Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cadre de connaissance'
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Moradi, Mahmoud. "Gestion des connaissances et modélisation d'entreprise : contribution à un cadre méthodologique unifié." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13831/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to analyze the relation between enterprise modeling and knowledge management (modeling as a way of knowledge externalization and knowledge as a view in modeling) and next to propose a global framework which will be able to unify two approaches. The contribution of this research is divided into four major axes: 1. To propose a conceptual and theoretic comparison study of two approaches. 2. To propose a value chain of knowledge creation in a value added way to unify the basic terminology in the context of knowledge in the organizations. This proposition named Value Chain of Knowledge Creation (VCKC). 3. To propose a reference model as the theoretic foundation of implementing knowledge management approach in the organizations named Intent-Content-Context-Evolution (I2CE). 4. To propose a knowledge engineering framework in the enterprises named Knowledge Based Enterprise Engineering (KBEE)
Vandenbussche, Pierre-Yves. "Définition d'un cadre formel de représentation des Systèmes d'Organisation de la Connaissance." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642545.
Full textMauriac, Jérôme. "De l'information à la connaissance : étude expérimentale dans le cadre de BDPA." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30024.
Full textFrom the current debates on Knowledge Management which generate the Information Sciences, BDPA has developed its own strategy for renovating its own information services. BDPA has been involved in the creation and management of information and documentation networks for nearly forty years. It was necessary to explore new approaches in order to improve its skills and knowledge transfer services for the benefit of actors in the socio-economic sector in developing countries. Nowadays Information Systems not only control the information environment of organisations, but also deal with the relevant knowledge held by human beings which is not already inscribed and which can not be directly mobilised. So, the information and documentation specialists, after having been focused on the documents then the information, have now to set up systems which facilitate the creation, memorisation and transmission of knowledge. The network approach developed by BDPA wants to provide an answer to this new challenge. This can be done with the use of new information and communication technologies advances and by giving a more important place to human intervention. The leaders of the knowledge network of are in charge of building group dynamics for assisting the setting up of an actual intelligent community of shared knowledge and best practices. The organisation involved will have to present a large range of information, training and communication services in order to facilitate the transmission of technologies and the creation of intelligence based on an active participation of members
Brunet, Olivier. "Etude de la connaissance dans le cadre d'observations partielles : la logique de l'observation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10129.
Full textAguilera, Ana Isabel. "Construction dynamique d'une base de connaissance dans le cadre du diagnostic médical multi-experts." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S144.
Full textThe research work presented in this thesis is related to the definition of knowledge acquisition method from multi-experts in medical diagnosis. Indeed, the medical environments and their knowledge associated have specific characteristics which require additional efforts in the design of knowledge systems. Our method consisted of three phases: 1) conceptual modeling of the agents which participate in the problem resolution, 2) development of computer tools for the knowledge acquisition and 3) validation of knowledge acquired. We achieved the phases described by our method and finally, we built a case base based on true cases and experts have validated it
Labidi, Sofiane. "Ingénierie de la connaissance dans le cadre de projets multi-experts : méthode, techniques et outil." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE4860.
Full textSmaïl-Tabbone, Malika. "Raisonnement à base de cas pour une recherche évolutive d'information : prototype cabri-n : vers la définition d'un cadre d'acquisition de connaissances." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10409.
Full textSauvagnac, Catherine. "La construction de connaissances par l'utilisation et la conception de procédures : contribution au cadre théorique des activités métafonctionnelles." Paris, CNAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2001CNAM0362.
Full textAl-Moussa, Yasser. "Un langage de spécification de la connaissance statistique dans un cadre de système expert de contrôle de qualité." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX32036.
Full textThis work want to define a model of an expert system for representation and resolution of the quality statistical control problem (reception control and by attributs case). The structure of this model is based on the definition of a specification language of statistical knowledge for representation and resolution of the problem by the decisional statistical model (conception methodes of the decision rules according to the differentes statistical principales). The statistical knwledge are sometime heuristic, so they are represented by production rules : algorithmic ones are represented by tangly processes, ordered by the rules. The same type of knowledge are grouped in the same modules. Each module has got one or more tasks, according a general reasoning strategy;. The expertise in the domain (conception methode of a sampling plan) are represebted by strategies, in a module "control strategies". The knowledges of these modules are susceptible to create formal representation by the specification language, by the countershaft of the module "representation by statistic" of the environment and the objectives control" with conceptionof the decisional statistical model
Glaser, Norbert. "Contribution à l'acquisition et à la modélisation de connaissances dans un cadre multi-agents : l’approche CoMoMAS." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10300.
