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Journal articles on the topic 'Calabash chalk'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Opara, Julia K., and Eileen C. Nwagbaraocha. "The effect of calabash chalk on the uterus of adult female Wistar rats." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 5, no. 2 (2018): 026–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305355.

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The study investigated the effect of calabash chalk on the uterus of adult female Wistar rats. The 15 female adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups A, B and C. Group A served as the control while groups B and C served as experimental groups. Their body weights were measured on a weekly basis throughout the experimental period. In addition to feed and water given to all groups, group A received distilled water only for 21 days, group B 40 mg/kg per body weight of non-salted calabash chalk for 21 days and group C 40 mg/kg per body weight of salted calabash chalk for 21 days. On the

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2

Odiase DE and Imafidon EO. "Effect of calabash chalk geophagy on the epididymis of adult male Wistar rats." Ibom Medical Journal 17, no. 3 (2024): 529–33. https://doi.org/10.61386/imj.v17i3.514.

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Context: Calabash chalk is also known as poto in English. It is a naturally occurring mineral and is chiefly composed of fossilized seashells as constituent. It is traditionally consumed by communities for pleasure and also constitutes major remedy for morning sickness in pregnancy. Objective: This study is aimed at determining the effect of calabash chalk on the body weight and epididymis of adult male Wistar rats. Materials and method: Twenty (20) rats weighing between 180 and 200g were divided into four groups and five rats were assigned to each (A-D). Group A served as control, animals in

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3

Oyewopo, A., K. Obasi, K. Anumudu, and E. Yawson. "Histological and hormonal studies of calabash chalk on ovarian function in adult female wistar rats." Journal of Morphological Sciences 34, no. 03 (2017): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.114317.

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Abstract Introduction: Calabash chalk is a naturally occurring mineral, chiefly composed of fossilized sea shells. It is prepared from clay and mud mixed with other ingredients, including lead, arsenic, sand and wood ash. Clay consumption is correlated with pregnancy, and also to eliminate morning sickness in women. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of calabash chalk on the ovarian function in adult female Wistar rats. Methods: Eighteen (18) adult female Wistar rats. Group A served as the control group, group B received 40 mg/kg body weight of Non-salted calabash chalk while gro

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Ekong, Moses, Theresa Ekanem, Eme Osim, Aniekan Peter, and Mokutima Eluwa. "Maternal Geophagy of Calabash Chalk and the Developing Cerebral Cortex." NIgerian Journal of Neuroscience 7, no. 1 (2015): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47081/njn2015.7.1/003.

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Calabash chalk geophagy is a common practice by pregnant women and children. Research has shown adverse maternal cerebral cortical effects following administration, hence, consumption of this chalk may also affect the nervous system developmental processes. This study therefore investigated the effect of maternal geophagy of the chalk on the developing cerebral cortex. Twelve gestating female Wistar rats were divided into two groups of 6 rats each. Animals in control group received placebo distilled water, while the test group animals received 200 mg/kg body weight of calabash chalk suspension

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CHINKO, Bruno C., Fortune S. AMAH-TARIAH, Ifeoma C. EKENNA, and Oghomena A. OKPA. "Evaluation of the effects of calabash chalk on the haematological profile of Wistar rats." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 14, no. 3 (2022): 11281. http://dx.doi.org/10.55779/nsb14311281.

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Calabash chalk is a naturally geophagic mineral composed mainly of fossilized seashells or an artificial preparation of a combination of clay, mud, and sand. It is one of the widely consumed earth materials in the practice of geophagia. The present study is aimed at evaluating the effects of oral administration of calabash chalk on haematological parameters and body weight using Wistar rat models. Ten (10) healthy female mice and twenty (20) adults female Wistar rats weighing 20-30 g and 160 -200 g were used for the determination of the LD50 and the experimental study respectively. Locally sou

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Nnamdi Kingsley Okore, Oluchi Linda Onyemeh, Itunu Toyin Remilekun, et al. "The effect of calabash chalk on the gastrointestinal motility and transit time of male albino Wistar rat." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 24, no. 2 (2024): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.2.3243.

