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Hirai, Shigeto. "Investigation of CaIr1-xPtxO3 and CaIr0.5Rh0.5O3 : structural properties, physical properties and stabilising conditions for post-perovskite oxides." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5019.
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Our understanding of the nature of Earth’s D” region was changed significantly by a recent finding by Murakami et al. (2004), who revealed a phase transition from perovskite to post-perovskite structure in MgSiO3 at about 125 GPa and 2500 K, corresponding to conditions of the lowermost mantle. A perovskite to post-perovskite phase transition accounts for many unusual features of the D” region, including its notable seismic anisotropy, and also accounts for the unusual topology of the D” discontinuity. However, the experimentally synthesised post-perovskite phase of MgSiO3 is not quenchable to ambient conditions, which means that many of its physical properties remain difficult to determine. On the other hand, there are several post-perovskite oxides, CaIrO3, CaPtO3, CaRhO3 and CaRuO3, which can be quenched to ambient conditions, maintaining their structure. High pressure synthesis of CaIr1-xPtxO3 solid solutions (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) and CaIr0.5Rh0.5O3 was conducted at the University of Edinburgh and Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, and structures and physical properties of these novel post-perovskite materials determined. Substantial [100] grain growth was observed in all solid solutions leading to pronounced texture even in powdered materials. Temperature-independent paramagnetism above 150 K and small magnetic entropy observed in heat capacity measurements suggest that CaIrO3 is an intrinsically weak itinerant ferromagnetic metal, while electrical resistivity measurements show that it is a narrow bandgap semiconductor, possibly due to grain boundary effects. CaIrO3 undergoes a magnetic transition at 108K and possesses a saturated magnetic moment of 0.04 μB. Doping with Pt or Rh induces Curie-Weiss paramagnetism and suppresses the magnetic transition. The anisotropic structure and morphology of CaIrO3 combined with the Ir4+ spin-orbit coupling results in a large magnetic anisotropy constant of 1.77 x 106 Jm-3, comparable to values for permanent magnet materials. A new high-pressure phase of CaIr0.5Pt0.5O3 was synthesised at 60GPa, 1900K using a laser-heated DAC (diamond anvil cell) at GRC, Ehime University. Its Raman spectra resemble those of perovskite phases of CaIrO3 and CaMnO3, implying that CaIr0.5Pt0.5O3 undergoes a post-perovskite to perovskite phase transition with increasing pressure. I estimate an increase in thermodynamic Grüneisen parameter γth across the post-perovskite to perovskite transition of 34 %, with similar magnitude to (Mg,Fe)SiO3 and MgGeO3, suggesting that CaIr0.5Pt0.5O3 is a promising analogue for experimentally simulating the competitive stability between perovskite and post-perovskite phase of magnesium silicates in Earth’s lowermost mantle. Such estimation is reliable since the estimated and directly calculated thermodynamic Grüneisen parameter γth from heat capacity show consistent values. The marked effect that Pt has on stabilising the post-perovskite structure in CaIr1-xPtxO3 solid solutions explains why the post-perovskite to perovskite phase transition has not been observed for CaPtO3 in contrast to other quenchable post-perovskite oxides: CaIrO3, CaRhO3 and CaRuO3.Work presented here demonstrates that CaIrO3 solid solutions can be used to provide new insight into factors stabilising post-perovskite structures in Earth’s lowermost mantle.
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Auber, Julien. "Yūḥannā al-Armanī al-Qudsī et le renouveau de l'art de l’icône en Égypte ottomane". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP051.
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Actif de 1740 à 1786, année de sa mort, Yūḥannā al Armanī al-Qudsī fut l’un des plus prolifiques peintres d’icônes que l’Égypte ottomane ait pu connaître. Bénéficiant d’un renouveau politique et économique, les chrétiens d’Égypte ont pu restaurer et mettre en valeur leur patrimoine religieux, notamment en faisant réaliser de nombreuses icônes pour décorer les églises. Yūḥannā al Armanī et son proche collègue Ibrāhīm al-Nāsiḫ répondirent à cet appel en développant de grands ateliers prêts à répondre à ces commandes. Le résultat est si spectaculaire que, encore aujourd’hui, il est difficile de ne pas visiter une église copte du Caire sans voir un panneau réalisé par l’un ou l’autre de ces hommes. La réunion d’un corpus de plus de quatre cents icônes permet désormais d’envisager l’ampleur du travail qui résulta de ce tandem. Le style des peintres est également ce qui fait la grande originalité de cette production. Souvent indéfinissable, comme le remarquait déjà en son temps A. J. Butler à la fin du XIXe siècle, celui-ci illustre les multiples sources qui ont été utilisées. On y trouve à la fois, pêle-mêle, des inspirations des traditions chrétiennes locales, des évocations de tissus ottomans ou des compositions issues de tableaux européens. Cette particularité tient dans un fait bien concret. Yūḥannā al Armanī, comme son nom l’indique, est issu d’une famille arménienne. Bien qu’étant né en Égypte et ayant épousé une Égyptienne copte, il n’en demeure pas moins très attaché à ses racines, aussi bien par son lieu d’habitation au Caire – proche de l’église arménienne – que par la sociabilité qu’il développe. Afin de mieux cerner ce peintre atypique et son œuvre, il convient de cerner les réseaux qui existent au Caire dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle. Ses sources d’inspiration ont ainsi pu notamment être découvertes au détour d’ouvrages liturgiques imprimés en Europe ou à la Nouvelle-Djoulfa et retrouvés dans la bibliothèque des pères franciscains du Mūski au Caire. Comprendre l’art de Yūḥannā al Armanī permet ainsi de mieux cerner la diffusion des iconographies chrétiennes en Afrique et au Proche-Orient, voguant, au gré des courants de la mer Méditerranée. Son œuvre montre qu’il n’est pas simplement entre Orient et Occident, il est au croisement de circulations complexes qui font éclater cette problématique<br>Active from 1740 to 1786, the year of his death, Yūḥannā al Armanī al-Qudsī was one of the most prolific icon painters that Ottoman Egypt has ever known. Benefiting from a political and economic renewal, the Christians of Egypt have been able to restore and enhance their religious heritage, in particular by having many icons made to decorate churches. Yūḥannā al Armanī and his close colleague Ibrāhīm al-Nāsiḫ responded to this call by developing large workshops ready to respond to these orders. The result is so spectacular that, even today, it is difficult not to visit a Coptic church in Cairo without seeing a panel made by one or the other of these men. The gathering of a corpus of more than four hundred icons now makes it possible to consider the extent of the work that resulted from this tandem. The style of the painters is also what makes this production so original. Often undefinable, as already noted in his time A. J. Butler at the end of the 19th century, this one illustrates the many sources that have been used. There are both, jumbled together, inspirations from local Christian traditions, evocations of Ottoman fabrics or compositions from European paintings. This particularity is based on a very concrete fact. Yūḥannā al Armanī, as its name suggests, comes from an Armenian family. Although he was born in Egypt and married a Coptic Egyptian, he remains very attached to his roots, both by his place of residence in Cairo - close to the Armenian church - and by the sociability he develops. In order to better understand this atypical painter and his work, it is necessary to understand the networks that existed in Cairo in the second half of the 18th century. His sources of inspiration have been discovered in liturgical works printed in Europe or New Julfa and found in the Franciscan's Library at Mūski in Cairo. Understanding the art of Yūḥannā al Armanī thus makes it possible to better understand the diffusion of Christian iconographies in Africa and the Near East, sailing, according to the currents of the Mediterranean Sea. His work shows that he is not simply between East and West, he is at the crossroads of complex circulations that make this problem explode
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Abouseda, Hassan. "Building in Cairo, building over Cairo." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79035.