Full textTari, Thomas. "Le domaine des recherches. L'émergence et le développement des bioénergies comme cadre de production de connaissances." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0072/document.
Full textNeither academic training within scientific disciplines, nor the daily work in the lab involving specialised equipments, define alone a scientific culture. What diverse researchers from various backgrounds work on, builds a specific way of designing their own activities, practices and relationships with the world. Their individual success is irrevocably bound to a subject, to its fortune as an innovation within the boundaries of a social context it simultaneously changes. How do they perform this (re)conversion to a new domain, as funding agencies nowaday favor this thematic framing? This thesis proposes an investigation into the notion of “research area”, which we a priori define as the frame of interactions between the professional activity of researchers and society around a shared theme; it stands up for its epistemic dimension.This manuscript parallelly describes the “bioenergy” development, a major form of renewable or sustainable energy derived from biomass, its social actors and their interrelations, as strong incentives towards a global energy transition meet sharp social controversies. The two objectives of this thesis meet: describing the inherent style of thinking within a particular research area is required to grasp, beyond the hopes and promises, the actual patterns of development of an innovation (in this case, the large-scale mobilisation of plants, microorganisms or waste to produce biofuels) and thus, ultimately, to collectively evaluate its relevance
Pronovost, Marie-Sol. "Comparaison de deux activités de connaissance de soi dans le cadre de groupes de counseling avec une clientèle adulte en recherche d'emploi." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/605.
Full textHassold, Audrey Anne. "Systèmes de production de connaissance territoriale : conditions de mise en oeuvre et de fonctionnement d'un observatoire transversal dans le cadre des agences d'urbanisme." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR20087.
Full textThe territory we occupy can be translated into a complex system of separate but interrelated phenomena that involve many actors on many territorial scales. The choices of actions led at this level: the orientation of public policies and the implementation of development projects are based on the knowledge of territorial phenomena as reciprocity of their effects and their development opportunities. The urban planning agencies are a part of a local system decision support, in which they participate through their observer mission. This research helps to understand the organization of territorial knowledge production in urban planning agencies and given the complexity of the territory to open a debate on the way the interdisciplinary dimension of the observation
Daadaoui, Latifa. "La gouvernance du processus d'innovation : Cas de la valorisation non alimentaire des agro-ressources dans le cadre d'un pôle de compétitivité." Paris 9, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA090072.
Full textHow to organize collective action to be innovative ? is a burning question for organization, territories and States. Through a definition of innovation process in terms of knowledge and relationships between actors, we try to explore the governance arrangements of collective action in non-food use of agro-resources in the particular context of a French competitiveness cluster « le pôle de compétitivité IAR». This cluster was initiated in France in order to improve industrial performance through innovation and promoting industry-research relationships in a territory. To do so, we use a qualitative methodology with a case study approach of two projects. As interested by the two levels cluster and project, we see how the characteristics of the innovation process affect the building and dynamics of governance. We emphasize the importance of the coupling scientific / relational governance and the functional complementarity of its mechanisms. The articulation of these different levels refers to the complementarity of their roles in the innovation process and of their governance mechanisms
Galland, Sébastien. "Le partage de l'expertise et de la connaissance technique dans le cadre de la veille stratégique : aide à l'innovation et à la prise de décision." Toulon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUL0010.
Full textIn a high technological context of strong competition, several companies base their strategy on innovation. Without information about new technology developments, competitors' strategy and market size, the decision-making for innovative project becomes more hazardous. So, STMicroelectronics built its strategy on innovation in order to improve the marketing of new products. To support this innovation strategy and to help the decision makers to know all necessary information to a decision-making, the STMicroelectronics Tours site has created a competitive intelligence (CI) team: the Market Intelligence. To support the innovation, the Market Intelligence is organized according to three kind of Intelligence: The Helpful Intelligence which supply information for the most part of employees The Company Area Intelligence which allow to watch the competitors, the customers, the suppliers, etc. The Project Intelligence which consists in the study of complex topics in collaboration with experts. In order to improve the first step of innovation process, the Market Intelligence team has set up a new process: the expert group approach. It was created in order to share and analyze information between experts with the aim of supporting the Management to identify new strategic trends
Esculier, Christian. "Introduction à la tolérance sémantique : la prise en compte des exceptions dans le cadre du couplage des bases de données et des bases de connaissances." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333100.
