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Journal articles on the topic 'Caesarean Scar Site'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Sedhain, Nesuma, Ganesh Dangal, Aruna Karki, et al. "Caesarean Scar Endometriosis." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 15, no. 3 (2018): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v15i3.18859.

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Endometriosis is a common benign gynecologic disorder defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside of the normal location. The overall prevalence is 8–15% in women of reproductive age group. Scar endometriosis is a rare disease, and is difficult to diagnose. It is commonly seen following obstetrical and gynecological surgeries. The symptoms are non-specific, typically involving abdominal wall pain at the incision site at the time of menstruation and palpable tender mass in the incision site. The diagnosis is frequently made only after excision of the diseased tissue and its

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2

Kaluarachchi, CI, AJ Tissera, and SMG Gananatha Karunarathna. "Caesarean scar site complete molar pregnancy." Sri Lanka Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 35, no. 2 (2013): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljog.v35i2.6162.

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3

Sharma, Shuchi, Poojan Dogra, and Reena Sharma. "Caesarean scar pregnancy-a rare case report." International Journal of Clinical Trials 9, no. 1 (2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20220112.

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<p>Caesarean scar pregnancy is defined as implantation into the myometrial defect at the site of the previous uterine scar of the caesarean delivery. Here in, we report a case caesarean scar pregnancy in a 28 years old woman. The patient underwent laparotomy for removal of products of conception and resuturing of scar done. Overall prevalence is I in 2000 pregnancies. Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy is rare, but its incidence is increasing with rise in trend of caesarean sections. It is important to have early and accurate diagnosis of caesarean scar pregnancy to avoid life threatening

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4

B., Hiremath P., Vinothini Anandabaskar, Nivedhana Arthi, Rohini E., and Indu N. R. "A rare case of caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy: a case report." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 3 (2020): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200925.

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Scar ectopic pregnancy is a condition where the gestational sac implants into the previous caesarean scar site. Although it is a rare entity, its incidence is increasing due to rising rates of caesarean deliveries. Here authors report a case of caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy managed by laparotomy with caesarean scar ectopic excision following failed medical management. The patient recovered without any intraoperative or postoperative complications. An early diagnosis and management are vital in preventing maternal morbidity and mortality.

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N. Patil, Asmita, Sruthy Sudarsan, and Shailja Sharma. "CAESAREAN SCAR ECTOPIC PREGNANCY- A CASE SERIES." International Journal of Advanced Research 13, no. 03 (2025): 185–89. https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/20550.

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The majority of ectopic pregnancies are located within the fallopian tube, but pregnancies have been reported to implant at unusual sites. Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy is one of the rarest of all ectopic pregnancies, when blastocyst implants on a previous caesarean scar site. Incidence of caesarean scar ectopic is rising due to rise in caesarean section rates in this era. The diagnosis and management of caesarean scar ectopic poses a challenge for gynaecologist as well as radiologist and false negative diagnosis can lead to major complications. In this case series , I am reporting the case

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Devi, T. Ramani, T. Sweta, and C. Archana Devi. "Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 5 (2018): 2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20181952.

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Ectopic pregnancy is a common cause of mortality and morbidity among the women of reproductive age group. Tubal pregnancy is the commonest. It can occur in cervix, ovaries, previous caesarean scar, interstitial portion of the tube and abdominal cavity. Here we report a case of caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy which was managed conservatively. 31 yrs old gravid 3 previous 1 LSCS and 1 tubal ectopic come for antenatal consultation at 35 days of gestation. UPT was Positive. USG showed no evidence of intra uterine sac. Repeat scan after 10 days showed a gestational sac at the lower uterine segment

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7

Rodrigo, Senapathige Nilan Kalidasa, Iranthi Kumarasinghe, and Eranda Diyagama Gunasekera. "Caesarean scar endometriosis: how to make an accurate diagnosis." BMJ Case Reports 17, no. 11 (2024): e261053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2024-261053.

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Caesarean scar endometriosis is a rare condition characterised by the presence of endometrial tissue within a surgical scar following a caesarean section. A woman in her late 30s presented with a painful lump beneath her caesarean section skin scar, worsening during menstruation. Despite a previous incision and drainage procedure for a ‘scar abscess’, the symptoms persisted. Ultrasound imaging revealed a cystic lesion beneath the scar. A diagnosis of scar endometriosis was made, and surgical excision was performed. The patient remained symptom-free at 2-year follow-up postsurgery. Histopatholo

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8

Gaur, Indu, and Kanishka Kumar. "Painful scar endometriosis after caesarean section." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 4 (2022): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20220923.

