscÃpico, e atravÃs deste, observar aspectos histomorfolÃgicos de estruturas intra-articulares submetidas à traÃÃo axial. Utilizando quadris de 20 cadÃveres de recÃm-nascidos foi testada a possibilidade de realizar o procedimento. Seis fetos (A1 a A6), representaram o projeto piloto, servindo para desenvolver o modelo de pesquisa e catorze o estudo principal (B1 a B14), seguindo critÃrios estabelecidos com o projeto piloto. Em todos os fetos realizou-se o procedimento utilizando Ãtica de 2,2 mm de espessura com 30 de angulaÃÃo e em todos aplicada traÃÃo axial que variou de 68 a 88 N. Foram utilizados dois portais: antero-lateral e lateral, e no final feito artrotomia e anÃlise histomorfolÃgica das estruturas: pulvinar, labrum acetabular e ligamento redondo do quadril. Ficou estabelecido com o estudo piloto que o procedimento somente à possÃvel realizar com fetos maiores, pois nos quatro fetos em que o peso era abaixo de 1500 g, o procedimento foi tecnicamente impossÃvel. A traÃÃo Foi necessÃria para uma completa inspeÃÃo da articulaÃÃo. Constatou-se ainda que atravÃs de um sà acesso nÃo foi possÃvel visualizar toda a articulaÃÃo, mas, que a utilizaÃÃo de dois acessos, os portais lateral e antero-lateral, oferecem boa seguranÃa sendo possÃvel reproduzir o mÃtodo artroscÃpico e identificar a maior parte das estruturas anatÃmicas intra-articulares. Concluiu-se que a artroscopia do quadril tem tÃcnica difÃcil, mas factÃvel em cadÃveres de recÃm-nascidos com peso superior a 1700 g e nÃo foram encontradas lesÃes macroscÃpicas ou histolÃgicas sobre as estruturas estudadas em fetos submetidos a uma traÃÃo de atà 88 N.
Surgical access to different joints was made possible due to the development of the arthroscope. On account of its complex anatomy and topography the endoscopic access to the hip joint seemed to be an unattainable goal by many specialists for a long period of time. Last decade progress turned arthroscopic examination indications an ever growing need. The procedure helped to fill out the gap in the diagnostic area of hip joint diseases making possible the treatment of many illnesses affecting the joint. Despite this progress the exam is not widely performed in adult patients. Also, usage in children presents very restricted limitations. This paper was aimed at developing an experimental model of hip arthroscopy and to study the histomorphological damages resulted from its use in structures subjected to traction. Twenty newborn cadavers were used. Six fetuses use used during the pilot project (A1-A6). The remainder fourteen fetuses were used during the main study (B1-B14). Optical system (2.2 mm diameter) and 30o angulation were used. Axial traction was applied to all cases (68-88 N). Antero-lateral and lateral ports were used for surgical access to the hip. Histomorphological studies of pulvinar, labrum acetabulare and hip round ligament were carried out in each case. A pilot study has demonstrated that the application of this technique is not feasible in fetuses weighing less than 1500g. The traction was required to secure a complete inspection of the articulation. Using just one port was not possible to visualize all structures. The simultaneous use of lateral and anterolateral ports provided adequate exposure to all joint structures. It is concluded that hip arthroscopy is not an easy procedure although feasible in newborn cadavers weighing more than 1700 g. No macroscopic or histological lesions were identified in fetuses submitted to traction of up to 88 N
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Caraballo, Norma Iris. "Identification of Characteristic Volatile Organic Compounds Released during the Decomposition Process of Human Remains and Analogues." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1391.
Full textAbstract:
The manner in which remains decompose has been and is currently being researched around the world, yet little is still known about the generated scent of death. In fact, it was not until the Casey Anthony trial that research on the odor released from decomposing remains, and the compounds that it is comprised of, was brought to light. The Anthony trial marked the first admission of human decomposition odor as forensic evidence into the court of law; however, it was not “ready for prime time” as the scientific research on the scent of death is still in its infancy.
This research employed the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from decomposing remains and to assess the impact that different environmental conditions had on the scent of death. Using human cadaver analogues, it was discovered that the environment in which the remains were exposed to dramatically affected the odors released by either modifying the compounds that it was comprised of or by enhancing/hindering the amount that was liberated. In addition, the VOCs released during the different stages of the decomposition process for both human remains and analogues were evaluated. Statistical analysis showed correlations between the stage of decay and the VOCs generated, such that each phase of decomposition was distinguishable based upon the type and abundance of compounds that comprised the odor.
This study has provided new insight into the scent of death and the factors that can dramatically affect it, specifically, frozen, aquatic, and soil environments. Moreover, the results revealed that different stages of decomposition were distinguishable based upon the type and total mass of each compound present. Thus, based upon these findings, it is suggested that the training aids that are employed for human remains detection (HRD) canines should 1) be characteristic of remains that have undergone decomposition in different environmental settings, and 2) represent each stage of decay, to ensure that the HRD canines have been trained to the various odors that they are likely to encounter in an operational situation.