Full textFavre, Romain. "En quoi le niveau de connaissance médicale et la position des médecins respectent-ils ou non le consentement des patientes dans le cadre du dépistage de la Trisomie 21?" Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05T009.
Full textWe evaluate the knowledge of the doctors in prenatal screening for Down syndrome (DS) using first trimester ultrasound screening (USS) and maternal serum screening (MSS) as well as there personal positions regarding these two tests. In a second time, we evaluate the relationship of these two parameters on the level of informed consent of their patients. A first questionnaire was sent to the professional. 276 doctors have answered back. They are clearly in favour of USS (92. 4 %), but theirs knowledge are very low, only 35. 5 % have a good level. 18. 8 % have a partisan position towards theirs patients. Only 31. 9 % are in a position promoting theirs patients' consents. The MSS is less appreciated by the doctors, only 57. 9 % are in favour of this test. On the other hand theirs test's knowledge are better. 57. 2 % of the practitioners have a good level. Only 6. 9 % of these doctors are partisan. Three independent factors have a favourable influence on the patients: the hospital's practitioners, the obstetricians and the professional working in a large city. 434 questionnaires were filled by the patients. Only 24. 2 % of the patients have an informed consent to USS. 69. 4 % are favourable, but have poor knowledge. 6. 2 % are not in favour of this test. 76 % of the patients agree blindly. The MSS have a higher rate of informed consent, 38 %, but 64. 5 % agree blindly. Concerning USS, the doctor's knowledge influence directly the knowledge's level of their patients. The attitude of the professionals for both tests have an influence on the maternal attitude. Finally, for the ultrasound screening the autonomist position of the medical population have a positive impact on the rate of informed consent of their patients. The factors who could influence on the low rate of informed consent are discussed, in particular the impossible patient's autonomy because of the absence of alternative to medical termination
Jean-Amans, Philippe. "Contribution à la connaissance de l'élaboration du programme individuel de formation dans le cadre de la loi du 4 mai 2004 : l'exemple du secteur aéronautique et spatial en Midi-Pyrénées." Toulouse 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU10027.
Full textThis research aims at increasing our knowledge of the development of the individual programs of training since the law of 1971 while passing by the White Paper of nicole Pery, until the law of May 4, 2004. Since the signature of the interprofessional agreement of September 20 2003 which led to the promulgation of the law May 2004 device of Continuous Vocational training reforms, many questions emerged as for the implementation and use of the DIF (Individual Right to the Formation) by the companies and the employees, and this in accorda,ce with the orientations fixed by the legislator. A model of analysis is developed and tests several assumptions relating to the effectiveness of the practices within the framework of the management of the individual Programme of Formation within the companies of the Pole of Competitiveness AESE (Aerospace industry and Spaces-Systems Embarked in Midi-Pyrénées). An empirical study is undertaken near the Pole of Competitiveness AESE and more particulary to started from a sample of 25 companies representing more than 25 000 employees. The main results highlight that the setting in action of the DIF is increased when the company has a developed service human resources and a person in charge formation. In this direction, the use of the DIF is in positive relation with the population of women employees in the company and finally, the presence of a person in charge of training programs is favorable to the communication on the DIF. The principal contributions of this research are an approach of the individual program of formation, through the effective installation of the DIF and the test of the model of our research
Catalogna, Maxime. "Expérimentations de pratiques agroécologiques réalisées par des agriculteurs : proposition d’un cadre d’analyse à partir du cas des grandes cultures et du maraîchage diversifié dans le département de la Drôme." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0705/document.
