Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cafe culture'

Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
À medida que a escala e o âmbito das empresas multinacionais continuam a expandir-se, cada vez mais empresas chinesas entram no mercado português. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, as diferenças culturais entre países, regiões e nacionalidades criaram conflitos culturais, o que significa que um desafio central para as empresas e gestores empresariais. Uma vez que cultura e economia são interdependentes e inseparáveis, é necessário prestar mais atenção às diferenças culturais, e estratégias adequadas de gestão de conflitos culturais poderiam resolver as possíveis perdas causadas pelas diferenças culturais. Portanto, esta dissertação utiliza o caso de uma empresa chinesa de aquisição - Bison Bank em Portugal, utiliza a metodologia de investigação qualitativa para analisar o impacto da cultura nacional do país anfitrião na sua cultura organizacional e as implicações desta influência na gestão transcultural.
As the scale and scope of multinational corporations continue to expand, more and more Chinese companies enter the Portuguese market. But at the same time, cultural differences between countries, regions and nationalities have created cultural conflicts, which means that a central challenge for companies and business managers. Since culture and economy are interdependent and inseparable, it is necessary to pay more attention to cultural differences, and proper management strategies of cultural conflicts could solve the possible losses caused by cultural differences. Therefore, this dissertation uses the case of a Chinese acquisition company - Bison Bank in Portugal, uses the qualitative research methodology to analyze the impact of the host country's national culture on its organizational culture and the implications of this influence on cross-cultural management.
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A growing number of studies concerning cultural villages have in most instances tended to focus on the cultural village as almost legitimately self-explanatory and have not been particularly concerned with either how a particular history is produced in and through these villages, or with the ways that particular discourses and practices associated with heritage, tourism, community and development intersect in the production of these meanings. As such Mgwali Cultural Village seemed to promise something different in the form of cultural villages. The thesis argues that Mgwali Cultural Village is unique in the history of cultural villages in that it moves away from presenting a cultural village in Africa as tribal and primitive. It does this by opening up spaces for other aspects such as Christianity and resistance politics, story of Tiyo Soga rather than focusing and confining itself only to aspects cultural portraying Africans and traditional. It is imperative that cultural villages ought to be understood within a broader framework and context where its definition and presentation is not trapped into an anthropological paradigm thinking of exploring and discovering something new by tourists which they are not familiar with. However, the thesis also argues that much as Mgwali Cultural Village promised something new from the known through depiction of other aspects, those histories seem to be absent or marginal at the Cultural Village. The only aspects that are fore grounded are traditions and culture thus freezing Mgwali as a village and its people in time as if they have not evolved and its cultures are static and not dynamic. The thesis therefore explores all those contradictions, silences, or absence thereof of other stories and histories.

The U.S. healthcare industry seeks to improve patient satisfaction as the national trend of increasing diversity and ethnic representation continues. The provision of culturally sensitive health care will not only increase patient satisfaction and outcome metrics but also allow healthcare organizations to thrive financially by meeting patient needs and payer requirements. Just Culture Consulting, LLC. is a start-up, for-profit healthcare consulting firm that will provide cultural competency and language training services for healthcare professionals. Just Culture Consulting, LLC. aims to build a regionally and potentially a nationally recognized brand in specialty healthcare consulting by capitalizing on the growing need for culturally competent providers in healthcare. The Firm will retain a large client base through aggressive marketing and by leveraging the skills of its multicultural staff who possess significant career and native exposure to language, cultural sensitivity, healthcare delivery, and administration.

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Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde
Trata de um estudo de caso qualitativo, exploratório, descritivo sobre os saberes e práticas da equipe de enfermagem e clientes com feridas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS), no Município de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre. Seus objetivos foram descrever como os membros da equipe de enfermagem cuidam dos clientes com feridas, identificar como os clientes com feridas se cuidam e discutir os saberes e práticas entre os membros da equipe de enfermagem e os clientes com feridas. A coleta das informações envolveu a observação simples e entrevistas semiestruturadas com membros da equipe de enfermagem e clientes com feridas na UBS. As informações coletadas foram submetidas à análise temática, da qual emergiram as seguintes categorias: As práticas do cuidado da equipe de enfermagem e dos clientes com feridas e Os Saberes dos clientes com feridas e as implicações do cuidado de enfermagem. Concluímos que os clientes valorizam o cuidado cultural, associam os saberes e práticas do sistema popular aos saberes e práticas do sistema profissional, usando as mais variadas formas de cuidado. Variam desde o uso de soluções recomendadas pela equipe de enfermagem, pelas restrições alimentares, perpassando pelo uso de plantas medicinais e práticas religiosas. Já a equipe de enfermagem desenvolve um cuidado técnico, voltado para a realização dos procedimentos relacionados à realização de curativos e, em alguns momentos, buscavam articular seus saberes aos dos clientes através de diálogos e do conhecimento da realidade dos mesmos, mas sempre valorizando os conhecimentos técnico-científicos. Neste contexto, percebe-se a presença da universalidade e diversidade cultural do cuidado, não somente para os clientes mas também para os profissionais e assim, ressalta-se a importância do cuidado cultural congruente que proporciona um cuidado harmonizado aos valores e crenças, sendo, portanto adequado e benéfico. Desta forma, juntamente com o cliente com feridas, decidir qual a melhor forma de atuação do cuidado, e, portanto preservar, adaptar ou renegociar a ação, sempre com o objetivo de propiciar a saúde, o bem estar e futuramente a autonomia.
This is a qualitative case study, exploratory, descriptive of the knowledge and practices of nursing staff and clients with wounds in a Basic Health Unit (BHU) in the city of Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre. Its objectives were to describe how members of the nursing staff caring for clients with injuries, how to identify customers with wounds to care for and discuss the knowledge and practices among members of the nursing staff and clients with wounds. Data collection involved the simple observation and semi-structured interviews with members of the nursing staff and clients with wounds at UBS. The data were subjected to thematic analysis, from which emerged the following categories: The practice of nursing care staff and clients with wounds and The Knowledge of clients with wounds and implications of nursing care. We conclude that customers value the cultural care, the associated knowledge and practices of the system to popular knowledge and practices of the professional system, using various forms of care. They range from the use of the solutions recommended by the nursing staff, the food restrictions, bypassing the use of medicinal plants and religious practices. Since the nursing staff develops a technical care, focusing on the procedures related to the execution of dressing and, at times, sought to articulate their knowledge to the customer through conversation and knowledge of the reality of them, but always appreciating the knowledge technical-scientific. In this context, we notice the presence of cultural diversity and universality of care, not only for customers but also to professionals and thus emphasize the importance of cultural congruent care which provides a harmonized care values and beliefs, being therefore appropriate and beneficial. Thus, together with the client with injured, to decide how best to care activities, and therefore preserve, adapt or renegotiate the action, always with the goal of providing health, welfare and future autonomy.

Boys‘love (BL) is originated from the Japanese comics. The phrase ―”boy‘s love” first appeared as a proper noun in the comics at an approximate time of 1966 in Japan. Most BL comics depicted hopeless love of boys. Then, the 1990s saw the emergence of new type of BL comics, namely 耽美 (Tanbi). Tanbi is a Japanese word, it can be attributed the same meaning as aestheticism. Tanbi comics showed a perfect scene to audiences within beautiful boys’ love, pleasure stories also end up with a comedy. The boys‘ love or nature love between boys is different from the circle of gay. BL is a kind of emotion always can only be seen in literary output due to its strict conditions. BL ought to be explained like this, a beautiful boy is falling love with somebody else, by coincidence, it is a beautiful boy. BL is more like a Platonic love, BL always give a picture of spiritual experiences of boys‘love but fewer sex. In other word, BL is just a kind of comic form. The researchers in Japanese comics always concentrated on its social influences, characteristics, conditions, etc. There is scarce any research touching on the comic forms. BL comics are a special component of the comics, and this form demonstrates a series of phenomenon in sociology. With an informal research, BL comics is now turning into a common fashionable comic form among the Asia regions. However, with great exchanges with other areas, there also exists a large number of BL comic fans in Mainland China, and most of them are young ladies. Given this background, BL is treated as an exclusive form to the young ladies, and it largely reflects values and tastes of these ladies. The findings of this thesis might provide insights into a desire understanding males and an expectation of a fathfully lover. Undeniably, Japanese people attain amazing achievements in many fields, the success of circulating BL products is one of them. To some extent, researching the circulation and consumption patterns of BL comics may reveal the great achievement of Japan in culture transmission.
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Modern Languages and Cultures
Master
Master of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2003.
"A thesis submitted to the School of Applied Social and Human Sciences, University of Western Sydney in fulfilment of the Doctor of Philosophy". Includes bibliography : leaves 248 - 270.

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of national culture on organizational culture across borders from a cultural dimension approach. In order to find out how the national culture of a company's host-country impacts the organizational culture throughout the company, we examine Swedish companies that have established business in a culturally distant nation, namely India. A multiple case study is used for this research that includes qualitative data gathering from 7 interviewees from the Swedish companies Sandvik AB and Elekta AB. The main criterion of selecting the interviewees was to find people who have first-hand experience from both the Swedish and the Indian working environment. The study shows that national cultural values seem to be an unchangeable, nontransferable property, but that organizational culture practices can be learned, adopted, and thus transferred. The research indicates that personal interaction could be the key element in adopting foreign culture element; in this case, supervisor-subordinate relationship styles and attitudes towards rules. This study contributes to the literature by shedding light on the process, how elements from a company's home-country national culture can be transferred to overseas facilities through company practices and personal interaction. Future studies are recommended to address the topic in different settings and also by using longitudinal quantitative methods.

Experiences in the early years of life are increasingly recognised as significant predictors of long-term cognitive and psychosocial behaviour. This thesis focuses on one aspect of early development: the cultural identity of the young child and investigates the influence of continuity of practice between home and the child care centre in this development. The use of child care services for very young children has increased dramatically in the past two decades. For the first time in history there may be more babies aged 0-3 years in care situations than babies who are cared for at home - this impacts upon the child’s micro-culture (individual, unconscious practices guided by beliefs, norms and values) and macro-culture (ritualistic, symbolic behaviour, often conscious which is tied to belonging to an ethnic group). This study investigates the way in which child care centres contribute to the development of micro and macro-cultural identity in very young children. This study was originally designed to increase the knowledge base about the ways in which interactions with children (particularly in relation to sleep and feeding micro-cultural practices) differ between home and child care service and the implications of these differing practices. As the study progressed a new focus was developed and evolved into an analysis of communication processes between parents and staff and the effects of those communication processes. Qualitative methods on non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews and semi-structured questionnaires were used to address the research questions. Recommendations from the study focus on setting level and policy issues. The early childhood sector is called on to redress notions around communication and partnership building with parents
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This dissertation explores how family and marriage relationships vary according to the culture in which they occur. Based on the individualism/collectivism framework about cultural variations in familial beliefs across countries, I study three topics of family and marriage relationships across cultures. In the first study, I examine how 17 member countries of Organisation of Economic and Co-operation and Development (OECD) differ culturally in older adults' preference for family elder care. I find that older adults from countries with more traditional values that emphasize the importance of a strong parent-child tie are more likely to prefer family care rather than formal care than those from more secular-rational countries with less emphasis on the parent-child tie; the cultural difference gets smaller at a higher level of individual family income. In the second study, I select China as a representative of the collectivist culture, and look into how the collectivist culture and older parents' filial beliefs shape the intergenerational relationship in China. I find that patrilocal and patrilineal traditions are still prevail in China. A highly cohesive intergenerational relationship people idealize in the collectivist culture is more common between older parents and married sons, and least common between older parents and married daughters. In the third study, I compare an individualist society, the U.S., and China, a collectivist society to test whether marriage also isolates people from their informal social network in China as observed in the U.S. I find that marriage does not isolate but integrates people into their informal social network in China, while marriage isolate people in the U.S. The three studies present new evidence on how marriage and family experiences differ due to different cultural beliefs about family, and under what conditions the cultural influences are weakened or reinforced.
Ph. D.