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Naude, Marelize. "A comparison of arterial measurements between a South African cadaver and living sample as affected by age, sex, height and weight." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79017.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of the normal arterial diameter at a given anatomical point is the first step towards quantifying the severity of cardiovascular diseases. According to several studies, parameters such as age, weight, height, Body Mass Index and sex, can explain morphometric variations in arterial anatomy. There is no specific differentiation point between normal age-related arterial changes and pathological changes. Therefore, it remains challenging to distinguish between physiological and pathological processes as structural changes in arteries are bound to occur with the advancement of age. There is no point at which an artery can be said to have stopped growing or developing and started to degenerate or becoming diseased. Hence the knowledge of changes in arterial anatomy with age is vital for understanding arterial pathology. Arterial dimensions studied by other researchers were measured on cadaveric material or diagnostic imaging methodologies such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and ultrasound. The comparability and compatibility of cadaveric and image diagnostic methodology measurements has often been fiercely debated; repeatedly raising the question on the validity of cadaveric research. The primary purpose of this study was thus to compare the measurements taken on cadaveric material with measurements taken with computed tomography and ultrasound. The aim was to establish whether there is a statistically significant difference between arterial measurements taken via these different approaches. In addition, the study also aimed to examine the effects of various demographic parameters on the arterial diameters of a South African population. Digital arterial measurements were taken on computed tomography images at selected arterial sites and the age and sex of each individual were noted. These computed tomography images, representative of a living South African population, were retrospectively selected from the database of diagnostic images at the Department of Radiology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital. The arterial diameter at the identified arterial sites was measured with the assistance of computer software. Digital measurements of arteries on ultrasound images were also measured at the selected arterial sites and the age, sex, weight, height and Body Mass Index of each individual were noted or calculated. Ultrasound images were taken on volunteers in the Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria. Demographic information, including age, sex, weight and height, was gathered via a paper-based questionnaire. Body Mass Index was calculated. Newly available cadaveric data was added to the cadaveric database compiled during two pilot studies that took place in the Department of Anatomy at the University of Pretoria. The collected data allowed for the comparison of diameters measured with the different methodologies. The South African sample was divided into comparable age and sex groups that also allowed for the determination of correlations between the changes in arterial diameters and the changes in the demographic parameters. Analyses of these correlations answered questions such as whether arterial diameter increase or decrease with an increase in age, height or weight. This study found that age is a vital demographic parameter when assessing change in arterial dimensions. Age was also found to influence muscular and elastic arteries differently. Even though some sexual dimorphism was noted, sex had a significantly smaller effect on arterial dimensions compared to age. Weight, height and BMI correlated weakly with a change in arterial dimension. Comparisons between the different populations indicated that cadaver measurements compared well to CT measurements as well as ultrasound measurements, but that CT measurements and ultrasound measurements were significantly different. Arterial pathology is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease and mortality. Data on normal arterial dimensions for a South African population is scarce, but essential when evaluating whether a dilatation or stenosis are pathological. Studies on the arterial morphology on a cadaver sample are thus comparable to living populations and support the premise that there is an age-related increase in the dilatation of the arterial lumen. The arterial diameter is a useful indicator of the vascular ageing process. This study provided us with valuable information regarding the validity and comparability of several arterial measuring methodologies as well as vital information regarding arterial changes in a South African population.Thesis (PhD (Anatomy))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
National Research Foundation
Anatomy
PhD (Anatomy)
Unrestricted
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Frizzarini, Ronaldo. "Análise tomográfica para o planejamento da tireoplastia tipo I: estudo experimental em laringes humanas excisadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-20092010-182103/.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUÇÃO: A tireoplastia tipo I é uma cirurgia freqüentemente utilizada para reabilitação de pacientes sintomáticos com paralisia laríngea. Consiste na medialização da prega vocal através da introdução de um implante por uma janela realizada na lâmina da cartilagem tireóidea. O conhecimento preciso da projeção da prega vocal sobre a lâmina da cartilagem tireóidea, para a correta confecção da janela da tireoplastia, é de crítica importância para o sucesso dessa cirurgia. Contudo a localização exata da projeção da prega vocal sobre a lâmina da cartilagem tireóidea é controversa na literatura. Outra etapa importante da cirurgia é a confecção do implante com formato e tamanho adequados para que ele medialize a prega vocal de maneira homogênea, em toda sua extensão, inclusive em sua porção posterior. OBJETIVO: Determinar, através da tomografia computadorizada, o local da projeção da prega vocal sobre a lâmina da cartilagem tireóidea e determinar o formato do implante para que haja uma medialização uniforme da prega vocal. MÉTODOS: Este estudo foi realizado na Disciplina de Otorrinolaringologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram analisadas 11 laringes humanas excisadas e definiu-se uma padronização para obtenção dos dados tomográficos necessários para determinar o local da projeção da comissura anterior sobre a linha média da cartilagem tireóidea e para determinar o local da projeção do terço posterior da borda livre da prega vocal sobre a lâmina da cartilagem tireóidea. Esses são os parâmetros utilizados para localizar a projeção da prega vocal sobre a lâmina da cartilagem tireóidea. Os dados obtidos na tomografia foram comparados a medidas anatômicas. A tomografia computadorizada também foi utilizada para calcular o formato e as dimensões de um implante ideal para cada laringe, cuja eficiência foi avaliada através da tireoplastia tipo I, realizada nas peças anatômicas. Os resultados obtidos com a tomografia e os resultados anatômicos foram analisados estatisticamente através do nível de concordância, calculado pelo método de Bland e Altman. RESULTADOS: As medidas tomográficas da projeção do terço posterior da borda livre da prega vocal apresentaram concordância com a avaliação anatômica em todos os casos. As medidas tomográficas da projeção da comissura anterior apresentaram um alto nível de concordância com as medidas anatômicas, sendo que 70% apresentaram um erro menor que 0,81mm (desvio padrão). O implante, calculado através da tomografia, foi considerado eficiente em todos os casos. CONCLUSÕES: Esse método mostrou-se simples e eficiente em determinar a projeção da prega vocal sobre o arcabouço laríngeo e em determinar um formato de implante individualizado, que medialize a prega vocal homogeneamente, inclusive em sua porção posterior.Type I Thyroplasty is a common procedure and is indicated for symptomatic patients with vocal fold paralysis. It consists on medialization of the vocal fold by introduction of an implant through a window made in the thyroid cartilage lamina. The precise determination of the projection of the vocal fold upon the external surface of the thyroid cartilage is of great importance for the correct location of the window and, thus, for best postoperative results. However, the exact projection of the vocal fold upon the thyroid cartilage is still controversial in the literature. Another important step of this procedure is the creation of an implant that is appropriate in size and shape in order to uniformly medialize the vocal fold, including its posterior aspect. OBJECTIVE: To determine the vocal fold projection upon the external surface of the thyroid cartilage through computed tomography scan and also determine the implant format in order to satisfactory medialize the vocal fold. METHODS: This study was made in the Otolaryngology Department of the University of São Paulo Medical School. Eleven human cadaveric larynges were analyzed using Computed Tomography scans and the method to determine the projection of the anterior comissure upon the midline of the thyroid cartilage as well as the projection of the posterior third of the free edge of the vocal fold upon the external surface of the thyroid cartilage was estalished. Those parameters were used to determine the exact projection of the vocal fold upon the thyroid cartilage lamina. This data were compared to anatomic measures of the larynges. The Computed tomography was also used to establish the shape and dimensions of the appropriate implant for each larynx and its efficacy was tested through type I thyroplasty individually. The results obtained from Computed Tomography scan measurement were compared to anatomic data and analyzed through the level of agreement, calculated by Bland and Altman´s method. RESULTS: The Computed Tomography scan measurements to determine the projection of the posterior third of the vocal fold were correlated with the anatomic evaluation in all cases. The projection of the anterior comissure presented a high level of accordance, as 70% of cases presented an error less than 0.81mm (standard deviation). CONCLUSIONS: This method showed to be simple and effective to determine the vocal fold projection upon the larynx external surface and also to establish individualized shapes of implants that can medialize uniformly the vocal fold, including its posterior aspect.