Full textThe intensification of ecological processes proposed by agroecology is highly dependent on the agricultural context. A renewal of farming knowledge is necessary to adapt each agro-ecological practice. In this thesis, we studied farmers’ experiments, defined as a process of testing practices that embody hypotheses both on their implementation and on the targeted agro-ecological processes. Our work is based on surveys of 17 farmers, mainly Drôme farmers, who were either diversified market gardeners or cereal farmers.We have formalized the farmers’ experiments with two notions: the experimental situation (SE) and the experimentation itinerary (ITE). They concern respectively short time (annual or infra-annual) and long time (multi-year) and are the subject of the first two chapters of the results. In the first one, we built an analytical framework that includes design, implementation and evaluation phases. From this framework, we studied the diversity of a sample of 181 SEs and identified 10 groups of SEs organized into 4 clusters. The typology obtained depends on a particular variable which is the type of link to previous SEs. In the second chapter of the result, we have deepened these links by focusing on ITEs, defined as the combination of different SEs on a particular agro-ecological theme. We identified 4 types of ITEs that differ in their experimental intensity, the links between SEs and the emission or not of new experimental branches.The third chapter of the result deals with the question of farmers developing knowledge through their experiments. After having characterized different forms of knowledge, more or less stabilized, we propose three processes for the development of advanced knowledge through experimentation.The SE/ITE model is promising to support farmers. The chronological timeline of SEs organized in ITEs represents a potential reflexivity tool
Odumuyiwa, Victor. "La gestion de la recherche collaborative d'information dans le cadre du processus d'intelligence économique." Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634665.
Full textAubry, Geoffroy. "Un cadre logique pour la génération d'arguments." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00632496.
Full textPensa, Ruggero Gaetano. "Un Cadre générique pour la co-classification sous contraintes : application à l'analyse du transcriptome." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0078/these.pdf.
Full textThe search for interesting groups in boolean data (sets of objects described by sets of properties) has motivated the design of methods for computing global patterns (e. G. . , partitions), and extracting local patterns s(e. G. , frequent itemsets, association rules, formal concepts. This thesis concerns co-clustering, i. E. , computing bi-partitions (coupled partitions on both dimensions). When using available co-clustering algorithms, the user can hardly exploit his/her domain knowledge since he/she has limited possibilities for setting just a few parameters. On the other hand, classical local pattern mining techniques usually provide huge collections of patterns that are hard to evaluate and interpret. We have designed a new co-clustering framework which computes a bi-partition by starting from collections of patterns that capture locally strong associations (e. G. , formal concepts, delta-bi-set that are a form of fault-tolerant patterns). The idea is that the available information about the local patterns can be exploited to build a relevant global pattern. It becomes possible to consider the declarative specification of constraints on the bi-partitions (e. G. , user-defined requirements about the shape of clusters) and to use such constraints at the local pattern mining step and then during the co-clustering phase. As such, our proposal is a contribution to the recent domain of constraint-based clustering. A dual approach consists in using local patterns to interpret bi-partitions. We propose a method for bi-cluster characterization by means of local patterns and their associated interestingness measures. The application of our methods to a gene expression data analysis scenario has illustrated the added-value of our proposal to give rise to plausible biological hypothesis
Pensa, Ruggero Gaetano Boulicaut Jean-François Robardet Céline. "Un Cadre générique pour la co-classification sous contraintes application à l'analyse du transcriptome /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=pensa.
Full textViaud, Jean-François. "Cadre général pour la recherche d'information et l'extraction de connaissances par l'exploration de treillis." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS012/document.
Full textDuring the last two decades, data have literrally overwhelmed the world. Indeed a huge amount of heterogenous data is daily produced, so that techniques of Information Retrieval have to evolve to order them and select relevant ones. On the other side, techniques of Knowledge Discovery are able to extract a potentially exponential number of patterns from data, especially association rules, so that new tools have to be defined to help data analysts in their job. Both information retrieval and knowledge discovery address the same issue : they structure and organize data. Nevertheless their points of view are different : the former selects and ranks data whether the latter classifies and clusters them. Formal Concept Analysis (FCA), introduced by R. Wille, uses concept lattices to reveal both an order and a classification inside data. However, it is well known in the FCA community, that these concept lattices may have an exponential size with respect to data. For all these reasons, tools to reduce the size of data, or lattices, are needed. In this thesis, some distributed algorithms for FCA have been designed in order to reduce input data into small pieces. Different decompositions of lattices have also been studied or defined, some based on congruence relations, other on tolerance relations. At last, to help the user in his choices of reduction, a general framework, named LattExp, have been defined. LattExp provides a navigation facility through reductions/decompositions and guide the user in his choices
Djennaoui, Mohand-Said. "Structuration des données dans le cadre d'un système de gestion de bases de connaissances." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0077.