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Thesis (M. Arch)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1987.<br>MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 41).<br>The section of the Medieval city of Cairo centered around Shari' AI Moe'iz which connects the Northern gate of Bab AI Futuh with the Southern gate Bab Zowayla, is now known as AI Gamaliya. From the time the city of Cairo was laid-out, in 969 A.D. to the arrival of European colonialism with the Napoleonic Campaign. AI Gamaliya has been the site for buildings that serve as superb examples of the formal beliefs. technical capabilities and social patterns of the respective eras that built them. For this project, I have elected to inhabit the now empty pockets that riddle this dense and seemingly homogeneous environment. in an effort to place an architecture of the late twentieth century among the historic struCtures of Shari' Al Moe'iz. Fundamental to this effort is a definition of a contemporary formal vocabulary that would be in harmony with those historic vocabularies which exist. Many of the elements of the various styles. From Fatimid to Mamluke, such as arches and vaults were a direct result of technical limitations, others such as the distinctive mashrabiya screens were an accommodation of social patterns, while the gilt inscription band carried from one building to the other down Shari' Al Moe'iz served as religious icon. The power of such elements lies in their historic integrity as direct expressions of climatic. technological and social conditions of their time. The mere replication of existing or historic formal vocabularies or the reorganization of such vocabularies in a pastiche of iconic elements to house current uses totally alien to them, does not adequately satisfy the conditions of our time. The issues involved are simultaneously simpler and more profound Climate remains a powerful factor but the availability of materials and technology offers opportunities until recently unknown. The cultural or behavioural patterns which simultaneously inspired and resulted from these historic struCtures prompts a recognition of formal, particularly dimensional concerns. and the exigencies of modem life, as mundane as vehicular access and parking on streets designed only for pedestrians, present an additional set of requirements to which we must respond. This thesis is an attempt to manifest an understanding of these conditions. as a result of observation, and, based on such understanding. to develop formal principles, which offer a transformation of the traditional as well as a reflection of the contemporary.<br>by Hassan Abouseda.<br>M.Arch
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Zakarevičiūtė, Ieva. "Imaging woman in the streets of Cairo. Analyses of Cairo graffiti." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130827_132637-73936.
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Thesis analyses imaging of women in the Cairo graffiti field that emerged after 2011 January 25 revolution. Author raises and argument that Cairo graffiti is not only a romanticized and heroic space created as genre of freedom of expression and used as a struggle against changing political systems in Egypt, but rather a pluralistic public sphere where different opinions, ideas and arguments are emerging. Thesis distinguishes major archetypes used as predominant images of women, it analyses what features are used in constructing the "correct" role of woman.<br>Magistro darbas analizuoja moterų vaizdavimą Kairo miesto graffiti erdvėje. Keliant pagrindinę tezė, jog tai nėra vien tik romantizuota ir herojiška kovos prieš kintančią sistemą Egipte forma (Mubarako rėžimas, Armijos valdymas, prieštaringai vertinamo prezidento Morsi kadencija), o veikiau dinamiška bei pliuralistinė viešoji sfera, kur išreiškiamos skirtingos nuomonės, vyksta dialogai ir debatai ir kartais net „graffiti karai“. Bandoma nustatyti kokios moteriškumo įvaizdžiai bei vaidmenys naudojami konstruojant „teisingąją“ moteriškumo idėją.
Analizei pasitelkiami vokiečių sociologo Jurgeno Habermaso viešosios sferos principai bei Yuval Davis lyties kaip nacionalinio simbolio konstravimo teorija; naudojami surinkti graffiti darbai gatvėse, interviu su graffiti piešėjais, moterų teisių aktyvistais. Kairo graffiti erdvė ir joje varijuojančios idėjos yra lyginama su visuomenėje vykstančiais debatais apie moters padėti, vaidmenį bei teises.
Pirmoji darbo dalis iškelia tris pagrindiniu moteriškumo archetipus: moteris-tauta, moteris-mama, moteris- kekšė, - dominuojančius graffiti sferoje, kur moters atvaizdas dažnai naudojamas kaip metafora įvairių struktūrų, režimo, ar pačios šalies kritikai bei šlovinimui. Analizuojama kaip šie tipai atspindi visuomenėje vyraujančias vertybes susijusias su moters padėtimi bei elgesiu.
Antrojoje dalyje analizuojama trys vyraujantys debatai susiję su moterų teisėmis ir padėtimi: seksualinis priekabiavimas, moterų teisių aktyvizmas bei tradicinis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Creasman, Pearce Paul. "The Cairo Dahshur boats." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4852.
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Excavations conducted in A.D. 1894 and 1895 by French archaeologist Jean-
Jacques de Morgan at the funerary complex of the ancient Egyptian Middle Kingdom
pharaoh Senwosret III on the plain of Dahshur revealed some unparalleled finds which
included five or six small boats. These boats provide a unique opportunity in nautical
archaeology—to study contemporaneous hulls. Today, only four of the "Dahshur boats"
can be located with certainty; two are in the United States, one in the Carnegie Museum
of Natural History in Pittsburgh and one in the Field Museum of Natural History in
Chicago. The remaining two are on display in The Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
Since their excavation these boats remained relatively inconspicuous until the
mid-1980s when a study of the two hulls in the United States was conducted. However,
the two boats in Cairo remained largely unpublished.
This thesis combines personal observation and recording of the Cairo boats over
two summers to reveal more unique characteristics of the hulls and will facilitate a future
study of the group as a whole. Each boat is discussed individually and is further divided
into its major components by order of construction.
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Drolet, Julie L. "Women and micro credit : towards an understanding of women's experiences in Cairo, Egypt." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100353.
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Women's access to micro credit has increased substantially worldwide. International organizations, non-governmental organizations, commercially-oriented institutions and governments support the proliferation of micro credit programs through diverse funding arrangements, and specifically target women to participate in such initiatives. This dissertation explores women's experiences in a micro credit program in Cairo, Egypt, funded by Save the Children (USA) in order to contribute to the growing debate on women's poverty reduction and empowerment potential. Because women's voices are critical the issues are raised through questions regarding women's situation in micro credit and what factors assist women in meeting their choices and concerns, and empowerment outcomes.<br>A qualitative research study of women's micro credit groups based in Cairo's Abdeen and Imbeba neighbourhoods was used in order to address women's experiences. In the literature reviewed on micro credit and micro finance, international development paradigms for women, and the socio-economic context in Cairo served to identify important influences. Women's sources of power based in the household were used to develop a conceptual framework. Women's triple roles in production, reproduction and community managing, women's practical and strategic gender needs, and theories of women's empowerment formed the principal elements.<br>Findings were based on interviews and observation with 69 project participants, including 54 women borrowers, of which 11 interviewed women agreed to a second interview, and 4 key staff members of the Group Guaranteed Lending and Savings program. Numerous assumptions regarding the role of micro credit in the lives of low-income women are reported and analyzed. An exploration of women's experiences reveals that, social issues in micro credit are as important, perhaps even more so, than the economic concerns of the projects. Only through building a more complete picture of women's lives can micro credit programs achieve their objective: to contribute to greater gender equity in society.<br>Keywords. micro credit; women; informal economy; poverty; empowerment; international social work; Middle East
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Rashed, Haitham Farouk. "Sustainable urban development in historic Cairo." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14591/.
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Heritage is a constituent of the cultural tradition, and an important component of societal and community welfare. This comprehensive vision merges both tangible and intangible dimensions; architectural and historical values. As a result of globalisation, local communities of heritage sites have started to realise the significance of their influencing voices in shaping their lives and futures. Several rehabilitation and development initiatives have been selected for this study to review lessons learned from a variety of methodologies adopted for different historical districts of distinctive urban, political, and socio-economic contexts. Historic Cairo is home to the largest concentration of Islamic monuments in the world and was designated a world heritage site in 1979. Despite historic Cairo's international and national significance, it is highly vulnerable to negligence and deterioration as a consequence of modernisation and rapid changes in urban and cultural lifestyles. Historic Cairo has attracted numerous rehabilitation, preservation and restoration studies, proposals, and projects through governmental, national, and international efforts. These rehabilitation schemes however have lacked the sustainable urban development delivery in this heritage context. Moreover, most of the schemes neglected yet another significant dimension for sustainable urban development considered key to many successful schemes; community participation and involvement in the planning process. The study aims to fill the research gap identified to achieve sustainable urban development in historic Cairo. Thus, a thorough, evidence-based, and theoretically informed methodology has been proposed for developing a tailored intervention that attempts to tackle some of the most critical problems in historic Cairo. The present study adopts a mixed-method strategy with an in-depth case study to undertake a comprehensive analysis of the research problem. This mixed methodology has had the benefit of combining data collection techniques, interviews and questionnaire in order to explore more fully the context of the case study. The combination of methods has provided a basis for exploring how community participation plays a vital role in the success (or failure) of the delivery of a development intervention in historic Cairo. Results from questionnaires and interviews have provided a robust vision of how the bottom-up and top-down views complement each other to provide a foundation for the researcher to build the proposed intervention on. The analysed results are to provide recommendations to decision makers on how best to encourage and incorporate stakeholders' views in future interventions implemented within their rich historic context. Drawing from the survey results along with lessons learnt from other development initiatives in heritage sites, and complementing this with space syntax analysis techniques, a set of tailored design guidelines is generated for sustainable development in historic Cairo. The proposed design guidelines comprise recommendations that have dealt with the five main urban zones of historic Cairo based on the most critically required design principles for sustainable development; diversity and choice, distinctiveness/sense of place, users' needs, self sufficiency/participation, and pollution reduction. The proposed strategy has aimed to consider the development of the physical urban context of historic Cairo whilst enhancing the social, economic, and environmental aspects within the local community to guarantee the sustainable delivery and outcomes of the intervention.