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Scar endometriosis is an extremely rare phenomenon. We presented a case of scar endometriosis in a thirty one year old patient (P2L2) who developed swelling and cyclical pain in the previous suprapubic caesarean scar (of previous two caesarean sections) area lasting for 10 days every month for last 2 years. On abdominal examination she had a small swelling at right margin of the wound which was firm and tender on examination with dull aching constant pain at the site of examination. This pain used to aggravate with menses. Investigations suggested scar endometriosis and she was treated medical

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9

International, Journal of Medical Science and Advanced Clinical Research (IJMACR). "Caesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy: A Case Report." International Journal of Medical Science and Advanced Clinical Research (IJMACR) 8, no. 1 (2025): 119–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15234138.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> <strong>Introduction: </strong>Caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is when implantation of the trophoblast occurs in the niche of previous caesarean scar site. The incidence of CSP is documented to be as high as 1:1688 of overall pregnancies, but it still remains underdiagnosed and underreported. The treatment objectives focus on prevention of complications and preservation of fertility. It is very important because a delay in diagnosis and prompt treatment can lead to increased maternal morbidity and mortality. <strong>Case Report: </strong>We are reporting a rare case of

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10

Coumary, Senthil, Indira Galidevara, Venna Naga Daliya, and Seetesh Ghose. "Utero-cutaneous fistula following caesarean section." BMJ Case Reports 17, no. 2 (2024): e255901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2023-255901.

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A multiparous woman in her 20s, presented to the clinic with bleeding from caesarean scar site. After clinical examination and radiological evaluation with ultrasound and MR fistulogram, the diagnosis was utero-cutaneous fistula. Complete resection of fistulous tract with uterine defect closure and supportive omental patch placement was done after an intraoperative demonstration of the utero-cutaneous fistula by injecting methylene blue dye. Utero-cutaneous fistula is a rare complication after caesarean section. Cyclical bleeding from an abnormal opening in previous caesarean scar site is the

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11

Marshall, Lila, Sharlin Varghese, and Mary Ciranni-Callon. "Peritoneal bile granuloma formation at the site of caesarean surgical scar." Journal of Case Reports and Images in Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 2 (2024): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5348/100176z08lm2024cr.

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Bile granuloma is a rare complication associated with cholecystectomy about which few case reports have been written. Herein we present the case of a patient who underwent laparoscopic bilateral salpingectomy for the purpose of sterilization and was incidentally found to have a linear collection of bile granulomas along the site of adhesions from her cesarean section. We also present a review of case reports on bile granuloma that have presented in OB/GYN and suggest that this rare pathology should be cited as a differential more often when considering intra-abdominal pathology, particularly f

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12

Bakavičiūtė, Greta, Sabina Špiliauskaitė, Audronė Meškauskienė, and Diana Ramašauskaitė. "Laparoscopic repair of the uterine scar defect – successful treatment of secondary infertility: a case report and literature review." Acta medica Lituanica 23, no. 4 (2017): 227–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.6001/actamedica.v23i4.3424.

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Background. The aim of this paper is to present a clinical case of laparoscopic repair of a uterine scar defect, to assess the effectiveness of treatment reviewing the latest literature sources, and to provide recommendations of uterine scar defect management. Materials and methods. We report the case of a 33-year-old woman with an insufficient uterine scar and one-year history of secondary infertility. Following this, she underwent corrective laparoscopic repair, successfully got pregnant two months later and carried pregnancy to full term. We discuss the prevalence of caesarean scar defects,

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13

Agrawal, Pooja A., Padmaja Y. Samant, and Gwendolyn Fernandes. "Caesarean scar defect: a histopathological comparative study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 11 (2022): 3165. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20222814.

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Background: We have evaluated the validity of this syndrome in Indian patients and analysed the gynaecological indications for hysterectomy in women with history of caesarean sections. We have studied pathological changes in the scar area and compared the findings with matched cases without previous caesarean scar.Methods: A prospective observational case control study was done at tertiary care hospital (Seth GS Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital) over two years (December 2018 to December 2020) with universal sampling and enrolled all consenting eligible patients. After hysterec

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14

Rai, Snigdha, Shailaja Khadka, and Gehanath Baral. "Scar Endometriosis." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 12, no. 2 (2018): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v12i2.19963.