Кваліфікаційну роботу магістра присвячено дослідженню особливостей проєктів мистецького спрямування та механізмів управління ними. Розкрито сутність та форми арт-проєктів, розглянуто концептуальні засади для їх створення, досліджено світовий та вітчизняний досвід успішного розроблення проєктів мистецького спрямування. Проведено оцінювання співпраці із зацікавленими сторонами. Проведено аналіз релевантності проєктів арт-спрямування на прикладі розроблення літературного кафе “Читати подано”, досліджено процеси організації робіт, оцінено ефективність проєкту та ключові ризики для його реалізації
Квалификационная работа магистра посвящена исследованию особенностей проектов художественного толка и механизмов управления ими. Раскрыты сущность и формы арт-проектов, рассмотрены концептуальные основы для их создания, исследованы мировой и отечественный опыт успешной разработки проектов художественного направления. Проведена оценка сотрудничества с заинтересованными сторонами. Проведен анализ релевантности проектов арт-направления на примере разработки литературного кафе "Читать подано", исследованы процессы организации работ, оценена эффективность проекта и ключевые риски для его реализации
The master's thesis is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of art projects and mechanisms for their management. The essence and forms of art projects are revealed, the conceptual bases for their creation are considered, the world and domestic experience of successful development of art projects is investigated. An evaluation of cooperation with stakeholders was conducted. The analysis of the relevance of art-oriented projects is carried out on the example of the development of the literary cafe "Read submitted", the processes of work organization are studied, the effectiveness of the project and key risks for its implementation are assessed

Advanced societies have witnessed unprecedented socioeconomic and technological changes in the last 50 years. The growth of the service sector has transformed the class structure, and social mobility has increased for younger cohorts. Massive urbanization has altered social interactions; educational expansion has raised people’s cognitive abilities, and the spread of the mass media and new information technologies has facilitated contacts between different cultures. These social transformations have been accompanied by deep cultural changes at the individual and societal levels. This thesis explores the many different manifestations of cultural change and investigates the underlying mechanisms through which social change has promoted differentiation in cultural consumption and the multiplication of social connections. Using data from Spain, a society that experienced one of the fastest modernization processes in the second half of the 20th century, I examine three dimensions of culture that are central to the literature on the sociology of culture: cultural tastes, omnivority, and social capital. The findings of this thesis highlight the persistent importance of structural factors such as education and social class in explaining the differences in cultural manifestations. However, the results also suggest that cultural preferences may be becoming more socially heterogeneous and individualistic over time due to the levelling role of public education, urbanization, social mobility, and the spread of new communication technologies. The thesis's main conclusion is that to study the relationship between social and cultural change it may be necessary to adopt a pluralist perspective that considers the role of both social structure and individuals’ actions in shaping culture.
Las sociedades avanzadas han presenciado cambios socioeconómicos y tecnológicos sin precedentes en los últimos 50 años. El crecimiento del sector de servicios ha transformado la estructura de clases y la movilidad social ha aumentado para las cohortes más jóvenes. La urbanización masiva ha alterado las interacciones sociales; la expansión educativa ha aumentado las capacidades cognitivas de las personas; y la difusión de los medios de comunicación y las nuevas tecnologías de la información han facilitado los contactos entre diferentes culturas. Estas transformaciones sociales han ido acompañadas de profundos cambios culturales a nivel individual y social. Esta tesis explora las diferentes manifestaciones del cambio cultural e investiga los mecanismos subyacentes a través de los cuales el cambio social ha promovido la diferenciación en el consumo cultural y la multiplicación de contactos sociales. Utilizando datos de España, una sociedad que experimentó uno de los procesos de modernización más rápidos en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, examino tres dimensiones de la cultura que son centrales para la literatura sobre la sociología de la cultura: los gustos culturales, la omnivoridad cultural y el capital social. Los resultados de la tesis resaltan la importancia continuada de los factores estructurales como la educación y la clase social para explicar las diferencias en las manifestaciones culturales. Sin embargo, los resultados también sugieren que las preferencias culturales pueden volverse más socialmente heterogéneas e individualistas con el tiempo debido al papel democratizador de la educación pública, la urbanización, la movilidad social y la difusión de las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación. La principal conclusión de la tesis es que para estudiar la relación entre cambio social y cultural puede ser oportuno adoptar una perspectiva pluralista que considere el papel tanto de la estructura social como de las acciones de los individuos en la configuración de las manifestaciones culturales.

Over the two centuries since the arrival of European settlers in Australia, the material culture and lifestyle of the indigenous Aboriginal people of Australia has undergone dramatic change. Based on qualitative fieldwork in three remote Aboriginal communities in north-western Australia, this study examines the emergence of unique consumer cultures that appear to differ significantly from mainstream Australia and indeed from other societies. The study finds that the impact of non-indigenous goods and external cultural values upon these communities has been significant. However, although anthropologists feared some fifty years ago that Aboriginal cultural values and traditions had been destroyed, this study concludes that they are still powerful moderating forces in each of the communities studied. The most powerful are non-possessiveness, immediacy in consumption, and a strong sharing ethos. Unlike findings in the so-called Second and Third Worlds, these Fourth World consumer cultures have not developed an unquenchable desire for manufactured consumer goods. Instead, non-traditional consumption practices have been modified by tradition oriented practices. The consumer cultures that have emerged through a synthesis of global and local values and practices have involved Aboriginal adoption, adaption and resistance practices. This process has resulted in both positive and negative impacts on the Aboriginal people of these communities. Ways of dealing with the negative effects have been suggested, while the positive effects have been highlighted as examples of what can possibly be learned from Aboriginal culture. The study also finds differences between the emerging consumer cultures of each community, concluding that this can be attributed to historical and cultural differences. The main conclusion is that the development of a global consumer culture is by no means inevitable.

SPAR Eastern Cape is a special organisation. It is an extraordinary place to work and have fun at. The organisation celebrated its twentieth “birthday” in 2013. Operating in a very difficult sector, this business has done extremely well in establishing itself as one of the leading businesses in the Eastern Cape. The success of this incredible business is driven by employees from all levels. With an extreme conviction in the apothegm that “none of us is as smart as all of us”, the organisation is built around high performance teams through a unique culture called: Amafela Ndawonye (referred to as Amafela hereafter). “Amafela” has been in operation at SPAR Eastern Cape since the organisation’s inauguration in 1993. Organisational cultures are dynamic. Organisational cultures shift, incrementally and constantly, in response to external and internal changes. Trying to assess an organisational culture is therefore complicated by the reality that one is trying to hit a moving target. However, a possibility exists that culture enhancement can be managed as a continuous process rather than big shifts (often in response to a crisis). A stable destination with regards to organisational culture should never be reached. The culture of an organisation should always be learning and developing. This prompted the researcher to ask the question, as an organisation responds to internal and external changes; can it lose its relevancy in the process? The primary objective of this research is to determine whether the commitment to the culture of “Amafela” and relevancy thereof at SPAR Eastern Cape is declining. The first step in achieving this objective was an in-depth theoretical study. The second step, and in order to achieve this objective, was an empirical survey conducted to canvas the opinions of (N= 149) respondents at SPAR Eastern Cape. The main findings of this research conducted at SPAR Eastern Cape can be summarised as follows: The organisational culture was assessed according to how respondents interpret the organisation’s existing organisational culture, and thus underlining areas in need of enhancement. In general the outcome of the survey exhibited that a large number of employees at SPAR Eastern Cape denoted that the culture of “Amafela” is still strong and is still relevant in the organisation. In this research, good to excellent levels of consistency for all eleven factors of “Amafela” were achieved. The items are therefore parallel in the test. Organisational leaders will influence the function of the people within the organisation. Moreover, leadership will set the present and future course of the company. This research articulates a correlation between leadership and “Amafela” factors. The eleven dimensions of the “Amafela” factors ranked according from favourable to less favourable. Customer focus emerged as the factor which most respondents agreed and strongly agreed with. It can be concluded then, that the culture of “Amafela Ndawonye” at SPAR Eastern Cape has the full support of the employees and is still relevant in the organization.