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Reitemeier, Bernd, Christine Schöne, Raoul Lesche, Günter Lauer, Matthias C. Schulz, and Jutta Markwardt. "Contour identical implants to bridge mandibular continuity defects - individually generated by LaserCUSING® - A feasibility study in animal cadavers." BioMed Central, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29978.
Full textAbstract:
Background
Ablative tumor surgery often results in continuity defects of the mandible. When an immediate reconstruction using autologous bone grafts is not possible the bridging of the defects with a variety of bridging plates might be achieved. However, those bridging plates have the risk of plate fractures or exposure. Customized titanium implants manufactured using CAD/CAM and the LaserCUSING® technique might be an alternative.
Methods
In the present study, computed tomographies (CT) of porcine cadaver mandibles were generated and transferred into DICOM data. Following, different continuity defects were surgically created in the mandibles. Based on the DICOM data customized titanium implants were manufactured using CAD/CAM procedures and the LaserCUSING® technique. The implants were fixed to the remaining stumps with screws. Subsequently, the accuracy of the reconstructed mandibles was tested using plaster casts.
Results
The workflow from the CT to the application of the customized implants was proved to be practicable. Furthermore, a stable fixation of the customized implant to the remaining stumps could be achieved. The control of the accuracy showed no frictions or obstacles.
Conclusion
The customized titanium implant seems to be a promising approach to bridge continuity defects of the mandible whenever an immediate reconstruction with autologous bone is not possible.
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Surjan, Rodrigo Cañada Trofo. "Estudo dos reparos anatômicos para o acesso intra-hepático aos pedículos glissonianos durante ressecções hepáticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5132/tde-08122014-152009/.
Full textAbstract:
Ressecções hepáticas regradas baseiam-se em alguns princípios técnicos básicos, como controle vascular, delineamento isquêmico das áreas a serem ressecadas e preservação máxima de parênquima. Eles são alcançados através do acesso intrahepático aos pedículos glissonianos, que se baseia na abordagem dos segmentos hepáticos através do acesso aos pedículos dentro do fígado. Com pequenas incisões sobre pontos de reparo anatômicos bem definidos são acessados pedículos correspondentes aos segmentos a serem ressecados, tornando desnecessárias dissecções extensas do parênquima hepático.Neste estudo, parâmetros anatômicos relacionados à técnica de acesso intra-hepático aos pedículos glissonianos foram estudados em cadáveres com o fígado in loco. Ele propiciou a determinação precisa de pontos de reparo confiáveis e simples a serem utilizados durante estes procedimentos.Foram estudados 37 fígados provenientes de cadáveres adultos. Vinte e cinco cadáveres eram do sexo masculino e doze do sexo feminino. Foram excluídos cadáveres que tivessem qualquer fator que alterasse a anatomia original do andar superior do abdome e fígados com aspecto cirrótico. As aferições realizadas foram realizadas com instrumentos de precisão. Os dados obtidos foram expressos em média ± desvio padrão. Os indivíduos foram então divididos em grupos de acordo com gênero e peso do fígado e os grupos foram comparados estatisticamente através do teste t de Student. Setenta por cento dos cadáveres apresentavam veia hepática direita acessória, sendo este achado muito superior ao encontrado na literatura. O diâmetro médio deste vaso, quando presente, foi de 6,8 mm. As veias hepáticas média e esquerda apresentavam tronco comum em direção à veia cava em 51% dos casos, valor menor do que o habitualmente encontrado na literatura.Em 70% dos fígados a fissura de Gans encontrava-se aberta. Nestes, 80% continha o pedículo do segmento 6. A ponte entre os segmentos 3 e 4 encontrava-se aberta em 41% dos casos.O diâmetro médio do pedículo esquerdo foi de 28,2 mm, enquanto o do direito foi de 26,8 mm.A distância média entre a bifurcação do tronco portal e a inserção caudal do ligamento de Arantius foi de 32,9 mm. Esta distância é importante na realização do acesso intra-hepático a pedículos esquerdos. A distância média entre a bifurcação do tronco portal principal e a do pedículo direito foi de 26,2 mm. Este valor deve ser levado em consideração no acesso aos pedículos do fígado direito.A distância máxima observada entre a placa hilar e a bifurcação do tronco portal representa quanto se deve aprofundar na placa hilar para acesso dos pedículos direito e esquerdo e foi de 7 mm.Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa em praticamente todos os parâmetros avaliados quando comparados os grupos divididos de acordo com gênero e peso do fígado. Isso demonstra a consistência dos parâmetros relacionados à realização do acesso intra-hepático aos pedículos glissonianos, garantindo reprodutibilidade ao método.Os resultados obtidos tornaram possíveis grandes avanços técnicos na realização de hepatectomias abertas ou laparoscópicas com acesso intra-hepático aos pedículos glissonianos, e resultaram em uma série de dados anatômicos que podem guiar cirurgiões de modo a evitar acidentes e tornar mais fácil sua execuçãoAnatomical liver resections are based on some basic technical principles such as vascular control, ischemic delineation of areas to be resected and maximum parenchymal preservation. Those are achieved by the intrahepatic glissonian approach, which consists in accessing the pedicles of hepatic segments to be resected within the hepatic parenchyma. Small incisions on well-defined anatomical landmarks are performed to approach the desired pedicles, making extensive dissection of the liver parenchyma unnecessary.In this study, anatomical parameters related to the intrahepatic glissonian approach to hepatic pedicles were studied in cadavers with the liver in loco. It allowed the accurate determination of anatomical landmarks that are reliable and easy to be used.Thirty-seven livers from adult cadavers were studied. Twenty-five cadavers were male and twelve female. Corpses that had any factor that altered the original anatomy of the upper abdomen and cirrhotic livers were excluded. The measurementswere performed with precision instruments. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The subjects were divided into groups according to gender and liver weight and the groups were compared statistically by the Student t test.Seventy percent of the cadavers presented an accessory right hepatic vein, much more frequent than previously reported in the literature. The average diameter of the vesselwas 6.8 mm. The middle and left hepatic veins presented a common trunk in 51% of cases, lower than typically found in the literature.In 70% of livers there was a patent incisura dextra of Gans. When present, 80% contained the pedicle of segment 6. There was an open hepatic bridge between segments 3 and 4 in 41% of cases.The mean diameter of the left pedicle was 28.2 mm, while the mean diameter of the right pedicle was 26.8 mm.The mean distance between the bifurcation of the main portal trunk and the caudal insertion of Arantius ligament was 32.9 mm. This distance is important in achieving the intrahepatic access to left pedicles. The mean distance between the bifurcation of the main portal trunk and the right pedicle was 26.2 mm. This value should be taken into consideration when approaching pedicles of the right liver.The maximum distance between the hilar plate and the bifurcation of the main portal trunk was 7 mm. It represents how deep one should enter the hepatic parenchyma through the hilar plate in order to approach the right and left pedicles.No statistically significant difference was observed in virtually all parameters when groups divided according to gender and liver weight were compared. This demonstrates the consistency of the anatomical parameters related to the intrahepatic glissonian approach, ensuring reproducibility to the method. Theresults obtained in this study made possible major technical advances in the realization of open and laparoscopic hepatectomies with intrahepatic glissonian approach to hepatic pedicles, and resulted in a series of anatomical data that can guide surgeons to prevent accidents and make it easier to accomplish safe and effective procedures
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Lasmar, Rodrigo Campos Pace. "Importância dos diferentes estabilizadores estáticos póstero-laterais do joelho: estudo biomecânico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-31052007-171927/.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a importância relativa dos diferentes estabilizadores estáticos do canto póstero-lateral do joelho. Para isso foram utilizados 10 joelhos de cadáveres que foram submetidos a testes biomecânicos com a aplicação de forças para a deformação em varo e em rotação externa. Os joelhos foram testados em quatro situações diferentes e sempre na mesma seqüência: com a articulação íntegra, após a secção do ligamento colateral lateral, após a secção do ligamento colateral lateral e do complexo poplíteo-fibular (tendão do poplíteo + ligamento poplíteo-fibular) e após a secção do ligamento colateral lateral, do complexo poplíteo-fibular e da cápsula póstero-lateral. Os testes foram feitos com os joelhos em extensão, em 30 e em 60 graus de flexão. Os parâmetros estudados foram a deformação angular e a rigidez durante a aplicação do momento de flexão (varo) de 15 N.m e do momento de torção (rotação externa) de 6 N.m. A análise estatística foi realizada com o teste de comparações múltiplas de Tukey. Através da análise dos resultados obtidos com os testes biomecânicos e comparando os valores obtidos nas quatro situações estudadas entre si, foi possível interpretar a função específica de cada estrutura do canto póstero-lateral do joelho, em cada ângulo de flexão testado. Neste estudo, o ligamento colateral lateral foi importante na estabilização do joelho para o varo em extensão, em 30 e em 60 graus de flexão. O complexo poplíteo-fibular foi a estrutura mais importante na estabilização do joelho para a rotação externa, dentre as estruturas avaliadas, atuando em todos os ângulos de flexão testados. Além disto, complexo poplíteo-fibular foi importante na estabilização para o varo quando o joelho se encontrava em 30 e em 60 graus de flexão. Já a cápsula póstero-lateral foi importante na estabilização para o varo e para a rotação externa quando o joelho se encontrava em extensão, perdendo sua função à medida que o joelho foi flexionado. Em 30 graus de flexão, a cápsula póstero-lateral foi importante apenas para a estabilização em varo do joelho.The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in cadaver knees, the relative importance of the different static stabilizers of the posterolateral corner of the knee. Tests were performed with the application of a varus and external rotation force to the knee in extension, 30 and 60 degrees of flexion, using 10 cadaver knees. The forces were applied initially to an intact knee and then repeated after a selective sectioning of the ligaments: section of the lateral collateral ligament; section of the lateral collateral ligament and the popliteofibular complex; and section of the lateral collateral ligament, the popliteofibular complex and the posterolateral capsule. The parameters studied were the angular deformity and rigidity while the knees were being submitted to a 15 newton-meter varus torque and a 6 newton-meter external tibial torque. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANOVA and Tukey tests. Our findings showed that the lateral collateral ligament was important in varus stability at 0, 30 and 60 degrees; the popliteus-fibular complex was the most important structure in external rotation stability at all angles of flexion and was also important for varus stability at 30 and 60 degrees; the posterolateral capsule was important for varus stability at 0 and 30 degrees, and for external rotation stability in extension.
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Bolte, John Henry IV. "Injury and impact response of the shoulder due to lateral and oblique loading." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1078873704.
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Reitemeier, Bernd, Christine Schöne, Raoul Lesche, Günter Lauer, Matthias C. Schulz, and Jutta Markwardt. "Contour identical implants to bridge mandibular continuity defects - individually generated by LaserCUSING® - A feasibility study in animal cadavers." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-214255.
Full textAbstract:
Background
Ablative tumor surgery often results in continuity defects of the mandible. When an immediate reconstruction using autologous bone grafts is not possible the bridging of the defects with a variety of bridging plates might be achieved. However, those bridging plates have the risk of plate fractures or exposure. Customized titanium implants manufactured using CAD/CAM and the LaserCUSING® technique might be an alternative.
Methods
In the present study, computed tomographies (CT) of porcine cadaver mandibles were generated and transferred into DICOM data. Following, different continuity defects were surgically created in the mandibles. Based on the DICOM data customized titanium implants were manufactured using CAD/CAM procedures and the LaserCUSING® technique. The implants were fixed to the remaining stumps with screws. Subsequently, the accuracy of the reconstructed mandibles was tested using plaster casts.
Results
The workflow from the CT to the application of the customized implants was proved to be practicable. Furthermore, a stable fixation of the customized implant to the remaining stumps could be achieved. The control of the accuracy showed no frictions or obstacles.
Conclusion
The customized titanium implant seems to be a promising approach to bridge continuity defects of the mandible whenever an immediate reconstruction with autologous bone is not possible.
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Shurtz, Benjamin K. "Human Thoracic Response to Impact: Chestband Effects, the Strain-Deflection Relationship, and Small Females in Side Impact Crashes." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500313611388938.
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Gonçalves, Renato Ribeiro. "Estudo anatômico das dimensões e do padrão vascular do retalho lateral do braço ampliado distalmente ao epicôndilo lateral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-23092014-144523/.