Full textBoth the deduction and the structuration of the information are essential features for the new generation of DBMS (namely Knowledge Base management System : KBMS). EPSILON is KBMS integration (combining) logic programming (PROLOG) and relational databases ; It allows to use data stored in the data bases as prolog's facts and with user transparency. This work descibes the system's enriching by endowing it with structuration mechanisms in the sens of NF2 relations (Nested relations). The user can define external views based on a NF2 model. At the internal level, the relations remain compatible with the traditional relational model. Around the EPSILON kermel, we have designed and developed: - A meta-interpreter of logic based language including sets and tuples constructors. - A translater which allows to use the met-interpreter in a transparency way. - A meta-interpreter which allows to handle SQL request relation
Xu, Wenyi. "Modélisation et exploitation de base de connaissances dans le cadre du web des objets." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066009/document.
Full textThe concept Web of things (WOT) is gradually becoming a reality as the result of development of network and hardware technologies. Nowadays, there is an increasing number of objects that can be used in predesigned applications. The world is thus more tightly connected, various objects can share their information as well as being triggered through a Web-like structure. However, even if the heterogeneous objects have the ability to be connected to the Web, they cannot be used in different applications unless there is a common model so that their heterogeneity can be described and understood. In this thesis, we want to provide a common model to describe those heterogeneous objects and use them to solve user’s problems. Users can have various requests, either to find a particular object, or to fulfill some tasks. We highlight thus two research directions. The first step is to model those heterogeneous objects and related concepts in WOT, and the next step is to use this model to fulfill user’s requests. Thus, we first study the existing technologies, applications and domains where the WOT can be applied. We compare the existing description models in this domain and find their insufficiency to be applied in the WOT
Zaher, Mohamed Hédi. "Recherche ouverte d'information : d'un cadre théorique à une infrastructure informatique." Troyes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TROY0025.
Full textSeveral scientific fields interest on Information Retrieval (IR). This thesis presents particularly the computational and the cognitive approaches of this problematic. The computational approaches are trying to adapt paradigms from algebra, formal logic, probability, statistics or other mathematics fields to design models, data structures and algorithms for Information Retrieval and the automatic matching. The cognitive approaches study the activity of information seeking. They analyze its cognitive processes, its underlying representations and the IR digital environments. This thesis proposes the Open Information Research (OIR): a new framework that considers the IR as an open activity implementing several methods of research and access to information. The OIR is studying the IR's cognitive aspects, the design of digital artifacts and architecture based on knowledge engineering and socio-semantic Web. We present the Hypertopic model and protocol and we show how they are designed for OIR. We propose a Hypertopic implementation in the Agoræ platform and we evaluate in the context of different research projects
Deacken, Nadia. "Le sentiment d'employabilité des cadres seniors, secteur privé français : définition, opérationnalisation et déterminants." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1062/document.
Full textSelf-perceived employability as an integrated element of employability…nor has it been really mentioned in modern-day managerial practices. Academic research on the topic is quite limited. It’s almost non-existent when individuals are confronted with difficulties in changing jobs: a tricky context when they get older. An extensive literature review backs up these concepts and delivers an operationalization of the idea linked to the individuals versus socio-demographic variables and employment status. The suggested results are from a qualitative study carried out on more than 30 people. The results then led to a quantitative research on the operationalization of Self-perceived employability. Based on several confirmed scaled (with items linked to employability, and to a lesser extent, Self-perceived employability…and new items from the exploratory research), we built a questionnaire keeping in mind that this way could contribute to a new and innovative measurement of employability. The streamlined scale leads to a new construct with six statistical dimensions: Skills, Training, Sense of Self Efficacy, Networking (internal and external), Job Search Tools and realistic knowledge of the job market. All in all, the research offers a way which could forecast professional situations and allows a realistic evaluation of Self-perceived employability. This study also suggests that self-employability is linked to professional status (ie to be hired). This research could be used for other vulnerable groups (like junior workers) and also on different cultural contexts
Chourabi, Olfa. "Un cadre ontologique générique de modélisation, de capitalisation et de partage de Connaissances Métiers Situées en Ingénierie Système." Phd thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00446695.