Set within the context that the world’s population is ageing at an unprecedented rate, it is argued that care of the elderly, and their everyday lived experiences are poised to become prominent concerns. In the shadow of this, the ageing population poses a myriad of challenges not only for the elderly but also for policy makers who put in place systems for the provision of services within residential care homes. By virtue, given that communities of elderly consumers voices are often muted within many academic analyses of social policy and service provision this study illuminates and distils communities of elderly consumers understandings of residential care homes. Given the absence of suitable literature within the fields of marketing and interpretive consumer research, this study turns to the sociological and anthropological literature of Hall and Jefferson (1976) and Levi-Strauss (1966). In doing so, communities of elderly consumers within residential care homes can be theorised as a cultural community of ‘bricoleurs’ within a ‘cultural map of meaning’. Furthermore, viewed through this lens, such bricoleurs can be seen to understand their meaningful everyday lived experiences within, and through, the use of ‘bricolage’. Emanating from eight existential-phenomenological interviews, a rich picture emerges wherein bricoleurs understandings of residential care homes can be seen to be embedded not only within, but also through, such things as the body, leisure trips, noise disturbances, death, large items of furniture, small hand-sized objects, mobility aids, quality of care and social interaction. Moreover, in the light of the resultant interpretations common themes can be seen to emerge within communities of bricoleurs social and material understandings of residential care homes, namely the notion of cultures of dependency, trauma and comfort. This research contributes to marketing knowledge in that it argues that communities of ‘elderly bricoleurs’ within residential care homes can be seen to be held together by unique understandings of cultures of dependency, trauma and comfort. Furthermore, it is also argued that elderly bricoleurs address themselves to a relatively limited amount of bricolage that enables them to keep alive actual, desired, imagined and fictional community ties. Furthermore, the reality and efficacy of cultural communities of elderly bricoleurs seems to depend on their ability to address ‘whatever is to hand’ (Levi-Strauss, 1966) in order to construct and understand their cultural maps of meaning within residential care homes.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate, if Multinational Corporations incorporate employees’ culture while forming their organisational culture and the impact of cultural integration on the organisation’s business activities.  Design/methodology/approach: This is an exploratory research in which qualitative data is used. Interviews were administered to 14 employees at Sandvik AB, Sandviken in Sweden. As for validity and reliability, the data for this work was collected from a real life case (Sandvik) and the interview responses were transcribed and analysed in relation to what other scholars consider together with the ideas of the authors.  Findings: This study shows that MNCs incorporate employees’ culture into their organisational culture. Factors of employees’ cultures are present in the organisational culture of Sandvik. Cultural integration as indicated by this study influences job performance, job satisfaction, and give a good image to the organization. It improves team members’ skills and creates aspiration among the employees.  Originality/value and contribution: This topic seems to be one of the few studies that investigate if MNCs incorporate employees’ culture into their organisational culture. It therefore fills the theoretical gap in this area of study. The study contributes to the few studies of integrating employees’ culture into an organisational culture and acts as a start-up guide to future studies.  Limitation: Only one MNC is used in this study. Ideally, another MNC would have been investigated, so as to know if the present results are recurrent with another case. The study is also limited to only the aspect that deals with the integration of employee’s culture into an organisational culture, and not cultural diversity in its totality. It is of interest for scholars in future studies to examine the topic under review relating to several organisations.

Trabalho de projeto apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de mestre em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica.
Este documento na sua génese relata a aquisição de competências profissionais diferenciadas e o desenvolvimento de saberes teóricos e práxicos da enfermagem Médico – Cirúrgica. Esta aquisição, no âmbito da frequência do 1º Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica da Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal , fez-se através de dois aspetos, o desenvolvimento de um Projeto de Intervenção em Serviço e um Projeto de Aprendizagem de Competências, que ocorreram, em contexto de estágio, num serviço de urgência. Com a redação deste trabalho quisemos analisar o nosso percurso e transversalmente de forma crítica e reflexiva, descrever as atividades desenvolvidas, apoiadas nos conhecimentos teórico práticos adquiridos, suportadas nos valores éticos e deontológicos. O Projeto de aprendizagem de competências teve como referencial orientador a aquisição, desenvolvimento e aprofundamento das competências específicas do enfermeiro especialista em pessoa em situação crítica. A utilização de ferramentas diagnósticas, no projeto de intervenção, permitiram fundamentar um problema/oportunidade; défice de conhecimentos acerca da cultura cigana, que pode influenciar a prática dos cuidados, neste sentido, por acreditarmos ser uma área de intervenção relevante, decidimos contribuir para a prestação de cuidados culturalmente congruentes aos doentes/famílias de etnia cigana, num serviço de urgência. Numa proposta de humanização dos cuidados de saúde, que considera a Pessoa no seu todo, é imprescindível o reconhecimento de que todos os seres humanos são culturalmente únicos.
Abstract: This document, in its genesis describes the acquisition of professional competencies and the development of about medical-chirurgical nursing. This acquisition, in the context of the first PhD in medical-chirurgical nursing of the IPL’s superior school of health, was done in two ways, with the development of an intervention project in the service and with a competencies acquisition project. Such projects were made in the context of a professional internship in an emergency room. With the redaction of this paper our goal was to analyses our path and, in a reflexive and critical way, describe the develop activities, supported in the theoretical and practical knowledge acquired and supported in ethical values. The competencies acquisition project had as guidance the acquisition and development of the specific competencies of the nurse specialist in people in critical situation. The use of diagnostic tools, in the intervention project, allowed to ground one opportunity/problem: deficit of understanding about the gipsy culture, which can tamper with the quality of care. Because we believe that is an important area of expertise, we decided to contribute to the ministration of cultural informed care to gipsy patients/families in the emergency room. Inserted in a proposal of humanization of the wealth care, that considerers the individual in its all, its indispensable the recognition that all human beings are cultural unique.

Organisations today are investing in the efficient management of their talented workforce, known as talent management (TM) in order to bear fruitful outcomes in terms of corporate sustainability. Some businesses choose to include all employees in their TM strategy-inclusive TM-whilst others only include the highest-performing employees-exclusive TM. It has been suggested that no matter which TM strategy they implement, contextual factors such as culture seem to drive the degree of their application. Thus, the rationale for this research is in determining the cultural factors that trigger the exercise of TM.This study's aim is to analyse the extent to which TM strategies are impacted by national and organisational culture. In addition, it seeks the critical exploration of TM in the context of key human resource practices (HRPs); the critical investigation of TM's application; the critical examination of national and organisational culture; and finally, the degree to which both types of culture affect TM's application. This study follows a conceptual framework which sets national culture as the independent variable, organisational culture as the mediating variable, and TM as the dependent variable. The body of theory overviewed is relevant to TM's concepts and its interrelation to both human resource management (HRM) and human resource development (HRD). Predominant national and organisational cultural frameworks are also overviewed. This research's sample includes six case studies from northern, central and southern Greece and adopts a mixed-methods approach using primary data collected through questionnaires and interviews, and analysed through SPSS and thematic analysis. Among the key findings is that national culture indirectly drives the adoption of specific TM modes through the development of certain corporate cultures. Additional findings shed light on the contemporary conception of 'talent' and 'TM,' as well as on the association between national and corporate culture. This study significantly contributes to knowledge by bringing in evidence from the business environment while also discussing implications for practitioners regarding the parameters that influence both their decisions and actions.

O puerpério é considerado uma fase de modificações biossocioculturais que, muitas vezes, não são compreendidas pela mulher, o que exige maior atenção dos profissionais, dos familiares e das redes de contato envolvidos em seu cuidado. A literatura e a prática profissional mostram que as crenças sobre o cuidado da puérpera têm relevância em seu cotidiano e, muitas vezes, se sobrepõem às orientações recebidas na instituição de saúde. Diante desta situação, este estudo teve como objetivo: explorar as práticas de cuidado adotadas no pós-parto pela mulher usuária de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da cidade de Rio Claro, SP. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, que teve como referencial teórico o Modelo de Competência Cultural de Purnell e cujos dados foram tratados pelo Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). A pesquisa foi aprovada por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e atendeu à Resolução 196/96. Os dados foram coletados em 2011, por meio de entrevistas realizadas com 20 puérperas entre o 30º e 45º dias de pós-parto. Identificou-se a condição sociodemográfica e familiar das entrevistadas, além de sua vivência no puerpério. Os dados mostraram que as puérperas eram jovens, apresentavam baixo índice de tabagismo, etilismo e drogadição, com renda média em torno de 3 salários mínimos. Os relatos obtidos originaram 21 DSC, cujos conteúdos mostraram a influência de crenças sobre as práticas de cuidado no puerpério; crenças que foram transmitidas intergerações pelos cuidadores de sua rede familiar e cultural. Os profissionais de saúde se fizeram presentes por meio de orientações de práticas, com enfoque no biológico, oferecidas de maneira verticalizada e, por vezes, fragmentada e divergente, o que demonstrou sua dificuldade em acompanhar as influências culturais envolvidas no processo. Por conta disso, as práticas de cuidado no puerpério sofreram maior influência das crenças e dos padrões da cultura da mulher, como também das informações obtidas na internet, que preencheram lacunas e apontaram caminhos para a mulher seguir com maior segurança nesta fase do ciclo gravídico-puerperal. Diante dos achados, propõem-se o estabelecimento de estratégias para incorporação da bagagem cultural da mulher à assistência prestada pelo profissional de saúde, de modo a prover o cuidado culturalmente competente; a programação de grupos voltados à educação em saúde, focados na vivência do puerpério, para a mulher e sua rede de contato; a implementação da Estratégia Saúde da Família; e a inclusão do egresso de curso de Obstetrícia nos programas de saúde dos municípios, para agregar este novo profissional no cuidado da mulher e de seu recém-nascido.
Puerperium is considered a phase with biological, social and cultural changes often not correctly understood by women, the main reason why requires special attention from professionals, and caregivers networks involved on the care. Literature and professional practice shows that beliefs about postpartum care has a strong relevance in a womans routine and often overlaps guidance received at the health institutions. From this perspective, this study had as objective to explore practices adopted in postpartum by women served in the Basic Health Unit in a city of Rio Claro state of São Paulo (Brazil). This is a qualitative study and followed Purnell Cultural Competence Model as a theoretical approach and whose data was treated by the Collective Subject Speech (CSS). The data was approved by Ethics in Research Committee and complied with Resolution 196/96. The data was collected in 2011 through interviews with 20 women in the puerperium between 30 and 45 days of postpartum. We identified social and demographic conditions from each interviewed as well as from her family, besides their experiences at the puerperal period. The data showed that women in the puerperium were young, had low smoking rates, alcoholism or drugs addictions, and on average had an income that was equivalent to 3 minimum salaries. The reports had originated 21 CSS, and the contents showed the stronger beliefs influence on postpartum care practices; beliefs that were passed by intergenerational family and cultural caregivers. Health professionals demonstrated their presence through guidelines with practices with a biological focus and offered in a vertical manner, and sometimes divergent and fragmented, which demonstrated difficulty in following the cultural influences involved in the process. For this reason, puerperal care practices had suffered greatly due to the influence of beliefs and cultural woman patterns, as well as information obtained from the Internet. The Internet filled gaps and provided greater security methods to follow at pregnancy stage, childbirth as well as at puerperium. Upon reviewing the results, it is suggested that the following take place to incorporate the cultures of women to the experiences of the health care professionals to provide a culturally competent care; programming groups on health education focused on the puerperium experience for women and her caregivers; the implementation of Family Health Program, and the inclusion of Midwifery in the health programs to allow this new professional to take care the woman and her newborn.