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Zijlstra, Claudette. "A study of child growth amongst urban refugees under 2 years old in Cairo /." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101697.
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Little is known about the nutritional status of urban refugees. This study assesses the prevalence of malnutrition in a sample of refugee children in Cairo and analyses associations between growth indicators and their determinants. This cross-sectional study surveyed a sample of African refugee children (n=201) under two years of age. In home interviews, height and weight were measured and maternal and household characteristics, handwashing and breastfeeding practices and recent child illness were assessed. In this sample, 13% of refugee children were stunted, 4% were underweight and 8% were wasted. Multivariate analysis revealed that growth was independently and positively associated with having a flush toilet, good handwashing practices, and not recently having fever. Older children were significantly smaller than reference children of the same age, but child age was not associated with malnutrition. Further monitoring and assessment of long-term growth and development of refugee children in Cairo is required. Good child care practices should be promoted in the community.
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Ragab, Omneya. "Les scarabées pharaoniques de la collection du roi Farouk au musée égyptien du Caire." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30102.
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Le lot de scarabées présenté dans ce travail appartient à l’ancienne collection d’antiquités du roi Farouk (1920-1965). La collection fut confisquée après les événements de 1952. Certains de ces objets, dont les scarabées ici étudiés, furent déposés dans une banque, avec les bijoux de la famille royale. Ils gagnèrent les réserves du musée égyptien du Caire en 1969. Ils sont aujourd'hui conservés dans deux grandes boîtes scellées. Dans ces dernières furent triés 1800 sceaux pharaoniques, dont la majorité était des scarabées. De ce premier lot, une première sélection de 350 objets fut effectuée, de celle-ci une deuxième de 298, à partir de laquelle furent extraits les 114 scarabées étudiés ici.Ces scarabées avaient été achetés sur des critères probablement esthétiques ou parce que dans certains cas ces scarabées sont des curiosités. On ne connaît la provenance d’aucun : ils sont, par conséquent, décontextualisés, sur un plan archéologique. On ne possède, en outre, aucun renseignement sur le lieu d'origine ni même sur l'endroit où ils ont été achetés. On ne peut donc reconstituer le parcours qu'ils ont effectué. Chacun a donc été étudié comme un unicum dans la mesure où on ne pouvait les replacer dans un contexte archéologique.Le principal critère retenu pour mener cette analyse est la lisibilité des hiéroglyphes de la face et la qualité de réalisation du scarabée. Ce choix arrêté, les scarabées ont été examinés dans le détail, mesurés, photographiés et un fac-similé de la face réalisé pour chacun d'eux. D’autres critères ont été également retenus comme la typologie du dos.Le plus ancien de ces scarabées est au nom du roi Chéops de la IVe dynastie, le plus récent date de la XXVIe dynastie. Les autres ne se distribuent pas de manière harmonieuse entre les différentes périodes. Le Nouvel Empire est surreprésenté. Vient ensuite le Moyen Empire et quelques rares scarabées se répartissent entre l'Ancien Empire et l'époque tardive.Les objets ont été classés en plusieurs groupes: les scarabées avec noms de rois avec « parallèles » attestés (A), les scarabées avec noms de rois sans « parallèles » attestés (B), les scarabées avec noms de reines ou de membres de la famille royale avec « parallèles » attestés (C), les scarabées avec noms de reines ou de membres de la famille royale sans « parallèles » attestés (D), les scarabées avec noms de particuliers avec « parallèles » attestés (E), les scarabées avec noms de particuliers sans « parallèles » attestés (F), les scarabées autres avec « parallèles » attestés (G), et les scarabées autres sans « parallèles » attestés (H). Enfin, un commentaire a été effectué<br>The lot of scarab beetles presented in this work belongs to the former collection of Antiquities of King Farouk (1920-1965). The collection was confiscated after the events of 1952. Some of these objects, including the scarab beetles studied here, were deposited in a bank with the jewels of the royal family. They were deposited in the archives of the Cairo Egyptian Museum in 1969. Today they are kept in two large sealed boxes. One box contains 1800 pharaonic seals, most of which were scarab beetles. Of this lot, a first selection of 350 objects was made that was then narrowed down to 298 objects, from which the 114 sacarab beetles studied here were extracted.These scarab beetles were probably purchased on aesthetic criteria or because, in some cases, they were curiosities. We do not know the origin of any: they are, therefore, decontextualized, from an archaeological plan. There is no information available on the place of origin or even about where they were purchased, so it is not possible to reconstruct their history. Each has been studied as a unicum since we could not place any of them in an archaeological context.The main criterion used to conduct this analysis was the readability of the hieroglyphs on the face and the quality of implementation (or execution) of the beetle. The choice was made after the scarab beetles were examined in detail, measured, photographed and a facsimile of the face made for each of them. Other selection criteria were applied like the typology of the back.The oldest of these scarab beetles dates from the time of King Khufu of the Fourth Dynasty; the most recent of them dates to the XXVI Dynasty. The others are distributed unequally among different periods. The New Kingdom is over-represented. Then comes the Middle Kingdom. A few scarab beetles are divided between the Old Kingdom and the Late Period.The objects were classified into several groups: scarab beetles with names of kings with "parallels" attested (A), scarab beetles with kings names without "parallels" attested (B), scarab beetles with names of queens or members royal family with "parallels" attested (C), scarab beetles with names of queens or members of the royal family without "parallels" attested (D), scarab beetles with individual names with "parallels" attested (E), scarab beetles with specific names without "parallels" attested (F), scarab beetles with other "parallels" attested (G), and scarab beetles with other "parallels" attested (H). Finally, a comment was made
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Watson, Helen. "Women in the City of the Dead : migration, money and marriage." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272719.
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Bardinet, Marie-Amélie. "Etre ou devenir italien au Caire de 1861 à la première guerre mondiale : vecteurs et formes d'une construction communautaire entre mythe et réalités." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030096.