Full textBuzon, Laurent Bouras Abdelaziz. "Contribution à la structuration des échanges de connaissances dans le cadre de relations de collaboration dans les chaînes logistiques." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2006. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2006/buzon_l.
Full textTissot, Alexandre. "Vers un système de management des connaissances : étude et caractérisation dans le cadre d'une entreprise à structure décentralisée." Phd thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECAP0974.
Full textNowadays, trying to differentiate from competitors, companies have to create new values, generated by their own capacity to manage knowledge. Companies are able to organize their knowledge flow using complex Knowledge Management Systems. The delivered research aims at caracterizing this kind of system using systemic approach. Our demarch was based on the construction of a knowledge management system "analysing table" created on :An ontological definition, founded on three elements (organization, community and information system) A funtionnal one, based on the five faces described by Michel Grundstein (identify, preserve, actualize, valorize and manage); And finally, a genetic one, supported by knowledge management system success factors, developped by Agnès Lancini. This analysing table was deployed in Vallourec Group, world seamless steel tubes leader, and two knowledge management systems were implemented and observed
Fonteyne, Véronique Marie Louise Jeanne Isabelle Cécile. "Application de connaissances terminologiques dans le cadre de l'enseignement du Français langue etrangère I et II." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5195.
Full textCom esta investigação, aplicámos conhecimentos terminológicos no âmbito do ensino do Francês Língua Estrangeira I e II, fundamentando esta escolha com a relação existente entre o domínio do ambiente e os documentos oficiais de orientação para o ensino/aprendizagem do Francês Língua Estrangeira, nomeadamente salientando a ligação entre os pontos mais pertinentes do Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para as Línguas e os conteúdos dos Programas de Francês LE I e II. A partir de um corpus actual recolhido e tratado criteriosamente por nós, propomos a concepção de uma base de dados terminológica, para fins didácticos no Ensino de Francês Língua Estrangeira I e II, na qual podemos encontrar unidades terminológicas nominais complexas e/ou colocações terminológicas do domínio do ambiente e que poderá servir para a formação inicial e/ou ao longo da vida para o público-alvo: professores e alunos interessados. Para criar esta base de dados relacional, concebemos uma base de dados documental, uma terminológica, uma textual e finalmente a base de dados de recursos terminodidácticos, usando para isso os nossos conhecimentos do Sistema de Gestão de Base de Dados, o que nos proporcionou bastante satisfação. Nesta dissertação, descrevemos todas as etapas e escolhas necessárias para atingir o objectivo máximo: criar esta ferramenta original e cientificamente de qualidade, simultaneamente motivadora para o ensino/aprendizagem, interactiva e evolutiva, levando o seu utilizador a uma maior consciência e quiçá – a boas práticas de “ecocidadania”
Masson, Cyrille. "Contribution au cadre des bases de données inductives : formalisation et évaluation des scénarios d'extraction de connaissances." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0042/these.pdf.
Full textThe success of database technologies has lead to an always increasing mass of collected information in different application fields. Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) aims at going further in the querying processes on such data so as to find in these data some hidden knowledge materialized under the form of patterns. The Inductive Database (IDB) concept is a generalization of the database concept which integrates patterns and data in a common framework. A KDD process can thus be seen as an extended querying process on an IDB. This PhD. Thesis is about the formalization and the evaluation of KDD scenarios in the IDB framework. We first show how to use an abstract language for IDBs to formally describe extraction processes that can be performed by the user. We thus obtain a prototypical scenario, i. E. A theoritical object made of a sequence of inductive queries and on which it is possible to reason. Such a kind of scenario is useful to formalize processes when transfering expertise between final users and KDD experts. Another application of the concept of scenario is the evaluation on a common basis of different implementations of IDBs, similarly to existing benchmarks for databases. An evaluation scenario has the same form than a prototypical scenario, but it focuses more on algorithmic issues and optimization techniques for sequences of inductive queries. When computing an execution plan for such a scenario, the IDB system should analyze the properties of queries composing it, by discovering dependencies between them or conjunctions of constraints for which it is useful to have efficient extraction tools. Finally, we present an evaluation scenario in the field of bioinformatics, and we show how to solve it by using techniques developed in our group or especially designed for the need of this scenario
Vie, Jill-Jênn. "Modèles de tests adaptatifs pour le diagnostic de connaissances dans un cadre d'apprentissage à grande échelle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC090/document.