El proyecto de la tesis doctoral (mención internacional) es un trabajo trifásico de investigación que elabora críticamente el fenómeno de la somatización en entornos de atención primaria de salud entre inmigrantes y nativos (muestra total N = 3,006; inmigrantes N = 1,503 y nativos N = 1,503) en España. Los inmigrantes provienen de cinco regiones étnicas/geográficas: norteafricana, subsahariana, europea oriental, asiática y latinoamericana. El primer estudio explora la relación entre el diagnóstico psiquiátrico y los tipos/frecuencia de síntomas somáticos en los dos grupos de origen, y analiza si los inmigrantes son más propensos a presentar más síntomas somáticos que los pacientes nativos de atención primaria. El segundo estudio, adjunto a la tesis del doctorado, incluye la validación adicional de la “Barcelona Immigration Stress Scale” (BISS) para determinar los factores de riesgo post-migratorios que pueden condicionar la salud mental de los inmigrantes en el país de acogida. El tercer estudio proporciona un análisis pormenorizado de los factores predictivos de somatización en pacientes inmigrantes de atención primaria de salud y contrapartes nativas. El modelo biomédico explicativo de la somatización se contrasta con el modelo cultural, que incluye un paradigma sociocultural de la experiencia y la manifestación de los síntomas somáticos en la atención primaria. El análisis cuantitativo de nuestros datos clínicos ha permitido interpretaciones cualitativas de las diferencias observadas en la presentación de los síntomas somáticos entre los dos grupos. Sugerimos que la aplicación de criterios psiquiátricos en la atención primaria de salud puede concluir en diagnósticos rígidos que no permiten a los profesionales de salud entender el significado de los síntomas somáticos y puede llevar a un reconocimiento insuficiente de ellos o un diagnóstico no pertinente ante la especificidad cultural de las condiciones mentales. Nuestra investigación destaca significativas implicaciones clínicas que informan sobre los factores que influyen los procesos diagnósticos en entornos de atención primaria en una sociedad cada vez más multicultural.
The current international PhD dissertation project is a three-fold research work that aims to critically elaborate on the phenomenon of somatization in primary health care settings among immigrants and natives (total sample N=3,006; immigrants N=1,503 and natives N=1,503) in Spain. The immigrants come from five ethnic/geographical regions: North African, Sub-Saharan, Eastern European, Asian and Latin American. The first study explores the relationship between psychiatric diagnosis and types/frequency of somatic symptoms in the two groups of origin, and further examines whether immigrants are more prone to exhibit more somatic symptoms than native-born Spanish primary health care patients. The second study, attached to the PhD dissertation, includes the further validation of the Barcelona Immigration Stress Scale (BISS) with a view to determine the post-migration risk factors that may condition the mental health of immigrants in the country. The third study provides a nuanced analysis of the predictive factors of somatization in immigrant primary health care patients and native counterparts. The biomedical explanatory model of somatization is contrasted against the culture-specific one, which includes a socio-cultural paradigm of the experience and manifestation of somatic symptoms in primary care. The quantitative analysis of our clinical data has allowed qualitative interpretations of the observed differences in the presentation of somatic symptoms between the two groups. We suggest that the application of psychiatric criteria in primary health care may conclude to rigid diagnoses that do not allow health professionals to understand the meaning-making of the somatic symptoms and may lead to under-recognition or mis-diagnosis of a wide range of culture-specific mental conditions. Our research highlights significant clinical implications informing the factors that influence how medical practitioners reach diagnoses in primary care settings in an increasingly multi-cultural society.

Thesis (PhD (Conservation Ecology and Entomology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water storage in reservoirs forms an integral part of the agricultural landscape in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. A few large reservoirs serve primarily as a drinking and industrial water supply, while on private farms, small reservoirs provide irrigation water for the dry summer period. Protection of water quality to secure irrigation and drinking water quality, and the extension of water use efficiency are priority issues in the Western Cape. In the current study, the suitability of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cage farming as a non-abstractive water use was investigated. The current study concentrated on the identification, and where possible quantification of aquaculture impacts, the identification of successful sites and a description of requirements in which net-cage aquaculture has none or a very low negative impact on water quality (e.g. <15 % change from previous water quality conditions for phosphorus concentrations). In order to study the effects of 5 t trout cage production units in reservoirs <15 ha in area, the general ecology of the irrigation reservoirs was assessed. Sixteen reservoirs without aquaculture production (reference reservoirs) were compared to 26 reservoirs with aquaculture production (production sites with varying production histories). Catchment characteristics were also monitored. Water from different depths (0 m, 2 m, 6 m and near bottom) was tested for physical and chemical qualities as well as nutrient concentrations. Phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass and species composition was monitored. In addition to the general phytoplankton findings, cyanophytes were evaluated for their contribution to algal taint problems that emerged at a number of production sites. Sediments were tested for total phosphorus content and phosphorus release capacity. Indicators and minimum conditions to avoid the most common production problems were formulated. In order to determine long-term production success, which prevents trophic level changes of reservoirs, a mass balance approach (nutrient budget) was employed to indicate the limits for nutrients that can be added. The phosphorus balance indicated long term trends for reservoirs with and without aquaculture. The detailed mass balance approach was compared to a “ready to use” carrying capacity model that estimated the maximum fish load each reservoir could support. The anthropological input of phosphorus into the reservoirs causes a decreasing water quality in the studied reservoirs and this development was also reported for lowland rivers. Twenty percent of the studied reservoirs are in a condition that could be an immediate threat to fish or water bird health (e.g. free ammonia concentrations and pH). Harmful algal blooms were not observed. Aquaculture production evoked changes in water chemistry and ecology in most of the studied reservoirs. Adverse effects of aquaculture sites versus non-aquaculture sites were: increased phytoplankton biomass and species shifts towards sizes >80 μm. The increased phytoplankton abundance influenced pH maxima to values >9 at mid-day. The high pH fluctuations were greatly influenced by the naturally low alkalinity and hence low calcium buffering capacity of Western Cape waters. The deoxygenation of the hypolimnion during stagnation (summer) occurred faster in reservoirs of certain character, greatly dependent on elevation and surface area, with consequent acidification of the hypolimnion, as well as ammonia and total phosphorus (TP) accumulation. In this context, a diversity of each reservoir with and without aquaculture production, with a similar ratio of undisturbed reservoirs to reservoirs with influence of e.g. agriculture, were compared to each other. When grouping the respective differences from the average reference reservoir (i.e. no trout production), a low impact on water quality was manifested at four sites (15 %) with <15 % increase of bottom TP and ammonia, while eight sites (31 %) showed medium effects (59 % mean increase), and a high impact was found at 54 % of the sites (312 % mean increase). In reservoirs without aquaculture, the extent of incoming phosphorus (which could represent an influence by runoff from agricultural land) was very high. However, in small reservoirs (<5 ha), these values were exceeded by the incoming phosphorus from aquaculture practices. In the case of small reservoirs where the carrying capacity was clearly surpassed, effects caused by aquaculture were severe and the assimilation of waste by the system was not possible (in extreme cases aquaculture waste delivered 60 to 90 % of all incoming phosphorus – two to nine times the phosphorus brought in by rivers and runoff). With regards to sediment, only indirect conclusions could be drawn. Aquaculture production increased hypolimnetic anoxia and the latter was shown to increase potential phosphorus release from sediments. This implies that not only will aquaculture increase the phosphorus concentration of surface waters directly, but it will also increase internal loading. The sedimentation rate was increased with cage aquaculture which affects a hypothesized area of approximately 0.2 to 1.0 ha depending on reservoir hydrology. The composition of the sediment increased organic components which can impact on sediment processes. It can be postulated that increased sedimentation of aquaculture waste and extended anoxic conditions impact on macrozoobenthos. Hydrological and nutrient mass exchange of the reservoirs indicated that no annual increase of phosphorus was achieved with low nutrient input (good inflowing water quality) or good water exchange (>5 times per year), and sometimes with extraction of hypolimnetic water during the stagnation period (summer). A model developed by Beveridge (1984) showed similar results to the mass balance approach and can therefore serve as a more ready model to determine suitable stocking rates. The small (man-made) reservoirs in the Western Cape are in a eutrophication process which far exceeds the speed of natural eutrophication (trophic states indicating highly eutrophic or hypertrophic conditions after approximately 10 to 20 years following construction of the reservoirs) and this process is triggered by agricultural practice (indicated by literature – not a subject of this study). However, it is concluded from the data of this study that trout-cage aquaculture duplicated the total phosphorus already present (independent of continuation of the projects, the phosphorus introduced was trapped in the closed systems the reservoirs represent) in only 1 to 2 years of production - which means a significant acceleration of the eutrophication process already in place. There are positive exceptions where trout-cage production is possible without negative effects. Careful site selection is the most important step in successful and sustainable trout production. No impact of aquaculture was recorded at four reservoirs (15 % of the investigated reservoirs) which shared the characteristics of good water exchange (>3 times per year) and a minimum surface area of 5 ha. Additionally, criteria that reduced the risk of algal taint included a minimum water depth of 6 to 7 m in a reservoir at its lowest water point (to avoid intermediate mixing during the stagnation period) as well as cold hypolimnetic conditions (<17 °C) to minimize cyanophyte cyst remobilization. Further improvement of food conversion ratio (feeding management) and feed quality are the next (after site selection) two most important components that determine if a reservoir can be utilised for cage production without any long-term changes. There is potential in advances in feed quality, feed management and waste collection systems. These measures (e.g. the cage size could be decreased to efficate feeding management) can increase the number of sustainable sites and achieve multiplication of water use without water quality deterioration.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die stoor van water in reservoirs vorm ‘n integrale deel van die landboulandskap in die Westelike Kaap gedeelte van Suid-Afrika. ‘n Aantal groter reservoirs voorsien primêr water primer vir drinkdoeleindes en vir aanwending deur industrieë, terwyl kleiner reservoirs op private plase gebruik word vir besproeiing gedurende die droë somerperiode. Die beskerming van die waterkwaliteit en die uitbreiding van watergebruik se doeltreffendheid, word bestempel as ‘n prioriteit vir die Wes-Kaap. In die huidige studie is die geskiktheid van forel hokkultuur as ‘n bykomende watergebruik, maar sonder waterverbruik, ondersoek. Die huidige studie fokus op die identifisering en waar moontlik die kwantifisering van die impak van akwakultuur op besproeiingsreservoirs; die identifisering van potensiële reservoirs vir akwakultuur; en die beskrywing van toestande waarin akwakultuur geen of ‘n baie lae negatiewe uitwerking op die waterkwaliteit (bv. < 15 % verandering vanaf oorspronklike waterkwaliteitstoestande vir fosforkonsentrasies) sal hê. Om die impak van 5 t forel hokproduksie eenhede in <15 ha reservoirs te bestudeer, is die algemene ekologie van die besproeiingsreservoirs bepaal. Watermonsters, geneem op verskillende dieptes (0, 2, 6 en naby die bodem), is getoets vir fisiese- en chemiese kwaliteit sowel as vir die nutriëntkonsentrasies. Die biomassa en spesiesamestelling van fitoplankton sowel as zooplankton is gemonitor. Sestien verwysingsreservoirs is vergelyk met 26 produksiereservoirs (met wisselende vlakke van produksiegeskiedenis). Die karakeristieke eienskappe van die opvangsgebied is ook gemonitor. Tesame met die algemene fitoplankton bevindinge, is blougroen alge ook geëvalueer vir hul bydrae tot algae besmettingsprobleme wat voorgekom het by ‘n aantal produksie persele. Sedimente is getoets vir die totale fosforinhoud en fosforvrystellingskapasiteit. Perseelseleksie is geidentifiseer as een van die mees belangrikste faktore vir suksesvolle hokproduksie. Indikatore en minimum toetstande wat vereis word om die mees algemene produksieprobleme te verhoed, is geformuleer. Om die langtermyn produksie sukses te bepaal, wat trophiese vlakke se verandering in die reservoirs verhoed, is ‘n massa balans benadering (nutriënt balans) gebruik. Die fosfor balans het langtermyn tendense aangetoon en in die geval van die produksie reservoirs, is die akwakultuurimpak gekwantifiseer. Die gedetaileerde massa balans benadering is vergelyk met ‘n “gereed om te gebruik” drakapasiteitsmodel wat die maksimum vis wat die reservoir kan onderhou, geskat het. Die antropogeniese toevoer van fosfor na die reservoirs veroorsaak ‘n afname in die waterkwaliteit van die reservoirs wat bestudeer is. Die verskynsel van ‘n afname in waterkwaliteit is ook vir verskeie laagliggende riviere geraporteer. Sowat 20 % van die besproeiingsreservoirs wat bestudeer is, is tans in ‘n toestand wat die onmiddelike gesondheid van vis en watervoëls kan bedreig. Skadelike algebbloei is nie waargeneem nie. Akwakultuurproduksie het negatiewe effekte getoon in ‘n aantal reservoirs. Die nadelige uitwerking van akwakultuur waar digthede te hoog was, is: toename in fitoplankton biomassa en spesiesverskuiwinge. Die toename in fitoplankton teenwoordigheid het die pH maxima beïnvloed tot waardes >9 teen 12 uur middag. Die hoë pH fluktuasies is grootliks beïnvloed deur die natuurlike lae alkaliniteit en gevolglike kalsium bufferkapasitiet van die Wes-Kaap se waterbronne. Die deoksiginasie van die hipolimnion gedurende stagnasie (somer) het vinniger plaasgevind in oorbelaaide reservoirs, met gevolglik ‘n versuring van die hipolymnion, sowel as die akkumelering van ammoniak en totale fosfor. In hierdie konteks word reservoirs met en sonder landbouproduksie, met ‘n gelyke verhouding van onversteurde reservoirs tot reservoirs wat deur landboubedrywighede beinvloed word, met mekaar vergelyk. By vier persele (15 %) is ‘n lae impak vasgestel (<15 % toename in bodem TF en ammoniak), terwyl agt persele (31 %) ‘n medium impak getoon het (59 % gemiddelde toename in bodem TF en ammoniak) en ‘n hoë impak is opgemerk by 54 % van die persele (31 % gemiddelde toename in bodem TF en ammoniak). In reservoirs sonder akwakultuur, was die omvang van fosforinvloeiing baie hoog en is moontlik veroorsaak deur die invloei van afloopwater uit omliggende landbougebiede. Alhoewel in klein reservoirs (<5 ha) was hierdie waardes oorskadu deur die invloeiing van fosfor deur akwakultuur praktyke.In die geval van klein reservoirs, waar die drakrag duidelik oorskry is, was die gevolge, soos veroorsaak deur akwakultuur ernstig, en die assimilasie van afval deur die sisteem nie moontlik nie. In die uiterste gevalle het akwakultuurafval 60 % - 90 % van alle inkomende fosfor gelewer - twee tot nege maal die fosfor wat deur riviere en afloopwater ingevloei het. Wat die sediment aanbetref, kon slegs indirekte gevolgtrekkings gevorm word. Akwakultuurproduksie het hipolimnetiese anoksia laat toeneem en die laasgenoemde verskynsel, het die potensiaal aangedui vir die toename in die vrystelling van fosfor vanaf die sediment. Dit dui daarop dat akwakultuur nie alleen die fosforkonsentrasie in die oppervlaktwater laat toeneem nie, maar sou ook die interne belading laat kon toeneem. Die sedimentasie tempo het toegeneem met die teenwoordigkeid hokkultuur en het ‘n hipotetiese area van ongeveer 0.05 tot 1.00 ha, afhangende van reservoir hidrologie, beïnvloed. Die samestelling van die sediment het toegeneem in teme van die organiese komponente wat die sedimentasie prosesse kon beïnvloed. Dit kan gepostuleer word dat die toename in sedimentasie van akwakultuurafvalprodukte tesame met verlengde anoksiese toestande, ‘n invloed op die makrosoöbentiese organismes het. Hidrologiese en nutriënt massa uitruiling van die reservoirs het aangetoon dat geen jaarlikse toename in fosfor verkry kan word met lae nutrient toelae (kwaliteit van invloeiende water) of met goeie waterverplasing nie, en soms met die ekstraksie van hipoliminetiese water gedurende die stagnasie periode (somer). Die Beveridge model het soortgelyke resultate getoon tot die massabalans benadering en kan daarom dien as ‘n meer aanvaarbare model om gepaste beladingstempo vas te stel. Kleiner mensgemaakte reservoirs in die Wes-Kaap is onderhewig aan ‘n eutrofikasie proses wat die spoed van natuurlike eutrofikasie (trofies verwys na ‘n hoogs eutrofiese of hipertrofiese toestand ongeveer 10 tot 20 jaar na reservoir konstruksie) oorskry. Literatuur (nie ondersoek in die huidige studie) dui aan dat hierdie versnelde eutrofikasie proses meegebring word deur landbouaktiwiteite in die opvangsarea van die reservoirs. Resultate van die huidige studie het getoon dat forelproduksie in hokstelsels, die konsentrasie van total fosfor wat reeds beskikbaar was, verdubbel het. Die toename in fosforkonsentrasie het binne 1 tot 2 jaar na die aanvang van forelproduksie in die betrokke reservoirs, plaasgevind. Daar is egter uitsonderings waar forelproduksie in hokstelsels moontlik was, sonder die gepaardgaande afname in die waterkwaliteit. Die belangrikste stap vir suksesvolle en volhoubare forelproduksie is deeglike perseelseleksie. Daar is geen impak van akwakultuur waargeneem by vier persele (15 %) wat die eienskappe van goeie waterverplasing (>3 keer per jaar) en ‘n minimum oppervlakarea van 5 ha gehad het nie. Bykomend, sluit kriteria wat die risiko van algbesmetting laat afneem, ‘n minimum waterdiepte van 6 tot 7 m in ‘n reservoir by die laagste punt in (om te verhoed dat intermediêre vermenging plaasvind gedurende die stagnasieperiode) sowel as koue hipolimnetiese toestande (<17 °C) om sianobakterieë sist remobilisasie te minimaliseer. Verdere verbetering van die VOH (voeromsettingsverhouding onder voedingsbestuur) en voerkwaliteit is na perseeleleksie, die volgende komponente wat kan aandui of ‘n perseel gebruik kan word vir hokkultuur sonder enige impak. Vordering met voerkwaliteit en voedingsbestuur kan die aantal volhoubare persele laat toeneem en daardeur meer effektiewe watergebruik teweeg bring, sonder die verwante waterkwaliteit verswakking.