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Scar endometriosis following caesarean section is a rare presentation and is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands implants at the incision site. As the patients present with a lump in the abdominal scar, the preoperative diagnosis can be often mistaken with other surgical conditions. We present two cases of post cesarean scar endometriosis. Cyclical pain and scar lump were evaluated both clinically and sonologically; then confirmed by excision biopsy.

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15

Latha, V. Kharka, Thatal Annet, Agrawal Twinkle, and Kumar Sharma Barun. "Case Series - Caesarean Scar Pregnancy." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 1 (2024): 1235–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11111011.

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The prevalence of Caesarean scar ectopic (CSP) pregnancies, a rare form of ectopic gestation where the trophoblast infiltrates a weakened myometrium at the site of a previous caesarean section scar, has seen an uptick commensurate with the increased frequency of caesarean deliveries. CSP, accounting for approximately 1 in 2000 pregnancies, poses significant risks due to the progressive implantation and invasion of the trophoblast. Timely and accurate diagnosis, primarily through ultrasonography, is critical in mitigating the heightened risk of maternal complications associated with delayed ide

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16

Bhattarai, Aliza, Ganesh Dangal, Auna Karki, Kabin Bhattachan, Sunita Maharjan, and Nitesh Ghimire. "A RARE CASE OF SCAR ENDOMETRIOSIS WITH UTEROCUTANEOUS FISTULA." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 13, no. 3 (2023): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1372.

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Utero-cutaneous fistula is a rare condition which is characterized by an abnormal communication between the anterior wall of the uterus and the abdominal wall. The causes are multiple caesarean sections, abortions, uterine cavity revision, retention of placental material after delivery, endometriosis, use of drains, post-operative infections, or injuries. Blood discharge from the caesarean scar during menstruation is a prominent feature as in our case. Here we present a case of para 2 living 1 lady, with previous 2 caesarean section presented to our Gynecology outpatient department with bleedi

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17

Trivikrama, Heera Shenoy, Shivakumar ., Ambichi Kuniyil Sajitha, et al. "Abdominal wall endometriosis in the caesarean section surgical scar- a case report." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 10 (2022): 2890. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20222501.

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Scar endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissues with glands in the previous incision or scar. Its overall estimated incidence after post-caesarean and post-hysterectomy is 0.03-0.4% and 1.08-2%, respectively. The patient presents with non-specific symptoms such as cyclical abdominal pain at the site of a previous surgical incision and an abdominal lump with a cyclical increment in size, which is tender. The diagnosis is made only after the surgical excision with confirmation by histopathological analysis. We present the case of a 30-year-old P2 L2 complaining of cyclical abdominal pa

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18

Kharode, Amruta, Kamlesh Chaudhari, and Saunitra Inamdar. "Caesarean scar-unusual site of ectopic pregnancy: a rare case report." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 6 (2022): 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20221461.

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Scar ectopic pregnancy is the rarest type of ectopic pregnancy; however, it is becoming more common around the world. It is a life-threatening condition caused by abnormal embryo implantation in the myometrium and fibrous tissue of the prior scar after a caesarean section, hysterotomy, myomectomy, or metroplasty. With a better understanding of the disease and an increased rate of caesarean section, there is a significant increase in this condition. Early and correct diagnosis, combined with prompt treatment, can help to avoid pregnancy problems including haemorrhage and uterine rupture, as wel

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S., Abhishek, B. Shreevijay, Sona M., and Shashank Kulkarni. "Abnormal uterine bleeding in a woman with caesarean scar defect (isthmocele): a case report." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 5 (2022): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20221307.

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The caesarean scar defect generally is described as a triangular or circular sonographically anechoic area in the myometrium of the anterior lower uterine segment or cervix at the site of a previous caesarean section. Caesarean section is one of the most commonly performed surgeries and the trend is increasing in the recent years. One long-term complication of caesarean delivery which is not often discussed is the presence of a defect within the uterine scar that is directly associated with a type of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) referred to as postmenstrual bleeding. In addition to AUB, pre

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20

Nidhi Sharma, Nasreen Banu M., and Sai Supriya Muthyala. "A bizarre surgical aftermath of caesarean scar endometriosis." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, no. 1 (2022): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.34.