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Cette étude présente, dans le sillage des travaux sur la construction des identités des communautés italiennes à l’étranger, les modalités de rassemblement et d’unification de la colonie italienne du Caire de 1861 à la Première Guerre mondiale et ses vecteurs identitaires. Elle remet en question à cette occasion la vision littéraire du cosmopolitisme égyptien au XIXe siècle, de cet âge d’or dont on déplore la disparition, tout en mettant en évidence le mouvement véritablement cosmopolite des revendications sociales et indépendantistes du début du XXe siècle. Une étude des liens de sociabilités formels de la colonie italienne du Caire et de son discours identitaire permet en effet d’observer de manière approfondie le discours tenu par les associations de la colonie autour du cosmopolitisme et d’en observer l’inadéquation à la réalité. Le cosmopolitisme est surtout employé comme justification de la présence italienne en Egypte et comme moyen de se démarquer face aux colonies françaises, grecques et anglaises. Par ailleurs la colonie cairote à partir des années 1880 se compose d’une majorité d’ouvriers et artisans. L’étude des sociabilités informelles (liens d’amitié, de parenté, relations de voisinage et de travail) permet d’observer les rapports de la colonie au sens large avec le milieu cairote, qui sont caractérisés par des relations s’inscrivant dans une indifférence réciproque ponctuée de désordres imprévisibles plutôt que dans le cosmopolitisme tant vanté par les textes littéraires. Pourtant ce cosmopolitisme a une réalité car il est présent au cours des luttes sociales du Caire du début des années 1900 à travers l’union des ouvriers italiens, grecs et égyptiens dans les premiers mouvements de grève cairote. L’insertion des anarchistes italiens dans ce contexte permet de relier ces évènements à un mouvement plus global de luttes sociales à travers l’Europe et même l’Amérique latine, annonciateur de modernité<br>In the wake of previous works on the building of identities of Italian communities abroad, this study analyses how the Italian community of Cairo took shape from 1861 until the First World Wide War, as well as its identity factors. In doing so, it questions the litterary claim of a true Egyptian cosmopolitism in the ninetieth century, this much missed golden age, but also highlights the truly cosmopolitan movement of social and independence demands of the early twentieth century. Indeed, the study of formal social ties of Cairo Italian colony and its identity discourse leads to great detail on the official speech of its societies about cosmopolitism and puts it largely into perspective. Cosmopolitanism appears to be mainly claimed as a justification of the Italian presence in Egypt and as a way to stand apart from the French, Greek and English colonies. Moreover, the Cairo colony of 1880 consisted mainly of workers and craftsmen. The study of informal social relationships (friendships, family ties, neighborhood and work bonds) shows the links of the colony as a whole with its Cairo environment were characterized by mutual indifference punctuated by unpredictable disturbances - as opposed to the much touted cosmopolitanism claimed by literary texts. Yet cosmopolitism actually did exist as it was present in Cairo social struggles in the early 1900s through the union of Italian, Greek and Egyptian workers during the first strikes ever to happen in the city. The participation of Italian anarchists in this context made these events part of a global movement of social struggles across Europe and even Latin America that were the promise of a new modern era
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Desvaux, Pierre. "L'arraisonnement des milieux urbains : .analyse des flux cataboliques au Caire (Egypte) et à Lyon (France)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH028/document.
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Cette thèse propose une approche qualitative du métabolisme urbain à partir du cas des flux de déchets au Caire (Égypte) et à Lyon (France). Il s’agit de dépasser l’impossibilité présumée de la comparaison de cas d’études a priori très éloignés (selon un axe Nord/Sud) en proposant une grille de lecture centrée sur la multiplicité des infrastructures sociales et techniques permettant la circulation et la transformation de ces matières. Elle se penche plus particulièrement sur les flux dits cataboliques permettant de décrire l’ensemble des étapes de transformations et de circulation de la matière permettant la « mort sociale des objets » entendue comme une protection hygiénique et critique à l’égard de leur dangerosité. L’analyse du déploiement des flux cataboliques à travers les milieux urbains permet ainsi de mettre en avant les formes prises par le contrôle de ces flux. Cette formalisation est ici présentée comme un arraisonnement du milieu, pensé comme une mise en ordre des milieux par des pratiques hétérogènes de codage et de surcodage. Ces notions permettent d’identifier un modèle d’urbanisation occidental pensé comme une mise en ingénierie des milieux urbains (ingénierie mésologique). Cette grille de lecture se conçoit comme un « troisième terme » permettant de faire dialoguer des cas d’étude souvent considérés incommensurables en raison d’une approche tératologique des modèles de développement urbain du Sud. Cette approche est marquée par une volonté de justice épistémologique entrant dans le cadre de la refondation postcoloniale des études urbaines et par la volonté de participer au développement de ce que Souleymane Bachir Diagne nomme un « universalisme de traduction ». À partir de ce cadre théorique sont analysés le fonctionnement et les évolutions historiques et contemporaines des pratiques d’arraisonnement gouvernementales ou non des flux cataboliques au Caire et à Lyon dans le contexte du déploiement du métabolisme capitaliste contemporain<br>This thesis intend to formulate a qualitative analysis of urban metabolism based on the study of waste circulations in Cairo (Egypt) and Lyon (France). I propose here an analytical framework centered on multiple social and technical infrastructures allowing the circulation and transformation of matter to overlook assumptions of incommensurability of Northern and Southern urban contexts. Catabolic flows are presented as a way of encompassing the whole of the process of the « social death of things » understood as a practice of protection from the hygienic and critic hazards of waste. Such flows are deployed by an effort of enframing urban milieus through heterogeneous practices of coding and overcoding. Those notions help me to identify an western form of urbanization relying on an engineering of urban milieus (mesologic engineering). This theoretical frame is thought as a « third term » allowing a discussion between cases oftenly considered as incommensurable because of teratological understanding of urban development in the South. The idea is to set up what Souleymane Bachir Diagne calls an « universalism of translation » in line with postcolonial inquiries of a necessary renewal of urban theories through the study of southern urban experiences. Starting there, catabolic flows are studied through the analysis of enframing practices in Lyon and Cairo in the context of contemporary capitalist metabolism
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Fahmi, Kamal Hanna. "Participatory action research (PAR) : a view from the field." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84506.
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The phenomenon of street children is world-wide and on the increase despite numerous programs aiming at its eradication. The failure to adequately address this complex and very diverse phenomenon is the result of conceptual confusion with respect to defining who a street child is. The dominant discourse on street children defines them as victims or deviants to be rescued and rehabilitated. As such, the capacity of many of these children for human agency is occluded by excluding them from participation in the construction of solutions to their problems. I argue that, far from being mere victims and deviants, these kids, in running away from alienating structures and finding relative freedom in the street, often become autonomous and are capable of actively defining their situations in their own terms. They are able to challenge the roles assigned to children, make judgements and develop a network of niches in the heart of the metropolis in order to resist exclusion and chronic repression. I further argue that for research and action with street kids to be emancipatory, it is necessary to acknowledge and respect the human agency the kids display in changing their own lives and to capitalize on their voluntary participation in non-formal educational activities as well as in collective advocacy.<br>The thesis draws on a participatory action research (PAR) methodology spanning eight years of fieldwork with street kids in Cairo, which eclectically combined street ethnography, street work and action science. I critically review the historical development of these methodologies, and I argue for a conception of PAR as an open-ended process of action and reflective participatory research incorporated into everyday activities and work with excluded, marginalized and oppressed groups such as street kids. As such, I pay special attention to the ethical dilemmas that arise in day-to-day PAR practice.
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Lekas, Sara L. "The emergence of women leaders in Cairo, Egypt." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3583292.
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<p> The purpose of this paper is to conduct a qualitative phenomenological study with the intention to explain, explore, and determine the factors that lead to the emergence of women as leaders in Egypt. Accomplishing this investigation required the assessment of how participants perceive a condition through experience and consciousness and how events appear from a first-person point of view. The purposefully selected participants were women in leadership roles in both the public and private sectors. Ten women were interviewed two times each over six months. The study attempts to shed light on the factors that contribute to women in Egypt obtaining leadership positions. This study investigated the factors that contribute to the lack of women acquiring positions of management, guidance, and leadership -- positions usually dominated by men in Egypt by asking: (a) What are the perceived factors that contribute to the lack of women acquiring positions of management, guidance, and leadership? and (b) What are the perceived positions of leadership women occupy the most? Information was collected from the interviewee using the guide approach to provide a focus for the researcher and participants. This approach permitted a certain amount of autonomy and flexibility to acquire the appropriate information from the interviewee. The interviews consisted of presenting open-ended questions allowing women to reflect on how they were successful in obtaining these leadership positions. The study revealed four pertinent themes: (a) family influence, (b) leadership position, (c) family obligations, and (d) level of education. </p>
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Mahdy, Hossam Mahmoud. "Attitudes towards architectural conservation : the case of Cairo." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311318.
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Mak, Lanver. "The British community in occupied Cairo, 1882-1922." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2001. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29227/.