Orientador: Edinêis de Brito Guirardello
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivos: traduzir e adaptar o Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scales (NSNS) para a língua portuguesa do Brasil, avaliar sua confiabilidade, validade e praticabilidade. O NSNS tem a finalidade de avaliar as experiências e a satisfação do paciente com os cuidados de enfermagem e é composto por duas escalas: Experiências do paciente com o cuidado de enfermagem com 26 itens e Satisfação do paciente com o cuidado de enfermagem, com 19 itens. A escala de medida é do tipo Likert e a pontuação para cada uma das escalas varia de 0 a 100, quanto maior a pontuação, maior o nível de satisfação e mais experiências positivas vivenciadas pelo paciente com o cuidado de enfermagem. Para o procedimento metodológico de adaptação cultural foram seguidas as etapas de tradução, síntese, retro-tradução, avaliação por um comitê de especialistas e pré-teste. Para avaliação da confiabilidade e validade do NSNS considerou-se 351 pacientes provenientes de um hospital de ensino do interior do estado de São Paulo. Utilizou-se o programa SPSS® for Windows versão 15.0 para as análises descritivas e o software SmartPLS versão 2.0M3 para avaliação das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento. A validade de construto foi analisada por meio do método confirmatório de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE), utilizando-se o método de estimação Partial Least Squares - Path Modeling (PLS-PM) e a confiabilidade foi testada por meio do alfa de Cronbach e da confiabilidade composta. As etapas do procedimento metodológico de adaptação cultural foram realizadas satisfatoriamente e a avaliação pelo comitê de especialistas resultou em alterações para a maioria dos itens com modificações gramaticais simples, para assegurar a equivalência entre a versão original e a pré-final. Após o ajuste do modelo com a exclusão dos itens com baixa validade convergente, a escala de Experiências permaneceu com oito itens e a escala de Satisfação do paciente com o cuidado de enfermagem, com 18 itens. Apesar da complexidade da execução do processo de adaptação cultural e validação, a versão brasileira do NSNS demonstrou-se confiável e válida para ser utilizada em nossa realidade, além de ter demonstrado facilidade de compreensão pelos sujeitos. Este trabalho pertence à linha de pesquisa: Processo de cuidar em saúde e enfermagem
Abstract: This study has as objectives: to translate and adapt the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scales (NSNS) into Brazilian Portuguese, to evaluate the reliability, validity and usability of the instrument. The NSNS aims to evaluate the experiences and patient satisfaction with nursing care, and contains two scales: Experiences of Nursing Care Scale with 26 items and Satisfaction with Nursing Care Scale, with 19 items. A Likert-type scale was used as the form of measurement. The points assigned by each of the scales varies from 0 to 100, such that the number of points assigned corresponds to the level of satisfaction and to the quantity of positive experiences the patient has with respect to the nursing care. The procedure for culturally adapting the scale was divided into the following steps: translation, synthesis, backtranslation, evaluation by a committee of specialists and pretest. For evaluate the reliability and validity of the NSNS were included 351 patients of a teaching hospital in the state of São Paulo. The data was analyzed using the SPSS® for Windows version 15.0 program for the descriptive analysis and the SmartPLS version 2.0M3 software application for evaluate the psychometric properties of the NSNS. In order to evaluate construct validity, by means of confirmatory factor analysis, the statistical method known as Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) by Partial Least Squares - Path Modeling (PLS-PM) was used. Reliability was tested by means of Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. The translation, synthesis, backtranslation and pretest steps were considered adequate, and the evaluation by a committee of specialists resulted in alterations of a majority of items, with simple grammatical modifications, so as to ensure the equivalence between the original version and the pre-final. After the adjust of model by excluding some items from the scales with low convergent validity, the Experiences of Nursing Care Scale resulting in a total of eight items and 18 items for the Satisfaction with Nursing Care Scale. In spite of the complexity of the execution of the cultural adaptation and validation process, the adapted version of the NSNS has proven itself both to be reliable and valid for use in our culture and to be easily understandable by the patients asked to answer its questions
Mestrado
Enfermagem e Trabalho
Mestre em Enfermagem

This thesis presents a case study of the Dogon CultureBank in Fombori, Mali, a local initiative started in 1997 to conserve cultural heritage through the provision of microcredit loans. Participants obtain credit to support small enterprise by using cultural objects as collateral; the objects are conserved and exhibited in a community museum collection. This innovative approach to microfinance has provided financial incentive for cultural conservation in a rural Dogon community, increased social capital among participants, and heightened community awareness of the importance of cultural heritage as a resource for development. Results of quantitative analysis demonstrate a significant increase in overall income generation patterns among participants; however, male borrowers have consistently benefited from both higher loans and greater increases in income generation than female borrowers who are targeted as the primary beneficiaries. The study concludes by highlighting the contributions of the model to the broader field of microfinance in developing countries.