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A 32-year-old multiparous female patient came to our gynaecology OPD with complaints of a painful lump over the previous caesarean scar. She had a history of two caesarean sections previously in 2012 & 2015. The last Caesarean section was done electively along with copper T insertion in 2015. In the postoperative period, she had a superficial surgical site infection which was managed successfully with antibiotics and re-suturing done on day 8 postoperative period and rest were uneventful. On per abdominal examination seen, a hyperpigmented hard indurated tender mass of 6*4cm present in the

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Kasarla, Vyshnavi, and Abhipsa Mishra. "Scar endometrioma in previous caesarean section: Two case reports with review of literature." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 8, no. 1 (2021): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2021.029.

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Scar endometriosis is one of the rare types among the extra pelvic endometriosis which is challenging to diagnose. Cystic or solid nodular mass caused by endometriosis are called as endometrioma. It commonly follows obstetrical and gynaecological procedures where there are endometrial manipulations. The symptoms typically involve abdominal wall pain near scar site. Here we report two cases of scar endometrioma involving rectus sheath following caesarean section which are pathology confirmed with a classical clinical presentation and image findings on ultrasonography. By presenting these cases,

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Arora, Ira, Swati Agrawal, Ratna Biswas, Ashita Aggarwal, Harbani Soni, and Adeeba Saman. "Conservative management of Caesarean scar site ectopic pregnancy with morbidly adherent placenta: a challenging scenario." MOJ Women s Health 12, no. 3 (2023): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojwh.2023.12.00320.

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Pregnancy that is implanted on or in a scar from a past caesarean birth is known as a caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). It may result in significant rates of morbidity such as haemorrhage, uterine rupture, and placenta accreta spectrum [PAS] as well as maternal mortality. CSP may be managed medically or by surgical intervention depending on the condition of the patient. We present a rare case of an advanced CSP which was successfully managed with medical management with intra-sac and systemic methotrexate.

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Marwah, Sheeba, Avinika Agarwal, Rashi Saini, and Ashwani Balayan. "Pregnancy over caesarean scar site-account of four unusual cases in the form of a case series." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 13, no. 8 (2024): 2119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20242081.

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Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP) is an ectopic pregnancy located in the lower uterine segment. Although it is one of the rarest types of ectopic pregnancy, the worldwide increasing rate of caesarean sections has made it important for young gynaecologists to be aware of the challenges posed by CSEP and its successful management. Doppler ultrasounds play a major role in its diagnosis. Early diagnosis is the key to a good outcome as untimely delay can lead to life-threatening haemorrhage, uterine rupture and irreversible loss of fertility. We present a case series of 4 patients of caesarea

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Mangla, Mishu, Ruchira Nautiyal, Deepmala Deepmala, and Jashan Chhatwal. "Scar endometriosis: not a rarity now a day." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 4 (2018): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20181371.

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Endometriosis at the site of previous surgery scar is much on the rise now-a-days mainly due to increased rate of caesarean sections. Generally, it presents as a triad of underlying mass at the incision site, cyclical menstrual scar pain with or without discharge from scar site, and history of previous gynecological or obstetric surgery leads to the preoperative diagnosis. In rare cases, the clinical presentation is atypical, and diagnosis is mad after surgical excision. Here we discuss a case of scar endometriosis that presented to us with complaint of greenish coloured discharge from a lesio

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Mc Gowan, S., C. Goumalatsou, and A. Kent. "Fantastic niches and where to find them: the current diagnosis and management of uterine niche." Facts, Views and Vision in ObGyn 14, no. 1 (2022): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52054/fvvo.14.1.003.

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Background: Caesarean section (CS) scar niche is a well recognised complication of caesarean delivery and is defined as an indentation at the site of the CS scar with a depth of at least 2mm. Objectives: To review systematically the medical literature regarding the current diagnosis and management of uterine niche Materials and Methods: We carried out a systematic review using MeSH terms ‘niche’ OR ‘sacculation’ OR ‘caesarean scar defect’ OR ‘caesarean section scar’ OR ‘uterine defect’ OR ‘isthmocele.’ Articles included were peer-reviewed and in English language. Main Outcome Measures: Prevale

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Bhatia, Pooja, Radhika Gupta, Manjeet Kaur, Dilpreet K. Pandher, Rimpy Tandon, and Poonam Goel. "A rare case of ruptured caesarean scar pregnancy." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 4 (2023): 1158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20230833.