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Background: Calabash chalk, a naturally occurring mineral, is widely consumed in many African countries for various purposes, including pleasure, medicinal use, and regular diet. Pregnant women commonly use it to alleviate nausea. However, research has shown that consuming this geophagic material poses several health risks. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Calabash chalk on gastrointestinal motility and transit time. Method: 10 male albino Wistar rats weighing between 150 and 170 g were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A served as the control and received standard animal fe

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Nnamdi, Kingsley Okore, Linda Onyemeh Oluchi, Toyin Remilekun Itunu, et al. "The effect of calabash chalk on the gastrointestinal motility and transit time of male albino Wistar rat." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 24, no. 2 (2024): 425–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15076259.

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<strong>Background</strong>: Calabash chalk, a naturally occurring mineral, is widely consumed in many African countries for various purposes, including pleasure, medicinal use, and regular diet. Pregnant women commonly use it to alleviate nausea. However, research has shown that consuming this geophagic material poses several health risks. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Calabash chalk on gastrointestinal motility and transit time.  <strong>Method</strong>: 10 male albino Wistar rats weighing between 150 and 170 g were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A served as the

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Ekong, Moses B., Aniekan I. Peter, Theresa B. Ekanem, Mokutima A. Eluwa, Christopher C. Mbadugha, and Eme E. Osim. "Calabash Chalk's Geophagy Affects Gestating Rats' Behavior and the Histomorphology of the Cerebral Cortex." International Journal of Brain Science 2014 (January 19, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/394847.

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Introduction. Calabash chalk contains heavy metals, and this lead to this study on the effect of this chalk on the behavior and the histomorphology of the cerebral cortex of gestating rats. Material & Methods. 24 female rats were equally divided into 4 groups and were mated at preostrous with the males. The day after mating was designated as day 1 of gestation. On gestation days 7–20, groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 animals were treated with 1 mL of distilled water, and 1 mL (200 mg/kg), 2 mL (400 mg/kg), and 3 mL (600 mg/kg) of calabash chalk suspension, respectively. On pregnancy day 21, behaviora

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Aprioku, JonahSydney, and EzinneMargaret Ogwo-Ude. "Gestational toxicity of Calabash chalk (Nzu) in Wistar rats." International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research 8, no. 4 (2018): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_412_17.

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Abrahams, Peter W., Theo C. Davies, Abiye O. Solomon, Amanda J. Trow, and Joanna Wragg. "Human Geophagia, Calabash Chalk and Undongo: Mineral Element Nutritional Implications." PLoS ONE 8, no. 1 (2013): e53304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053304.

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11

Ogbuagu, Dike H., Ikenna N. Nwachukwu, Anthony C. Nwazuluahu, and Nzoputa P. Kalakiya. "Haematotoxicological and hepatotoxic inductions of a geophagic substance (Calabash chalk) on the albino rat (Rattus norvegicus)." Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Public Health 2 (October 13, 2017): 14–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1010453.

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This study investigated probable effects of a geophagic material - <em>Calabash chalk</em> on the haematology and liver enzyme activities of the mammalian model- <em>Rattus norvegicus</em>. Twenty four albino rats were acclimatised and exposed to 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 % (w/w) toxicant-feed mixture. After 2 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and their blood as well as liver enzyme function activities were assessed. The higher toxicant concentrations induced lower body weights in the mammals [F<sub>(4618.5)</sub>>F<sub>crit(4.30)</sub>] at p<0.05. Mean maximum white blood cell (15.0±8.84x10<

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12

Adewale, Alli, and Nafiu Olugbemiro. "Serum Lipid Profile and Electrolyte Concentration in Rats Administered Calabash Chalk." Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research 3, no. 3 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2017/35305.

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13

Opara, Julia K., and Eileen C. Nwagbaraocha. "The effect of calabash chalk on the uterus of adult female Wistar rats." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 5, no. 2 (2018): 026–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2018.5.2.0109.

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Akpantah, Amabe Otoabasi, Ofon Samuel Ibok, Moses Bassey Ekong, Mokutima Amarachi Eluwa, and Theresa Bassey Ekanem. "The effect of calabash chalk on some hematological parameters in female adult Wistar rats." Turkish Journal of Hematology 27, no. 3 (2010): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tjh.2010.25.

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15

&NA;. "Health Canada has issued an Advisory to warn Canadians not to use Calabash chalk,." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1172 (2007): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200711720-00008.