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Though officially ruled by the Ottoman Entire, Egypt was under British occupation between 1882 and 1922. Most studies about the British in Egypt during this time focus on the political and administrative activities of British officials based on government documents or their memoirs and biographies. This thesis focuses on various aspects of the British community in Cairo based on sources that have been previously overlooked such as census records, certain private papers, and business, newspaper, military and missionary archives. At the outset, this discussion introduces demographic data on the British community to establish its size, residential location and context among other foreign communities and the wider Egyptian society. Then it deliberates on the occasional ambiguous boundaries that identified members of the community from non-members as well as the symbols and institutions that united the community. Ensuing chapters on the community's socio-occupational diversity and criminal activities suggest that the British community in Cairo was not homogeneous. The community consisted of not only law-abiding upper middle class officials but of an assortment of businessmen, missionaries, and working-class maids and labourers; some of whom were involved in crimes and misdemeanours. The analysis concludes by investigating the diversity of reactions of Cairo's Britons to the challenge of World War I and the subsequent revolutionary period of 1919-1922. Due to time and space constraints, the discussion concentrates on the British community in Cairo, since for the most part, more Britons resided in Cairo than Alexandria. However, where appropriate to the thesis' key themes, data on the British in Alexandria will be included.
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Kontarakis, C. "Muslims possessed : spirit possession and Islam in Cairo." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1463634/.
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In Cairo, infidel spirits called jinns threaten to possess Muslims with weak souls, a weakness that is deemed to be closely connected with lack of faith and morality. An informal group of Muslims called sheikhs exorcise the invading spirits, and in doing so help to constitute the discursive logic underlying spirit possession in Cairo. Through a ritual that asserts the centrality and supremacy of God, the sheikhs reinstate God’s presence by reciting the Qur’an in order to exorcise the jinns out of the Muslims’ bodies. Based on the findings of a fifteen month fieldwork research in Cairo (2007-2008), this thesis focuses on the ritual of the Qur’anic exorcism, along with the cosmology and the discursive logic that surrounds it, as this is expressed by the agents involved in it: the exorcists, the possessing spirits and the Muslims possessed, all forming a particular spirit possession complex that dwells in Islamic grounds and evolves at a certain socio-historical moment, being part of the broader cultural process of what is called “Islamic Revival”. By offering a perspective on anthropological debates about Islamic pluralism, the thesis argues that the Islamic ritual of exorcism escapes binary classifications inspired by the Gellnerian interpretative tropes, and reveals the ability of Islam to express itself poetically and in plural ways while at the same time constituting its monism through an underlying metaphysics concerned with establishing God as both centre and border of Islamic practice and cosmology. Taking ritual as an expression of the broader social and cultural orders within which it is embedded, the thesis shows that the Islamic exorcism in Cairo is in crucial ways homologous with the social and moral order of the world in which the Cairenes live, a moral order that is to be understood in relation to the “Islamic Revival” as an ethical project.
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Attia, Sahar. "Les Impacts du nouveau métro du Caire étude des effets de la première ligne Helwan-Ramsès sur le dynamisme du Sud de l'agglomération cairote /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611074c.
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Attia, Sahar. "Les impacts du nouveau métro du Caire : étude des effets de la 1ère ligne Helwan-Ramsès sur le dynamisme du sud de l'agglomération cairote." Paris 12, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA120028.
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Cette these s'inscrit dans le cadre des recherches sur les interactions entre un transport de masse et la structure urbaine de l'agglomeration desservie. Le 1er troncon du nouveau metro du caire, etant mis en service recemment, cette recherche etudie les effets de cette ligne sur le developpement de la peripherie sud de l'agglomeration cairote. A travers l'analyse des experiences etrangeres, le metro s'est revele etre un accelerateur de l'urbanisation, un catalyseur de poles, un element de mutation et surtout un outil pour la realiser. C'est ainsi que l'examen des differents phenomenes urbains du secteur sud a revele le role que peut jouer le metro dans sa structuration, et le demarrage intensif de son developpement, ce qui permettra d'attenuer la centralite et d'etablir un equilibre spatial et urbain qui assurera le fonctionnement du systeme des trois elements : metro, centre et peripherie<br>This thesis deals with the interactions between mass rapid transit and the urban structure of an agglomeration. The new regional line beeing in service recently, this research studies the effects of the first section on the south periphery development in cairo. Starting by analysing some foreign experiences the metro appeared as an accelerator element of urbanization, a pole catalysor, a mutation element, and a tool to realize it as well. Thus the study of the different phenomenas in the southern sector in cairo has emphazised the role that might play this line in its structure and development, in oder to attenuate the trends of centrality and establish a spatial and urban equilibrium assuring the organization of the three elements system : metro, centre and periphery
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Belcher, El-Nahhas Susan Margaret. "Egyptian women (in Cairo), struggles for identity and citizenship." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0007/NQ39503.pdf.
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Wynne-Hughes, Elisa. "The international politics of tourism : contact zones in Cairo." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616639.
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This thesis studies how Western tourism practices produce international subjects and the relations between them, asking what this tells us about contemporary international governance. To do so, I used ethnography and discourse analytic methods to examine how practices in four Western tourism contact zones in Cairo reproduce discourses, or systems of meaning, and corresponding subject positions. This research is located within and contributes to IR literature - specifically governmentality and postcolonial approaches - that assume international subjects are socially constituted and positioned in relation to each other through discursive practices. It underscores the constitutive power of tourism practices generally ignored by mainstream IR analyses, and highlights how international governance is not only something imposed but is also reproduced by subjects through multiple everyday practices. Each chapter analyzes a specific configuration of Western tourist and Egyptian subject positions in the contact zones of the Pyramids of Giza, Khan al Khalili market, Garbage City and Tahrir Square, including horse/ camel/ carriage drivers, salespeople, Garbage City residents, and revolutionaries, respectively. Overall I found that Western tourism practices function to define tourists as good international neoliberal subjects in relation to Egyptian 'others'. The positioning of these subjects is decontextualized and depoliticized, obscuring alternative interpretations of their practices. Without a context, these subject positions reinforce neoliberal rationalities by naturalizing a linear narrative of development, international (consumer) culture, market-based development initiatives, and neoliberal notions of freedom/justice/ democracy. At the same . time, these subject positions conceal and reproduce the articulation between Western tourism and transnational neoliberal practices that physically and economically privilege neoliberal subjects (Western tourists and Western/Egyptian elites) while excluding 'others' (those traditionally marginalized in Egyptian society). In this way, Western tourism functions as a technology of governance to propagate neoliberal logics internationally. This thesis opens space to repoliticize and contest the unequal and exclusionary international relations between subjects required by neoliberalism.
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Smith, Christine E. "State Violence, Mobility and Everyday Life in Cairo, Egypt." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/34.
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State violence in Egypt is an embedded part of daily life and popular culture, and well documented in social and news media. The uprisings of January 11, which took place in Egypt were organized in large part against violence and torture regularly delivered by police forces. In this dissertation I examine the implications of chronic state violence on everyday life for low-income Egyptians. In doing so, this dissertation provides analysis of how violence shapes forms of intimacy within social life, how it shapes urban landscapes and the politics therein and how it informs individual piety and banal practices of security. This work contributes to studies within feminist geopolitics, memory and emotion within geography by understanding the lives of Cairenes through their experience of the landscape and places they inhabit, maneuver through, and create with the memory and threat of state violence.
The project focuses on four selected sites in Greater Cairo: Kholousy Street in Shoubra, Musky Market in Old Cairo, Cairo University in Giza, and Tahrir Square in downtown Cairo. These sites have been chosen because they represent different nodes of daily life (shopping, leisure, education, and political participation) for low-income Cairenes. Research methods include participant observation at the four sites, eleven focus groups and thirty-one interviews with low-income Cairo residents in two age cohorts: one group of participants between the ages of 18 and 26, and a second cohort between the ages of 49 and 57.
For each of these questions, this project provides a gender sensitive comparison of the two age cohorts in order to gain insight into the role of youth and memory and gender in Cairenes’ interpretations and representations of the Mubarak era and the recent revolution.
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Hoodfar, H. "Survival strategies in low income neighbourhoods of Cairo, Egypt." Thesis, University of Kent, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383877.
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Fu, Luke Tan-Hsin 1977. "Adaptation of CAIRO meeting environment toward military collaboration efforts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80535.