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Caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. The incidence is approximately 1:2000 pregnancies and has potentially life-threatening complications. Ours is a rare case of scar ectopic pregnancy who had taken medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) kit while being unaware of her pregnancy location and presented with uterine rupture and hemoperitoneum. A 24-year-old female, P2L2A1, with previous two caesarean section (CS), presented with the complaint of bleeding per vaginum with acute pain abdomen and history of MTP kit intake at 7 weeks’ period of gestation (POG). She rece

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Kailash, Nishi, Heera Shenoy Trivikrama, Shivakumar ., et al. "Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy: a case report." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 11 (2022): 3200. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20222821.

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Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP) is where the conceptus is implanted deep in the myometrium and at the exact scar site of the previous caesarean section. Symptoms include amenorrhea, pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding in the first trimester. The investigation of choice is transvaginal ultrasound. Individualized treatment options are based on gestational age, presence of embryonal cardiac activity, severity of symptoms, serum hCG levels and ultrasonography findings for CSEP. The combined use of laparoscopy and ultrasound guidance for the evacuation is helpful in deeply impacted CSEP. Becau

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Dasari, Papa. "Diagnosis of caesarean section scar niche causing chronic pelvic pain." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 9 (2021): 3623. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20213500.

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The common causes of chronic pelvic pain include chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, inflammatory bowel disease etc. Caesarean scar defect is recently recognized as a cause for chronic pelvic pain. A 33 years old para 2 with previous 2 caesarean sections, whose last child birth was 18 months back consulted for rectal pain of 4 months duration. She was treated with progesterones with a provisional diagnosis of endometriosis without much relief. She developed congestive dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia after last child birth. Her clinical examination revealed retroverted uterus with

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Yasmin, Farida, Munshi Md Arif Hosen, Samira Sharmin, et al. "Post Caesarean Scar Endometriosis: An Uncommon Surgical Complication- Experience of a Radiologist at INMAS, Mitford." SAS Journal of Surgery 11, no. 01 (2025): 16–19. https://doi.org/10.36347/sasjs.2025.v11i01.003.

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Endometriosis is the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterus. It is observed in 10-15% of all women of reproductive age. Caesarean section scar is the most common site for abdominal wall endometriosis. In this study, clinical symptoms and sonographic appearance of caesarean scar endometriosis are highlighted. Ten patients with caesarean scar endometriosis were sonologically detected in INMAS, Mitford over a period of 1 year, from July, 2022 to June, 2023. FNAC was used along with ultrasonography to support the diagnosis. The mean age of the patients was 29.4 years (range

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Pathade, Sumedha, Shruti Panchbudhe, Prasad Deshmukh, and Arun Nayak. "Scar endometriosis: an uncommon surgical aftermath." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 3 (2022): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20220584.

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Endometriosis is a benign condition wherein endometrial tissue lies outside the uterine cavity. Abdominal scar endometriosis is a rare entity following pelvic surgeries caused as a result of deposition of endometrial tissue at scar site. Patient usually presents with triad of presence of mass over scar site, cyclical pain during menses and bleeding. Histopathological examination remains gold standard for diagnosis in which the presence of endometrial glands, stroma and hemosiderin laden macrophages can be seen. We presented a case of 35 years old lady with history of caesarean section done 3 y

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Savukyne, Egle, Mindaugas Kliucinskas, Laura Malakauskiene, and Kristina Berskiene. "Caesarean Section Scar and Placental Location at the First Trimester of Pregnancy—A Prospective Longitudinal Study." Medicina 60, no. 5 (2024): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina60050719.

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Background and Objectives: This study aims to report the location of the placenta in the first trimester of pregnancy in groups of women according to the number of previous caesarean deliveries and the visibility of the caesarean scar niche. Materials and Methods: The prospective observational research included adult women aged 18 to 41 years during pregnancy after one or more previous caesarean sections (CSs). Transvaginal (TVS) and transabdominal sonography (TAS) was used to examine the uterine scar and placental location during 11–14 weeks. The CS scar niche (“defect”) was bordered in the s

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Jacob, Sujamol, Lakshmi B. S., and Sujin S. "Chronic abscess in isthmocele: a rare entity." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 9 (2023): 2867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20232756.