To meet the growing demand for community-based adult services (CBAS) adult day health care (ADHC) programs, it is important these programs make the necessary modifications in their systems of care to embrace a person-centered care (PCC) model. This study was designed to create an assessment to determine a community-based CBAS/ADHC program's readiness to meet the new federal standards as determined by the program's current operational evidence and by center participants', their families' as well as staff's perspectives. This was measured by self-report of access to the community, choice of setting, individual rights, autonomy and independence, choice of services and supports, center accessibility as well as their needs and preferences in the practice. Results will assist similar CBAS/ADHCs in identifying the necessary modifications within their own program to continue as a certified licensed entity and remain a viable agency.

Introdução: A pesquisa analisa em uma perspectiva etnográfica o cotidiano de cuidado de enfermeiras à população indígena Mura do município de Autazes-Amazonas. Objetivo: Analisar a perspectiva das enfermeiras sobre o cuidado à saúde da população indígena Mura do município de Autazes-Amazonas. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo etnográfico, realizado com dez enfermeiras que atuavam no cuidado à população indígena Mura no Município de Autazes, nos cenários do Hospital de Autazes e dos Polos- Base das aldeias de Pantaleão e Murutinga. O trabalho de campo foi realizado no período de agosto de 2015 a janeiro de 2016, sendo coletados os dados por meio da observação participante, com anotação sistemática em diário de campo, e de entrevistas semi- estruturadas, seguindo um roteiro com aspectos relacionados ao perfil das participantes e perguntas voltadas ao conhecimento sobre saúde indígena, experiência do cuidar do indígena e formação do enfermeiro para atuação em contexto indígena. A coleta e a análise de dados foram realizadas concomitantemente durante toda a realização do trabalho de campo, que foram agregados em temas, elaborados com base nas observações de campo e nos dados das entrevistas, sendo discutidos segundo o referencial da antropologia da saúde, das Políticas de Saúde Indígena, dos conceitos de cuidar/cuidado em um sentido mais amplo no campo da Enfermagem e, em particular, na perspectiva do cuidado transcultural. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem de São Paulo. Resultados: Foram elencados seis temas que discorrem sobre os cuidados de enfermagem à saúde indígena, envolvendo os desafios e as dificuldades vivenciadas pelas participantes do estudo. Os temas que emergiram foram: Práticas de cuidado de enfermeiras à população indígena Mura de Autazes; O contexto hospitalar e o cuidar do indígena Mura; Cuidados diferenciados e atenção diferenciada: entre modos de olhar e de cuidar da população indígena Mura; Aspectos culturais que envolvem o cuidado ao indígena Mura: dificuldades e desafios para enfermeiras; Fragilidades estruturais dos serviços: dificuldades e desafios para as ações de saúde junto à população indígena e Fragilidades na formação do enfermeiro para atuação em contexto intercultural. Conclusão: Os resultados revelam a necessidade premente de mudanças estruturais no processo de trabalho e melhores condições para realização das ações de cuidados da enfermeira à população indígena; de formação continuada que contemple as especificidades culturais da população indígena; de ação interdisciplinar que promova o diálogo entre saúde, antropologia e cuidado transcultural para minimizar atitudes etnocêntricas dos profissionais de saúde à população assistida no contexto investigado. Recomenda-se fortemente que as Instituições de Ensino Superior em regiões geográficas com população indígena reorientem seus currículos para a formação do enfermeiro para atuar em contexto intercultural e com competências para prestar atenção diferenciada à população indígena. Novas pesquisas precisam ser desenvolvidas para preencher lacunas nessa área de conhecimento.
Introduction: The research analyzes, from an ethnographic perspective, the daily care of nurses to the indigenous Mura population of the municipality of Autazes-Amazonas. Objective: To analyze the nurses\' perspective on the health care of the indigenous Mura population of the municipality of Autazes-Amazonas. Method: This is an ethnographic study carried out with ten nurses who worked in the care of the indigenous Mura population in the municipality of Autazes, in the settings of the Hospital of Autazes and the Base Poles of the villages of Pantaleão and Murutinga. Field work was carried out from August 2015 to January 2016, and data were collected through participant observation, with systematic annotation in field diaries, and semi-structured interviews, following a script with aspects related to the profile of the participants and questions related to knowledge about indigenous health, indigenous care experience, and nurse training to work in an indigenous context. Data collection and analysis were performed concomitantly throughout the field work. Data were aggregated into themes, elaborated based on field observations and interview data, discussed according to the anthropology of health, the Indigenous Health Policies, the concepts of care/caring in a broader sense in the field of Nursing and, in particular, from the perspective of cross-cultural care. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing of São Paulo. Results: Six themes were named that discuss nursing care for indigenous health, involving the challenges and difficulties experienced by the study participants. Themes that emerged were: Practices of care of nurses to the indigenous population Mura de Autazes; The hospital context and the care of the indigenous Mura; Differentiated care and differentiated attention: between ways of looking and caring for the indigenous Mura population; Cultural aspects that involve care for the indigenous Mura: difficulties and challenges for nurses; Structural weaknesses of services: difficulties and challenges for health actions with the indigenous population and Fragilities in the training of nurses to work in an intercultural context. Conclusion: The results reveal the urgent need for structural changes in the work process and better conditions for carrying out nursing care actions to the indigenous population; Continuing education that contemplates the cultural specificities of the indigenous population; Interdisciplinary action that promotes the dialogue between health, anthropology and transcultural care to minimize ethnocentric attitudes of health professionals to the population assisted in the investigated context. It is strongly recommended that Higher Education Institutions in geographic regions with indigenous populations reorient their curricula to the training of nurses to act in an intercultural context and with competencies to give differentiated attention to the indigenous population. New researches need to be developed to fill gaps in this area of knowledge.

Research Aim: Our aim is to understand how multinational companies integrate cultural diversity of employees in their corporate culture. To achieve this objective, we compare the employees’ perception with the company's view on the topic. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative case study is conducted with three sets of questionnaires. Two sets of questionnaires were designed for the foreign and the local employees. The third set was created for the department of human resource management who represented the company’s view. Analysis is done by comparing the theories with empirical findings of the study. Findings: The findings revealed that corporate culture is inspired by the national culture. By implementing a proper recruiting process, socialization and teamwork, multinational companies can integrate cultural diversity successfully in their corporate culture. Several tools such as offering language courses, announcements in both languages, a welcoming at the new country booklet, mentors, anonymous feedback on cultural issues and sports or cultural outings are proposed to manage cultural diversity. These tools can be used for both the foreign and the local employees. The integration relies on both employees and the companies. However, upper management should support the department of human resources management to find solutions for the integration of a culturally diverse workforce. Practical implications: Contemporary studies propose tools like mentoring programs that are costly and may ignite stereotyping while managing cultural diversity. This study proposes tools that are cost-effective and functional in integrating and managing cultural diversity of employees. Originality/Value: Previous studies do not emphasize the role of corporate culture in integrating cultural diversity of employees. This study focuses on the empirical gap of employees’ perception on the role of corporate culture in integrating cultural diversity. It proposes, that to manage cultural diversity, companies should only focus on the national and corporate culture of the company and not necessarily of the employee’s culture.
Syftet: Vårt mål är att förstå hur multinationella företag integrerar kulturellt mångfald i deras företagskultur. För att uppnå detta mål jämför vi medarbetarnas uppfattning med företagets syn i ämnet. Design / metod / tillvägagångssätt: En kvalitativ fallstudie genomförs med tre uppsättningar av frågeformulär. Två av frågeformulären utformades för utländska och lokala anställda. Den tredje uppsättningen skapades för personalavdelningschefen som representerade företagets uppfattning. En analys görs genom att jämföra teorierna med det empiriska resultatet av studien. Resultat: Resultatet visade att företagskulturen är inspirerad av den nationella kulturen. Genom att implementera en organiserad rekryteringsprocess, socialisering och lagarbete, kan multinationella företagen integrera kulturell mångfald framgångsrikt i sin företagskultur. Flera verktyg så som att erbjuda språkkurser, utskick på bägge språken, ett välkomshäfte för det nya landet, mentorer, anonym feedback om kulturella frågor och sport eller kulturutflykter föreslås för att hantera kulturell mångfald. Dessa verktyg kan användas för både utländska och lokala anställda. Integrationen bygger på både de anställda och företaget. Högre befattningar bör dock stödja personalavdelningen för att hitta lösningar för integration av en multikulturell arbetskraft. Praktiska åtgärder: Samtidsstudier som verktyg så som mentorprogram är kostsamma och kan skapa fördomar samtidigt när man vill behandla ämnet. Den här studien föreslår verktyg som är kostnadseffektiva och funktionella för att integrera och hantera kulturella mångfald hos de anställda. Bidrag: Tidigare studier betonar inte företagskulturens roll i att integrera kulturell mångfald hos anställda. Denna studie fokuserar på det empiriska gapet av medarbetarnas uppfattning om företagskulturens roll för att integrera den kulturella mångfalden. Det föreslås, för att hantera kulturell mångfald bör företagen bara fokusera på den nationella kulturen och företagskulturen och inte nödvändigtvis på medarbetarens kultur.

The concept of positioning was first highlighted by Trout and Ries in an article published in 1971 and has since then been a well-studied subject. However, little study has been made regarding the way the positioning strategy changes depending on which country the company is about to enter. The purpose of this master dissertation is thus to investigate culture’s role as a driving force in international positioning.

The theoretical framework consists of the foundations of the positioning process and international marketing literature about cross-cultural theories. These theories are put together in an analytical model where a connection between the two theories is illustrated that will be used as a foundation in gathering and analysing the empirical data.

In a qualitative approach, the empirical data was gathered through semi-structured telephone interviews with the Marketing Directors or a corresponding title of five different Swedish international companies. These findings were also complemented with secondary data such as web pages and annual reports of the companies.

The findings of the study showed that cultural differences are considered to some extent and have resulted to an entirely new positioning strategy for one of the researched companies and to changes in the strategic tools made for consolidating the position in two additional companies. In the two remaining companies, culture has not been a driving force and the companies have thus not considered this in their positioning in international markets.