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Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-96).<br>by Luke Tan-Hsin Fu.<br>S.B.and M.Eng.
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Abdelwahab, Mona A. "Cairo, khōra and deconstruction : towards a reflexive reading place." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3097.
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Cairo, the Egyptian capital, has grown into a complex, multicultural, and high density city. The dynamics of which is reflected through her everyday realities in public urban spaces, which show a growing tension between the different involved parties, formal/ informal, private! public, administration! people, and place! people. Simultaneously, Jacques Derrida, among few other researchers, questioned the misrepresentation of Cairo-space through the monolithic image of the historic Islamic city, which helped to isolate her from reality and develop the complex and dynamic patterns of relations and tension. Accordingly, we approach the paradox of the misrepresentation of the city and question the role of architects and urban designers towards the city space, as they lack the tools to approach these multiplicities and dynamics. The main aim of the research is to develop reflexive reading strategies of place, with special reference to Cairo-space, which operates between multiple projections of place through both abstract theory and contextual realities. Accordingly, we draw on a multidisciplinary approach that considers both theoretical and empirical data. We approach different theories of place developed through post-structuralism with particular emphasis on deconstruction -khora-;soclal studies of place particularly environmental psychology, that intrinsically operate within an architectural background. Accordingly, we consider a case-study of public space in Cairo to reflect on the reading strategies rather than develop a reading of Cairo-space. Consequently, we are adopting a reflexive methodology to approach the dynamics of our multidisciplinary approach, and which operates on four levels of interpretation; data construction through theories of place and the case study in Cairo; primary interpretative framework of place which was developed through a preliminary reading of theories of place; critical interpretation which considers deconstruction reading strategies; and finally, self reflection that re-approaches the reading strategies critically through 'khora'.
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El-Kholy, Heba Aziz. "Defiance and compliance : negotiating gender in low income Cairo." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1998. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28958/.
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This thesis explores how low-income women in Cairo respond to gender inequalities in their daily lives, both in the household and in the informal labour market. The aim is to generate knowledge about the diversity of gender relations and ideologies in the Egyptian context and to contribute to broader theoretical debates regarding gender and resistance, with a view to informing both policy and feminist activism. The thesis argues that a modified concept of "everyday forms of resistance" provides a way forward for a more nuanced and contextualized understanding of women's responses to their positions of relative subordination, than do either Marxist approaches to power and consciousness, or the a-historical usage of the notion of patriarchy. The study is based on participant observation and in-depth interviews in four low-income neighbourhoods in Cairo over a period of 15 months. Within the household, research focused on four specific arrangements: pre-marital expectations, marriage negotiations, sexuality, and intra-household decision making. With the labour market, two types of women's work were explored; home-based piece-work, and waged work in small-scale workshops. The links between women's options in workplace and in the household were examined. Results of this exploratory study show that women's perceptions and responses are varied, complex, contradictory and in continuous flux as they interact with broader socio-economic conjunctures. Women displayed both defiance and compliance, both a lack of articulated awareness of their self-interest, and high levels of awareness of some of the injustices against them as women. Sometimes, their actions were pragmatic seeking immediate relief. At other times, they sought more medium or longer-term gains. In some instances, they acted individually and covertly and at other times they acted collectively and articulated their discontent forcefully. Any single conclusion about women's agency would thus be erroneous. Attempts to advance women's interests are also bound to be varied and complex.
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Riley, Megan E. "Found Cairn." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1828.
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Bullard, Stevan. "Informal Development in Cairo, the View from Above: A Case Study Using Aerial Photo Interpretation to Examine Informal Housing in the Imbaba District of Cairo." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04262006-150413/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.<br>Title from title screen. Dona J. Stewart, committee chair; Elaine J. Hallisey, Jeremy Crampton, committee members. Electronic text (135 p. : maps (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 18, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-134).
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Hays, Christopher K. "Way down in Egypt land : conflict and community in Cairo, Illinois, 1850-1910 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9717183.
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Rocco, Lygia Ferreira. "Diálogos da arquitetura no Cairo entre os séculos X e XIII: a sinagoga de Ben Ezrá e o contexto da cidade islâmica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8158/tde-08102014-182152/.
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Nos estudos sobre as cidades islâmicas, poucos são os que tratam dos edifícios que pertencem a outros grupos confessionais que não o dos muçulmanos, no sentido de analisá-los como agentes na evolução da configuração urbana das cidades que estiveram sob governo islâmico. Os estudos existentes sobre esses edifícios seguem sempre uma orientação em analisá-los dentro de seus próprios elementos, ou seja, um edifício cristão ou judaico dentro do seu próprio contexto que é o de servir a sua própria comunidade confessional. A tese mostra que a sinagoga é um elemento que também constrói e participa da dinâmica da cidade, e seu estudo auxilia tanto na compreensão da urbe árabe-islâmica, como também no entendimento da dinâmica da sociedade entre os séculos X-XIII. Ao analisar a Sinagoga de Ben Ezrá localizada no Cairo portanto no contexto da cidade islâmica e não apenas sob seus aspectos estéticos ou estilísticos, busca entender como o edifício dialoga com a cidade no sentido da construção de suas territorialidades. E também, no sentido inverso: como a cidade e um tipo de linguagem islâmica dialogam com o edifício judaico. A grande extensão geográfica conquistada pelo Islã produziu uma multiplicidade de formas e empréstimos e, ao mesmo tempo, devido à facilidade de ir e vir das pessoas e as novas conquistas, forjou-se uma certa unificação na linguagem. As trocas e as assimilações não só foram e são inevitáveis, como fazem parte das relações e convívio entre os grupos em qualquer momento. A Sinagoga de Ben Ezrá foi desde a sua fundação, um elemento organizador do espaço urbano ao seu redor, organizador da distribuição dos habitantes ligados à comunidade judaica, não apenas da comunidade rabínica da palestina mas das outras comunidades judaicas babilônica e caraíta, entre os séculos X ao XIII. E desempenhou um papel de articulador de multiterritorialidades. Esta análise vem ampliar o conhecimento acerca desse edifício, e principalmente, das relações entre as comunidades judaica, islâmica e cristã entre a conquista fatímida do Egito (969 E.C.) e o fim da dinastia aiúbida (1254 E.C.)<br>In studies of Islamic cities, there are few that deal with buildings that belong to other faith groups other than Muslims, in the sense of analyzing them as agents in the evolution of the urban configuration of the cities that were under Islamic government. The existing studies about these buildings always follows the line of analyzing them inside their own elements, in other words, a Christian or Jewish building within their own context, which is to serve its own confessional community. The thesis shows that the synagogue is an element that also builds and participates in the dynamics of the city, and its study helps both in the comprehension of the Arab-Islamic metropolis, but also in understanding the dynamics of society between the X-XIII centuries. By analyzing the Ben Ezra Synagogue in Cairo, located just in the context of the Islamic city, not only in its aesthetics or stylistic aspects, aims to understand how the building dialogues with the city in the sense of the construction of its territorialities. And also, in reverse: how the city and a kind of Islamic language dialogue with the Jewish building. The big geographic extension conquered by the Islam produced a multiplicity of forms and loans and, at the same time, due to the facility of coming and going of the people and the new conquests forged a certain unification in the language. The exchanges and the assimilations not only were and are inevitable, as they are part of the relations and living together among the groups at any time. The Ben Ezrá Synagogue was since its foundation, an organizing element of the urban space around, organizer of the distribution of the inhabitants linked to the jewish community not only the rabbinic of Palestine but for others jewish communities babylonic and Karaite, between the X-XIII centuries. And it played a role of articulator of multiterritorialities. This analysis comes to enlarge the knowledge about this building, and mainly, of the relations among the communities Judaic, Islamic and Christian - between the Fatimid conquest of the Egypt (969 e.C.) and the end of the Ayyubid dynasty (1254 E.C)
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Moharram, Ahmed Moharram Ahmed. "Earthquake loss estimation and structural vulnerability assessment for Greater Cairo." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439437.
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Gharib, Remah Younis. "Revitalising historic Cairo : examining the public policy formulation and implementation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11520/.