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Uterine isthmocele, also known as caesarean scar defect or uterine niche is a triangular defect in the anterior uterine wall at the site of the previous caesarean scar, with its base communicating with the uterine cavity. It represents an inadequate healing of the myometrium following caesarean section. Transvaginal ultrasound (TVS), saline infusion sonohysterogram (SIS), hysterosalpingogram, hysteroscopy, and MRI are various modalities to make a confirmatory diagnosis. Medical or surgical management is undertaken depending on the size and type of defect. The aim is to manage symptomatic patie

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Jashnani, KD, NN Sangoi, MP Pophalkar, and LY Patil. "Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy masquerading as gestational trophoblastic disease." Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 68, no. 1 (2022): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_461_21.

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Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP) is a very rare form of ectopic pregnancy in which implantation occurs at the site of the previous cesarean scar with low or absent beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels. It has various differential diagnoses on gross and microscopic examination. A delay in the identification and management of this condition may lead to life-threatening complications. Here, we discuss the incidence and clinicopathological features of chronic CSEP, its types, and differential diagnoses.

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Najam, Saima, Sumaiyya Ejaz Malik, Shehla Aqeel, Nida Rizwan, and Ali Raza Haider. "Viable Caesarean Scar Pregnancy: A Case Report." BioMedica 36, no. 1 (2020): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24911/biomedica/5-143.

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<p>Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy in which blastocyst is implanted at a site other than the endometrium. When it is partially or completely implanted with in the scar it is known as caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSP). It is a very rare form of the ectopic pregnancy and most of the literature available is in the form of case reports and case series. In the succeeding report of a case, a 31 years old gravida-4 para-2 with one miscarriage and one caesarean section presented in emergency department with the amenorrhea of 9 weeks and 5 days. She had moderate abdominal pain and vaginal b

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Yelurkar, Nilofar Imamhusen, Dharam Jatin Shah, Meena Naresh Satia, and Vijaya Rajesh Badhwar. "Successful management of a triplet heterotropic caesarean scar pregnancy in spontaneous conception." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 9 (2019): 3808. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193820.

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A cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy -CSEP is a fairly uncommon presentation wherein the conceptus is implanted at the exact scar site of the previous cesarean section deep in the myometrium. Given the relatively rare incidence of CSEP establishing a diagnosis of CSEP can be challenging current standards of therapy have been derived from data obtained from a limited number of patient’s management options for CSEP range from medical line of treatment to surgical interventions such as sonography guided injections to laparoscopic excision or laparotomy or combination of these modalities. Herein we r

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Elsayed, Mostafa A., and Shereen Barakat Elbohoty. "Laparoscopic resection and repair of caesarean scar pregnancy." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 10 (2023): 3160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20232965.

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The presented work is case series over 2 years of caesarean scar pregnancy over 2 years from January 2020 to January 2022 in Zinat Alhayat hospital of maternity in Benha city Egypt. Cases recruited from those attending Zeinat Alhayat maternity hospital in Benha and all case proved to have caesarean scar pregnancy by ultrasonography and quantitative HCG the total number of cases were 15 over a period of two years, most of patients complained about abnormal uterine bleeding in the first trimester with abnormal abdominal pain, all cases prepared for laparoscopy in Zinat Alyayat hospital in Benha

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Kumar, Ajay, Anuj Singh, and V. B. Tripathi. "Previous caesarean scar rupture: mortality averted a case report." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 11 (2020): 4719. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20204842.

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Uterine rupture at the site of a previous cesarean section scar is an uncommon but catastrophic complication of pregnancy by associated with significant foetal and maternal mortality and morbidity. A 31-year old woman, G6P3A2L1 with previous lower segment cesarian section (LSCS), booked case was admitted at 37 week of gestation with complaint of leaking per vaginal (P/V) in our tertiary care centre. Patient had spontaneous labor pain, which subsided after few contractions and sustained hemorrhagic shock with utero placental insufficiency due to previous LSCS scar rupture. Due diligence and exp

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Kala, Poomalar Gunasekaran, Nivetha Elumalai, Subhasri Sridharan, and Bupathy Arounassalame. "An unusual case of laparoscopic appendicectomy scar site endometriosis." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 8 (2022): 2274. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20221953.

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Scar endometriosis following caesarean section is now becoming a relatively common complication. Endometriosis in the laparoscopic port site following appendicectomy is rare. Metaplasia theory probably explains the reason behind the formation of endometriosis following a non-gynecological procedure. We reported a case of scar endometriosis in the site of laparoscopic appendicectomy scar in a 29-year-old multiparous-women, who presented with pain and swelling in the sub-umbilical area getting aggravated during menstruation. A mass of 4×3×3 cm was found extending from the subcutaneous plane to t

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N., Sunanda, and Poornima D. "The hidden pain of surgical scars: exploring scar endometriosis." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 14, no. 6 (2025): 1983–85. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20251596.