Este trabalho pretende definir e validar um modelo teórico para a influência da Diversidade e Inclusão (D&I) sobre o Desempenho Organizacional (DO). A pesquisa está apoiada na revisão dos fundamentos teóricos da D&I e DO, teoria e orientação da Novartis, buscando uma interpretação coerente dos conceitos que permitam a sua utilização tanto na pesquisa, como na adoção da D&I na gestão. Este trabalho segue uma abordagem qualitativa e interpretativa através da utilização do método de um Estudo de Caso único na empresa farmacêutica Novartis, onde se utilizaram instrumentos e técnicas qualitativas e quantitativas. O modelo teórico proposto utiliza as dimensões de D&I (diversidade e inclusão) e as dimensões de DO (inovação, pessoas, qualidade, desempenho, produtividade) para analisar a influência da D&I no DO. As variáveis latentes e o modelo são validados através de um inquérito feito globalmente pela Novartis (GES - Global Employee Survey), do qual foram escolhidos 4 países devido às suas diferenças de acordo com as dimensões de Hofstede da cultura nacional. Nesses países, 648 associados responderam aos questionários, o que representa uma taxa de respostas de 78%. A análise dos resultados mostra que todas as dimensões do DO apresentam resultados diferentes ao se considerar as condições necessárias e suficientes de D&I. Por exemplo, a inclusão é uma condição necessária per se apenas para o desempenho, enquanto que para pessoas nenhuma das dimensões são condições necessárias para que esse resultado ocorra. O mesmo é verdadeiro para condições suficientes. Por exemplo, diversidade é uma condição suficiente para todas as dimensões do DO. Este trabalho tem implicações de pesquisa, práticas e sociais, nomeadamente porque os resultados podem auxiliar as organizações na tomada de decisões no tratamento de políticas de D&I, com foco em dimensões que influenciam dimensões específicas do DO, podendo assim estabelecer relações diretas entre variáveis e implementar soluções de acordo com os objetivos organizacionais. Com este trabalho pretende-se antever a possibilidade de alteração do algoritmo de D&I nas organizações para melhorar as áreas do DO que são percebidas como as que podem ter maior influência nos resultados; Diversity and Inclusion and its impact on Organizational Performance – Case Study at Novartis ABSTRACT: The scope of this research concerns the theme of Diversity and Inclusion (D&I) and Organizational Performance (OP), and its purpose is to define and validate a theoretical model of the influence of D&I in OP. This research is supported by a review of the fundamentals of D&I and OP, Novartis, theory, and guidance, seeking a coherent interpretation of the concepts that allow its use in research and the adoption of D&I in management. It follows a qualitative and interpretative approach using the method of a unique Case Study at the pharmaceutical company Novartis, where qualitative and quantitative instruments and techniques were used, and the proposed theoretical model uses the dimensions of D&I (diversity and inclusion) and the dimensions of OP (innovation, people, quality, execution, productivity) to analyze the contribution of D&I in OP. The latent variables and the model are validated through a survey made globally by Novartis (GES - Global Employee Survey), from which 4 countries were chosen due to their differences according to the Hofstede dimensions of the national culture. In these countries, 648 members responded to the questionnaires, which represents a response rate of 78%. The analysis of the results shows that all the dimensions of the OP present different results when considering the necessary and sufficient conditions of D&I. For example, inclusion is a necessary condition per se only for performance, whereas for people none of the dimensions are necessary conditions for this result to occur. The same is true for sufficient conditions. For example, diversity is a sufficient condition for all dimensions of OP. This work has research, practical and social implications, namely because the results can assist organizations in making decisions in the treatment of D&I policies, focusing on dimensions that influence specific dimensions of the OP, thus being able to establish direct relationships between variables and implement solutions according to organizational objectives. With this work, it is intended to foresee the possibility of changing the D&I algorithm in organizations to improve the areas of OP that are perceived as those that may have the greatest influence on the results.

Introduction The clinical community in Western society has long practised medicine as organized by "two dominant principles: 1) the principle of essentialism which states that there is a fixed "natural" border between disease and health, and 2) the principle of specific treatment which states that having revealed a disease, the doctor can, at least in principle, find the one, correct treatment. These principles have served as the legitimization of the traditional, hierarchical organization of health-care" (Jensen, 1987:19). A main feature of medical practices based on these principles has been to address specific kinds of problems impeding or decaying health. This research is centrally concerned with essentialism and the institutional fixation of problems as two important nodal points of Canada's biomedical value and belief system. More specifically, I hope to show in an organized way how these principles shape staff knowledge of client and culture in a community health centre (CHC) in Lethbridge, Alberta. My analysis is based on four guiding points: 1) that in our polyethnic society health care institutions are massively challenged with actual and perceived cultural diversity and cross cultural barriers to which their staff feel increasingly obliged to respond with their services; 2) while the client cultural diversity is "real", institutional responses depend primarily on how that diversity is imagined by staff -often as a threat to a health institution's sociocultural world; 3) that problem-specific, medicalized thinking is central in this community health centre, even though its mandate is health promotion and this problem orientation often combines with medical essentialism to reduce "culturally different" to a set of client labels, some of which are problematic; and 4) while a "lifestyle model" and other models for health promotion are at present widely advocated and are to be found centrally in this institution's (CHC) charter, they have led to little institutional accomodation to cultural diversity. In this thesis my aim is to present an ethnographic portrait of a community health centre, where emphasis is given to the distinctive formal and informal "formative processess" (Good 1994) of social construction of certain perceived common core challenges facing the Canadian biomedical community today - challenges concerning cultural difference and its incorporation into health care perception and practice. I am particularly interested in institutions subscribing to a "health promotion model" of health care, a term I have borrowed from Ewles and Simnett (1992). Ewles and Simnett descrive the meaning of "health promotion" as earlier defined by WHO (World Health Organization): this perspective is derived from a conception of "health" as the extent to which an individual or group is able, on the on hand, to realise aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept emphasising social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities (Ewles & Simnett, 1992:20) Health is therefore concerned with "a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity" (Ewles and Simnett, 1992:6), I am interested in determing how threats to this defintion prevail in a community health centre's ideology of preventive care, and how that ideology encodes dimensions of diversity. I, however, want to go much further than this by exploring everyday staff discourse and practice, to understand how client cultural diversity is formed and informed by what staff do and say. How, in short, do individuals based in a health promotion organization socially construct their clients as objects of institutional concern? We need, as Young (1982) suggest, "to examine the social condition of knowledge production" in an institutionalized health care service provision subculture. There are, I believe, also practical reasons for conducting this research. Over the past ten years the Canadian health care system increasingly has had to focus on two potentially contradictory goals: reducing costs, and lessening persistent inequalities in health status among key groups and categories of persons in the Canadian population. Many now argue that one of the most central dimensions of the latter - of perisistent health inequalities in Canada - is ethnocultural. Few would seriously argue, for example, that Canadian First Nation health statistics are anything but appalling. Moreover, radical changes in immigration patterns over the past three decades have greatly increased urban Canadian cultural diversity. Caring "at home" now assumes international dimensions (McAdoo, 1993; Butrin, 1992; Buchignani, 1991; Indra, 1991, 1987; Galanti, 1991; Dobson, 1991; Waxler-Morrison, 1990; Quereshi, 1989). A growing voiced desire to provide more pluralistic health care and health care promotion has become persistently heard throughout the clinical community in Canada (Krepps and Kunimoto, 1994; Masi, 1993). Even so, for many health professionals cultural difference evidently remians either irrelevant or a threat to the established order of things. Applied research on health care institutions undertaken to investigate how better to meet these challenges nevrtheless remains very incomplete and highly concentrated in two broad areas. One of these is structural factors within the institution that limit cross-cultural access (Herzfeld, 1992; Hanson, 1980). Some of these studies have shown the prevalence of a strictly conservative institutional culture that frequently makes frontline agency workers gate-keeprs, who actively (if unconsciously) maintain client-institution stratification (Ervin, 1993; Demain, 1989; Ng, 1987; Murphy, 1987; Foster-Carter, 1987; de Voe 1981). In addition, extensive research has been conducted on disempowered minority groups. This research has examined the frequency, effectiveness and manner with which ethnic and Native groups make use of medical services. Some institutional research on cross-cultral issues shows that under appropriate conditions health professional like nurses have responded effectively to client needs by establishing culturally sensitive hiring and training policies and by restructuring their health care organizations (Terman, 1993; Henderson, 1992; Davis, 1992; Henkle, 1990; Burner, 1990). Though promising, this research remains radically insufficient for learning purposes. In particular, little work has been done on how such institutions come to "think" (Douglas, 1986) about cultural difference, form mandates in response to pressure to better address culturally different populations and work them into the institution's extant sub-cultral ideas and practice (Habarad, 1987; Leininger, 1978), or on how helping instiutions categorize key populations such as "Indians" or "Vietnamese" as being culturally different, or assign to each a suite of institutionally meaningful cultural attributes (as what becomes the institution's working sense of what is, say, "Vietnamese culture"). This is so despite the existence of a long and fruitful ethnographic institutional research tradition, grounded initially in theories of status and role (Frankel, 1988; Taylor, 1970; Parson, 1951), symbolic ineractionism (Goffman, 1967, 1963, 1961), ethnomethodology (Garfinkle, 1975), and organizational subcultures (Douglas, 1992, 1986, 1982; Abegglen & Stalk, 1985; Ohnuki-Tierney, 1984; Teski, 1981; Blumers, 1969). More recent work on anthropological social exchange theory (Barth, 1981), on institutional and societal discipline (Herzfeld, 1992; Foucault, 1984, 1977), on the institution-client interface (Shield, 1988; Schwartzman, 1987, Ashworth, 1977, 1976, 1975), and on framing the client (Hazan, 1994; Denzin, 1992; Howard, 1991; Goffman, 1974). I also hope that this study makes a contribution to the study of health care and diversity in southern Alberta. Small city ethnic relations in Canada have been almost systematically ignored by researchers, and similar research has not been conducted in this part of Alberta. Local diversity is significant: three very large Indian reserves are nearby, and the city itself has a diverse ethnic, linguistic and ethno-religious population. Also, significant province wide restructuring of health care delivery was and is ongoing, offering both the pitfalls and potentials of quick institutional change. Perhaps some of the findings can contribute to making the future system more responsive to diversity than the present one.
202 p. ; 29 cm.