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Historic Cairo is one of the major World Heritage sites due to the massive amount of built heritage and traditional societies it embraces. Since the 1980s, the historic quarters of Cairo have undergone many preservational efforts either by the local government or international organisations. Plenty of resources are being poured into the urban revitalisation process. However, with less significant outcomes except for two or three examples undertaken by non-governmental bodies. On the other hand, several policies have been generated by the government to facilitate the revitalisation of Historic Cairo with its different quarters;nevertheless, the majority continue to be ineffective and unhelpful to the local communities. The focus of this study is to examine how the government revitalizes the historic quarters,what are the policies generated during the last three decades, who are the key players in the implementation process, and what are the major challenges. This study is addressed through a qualitative, quantitative and narrative analysis with the users, officials and contributors to the process of revitalising Historic Cairo, especially Al-Gamalia and Darb Al Ahmar Quarters. The study will show the implementation of government policies in relation to the 1980 UNESCO Plan, 1997 UNDP/Supreme Council of Antiquities, and 1997 Aga Khan Trust for Culture programs for revitalising Old Cairo´s quarters. The study reveals the neglected challenges toward the communities´ rights and the revitalisation efforts focuses more on the preservation of single buildings without a comprehensive methodology of urban revitalisation and sustainable development.
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Rabbat, Nasser O. (Nasser Omar). "The Citadel of Cairo, 1176-1341 : reconstructing architecture from texts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13706.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1991.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 273-286).<br>This dissertation reconstructs one of the major works of military and palatial architecture in the Middle Ages, the Citadel of the Mountain (QaI'at aI-Jabal) in Cairo. It traces its development from its inception in 1176 under Salah aI-Din al-Ayyubi until it reached its definitive and most monumental form under aI-Nasir Muhammad (1293-1341, with two interruptions). The dissertation focuses on the part of the Citadel called today the southern enclosure, which was the residence of the sultan, and of which only the congregational mosque remains standing. It analyzes the different stages of its topographic and architectural development using primarily references collated from the chronicles, biographical compendia, and legal documents of the Mamluk period, and secondarily surface archeology, toponymy, and typological comparisons with extant Bahri Mamluk palaces in Cairo. Through the reconstruction of the Citadel, the study addresses a number of wider methodological and historical issues. It evaluates the influence of the Mamluk socio-political hierarchy on the structure of the palatial complex and on the conceptualization of its spaces and forms. It stresses the importance of construing the architectural vocabulary of the period in its proper historical context. And finally, the dissertation questions the modern perception of the architectural development in a medieval Islamic environment by emphasizing the difference between its secular and religious architecture, and by showing how this perception is disproportionately molded by the latter.<br>by Nasser O. Rabbat.<br>Ph.D.
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Bhalla, Arunjot Singh. "Ordering the land : urban metaphors for a park in Cairo." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64520.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1994.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-69).<br>This study proposes a method for the design of a contemporary urban park on the eastern edge of the Old City in Cairo. Precedents in park design are briefly explored with a focus on the relation of the park to the city. The urban fabric of the Old City is analyzed in detail to extract metaphors, models and principles that can serve to devise an ordering framework for the park. The design as it emerges is informed by two themes - the site as an urban quarter of the city and the park as palimpsest. The intention is to create a framework that will place the site securely in relation to its geographical locale and to its historic context.<br>by Arunjot Singh Bhalla.<br>M.S.
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Cipriani, Barbara. "Development of construction techniques in the Mamluk domes of Cairo." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33745.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-117).<br>This dissertation reconstructs the building features, the construction methods and the esthetic and structural changes of the Mamluk Mausolea in Cairo (1250-1517 A.D.); a special attention is dedicated to the domes that cover all the Mausolea and that represent an example of high expertise in Mediaeval architecture. This works document several stages of their construction from the Mausoleum of As- Sawabi, 1285 A.D. to the Funerary Complex of Amir Qurqumas, 1506 A.D. through bibliographic sources, photographic material and restoration reports collected in several libraries and archives where information on the topic is stored. Moreover, three Mausolea belonging to the period of construction in stone: Umm Sultan Sha'ban (1369 A.D.), Farag Ibn Barquq (1389-1411 A.D.) and Amir Khayer Bek (1502 A.D.) are fully documented with survey on site, technical drawing and structural analysis.<br>(cont.) Through a detailed analysis of the Mausolea, this work aims to answer to wider questions, such as the role of the patronage in the changes of the architectural features, the differences and the similarities in the construction methods and in the structural behavior between complexes belonging to distinct moment of Mamluk History and the transmission of knowledge in the construction world of Mamluk Cairo.<br>by Barbara Cipriani.<br>S.M.
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Noureddine, Tag-Eldeen Zeinab. "Participatory Urban Upgrading : The Case of Ezbet Bekhit, Cairo, Egypt." Thesis, KTH, Infrastruktur, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188852.
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As a mega-city and the most populated city in Africa, Cairo is characterised by a high birth rate, escalating rural-urban migration and where the socio-economic services are centralized and overwhelmed, these generally poor migrants have no choice other than to create and develop their own informal shelter in the outer city areas that lay farthest from the reach of the authorities and from where they then search for better job opportunities. The expansion of these slum areas places an extra burden on the already deteriorated natural and unplanned urban environments. No government or public sector mass production housing units . inherited from the former socialist system . have been able to cope with the magnitude of housing demand nor is the private sector interested in investing in a non-profitable market. At this juncture there is an urgent requirement for new ways of thinking that address the realities of the situation and consider integrated socioeconomic long-term solutions for the informal settlements. Under the Egyptian-German Cooperation, GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit) proposed the Participatory Urban Upgrading Program as a possible means of addressing the problem which is based on stimulation, promotion and effective participation of local communities in the upgrading process. The Participatory Urban Upgrading Program operates at two levels, (i) the local level: through .Demonstration projects. to be applied to a limited geographical area. Ezbet Bekhit Demonstration Project is the case of the present study and (ii) the national level: the experiences gained through several .Demonstration Projects. will give substance, and thereby prominence to the participatory approach, so that the Program has an increasingly beneficial impact on the national policy. The experiences gained from Ezbet Bekhit Upgrading Project will offer the opportunity to examine the main concept expressed by the Program and increase the prospects of having an impact on the urban upgrading policy at the national level. The current study attempts to develop and assess the overall Participatory Upgrading Programme and Ezbet Bekhit Project within a framework of benchmarks extracted from the program concept. At the Project level, the focus of thesis analysis is based on aspects that explain the Project’s approach to solving basic problems. Attention is placed on the involvement of local inhabitants in the solutions at the planning and implementation levels. A Model of Community Participation is proposed for application in a selected upgrading component. The Model is based on the .Community Action Planning., which has been developed by Hamdi and Goethert as an appropriate planning tool that can stimulate and organize a non-cohesive community type. At the Program level, recommendations are presented in this study, which have been extracted from the main pillars of the Program concept and characterized the driving forces influencing the main objectives and orientating the goals of the upgrading projects. It is contended that an in-depth understanding and analysis of the specific socio-economic conditions and the community profile of the selected informal settlements; together with an explicit governmental policy supporting the Participatory Urban Upgrading Approach will enhance the success of Participatory Projects.
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Smith, Sharon C. "Planned grandeur a commensurate study of urban expansion in early modern Italy and Mamluk Egypt /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Eid, Yaldiz Yehya. "Bi-polarity and interface in the spatial organization of cairo apartments." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23299.
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Sheta, Wael A. M. "Keeping cool in Cairo : thermal simulation of passive cooling in dwellings." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578035.