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Scar endometriosis is a rare disease and is difficult to diagnose. The symptoms are nonspecific, typically involving pain at the incision site at the time of menstruation. It commonly follows obstetrical and gynaecological surgeries. The diagnosis is frequently made only after excision of the diseases tissue. The case reports of the patients with a troublesome scar after a caesarean section are presented. Surgical excision led to the diagnosis of scar endometriosis. The Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this somewhat rare condition are discussed.

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Todani, Ashok Kumar, and Kiranlata Todani. "Isthmocele: emerging emergency." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 1 (2022): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20223510.

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An isthmocele, a caesarean scar defect or uterine niche, is any indentation representing myometrial discontinuity or a triangular anechoic defect in the anterior uterine wall, with the base communicating to the uterine cavity, at the site of a previous cesarean section scar. With rise of caesarean sections, incidence of isthmocele and scar ectopics is on rise, being 19 to 88% in caesarean delivery patients. As there are no definitive criteria for diagnosing an isthmocele, several imaging methods can be used to assess the integrity of the uterine wall and thus diagnose an isthmocele. However, t

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Petca, Aida, Dan Cristian Radu, Mona Zvâncă, Bogdan Mastalier-Manolescu, Răzvan Petca, and Mihaela Boț. "Suture Materials and Technics, Possible Cause for C-Section Scar Defect." Key Engineering Materials 752 (August 2017): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.752.54.

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With the increasing number of births by Caesarean section a new pathology has made its presence felt, linked to the scarring of the low uterine transverse incision. It was found that after the birth by caesarean section some patients presented postmenstrual prolonged bleeding, spotting, pelvic pain and infertility. First described in 1995, the isthmocele is a healing defect in the anterior wall of the lower uterine segment at the caesarean hysterotomy site. This faulty scarring could be attributed to physiological peculiarities of the patient, to the suturing technique or ascribed to tissue re

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Juneja, Sunil Kumar, Pooja Tandon, Anshu Sharma, and Anjali Sharma. "Clinical profile and outcome of scar endometriosis in a tertiary care centre of Northern India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 2 (2020): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200370.

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Background: Endometriosis is defined as the presence and proliferation of the endometrium outside the uterine cavity affecting an estimated 89 million women of reproductive age worldwide. Endometriosis occurs in 5% to 10% of all women, often resulting in debilitating pain and infertility, endometriosis at the scar site known as Scar endometriosis has also been described following obstetrical and gynecological surgery. Scar endometriosis has a much rarer incidence with an illusive presentation and is often misdiagnosed and definitive treatment gets delayed. Objectives of this study was to revie

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Nepali, Rohit, Santosh Upadhyaya Kafle, Tarun Pradhan, and Jiba Nath Dhamala. "Scar Endometriosis: A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain." Dermatopathology 9, no. 2 (2022): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dermatopathology9020020.

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Scar endometriosis or incisional endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissues with glands in the previous incision or scar. Its overall estimated incidence after post-cesarean and post-hysterectomy is 0.03–0.4% and 1.08–2%, respectively. The patient presents with non-specific symptoms such as cyclical abdominal pain at the site of a previous surgical incision and scar and an abdominal lump with a cyclical increment in size, which is tender. The diagnosis is made only after the surgical excision with confirmation by histopathological analysis. We present the case of a 31-year-old female

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Pathak, Anu, Ayushi Gupta, Saroj Singh, and Neha Agarwal. "Ultrasonographic placental localisation and extent of invasion in scarred versus non-scarred uterus and its correlation with obstetrical outcomes: a prospective study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 8 (2023): 2460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20232291.

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Background: The site of implantation and resultant location of the placenta within the uterus are likely important determinants of placental blood flow and therefore pregnancy success. Abnormal placental implantation or ‘placental invasion’ is a rare, but potentially life‐threatening, complication in the third stage of labour. Currently massive obstetric haemorrhage remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. Methods: 140 antenatal women at ≥34 weeks of gestation were selected, out of which 70 had the history of previous caesarean section and 70 had the history of previous vaginal

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Ndege, Jane Wanjiku. "Labor Related Factors That Contribute to Surgical Site Infections among Post Caesarean Section Mothers in Thika Level 5 Hospital." Journal of Medicine, Nursing & Public Health 5, no. 4 (2022): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4112.