Full textThis thesis studies adaptive tests within learning environments. It falls within educational data mining and learning analytics, where student educational data is processed so as to optimize their learning.Computerized assessments allow us to store and analyze student data easily, in order to provide better tests for future learners. In this thesis, we focus on computerized adaptive testing. Such adaptive tests which can ask a question to the learner, analyze their answer on the fly, and choose the next question to ask accordingly. This process reduces the number of questions to ask to a learner while keeping an accurate measurement of their level. Adaptive tests are today massively used in practice, for example in the GMAT and GRE standardized tests, that are administered to hundreds of thousands of students. Traditionally, models used for adaptive assessment have been mostly summative : they measure or rank effectively examinees, but do not provide any other feedback. Recent advances have focused on formative assessments, that provide more useful feedback for both the learner and the teacher ; hence, they are more useful for improving student learning.In this thesis, we have reviewed adaptive testing models from various research communities. We have compared them qualitatively and quantitatively. Thus, we have proposed an experimental protocol that we have implemented in order to compare the most popular adaptive testing models, on real data. This led us to provide a hybrid model for adaptive cognitive diagnosis, better than existing models for formative assessment on all tried datasets. Finally, we have developed a strategy for asking several questions at the beginning of a test in order to measure the learner more accurately. This system can be applied to the automatic generation of worksheets, for example on a massive online open course (MOOC)
Mounè, Philippe. "Contribution à l'étude de la sémantique des verbes d'action dans le cadre d'une approche orientée objet." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30080.
Full textBuzon, Laurent. "Contribution à la structuration des échanges de connaissances dans le cadre de relations de collaboration dans les chaînes logistiques." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00147393.
Full textMaaref, Abdenasser. "Le transfert de connaissances dans un cadre de joint venture : une approche des facteurs déterminants dans une logique interactive." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01022856.
Full textNachouki, Mirna. "L'acquisition de connaissances dans les systèmes dynamiques : production et utilisation dans le cadre de l'atelier de génie didacticiel intégré." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30001.
Full textZanni-Merk, Cecilia. "Proposition d'un cadre conceptuel pour l'analyse, la classification et le choix de systèmes de diagnostic à base de connaissances." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30010.
Full textThis dissertation proposes a framework to represent, analyse and compare knowledge-based diagnosis systems. It is defined by a three-dimensional space that is described by a conceptual, a functional and an ontological dimension. The conceptual dimension focuses on the problem solving method, while the functional dimension describes in which causality is represented in the models. Finally, the ontological dimension describes the nature of the phenomena to be diagnosed. In this way, the similarities and the differences among the systems can be easily observed and analysed. Further study of the conceptual dimension leads to the formulation of a unifying inference structure for describing this kind of systems. We call this unifying inference structure COPE. We remark that every inference structure of these systems may be seen as a particularisation of it. Additionally, COPE constitutes a general description of knowledge-base diagnosis systems when considered from a conceptual point of view
Kherroubi, Souad. "Un cadre formel pour l'intégration de connaissances du domaine dans la conception des systèmes : application au formalisme Event-B." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0230/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at defining techniques to better exploit the knowledge provided from the domain in order to account for the reality of systems described as complex and critical. Modeling is an essential step in performing verifications and expressing properties that a system must satisfy according to the needs and requirements established in the specifications. Modeling is a representation that simplifies the reality of a system. However, a complex system can not be reduced to a model. A model that represents a system must always fit into its observational theory to account for any anomalies that it may contain. Our study clearly shows that the context is the first issue to deal with as the main source of conflict in the design process of a system. The approach adopted in this thesis is that of integrating knowledge of the domain by associating the system to design with declarative formalisms qualified of descriptive ones that we call ontologies. We pay a particular attention to the Event-B formalism, whose correct-by-construction approach called refinement is the main mechanism at the heart of this formalism, which makes it possible to make proofs on abstract representations of systems for expressing and verifying properties of safety and invariance. The first problem treated is the representation and modeling of contextual knowledge in V&V of models. Following to the study looked at the different sources of conflict, we established new definitions and rules for a refinement context knowledge extraction for Event-B V&V. A study of logical formalisms that represent and interpret the context allowed us to define a new mechanism for better structuring Event-B models. A second study concerns the contribution that domain knowledge can make to the V&V of models. We define a logic for the Event-B formalism with domain constraints based on the description logic, and we define rules to integrate domain knowledge for model V&V. The evaluation of the proposals made deal with very complex case studies such as voting systems whose design patterns are also developed in this thesis. We raise fundamental issues about the complementarity that the integration of domain knowledge can bring to Event-B models by refinement using ontological reasoning, and we propose to define a new structures for a partially automated extraction on both levels, namely the V&V
Ben, Sta Hatem Bourey Jean-Pierre Bigand Michel Guedira Khaled. "Contribution de la modélisation conceptuelle à l'ingénierie du knowledge management application dans le cadre de la mémoire de projet /." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2008. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1052.