Full textAbstract:
Foram realizadas dissecções anatômicas de 45 membros superiores de cadáveres, com o objetivo de avaliar as dimensões e o padrão vascular da porção distal ao epicôndilo lateral do retalho lateral do braço. Todos os casos deste estudo eram do sexo masculino, com idade superior a 21 anos. Os casos foram divididos em grupos A, B, e C e submetidos a injeção de contraste diretamente na artéria colateral radial posterior. Nos cadáveres do Grupo A, foi injetado contraste a base de azul de metileno e serviu para avaliar o maior comprimento e largura de pele corada pelo contraste, tendo como local para início das medidas o epicôndilo lateral do úmero. No Grupo B foi utilizada a mesma metodologia do Grupo A, sendo acrescentado para cada cadáver em estudo, uma ficha com os dados antropométricos e serviu para avaliar a extensão de pele corada pelo contraste e correlacioná-la com os dados antropométricos individuais. Nos cadáveres do Grupo C foi utilizado contraste a base de látex e serviu para avaliar o padrão vascular da artéria colateral radial posterior encontrado distalmente ao epicôndilo lateral. Em todos os casos a pele foi corada pelo contraste distalmente ao epicôndilo lateral, com o comprimento variando de 4 cm a 12 cm, com média de 7,5 cm e a largura variando de 3 cm a 10 cm, com média de 6 cm. Houve em todas as dissecções um padrão plexiforme da artéria colateral radial posterior distalmente ao epicôndilo lateral. Ocorreu uma correlação entre os comprimentos do braço e do antebraço e as dimensões da área corada pelo contraste, distalmente ao epicôndilo lateral. O autor conclui que é possível a confecção do retalho lateral do braço na forma ampliada, incluindo a pele da região proximal do antebraço, sendo os limites de 7,5 cm de comprimento por 6 cm de largura, distalmente ao epicôndilo lateral, limites seguros para a confecção deste tipo de retalho. A artéria colateral radial posterior apresenta um padrão arterial plexiforme, distalmente ao epicôndilo lateral do úmero. Existe uma relação direta entre o comprimento do retalho lateral do braço ampliado distalmente ao epicôndilo lateral e os comprimentos do braço e do antebraçoAnatomical dissections of forty-five upper limbs of cadavers were made in order to evaluate the dimensions and the vascular pattern of distal part to lateral epicondyle of lateral arm flap. All cases of this study were male, with more than twenty-one years old. The cases were divided into groups A, B and C and they were submitted to a contrast injection directly on posterior radial collateral artery. Into cadavers of Group A it was injected contrast a basis of methylene blue to evaluate the longest length and width of coloured skin by contrast. The place for beginning of measures was the lateral epicondyle of humerus. In the group B, it was used the same methodology of group A, and a record card with anthropometric data of each cadaver. With them it was possible to evaluate the extension of coloured skin by contrast and correlate it with individual anthropometric data. In the cadavers of group C was used contrast a basis of latex in order to evaluate the vascular pattern of posterior radial collateral artery which was found distally to lateral epicondyle. In all cases the skin was coloured by contrast distally to lateral epicondyle, with the length changing from 4 cm to 12 cm, mean length was 7,5 cm and the width changing from 3 cm to 10 cm, mean width was 6 cm. In all dissections, there was a plexiform pattern of posterior radial collateral artery distally to lateral epicondyle. There was a correlation between the length of forearm and the dimensions of coloured area by contrast distally to lateral epicondyle. The author concluded that it is possible the confection of lateral arm flap in enlarged way, including the skin of proximal region of forearm, distally to lateral epicondyle, with distal limits 7,5 cm of length to 6 cm of width to lateral epicondyle, secure limits for confection of this flap. The posterior radial collateral artery presents a plexiform arterial pattern, distally to lateral epicondyle. There is a direct relation between the length of lateral arm flap enlarged distally to lateral epicondyle and the legths of arm and forearm
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Silva, Luiz Alberto Michet da. "Anticorpos antidoador em baixos níveis detectados por meio de prova cruzada por citometria de fluxo pré-transplante : influência na sobrevida do enxerto em transplante de rim de cadáver." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6235.
Full text
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Lamb, Megan Murphy. "Comparison of radiographic guidance to magnetic resonance imaging guidance for injection of the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint in an equine cadaver model." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51166.
Full textAbstract:
Desmopathy of the collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint is a common cause of lameness in the horse and carries a poor prognosis for soundness. Intralesional treatment has been suggested as a way to improve outcome; however, limited reports describe methods for injecting this ligament. This study compares the accuracy of injecting the collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) versus radiographic guidance. Equine cadaver digit pairs (n=10) were divided by random assignment to injection of the ligament by either technique and assessed using post-injection MRI or gross sections. Images from the proximal, middle, and distal portions of the ligament were blindly evaluated for successful injection. McNemar\'s test was performed to determine statistical difference between injection techniques. Fisher\'s exact test was used to evaluate number of injection attempts and injection of the medial or lateral collateral ligament. MRI-guided injection was successful more frequently than radiographic-guided injection on post-injection MRI (24 of 30 versus 9 of 30; p=0.0006) and gross sections (26 of 30 versus 13 of 30; p=0.0008). At each level of the ligament (proximal, middle, and distal), MRI-guided injection resulted in more successful injections than radiographic guidance. Statistical significance occurred at the proximal aspect of the collateral ligament based on post-injection MRI (p=0.0143) and the middle portion of the ligament based on gross sections (p=0.0253). Based on these results, injection guided by standing, low-field MRI should be considered an option for delivering intralesional regenerative therapy to horses with desmopathy of these collateral ligaments.Master of Science
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Fuller, Michele. "Reviewing medium: paint as flesh." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008590.