Thesis advisor: Eva Garroutte
Thesis advisor: David Karp
In an age in which diversity and healthcare inequalities are prominent issues, culturally competent care has emerged as a popular response. However, there seems to be a gap between this academic interest and the attempts to implement cultural competency in the American healthcare system. The aim of this qualitative research was to explore the link between culture and health and to uncover what cultural competency might mean on a practical level through a case study of the pediatric in-patient units of an urban hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. Through participant observation over the span of two months, as well as 20 semi-structured interviews with 14 healthcare providers and 6 bilingual Latino parents of pediatric patients, I investigated the challenges that these groups face in providing and seeking care, respectively. The results of this project attempt to give voice to the families and their providers, as well as suggest how the hospital can better accommodate the needs of the Latino population. Overall, this project has revealed the complexity of the links between culture and health, and indicated that there is no single model of cultural competence that can adequately capture this complexity. Ultimately, relationships and good communication are at the core of the cross-cultural medical encounter, and may serve to create a more culturally welcoming atmosphere for patients of all backgrounds
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology Honors Program
Discipline: Sociology

Context: The Western Cape Province's Department of Health, South Africa, implemented a complex intervention aimed at changing organisational culture across health facilities in the province called the C²AIR² club challenge, in phases, starting from August 2013 and was still ongoing in 2016 at the time of the research. A group of front-line staff from each participating health facility called C²AIR² club champions were capacitated to implement the intervention in their respective facilities. This study aimed to explored the process of introduction, diffusion, adoption and implementation of the C²AIR² club challenge in one of the primary health facilities where the challenge was implemented, using a diffusion of innovation lens. Methods: We examined the process of implementing the C²AIR² club and the contextual and other factors that constrained and enabled this process. Working in one primary health care facility selected as a representative case, we explored the experiences of the champions and other staff members of the C²AIR² club. Our methods included 21 in-depth interviews, informal conversations, document review, and non-participant observation. Results: Innovation-fit, leadership, champions, adopters' characteristics, and contextual issues were the main factors that influenced the spread of the C²AIR² club. Contextual issues particularly those related to resource constraints played a central role in determining the successful spread of the complex organisational culture change intervention. Sufficiently trained champions could successfully spread the intervention without onsite external change consultants' facilitation, however this took time and caution should be taken not to evaluate implementation success too early. Involvement of not only top leadership but of all other multi-levels and multi-disciplines facilitated the spread of the intervention. Conclusions: When introducing an innovation like the C²AIR² club challenge the impact of which is not immediate neither tangible, in an organisation where there are tangible problems such as lack of working space, staff shortages and shortages in working equipment, it is important that efforts are made to address these immediate challenges and where they cannot be addressed that this is openly acknowledged by the implementers and management. If this is not considered, organisational members are likely to acknowledge the innovation as a good initiative but one that they would not actively rally around as it does not speak to their problems.

In today’s global market, international mergers are very common. Different companies with various cultures, start working together. There is a limited amount of literature about what really happens with the company culture when companies merge. There are also few case studies on culture integration of merging companies. Therefore, we would like to make such study and Sony Ericsson provides us with a perfect case, because of their cultural background.

The purpose with our dissertation is to investigate what happens with company culture when a company with high masculinity and a company with low masculinity merge. To study this subject we will try to identify important dimensions concerning masculinity and to develop hypotheses about what happens with company culture when the companies merge. Empirically, we want to try this theory by investigate the company culture, with focus on masculinity, at Sony Ericsson today, five years after their merger. Since Sony and Ericsson have roots in Japan and Sweden and these two countries are very dissimilar when it comes to company culture and the level of masculinity, this specific company provide us with the perfect example to study.

We have made a qualitative study at Sony Ericsson, because our research is descriptive. We conducted an interview and interviewed five persons at Sony Ericsson, one woman and four men.

After conducting our study we have concluded that the integration of masculinity at Sony Ericsson has been very successful. There have been no major culture shocks, according to our respondents.

Keywords: Merger, Company Culture, Masculinity

This thesis explores the idea of research having organisational characteristics which are affected by the institutional culture but can not be defined as a subculture of the institutional culture. In particular, it examines how research culture(s) can be exclusionary and reproduce discriminatory practices. Using quantitative data in the form of Rhodes University Annual Reports and interviews conducted with 11 participants, the thesis documents the current research practices of the Faculty of Humanities at Rhodes University. Such practices incorporate multiple dimensions, including how research is done, who does research, what research is done and research funding rituals. The purpose of this study is to reveal how research cultures are constructed through the seemingly mundane and everyday research practices within a research community. Through the analysis of these everyday practices, participants’ experiences and theoretical arguments, this thesis found that research culture and institutional culture are separate entities, and that research culture plays a vital role in the formation of research practices.

Nowadays, organizations have to deal more and more with cultural diversity concerning their workforce due to globalization. The challenge for these organizations is to manage the cross cultural workforce in an effective way. Therefore, they have to have skills and the necessary knowledge in order to conduct cross cultural management. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to investigate how a cross cultural workforce could be managed effectively. In order to get insights into what differences exist between employees of different cultures, what kind of problems can arise out of these differences and how these problems can be overcome through cross cultural management, a qualitative research approach in form of a case study was conducted. Hereby, interviews with three managers including two head of departments were conducted. These interviews have used the frame of reference as foundation including well-known theories like Hofstede, Inglehart, the eight value orientations, McGregor and some other theories. The statements of the interviews were evaluated and analyzed in order to find answers to the research questions stated in the thesis. The findings of this study show that the management team at LTU is not necessarily focusing on cross cultural differences as the impact is less negative than expected. However, conflicts that still arise do not really seem to have bad consequences at LTU. Therefore, these conflicts can be fixed relatively easy by applying the most important variables connected to encountering cross cultural challenges in the frame of reference. These are: human skills, good communication, creating unity, respect, empathy, body language as well as harnessing differences. Especially the personal attitude as well as the human skills of managers and employees play an essential role.

碩士
中華大學
企業管理學系
107
With the evolution of social patterns, light food and beverages have gradually become the life style of Chinese people. Therefore, Taiwanese restaurant chains have sprung up like mushrooms, and the operation of chain brands has become an emerging trend. In recent years, with the changes of the times in the food industry, various demands and standards have increased, the increase in national income, the progress and change in lifestyle, and the desire to pursue quality of life have increased dramatically. At present, the Taiwan food industry is developing in the direction of high added value and product diversification. How to reduce industrial costs and create more product value in the future will be the direction of industrial efforts. In the development process of the food industry, the problems that need to be solved in the food industry must be followed by such factors as quality consistency, chain extension plan, supply chain manufacturers, and human resources operations. The key to success or failure is to stand out. Based on the analysis of data collected by big data, the future development of social consumption patterns, the reference of the development of the food industry, can achieve the purpose of improving the overall business performance and competitiveness of the food industry, for example, 85ﾟC can become a retail The eye-catching focus of the industry comes from the culture of innovation and creativity, which requires a certain degree of particularity and sophistication of the product, allowing the retail culture to be combined with the standardization of production. Investors believe that consumers will first observe the manufacturers technology, services, commodities or access market before buying. Based on curiosity, new technologies, services, commodities or access markets often attract consumers attention and even change. At present, it has roughly settled the price and product preference. Each of them has strived to expand market share and strive for consumer preferences. After data envelopment analysis ( DEA) Understand the status of 85ﾟC in the market, and then analyze the internal management elements of the test manufacturer through questionnaires and data collection through the level analysis method (AHP), so that you can better understand the decisions and understandings that affect consumers. 85ﾟC is a key factor in the success of this competitive market.

碩士
南華大學
視覺與媒體藝術學系碩士班
99
The research subject is targeted on maid café from Japanese otaku culture. This study of customer experience management is attempting to figure how the value adds in culture and creative industries while the strategy planners face multi-level consumers. They are separated into 3 parts, "the well-known", "known" and "not-known". They could read different meanings from the targeted culture in each level are assumed. And the planned information cascading between them is assumed as a part in "Building the Experiential Platform" from the 5 steps to outstanding customer experience management, the other 4 are: "Analyzing the Experiential World of the Customer", "Designing the Brand Experience", " Structuring the Customer Interface", "Engaging in Continuous Experiential Innovation." Thus, how they are going to be pleased and what they are going to be pleased for are the key of strategy arrangement. 　 　 　　Generally speaking, the strategy that these 3 levels of customers could be complied with individually is going to be analyzed. The researcher interviewed the strategy planner and operators from the most famous maid café in Taiwan, "Fatimaid" and the one who well experiences it.

碩士
國立交通大學
客家文化學院客家社會與文化學程
105
When it comes to how is Hakka culture in Taiwan being transmitted, a cultural museum is rarely deemed or researched as a medium, let alone those target at children as key audience. Considering the significance of children's cognitive learning and cultural continuity in cultural heritage, the two Hakka Cultural Parks, in northern and southern Taiwan respectively, which are under the jurisdiction of Hakka Cultural Development Center both have set up an exhibition area for children. That being said, Cultural Park as a museum in general, not only is for leisure but for cultural transmission as a medium. This essay aims to find out the best approaches to exhibit Hakka culture to children in Taiwan by contrast and comparison on the children exhibition area in the museums in western countries and current practices in the two museums in Taiwan. Through the research, the author found that in western world, the development of the children's perception of the world, the contemporary cognitive theory, social changes show a considerable positive relations to the development of the museums of the country. Children's Cognitive Theory by Jean Piaget showcased the Boston Children's Museum model; While the cultural knowledge of the display is the use of Lev S. Vygotsky's social and cultural theory: Environment Interaction Approach by Reggio Emilia integrated the two programs by Piaget and Vygotsky but emphasized on environmental learning. Although the author discovered the museums in Taiwan are different from western ones because of East-West differences in the perception of the museum and children's difference, the National Museum of Children applies the cognitive theory of the National Museum in children's play room also has an interesting exhibition. Based on the same evaluation, the author concludes that the Hakka culture park in Miaoli, Taiwan doesn’t apply a persuasive study in building the Children’s exhibition room nor considering children's cognitive theory. The display of the Liudui though is highly related to Hakka studies and trying to apply with Cognitive methods, the author still finds rooms for improvement. In conclusion, the two Cultural parks in Taiwan are built more from the profit optimization than cultural transmition responsibilities from the exhibition content they choose is difficult to arouse Children’s learning initiatives. Last, the author proposes three points of reflection and four suggestions as a call to action for improvements.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
創新設計研究所
100
Objects carry history and accumulate experience of ordinary people. Barrel industry product Barrels but declined by economic change. Recently, government promote cultural and creative industries, consequently this research hope using Taiwan barrel culture as context, giving old culture a new life in products to preserve their value. “Language Model of Product Design” include subject and description. Subject means the main definition(NP) and modifiers(AdjP). “Language Model of Culture Product Design” shows culture will affect the appearance(NCP) and function(VCP). This research design three products: (1)Bar-seat: use the behavior of using hand bar and the appearance of water overflow into seat design; (2)Stop and Stay: use the dynamic transformation of agricultural barrel into the shaking stool; (3)Rolling: use the positive meaning of descendant barrel, design one compartment bucket with three cylinder in one for modern use.