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Cairo is one of the World's mega cities, with associated problems of overcrowding and suffering from problems such as pollution, traffic congestion and a shortage of dwellings and services. The new suburbs and communities around Cairo playa vital role in decreasing these environmental, social and economic pressures upon the city. According to the national planning scheme, the main aim of these communities was to address problems associated with air pollution, traffic and a shortage of housing. In addition, these developments were planned to deliver sustainable communities and lifestyles for future generations. This research studies El-Tagammu' El-Khames, one of the new urban settlements developed around Cairo. It is considered to be the new premium residential district of Greater Cairo. Unfortunately, most of the properties in this development are poorly adapted to the prevailing climate and an understanding of what constitutes a sustainable community is still one of the missing links in the Egyptian planning process. This thesis describes a field study and a thermal simulation analysis carried out for a typical dwelling in El-Tagammu' El-Khames. Internal and external temperatures were recorded for two periods in summer and autumn. The recorded external temperatures were used to validate the weather file proposed to be used in simulation. The recorded internal temperatures were used to validate the internal temperatures predicted using the simulation tool. Thermal simulation (Design-Builder) was then used to simulate the effect of a number of passive cooling strategies on the thermal performance of the house during peak summer. These strategies included a range of orientations, thermal conductivity (U-value), thermal mass, night ventilation and shading devices, and these were investigated as they are simple steps that could be applied to new and existing dwellings. An incremental approach was adopted, starting from a basic house model, investigating variations of a particular parameter, and progressing the optimum for that parameter as the basis for the next set of analyses. It was found that three modifications would improve thermal comfort in the dwelling studied such that air conditioning should not be necessary. These were to extend the time at which night ventilation ended (i.e. windows were closed) from 5:00 am to 10:00 am; to insulate the external wall; and to provide solar shading. This impact of these proposals was validated by confirmation of the effect of surrounding buildings, by repeating the analysis for other periods of the year (i.e. winter season), Technical recommendations drawn by comparing the real case with proposed model through different periods of the year, enable appropriate solutions for architects, designers and engineers to be chosen at the early stages of a design for new dwellings and well as existing developments to achieve low energy thermal comfort and keeping buildings cool in Cairo.
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Wagner, Esther-Miriam. "A linguistic analysis of Judaeo-Arabic letters from the Cairo Genizah." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611908.
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Fonder, Nathan Lambert. "Pleasure, Leisure, or Vice? Public Morality in Imperial Cairo, 1882-1949." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10077.
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I investigate the social history of Egypt under British imperial occupation through the lens of morality in order to understand the contestation of cultural change and authority under empire. Points of cultural cleavage between European and local inhabitants in British-occupied Cairo included two customs, gambling and the consumption of intoxicants, which elicited sustained and dynamic reactions from observers of Egyptian society on the local and international level. I show that the presence of alcohol and gambling in public spaces in Cairo contributed directly to the politicization and selective criminalization of public morality. However, the meanings attributed to social practices relating to leisure were continually under negotiation and challenge as state authorities, British liberals, Egyptian reformers and religious leaders, foreign missionaries, and representatives of international temperance movements vied to impose their visions of morality upon Egyptian society.
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Dorman, W. Judson. "The politics of neglect : the Egyptian State in Cairo, 1974-98." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2007. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/155/.
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This thesis examines state-society relations in Egypt, and the logic of durable authoritarianism since 1952. It does so through an examination of the Egyptian state’s neglectful rule, from the 1970s through the 1990s, of its capital Cairo. In particular, the thesis focuses on state inaction vis-à-vis Cairo’s informal housing sector: those neighbourhoods established on land not officially sanctioned for urbanization. The central research question of the thesis is to explain why the Egyptian state has been unable to intervene effectively in these informal neighbourhoods—despite their stigmatization in Egyptian public discourse as threats to the nation’s social, moral and political health; the authoritarian state’s considerable unilateral power; and the availability of western assistance for development interventions. The short answer to the question, is that the very factors which sustain the authoritarian political order constrain the Egyptian state’s ability to intervene in its capital. Neglectful rule is a consequence of the autocratic post-1952 dispensation of power. That this neglect is not simply the result of structural resource constraints, is demonstrated through the examination of donor-funded urban-development projects—aimed at fostering an administratively competent Egyptian state able to intervene in its capital—none of which were successful or sustainable. The failure of these reform initiatives, which could have allowed Egyptian state agencies to upgrade informal Cairo and re-orient its growth, can be plausibly explained in terms of the challenges they posed to the logic of autocratic rule. Thus the reproduction of the informal city is, in part, a consequence of the post-1952 dispensation.
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Rabbat, Nasser Omar. "The citadel of Cairo : a new interpretation of royal Mamluk architecture /." Leiden ; New York ; Köln : E.J. Brill, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37474872h.
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Reibman, Max Yacker. "Cairo and the international politics of Egypt and Syria, 1914-1920." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708103.
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Sayed, Hazem I. "The Rab' in Cairo : a window on Mamluk architecture and urbanism." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75720.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1987.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 463-476).<br>This dissertation is a reassessment of Mamluk architecture and urbanism in Cairo, based on a detailed study of one of the more important elements in its urban fabric, the rab' or apartment building. This building type is investigated via its extant examples and the extensive archival collection from the Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk periods. The salient features of the rab' are identified, and its variations noted. The relation of the rab' to private dwellings is elucidated, and the changes that occurred in the residential architecture of Cairo from the early Fatimid through the Mamluk periods are presented. Its role in the urban fabric and in the patterns of pious endowments is analyzed through reconstructions based on waqf document. New information about Mamluk architecture and urbanism brought to light by the study of the rab' is used to reassess some of the more widely accepted characterizations of the Mamluk period.<br>by Hazem I. Sayed.<br>Ph.D.
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Olszowy, Judith. "Karaite marriage contracts in the Middle Ages : a Cairo Geniza study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271930.
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Said, Nihal H. "Media Consumption Habits and the Political Knowledge Gap in Cairo, Egypt." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1429875116.
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Schindehutte, Genevi. "Remembering is Resistance: In Physical and Virtual Places of Downtown Cairo." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1438346291.
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Canton, James. "From Cairo to Baghdad : British Travel Writing on Arabia, 1882-2003." Thesis, University of Essex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495574.
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From Cairo to Baghdad explores British travel writing on Arabia, from 1882 when Britain occupied Egypt until the invasion of Iraq by British troops in 2003. The work is a gentle untying of the entanglement of travel writing on Arabia and British imperial history, for the two are intricately linked. As British imperial activity flourished in Arabia from the First World War to the 1930s, so too British travel writing thrived. Britain's departure, commencing in the 1950s, saw a distinct decline in the production of travel texts, and the gradual evolution of the post-imperial travelogue. Eight chapters provide a rich map of British' travel writing across Arabia from 1882 to 2003. Chapter 1 explores religious-based travel texts, including works by Marmaduke Pickthall, Charles Doughty, Arthur Wavell and Eldon Rutter. Chapter 2 details Bertram Thomas and Harry St John Philby's competition to cross the Empty Quarter. Wilfred Thesiger's Arabian Sands (1959) is seen as expressing a form of . imperial nostalgia. Chapter 3 examines imperial wars, viewing T. E. Lawrence's Seven Pillars of Wisdom (1926) alongside Keith Douglas's Alamein to Zem Zem (1946) and ending with an observation of the Suez War (1956). Chapter 4 studies the modernising of twentieth-century Arabia: trains, cars, airplanes, oil and petrodollars. In Chapter 5, Gertrude Bell is discussed alongside an impressive array of women travellers including Margaret Fountaine, Rosita Forbes and Freya Stark. Chapter 6 compares British travellers' depictions of Baghdad and the marshes of southern Iraq, while Chapter 7 examines explorations in southern Arabia which ventured beyond Aden, highlighting the travels of Theodore and Mabel Bent, Walter Harris and Wyman Bury. The concluding Chapter 8 uses interviews conducted with William Dalrymple, Colin Thubron, Jonathan Raban and Tim Mackintosh-Smith to investigate the evolution of the post-imperial travel text in the light of the Saidian paradigm.
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Gallin, Pauli. "Mamluk Art Objects in Their Architectural Context." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107566.
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Thesis advisor: Sheila S. Blair<br>The field of Mamluk art and architectural history is well developed but there has been a tendency to discuss objects apart from their architectural contexts. My research seeks to explore the relationship between Mamluk objects, furnishings, and fittings attached to particular foundations in Cairo, The aim of this study is to examine the dialogue between design elements in different media and explore their aesthetic and functional relationship to their surroundings. This will give insight into how designs are transferred across media, and how architecture acted as a meeting place for a variety of artistic disciplines. The study will also investigate the merits and limitations of such an approach, and the effects the removal of Mamluk objects from their context has on our perception of them<br>Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2017<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Middle Eastern Studies