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Caesarean Section is one of the most performed major surgical procedures carried out in obstetrics and constitutes about 15% of all deliveries worldwide, with Latin America being the highest at 29.2%. The study aimed to assess the labor related factors that contribute to surgical site infections among post caesarean section mothers in Thika Level 5 Hospital. The study design was a mixed unmatched case-control study which followed all mothers who had undergone caesarean section in maternity unit at Thika Level 5 Hospital and who had or did not have Surgical Site Infection from delivery up to tw

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Haider, Samana, Majida Zafar, and Hadia Hina. "Uterine scar site rupture, a rare cause of secondary PPH-case report." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 75, no. 05 (2025): 810–12. https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.21351.

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The case of a woman who experienced severe secondary PPH on the fifth day following a lower segment caesarean section (LSCS), which resulted in severe anaemia is presented. The first episode of Secondary PPH was managed successfully with intravenous fluids, blood transfusions and tranexamic acid. However, a few days later she had another episode of massive vaginal bleeding leading to a haemoglobin (Hb) drop of more than 4 Grams. Given a high index of suspicion for scar site rupture, the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy, and a peripartum hysterectomy was performed. The patient remain

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Akhtar, Prof Nishat, Dr Nazia Ishrat, Dr Aarzoo Hoda, Dr Imad Ali, and Dr Khushbu Agrawal. "Utero-Cutaneous Fistula- A Rare Complication Following Caesarean Section: A Case Report." Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 12, no. 12 (2024): 2155–58. https://doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2024.v12i12.036.

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Introduction: Utero-cutaneous fistula is an extremely rare pathological condition characterized by an abnormal communication between the anterior wall of uterus and abdominal wall. It occurs most commonly after caesarean section. Fewer than 15 cases have been reported worldwide in last 20 years. Case Summary: A 30 years old female, P2+1 L2 with previous 2 LSCS presented to OPD with complain of pus discharge from previous scar site on and off from 6 months following her second cesarean section which was done 8 months back. On examination, there was an opening present at right lateral edge of th

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Mahjabeen, Nusrat, and Shagufta Mahmood. "Abdominal wall endometriosis: reports of three cases." BIRDEM Medical Journal 15, no. 2 (2025): 86–89. https://doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v15i2.81832.

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Endometriosis is growing of endometrial cells in places other than normal uterine cavity. Endometriosis commonly affects ovaries and fallopian tubes. But it can occur anywhere in the body. Rarely it can develop within the abdominal wall. Abdominal wall endometriosis may happen after Caesarean section or any other pelvic surgery. Patients mainly present with abdominal pain. We are reporting 3 cases of abdominal endometriosis. They had history of lower segment Caesarean sections. They had pain and palpable lumps in the site of previous surgical scars during menstruation. Among the 3 cases, 1 pat

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S., Shridevi A., Madhusoodana R. Bhovi, Prema Prabhudeva, Renuka ., and Camelia Maitra. "Which is better for pfannensteil skin incision closure in caesarean section? Interrupted mattress suture or continuous subcuticular suture." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 9 (2020): 3711. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20203844.

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Background: Caesarean delivery is one of the most commonly performed operations in obstetrics. Postoperative comfort of the woman largely depends on the method of skin closure. Wound complications from caesarean delivery such as dehiscence or infection cause a significant emotional and economic burden in obstetric care. There are many methods and techniques for skin wound closure in caesarean section. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. The aim and objective of this study was to compare the wound outcomes in Pfannensteil incisions closed with mattress sutures using nonabso

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Abacjew-Chmylko, Anna, Dariusz G. Wydra, Hanna Olszewska, Sambor Sawicki, and Katarzyna Stefanska. "Laparoscopic repair of the caesarean section scar niche: A prospective cohort study." PLOS One 20, no. 7 (2025): e0318592. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318592.

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Objective To evaluate the effect of laparoscopic repair of the large niche on short-term and long-term outcomes, i.e., extent of scar healing (increase in scar thickness or residual myometrium (RM) and decrease in niche depth), decrease in menstrual symptoms, likelihood of conception and successful delivery. Study design A prospective observational cohort study. Methods and findings Among 333 patients referred with a niche diagnosed in transvaginal ultrasound (TVU), a group of 127 met the selection criteria for repair surgery (RM of <2.5 mm in its thinnest part in hysterosonography (HySoG)

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