Full textTitre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 185-202, 104 réf.
Moulet, Lucie. "Modélisation de l'apprenant avec une approche par compétences dans le cadre d'environnement d'apprentissage en ligne." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066636.
Full textMarzouki, Meryem. "Approches à base de connaissances pour le test de circuits VLSI : application à la validation de prototypes dans le cadre d'un test sans contact." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339355.
Full textMarzouki-Kachoukh, Meryem Courtois Bernard Saucier Gabrièle. "Approches a base de connaissances pour le test de circuits VLSI application a la validation de prototypes dans le cadre d'un test sans contact /." S.l. : Université Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339355.
Full textPoulain-Rehm, Thierry. "Contribution à la connaissance de la politique de stock-options des entreprises françaises cotées : approche quantitative et qualitative." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40012.
Full textPoitras, Marie-Ève. "L’infirmière en GMF : vers une meilleure connaissance des activités réalisées auprès des personnes atteintes de maladies chroniques." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9761.
Full textAbstract : Context: Family Medicine Groups (FMG) are the most recently developed primary care organizations in Quebec (Canada). Nurses within FMG play a central role with patients with chronic diseases (CD). The portrait of the activities of FMG nurses with patients with CD has never been described. Objectives : 1) To provide a detailed description of FMG nurses’ activities with patient with CD; 2) To describe facilitators and barriers in regards to the development of these activities ; 3) To provide a provincial description of FMG nursing activities with patients with CD. Design : A mixed -method sequential explanatory design was conducted. Phase 1 : A multiple case study was performed with ten nurses practicing in FMG. Five data sources were used : 1) o bservation of meetings between nurses and patients (n=10); 2) individual semi-structured interviews with nurses (n=10) ; 3) individual semi-structured interviews with patients (n=10) ; 4) chart audits of participating patients (n=10) and 5) FMG document reviews. Qualitative analysis generated a list of activities and contextual elements. Phase 2 : A descriptive web survey was developed using the list of activities and systematic review. The web survey was validated and pre-tested. Phase 3 : A web-based survey was sent to 322 nurses practicing in Family Medicine Groups (FMG) . Descriptive statistics were summarized using frequencies, means, ranges and standard deviations. Results : Phase 1 : Multiple case study findings show that activities are clustered into five domains. Elements related to organization, nurse and patients with CD have an important impact on nurses’ activities. Phase 3 : 266 nurses answered the survey . Activities that fall under the domain “Health promotion” and “Global assessment of the patient” are the most frequently carried out by FMG nurses. Activities under the “Health services organization” domain are the ones performed the least . Conclusions : This study provides an in-depth description of nursing activities with patients with CD in the province of Quebec, Canada. Understanding this issue is crucial to optimize the primary care nursing workforce.
Atzeni, Thierry. "Organisation et évocation des connaissances sémantiques des concepts des domaines du vivant et du non vivant dans le cadre d'une approche épisodique de la mémoire." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAML034.
Full textEsculier, Christian Adiba Michel Chiaramella Yves. "Introduction à la tolérance sémantique la prise en compte des exceptions dans le cadre du couplage des bases de données et des bases de connaissances /." S.l. : Université Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333100.
Full textChanut, Véronique. "L'état employeur et l'état didactique : politique de gestion et formation au management public des cadres supérieurs du ministère de l'équipement." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010063.
Full textNóbrega, Germana Menezes da. "Une approche dialectique à la formation de théories : aspects conceptuels, formels et pragmatiques dans le cadre de l'apprentissage humain." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20096.
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