Full textAbstract:
The research question explored in this exhibition and dissertation was to review the conventional notions of craftsmanship and the use of the specific medium of oil paint with reference to the art of Rembrandt and Damien Hirst. The subject matter is flesh. This study foregrounds the involvement and acknowledgment of the corporeal body, the hand of the artist, and of the organic material reality of our existence and the objects that surround us. The paintings reflect a series of interventions that resulted in abstracted images based on photographs of meat. Once a detail had emerged that emphasised the fleshiness of the selected image, it was printed by a professional printing company. These details were then translated into oil paintings. What is explored is the specific material qualities of the binding mediums traditionally associated with the use of oil painting to create expressive paintings. In the creation of the series of paintings, I prepared binding mediums consisting of wax, stand oil, damar varnish, zel-ken liquin and acrylic paste medium mixed with manufactured readymade oil paints. Consequently the choice and exploration of the material possibilities of a specific medium becomes content, using art to explore the idea of art. Paint becomes flesh-like, having congealed over the surface of the technical support. These paintings propose an internal and an external reality simultaneously referenced through the flesh-like surface, pierced and cut to reveal multiple layers created on the supporting structure (wood and canvas) with the use of a specific medium, oil paint, combined with a variety of other binding mediums. The edges of the unframed paintings play an important role assuming a specific physical presence, enabling them to define themselves as boundaries, both of the paintings particular field of forces and of the viewer’s aesthetic experience. They are no longer edges or frames in the conventional sense, but become other surfaces that are of equal significance in the reading or viewing of the work. Finally, the notion of an exhibition site being neutral or given is contested and, as a result, the contemporary artist needs to be mindful of site specificity in relation to the exhibition of the artworks. This series of paintings is intended to communicate as a body of work, reflecting an individual vision: a recurring, introspective process that is always unfolding. The body is constantly recreated by each individual viewer, and the context or site of display. The artist’s intention is to activate the viewer’s heightened awareness and response to the conscious arrangement of the collection of canvases, as each one represents a fragment or detail of a flayed carcass.
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Köhler, Isabel Cristina Carstens. "O cotidiano dos funcionários de um instituto médico legal frente à morte: uma leitura a partir da bioética personalista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23148/tde-28052010-123423/.
Full textAbstract:
Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que buscou compreender a vivência dos trabalhadores no universo do Instituto Médico Legal (IML) de Londrina Pr. Teve por objetivos analisar as experiências dos funcionários no IML com morte, identificar os desafios advindos e as percepções sobre a humanização no cotidiano do processo de trabalho em seu ambiente profissional. O referencial teórico adotado foi a Bioética Personalista. Para a coleta de dados optou-se por utilizar a entrevista semiestruturada. A saturação das entrevistas foi atingida com a participação de 12 profissionais do Instituto Médico Legal, incluindo representantes de todos os segmentos funcionais. As entrevistas foram realizadas de abril de 2008 a março de 2009. Para a construção das categorias empíricas foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Esta análise seguindo um ordenamento conceitual conduziu à definição de três categorias temáticas: (1) o objeto do trabalho no Instituto Médico Legal; (2) a experiência do trabalhador do Instituto Médico Legal com morte e; (3) o cotidiano no processo de trabalho no Instituto Médico Legal. As três categorias versam sobre o processo de trabalho dos funcionários do Instituto Médico Legal de Londrina, cujas atividades laborativas são interdisciplinares. Nela estão incluídas as características do trabalho pericial em cadáveres, a representação do cadáver enquanto objeto de trabalho e os sentimentos vividos pelos funcionários em atuação. O cadáver enquanto objeto de trabalho foi percebido como uma pessoa num corpo calado, resultado de escolhas de vida e como membro de uma família. A família do cadáver também foi percebida como um objeto de trabalho, na perspectiva do atendimento e acolhimento que esta necessita neste momento de morte abrupta, em suas diferentes formas de reação. A segunda categoria versa sobre as percepções do fato da morte em si; seus significados agrupados nas dimensões biológica, religiosa e filosófica e; os sentimentos vivenciados frente ao final da vida. A terceira categoria abrange as características do processo de trabalho pericial e os sentimentos frente a esta prática. Emergem nas características do processo pericial os aspectos legais, o desconhecimento social, a repercussão pública, a ignorância do resultado final, as situações inesperadas e inusitadas, o trabalho em equipe e a carga laborativa. Entre os sentimentos surgem a tristeza, a compaixão, a dor, o medo, a surpresa, a exaustão, a impotência, a realização profissional e o resgate como ser humano. Nesse trabalho insurgiram desafios enquanto pessoas e enquanto profissionais técnicos, no atendimento pericial tanto às vítimas como aos familiares, no momento de morte. Resultados deste estudo evidenciam que os funcionários do IML são impelidos ao resgate de suas crenças e valores enquanto pessoas, desde o momento em que, conceituam morte, recordam-se de suas vivências, trabalham em equipe, relacionam-se com o cadáver e com os familiares deste.This is a qualitative research that aimed to understand the experience of workers in the universe of the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Londrina-PR. The three objectives were to analyze the experiences of these workers with death, identify the challenges sprung from this work and their perceptions about humanization in their daily work process at the work environment. The Personalistic Bioethics theoretical reference was used. Semi-structured interviews were chosen for data collection. The interviews saturation was reached by the participation of 12 Institute of Forensic Medicine workers, representing all functional sectors. The interviews were conducted from April 2008 to March 2009. The Bardin Content Analysis was used to build empirical categories. By following a conceptual ordering, this analysis led to three thematic categories: (1): the object of work at the Institute of Forensic Medicine; (2) the Institute of Forensic Medicine workers experience with death and; (3) the daily routine in the work process at the Institute of Forensic Medicine. These three categories approach the work process of the Institute of Forensic Medicine workers in Londrina, whose work activities are interdisciplinary. These activities include forensic procedures in corpses, the representation of the corpse as object of work and the feelings expressed by the workers in action. The corpse, as object of work, was acknowledged as a person in a quiet body, the result of choices made in life and as a member of a family. The corpse family was also acknowledged as object of work, regarding reception and acceptance that this family needs in this moment of abrupt death, considering their different reactions towards it. The second category approaches the perceptions about death as a fact; its meanings grouped in the biological, religious and philosophical dimensions; and the feelings experienced towards the end of life. The third category regards the characteristics of forensic work process and the feelings towards this activity. These characteristics include the legal aspects, the social unrecognition, the media repercussion, the ignorance about the final result, the unexpected and peculiar situations, the team work and the work load. Among the feelings there are sadness, compassion, pain, fear, surprise, exhaustion, impotence, professional accomplishment and the recalling as a human being. In this work there were challenges regarding people as human beings and as technical workers, while conducting forensic work in victims or receptioning family members, during the moment of death. The results of this study highlight that the Institute of Forensic Medicine workers are impelled to regain their beliefs and values as people, since they define death, remember their experiences, work as a team, relate to the corpse and to its family members.
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Shah, Roshan Pradip. "A Comparison of Cyclic Valgus Loading on Reconstructed Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow." Yale University, 2008. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-08242007-151306/.
Full textAbstract:
This study compares the biomechanics of early cyclic valgus loading of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the elbow repaired by either the Jobe technique or the docking technique. Better understanding of the biomechanical properties of each reconstruction may help surgeons choose the optimal surgical technique, particularly in planning earlier rehabilitation programs. Sixteen fresh frozen cadaver limbs (eight pairs) were randomized to either the Jobe cohort or the docking cohort. First intact UCLs were tested, followed by the repaired constructions. A Bionix MTS apparatus applied a constant valgus load to the elbows at 70o flexion, and valgus displacement was measured and then used to calculate valgus angle displacement. The docking group had significantly less valgus angle displacement than the Jobe group at cycles 100 and 1,000 (p = 0.0189 and 0.0076, respectively). Four of the eight specimens in the Jobe group failed at the tendon-suture interface before reaching 1,000 cycles, at cycles 7, 24, 250, and 362. None of the docking specimens failed before reaching 1,000 cycles. In this cadaveric study, the docking technique resulted in less angulation of the elbow in response to cyclic valgus loading as compared to the Jobe technique. The better response to valgus loading of the docking reconstruction may translate into a better response to early rehabilitation. Further study is needed to determine if this difference translates into improved clinical outcomes.
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Brown, Kennard D. "An analysis of the differences in preemptive kidney transplantation between blacks and whites." View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version, 2008. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/2008-006-Brown-Index.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D. )--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2008.Title from title page screen (viewed on April 24, 2008 ). Research advisor: Shelly White-Means, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (xi, 101 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-100).
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Silva, Rosane Maria Guimarães da. "Avaliação do método de ensino da Técnica Cirúrgica utilizando cadáveres quimicamente preservados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-30042004-153005/.
Full textAbstract:
O treinamento em cadáveres nas disciplinas de Técnica Cirúrgica e Ortopedia vem sendo utilizado na Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, como método alternativo ao uso de animais vivos em aulas. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a possibilidade de treinamento cirúrgico em cadáveres quimicamente preservados com Solução de Larssen modificada e criopreservados. A preservação torna-se necessária para que os cadáveres mantenham características como cor, consistência e textura dos tecidos e flexibilidade das articulações o mais semelhante possível às encontradas no animal vivo e para que possam ser utilizados várias vezes diminuindo assim o número de animais necessários para as aulas. As características dos cadáveres foram observadas durante as aulas práticas e o método de ensino foi avaliado através de um questionário respondido pelos alunos. Foi possível concluir através da análise dos questionários que o método de ensino utilizado foi bem aceito pelos alunos e que o uso de cadáveres quimicamente preservados com Solução de Larssen modificada permite treinamento intenso e adequado das técnicas cirúrgicas realizadas durante as disciplinas. A técnica de conservação com a Solução de Larssen modificada em conjunto com a criopreservação mantiveram as características organolépticas dos cadáveres semelhantes às encontradas nos animais vivos.Training with cadavers in surgical techniques and orthopedics is being done at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the University of São Paulo, as an alternative to the use of live animals in classes. In this work we evaluate the possibility of surgical training with cadavers chemically preserved with modified Solution of Larssen and cryopreservation techniques. Preservation is necessary so that the cadavers maintain characteristics as close as possible to those found in the live animal, such as color, tissue consistency and texture, and joint flexibility, and so that they can be used several times, thereby reducing the number of animals necessary for classes. The characteristics of the cadavers were observed during practice classes, and the teaching method was evaluated through a questionnaire completed by the students. From the responses to this questionnaire it was possible to conclude that the teaching method described here is being well accepted by the students and that the use of cadavers chemically preserved with modified Solution of Larssen allows intense and adequate training in the surgical techniques performed during the course. The method of preservation with modified Solution of Larssen and cryopreservation techniques kept the organoleptic characteristics of the cadavers similar to those found in live animal.
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Alves, Raphael Vicente. "Os sulcos e giros na face súpero-lateral do lobo occipital." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5132/tde-11082014-121240/.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUÇÃO: A anatomia da face súpero-lateral do lobo occipital é tão complexa e variável que a sua descrição precisa não é encontrada nos livros clássicos de anatomia. Os sulcos e giros occipitais da convexidade cerebral encontram-se descritos com nomenclaturas diferentes de acordo com os diversos autores. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar e descrever a anatomia da face súpero-lateral lobo occipital e esclarecer a sua nomenclatura. MÉTODOS: As configurações anatômicas dos sulcos e giros na face súpero-lateral do lobo occipital de 20 hemisférios cerebrais foram examinados a fim de identificar os padrões mais característicos e consistentes. RESULTADOS: Os sulcos occipitais mais característicos e consistentes identificados neste estudo foram o sulco intraoccipital, o sulco occipital transverso e o sulco occipital lateral. A morfologia da junção do sulco occipital transverso com o sulco intraoccipital foi identificada como sendo o aspecto mais importante para definir o padrão de giros cerebrais da face súperolateral do lobo occipital. CONCLUSÕES: O conhecimento das principais características dos sulcos e giros occipitais permite o reconhecimento de uma configuração básica do lobo occipital e a identificação de suas principais variações anatômicasBACKGROUND: The anatomy of the occipital lobe convexity is so intricate and variable that its precise description is not found in the classic anatomy textbooks, and the occipital sulci and gyri are described with different nomenclatures according to different authors. The aim of this study was to investigate and describe the anatomy of the occipital lobe convexity and clarify its nomenclature. METHODS: The configurations of sulci and gyri on the lateral surface of the occipital lobe of 20 cerebral hemispheres were examined in order to identify the most characteristic and consistent patterns. RESULTS: The most characteristic and consistent occipital sulci identified in this study were the intraoccipital, transverse occipital, and lateral occipital sulci. The morphology of the transverse occipital sulcus and the intraoccipital sulcus connection was identified as the most important aspect to define the gyral pattern of the occipital lobe convexity. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the main features of the occipital sulci and gyri permits the recognition of a basic configuration of the occipital lobe and the identification of its sulcal and gyral variations
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Nogueira, Monica Paschoal. "Efeito da descompressão limitada do nervo fibular após a osteotomia em varo da tíbia proximal: estudo em cadáveres." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-19032007-123843/.
Full textAbstract:
As lesões nervosas são freqüentes nos alongamentos e correções de deformidades dos membros inferiores. As lesões por estiramento do nervo fibular podem ser tratadas pela redução da taxa de alongamento ou do ritmo de correção gradual de deformidades até melhora clínica, ou pela descompressão cirúrgica, como demonstrado em estudos clínicos. Essa cirurgia mostrou-se eficaz para o tratamento dessas lesões, assim como outras de diversas etiologias, mas a quantificação da redução da tensão no nervo, a partir de uma descompressão limitada, não é conhecida. O presente estudo objetivou a mensuração da variação da tensão no nervo fibular após a osteotomia em varo da tíbia proximal, e em seguida após a descompressão limitada desse nervo. Essa descompressão limitada é realizada em dois pontos considerados anatomicamente importantes para o aumento da tensão no nervo: as fáscias superficial e profunda do músculo fibular longo, e o septo intermuscular anterior. A tensão no nervo foi medida através de um aparelho desenvolvido para tracionar o nervo perpendicularmente a seu eixo e medir sua reação em microdeformações com um transdutor de força. O gráfico de força por deformação produzido pelo computador mostrou uma fase inicial de acomodação, e depois apresentou comportamento linear. Essa porção da linear da curva, possibilitou o cálculo da rigidez do nervo em três momentos: pré osteotomia em varo, após a osteotomia em varo, e após a descompressão do nervo fibular. Os valores obtidos em sete cadáveres (quatorze membros inferiores) foram tratados estatisticamente através de análise de variância para medidas repetidas, obtendo-se o aumento significativo da tensão (p = 0,0002) após a osteotomia e a redução da mesma (p = 0,0003) após a descompressão do nervo fibular ao nível do colo da fíbula. Foi observado também que não houve diferença significativa entre os valores observados ao início em relação aos valores obtidos após descompressão do nervo (p= 0,3666).Nerve injuries are complications often observed in lengthening and deformity correction in lower limbs. The peroneal nerve stretch lesions can be treated by slowing the rate of distraction or deformity correction or by surgical decompression, as demonstrated by clinical studies. This surgery proved to be very efficient to treat these lesions, but the amount of reduction of the nerve tension was not quantified. This study aims to measure the variation of the tension in the peroneal nerve (after varus osteotomy in the proximal tibia and after surgical decompression). The decompression is performed in two levels considered anatomically important to the increase of the nerve tension: the superficial and deep peroneus longus muscle fasciae, and the anterior intramuscular septum. The nerve tension was measured through a device developed to apply traction in the nerve perpendiculary to its axis, and capture the nerve reaction with a force transducer. It was then possible to plot a graphic of force by deformation that showed an accomodation phase followed by a linear segment. This region of the curve allowed to obtain the rigidity values in the three situations: pre varus osteotomy, after varus osteotomy and after peroneal nerve decompression. The values obtained in seven cadavera (fourteen lower limbs) were statistically treated by the multiple variance analysis. The results showed there was a significative increase of tension (p = 0.0002) after the osteotomy and varus positioning, and an also significant decrease (p = 0.0003) after peroneal nerve decompression at the level of the fibular neck. It was also observed no significative difference between the values obtained in the beginning of the experiment (pre varus osteotomy) if compared with the values obtained after nerve decompression (p= 0.3666).
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Asaad, Kamil. "Comparative histology of human skin." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5711.
Full textAbstract:
There are 5 distinct aspects to this study. (i) Two histological stains for
collagen were compared against each other for the first time, namely Herovici's technique and picrosirius-polarization. (ii) Skin samples from
embalmed cadaveric tissue from human cadavers were compared against
samples taken from surgical patients. (iii) Skin samples were studied from
different regions of the body to assess if dermal structure correlates with
scarring potential. (iv) Skin samples were sectioned in a plane parallel to the
epidermis to gain further insight into dermal structure. (v) A novel basement
membrane stain was produced.
Type I and type III collagen are important structural constituents of dermis
and play a crucial role in wound healing. Only two traditional histological
methods are thought to differentiate between them, so avoiding the need for
antibodies. These were compared against each other for the first time in
order to establish differences in image quality and discrimination between
Type I and type III collagen. Neither technique requires antibodies, however
picrosirius requires polarisation microscopy.
to result in a clearer, consistently reproducible collagen staining pattern than
the picrosirius method and more importantly did not require elaborate
apparatus to analyze. Additionally other cellular elements were visible.
Skin samples for research are often obtained from surgical excision. This
clearly limits which tissues are available for comparative study to those areas operated on. Studying samples from embalmed medical school cadavers
has the great advantage of studying areas of the body not routinely available
from common surgical procedures. It was therefore desirable to assess
whether embalmed cadaveric tissues exhibited different properties by virtue
of their age and the embalming process compared to fresh surgical
specimens, in order to give confidence that studies utilising the former would
be equally valid. To test this, 58 skin samples from embalmed medical
school cadavers were compared to skin samples from 38 fresh operative
specimens. The levels of tissue preservation and processing artefacts were
similar in both groups. Embalmed medical school cadavers clearly offer an
opportunity to study tissue areas not routinely available during surgery. This
is the first time such a comparison has been made.
Many things will affect the final appearance of the scar, but the single most
important determinant is the body region affected. The most common areas
for unfavourable scarring, specifically keloid or hypertrophic scarring have
been shown to be the ear, deltoid and sternal areas. To test the hypothesis
that there is no difference in histological structure of skin that correlates to
body region, comparative histology was undertaken exploring the regional
variations of skin characteristics in 58 cadaveric samples. Closely
comparable samples were taken from the deltoid (9), abdomen (13), sternum
(10), post-auricular (5), earlobe (12) and eyelid (9). Epidermal thickness,
epidermal appendage density and collagen fibre orientation were examined
and qualitative structural differences were assessed for each region Skin samples were then grouped by both topographical location of the body
and scarring potential. Skin samples exhibited qualitative and quantifiable
regional variations in the characteristics studied. Epidermal thickness and
appendage counts did not correlate with scarring potential. Both however
were statistically significantly higher in skin sampled from the head compared
to the trunk. Bundles of collagen fibres in the reticular dermis were grouped
according to their orientation in relation to the coronal plane; either parallel,
oblique or perpendicular. The ratio of oblique to parallel fibres was
statistically significantly higher in body areas with poorer scarring prognosis.
This corresponds to a more disorganised arrangement of collagen fibres in
these areas.
Further qualitative understanding of dermal collagen fibres came from
perpendicular to conventional histological samples. This new method stained basement membranes purple, cytoplasm was stained greenish-brown and nuclei dark brown. Collagen fibres were either thin and blue or thick and green. This
method was compared to PAS staining and although required more
preparative steps allows greater identification of other cellular structures.