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Dean, J. R., M. E. Deary, B. K. Gbefa, and W. C. Scott. "Characterisation and analysis of persistent organic pollutants and major, minor and trace elements in Calabash chalk." Chemosphere 57, no. 1 (2004): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.05.023.

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Ekong, MosesB, TheresaB Ekanem, AbrahamO Sunday, AquaisuaN Aquaisua, and MondayI Akpanabiatu. "Evaluation of calabash chalk effect on femur bone morphometry and mineralization in young wistar rats: A pilot study." International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research 2, no. 2 (2012): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-516x.106352.

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18

Owhorji, Bright, Udemeobong Okon, Azubuike Nwankwo, and Eme Osim. "Chronic consumption of calabash chalk diet impairs locomotor activities and social behaviour in Swiss white Cd-1 mice." Heliyon 5, no. 6 (2019): e01848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01848.

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SESTRAS, Radu E. "Introduction pages, Notulae Scientia Biologicae 14(3), 2022." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 14, no. 3 (2022): 11358. http://dx.doi.org/10.55779/nsb14311358.

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Notulae Scientia Biologicae (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro), Issue 3, Volume 14, 2022: The papers published in this issue represent interesting novelties in different topics of life science. Among the exciting research or reviews, we invite readers to find news about: Micropropagation and potential of bioactive compounds of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for nutrition and health; Anatomical, physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of Eucalyptus spp. under water deficit conditions and characteristics of Tunisian arid species; Escherichia coli infection, a negative prognostic factor on

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Owhorji, Bright, Udemeobong Okon, Azubuike Nwankwo, and Eme Osim. "Corrigendum to “Chronic consumption of calabash chalk diet impairs locomotor activities and social behaviour in Swiss white Cd-1 mice” [Heliyon 5 (6) (2019) e01848]." Heliyon 7, no. 2 (2021): e06084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06084.

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21

Gera, N.P, C.A Chukwuone, and C.A Igbo. "A Survey of Indigenous Raw Materials Available in Benue State for Making Cosmetics." Journal of Society for Home Economists in Nigeria 1, no. 2 (2019): 218. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10202269.

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The survey of indigenous raw material available in Benue state for making cosmetics formed the focus of the study. Two specific objectives guided the study, to identify the available raw materials for cosmetics and specifically those raw materials for cosmetics used for body cream, hair cream and face powder. Descriptive survey design was adopted in a population of one million, one hundred and sixty thousand, three hundred and ninety nine (1,160,399) women of 18 to 80 years were used and formed the population of indigenous cosmetics sellers' and cosmetologists. Using a multistage sampling tech

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22

Bernard Diwa, Otu, Ofie Maria Sunday, Ojini Richard Ayuh, Abang Kingsley Bekom, and Ita Caroline Iserom. "School location and levels of teaching effectiveness of mathematics teachers in terms of knowledge of subject matter and effective classroom communication in calabar education zone of cross river state, nigeria." Global Journal of Educational Research 22, no. 1 (2023): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjedr.v22i1.2.

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This study examined school location and the levels of teaching effectiveness of Mathematics teachers in terms of knowledge of subject matter and effective classroom communication in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of this study, one hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. Literature related to the variables under this study were reviewed accordingly. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The census sampling technique was adopted for the study. A sample of 201 teachers were randomly selected for the study. The questionnaire was the

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Kurniawan, Mozes. "Testing ICT-based Learning Model 'Creative Reading’ as A Trigger of Children’s Metalinguistic Awareness in Learning English." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, no. 1 (2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.141.01.

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   This 21st century is known as a period in which access to information and communi- cation technology (ICT) are widely open. This brings good in various fields, one of which is educa- tion. In relation to the use of technology in education sector, Kurniawan developed a learning model based on ICT that is a combination of the components of animation technology with aspects of Eng- lish learning specifically reading comprehension. The model is called Creative Reading Learning Model aiming to increase vocabulary understanding, concept and the use of previously owned knowledge.

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Nafiu, M. O. "Evaluation of Calabash Chalk Effects on Selected Enzymes and Histology of Rat Liver and Kidney." Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5, no. 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.53704/fujnas.v5i1.48.

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Consumption of geophagic material (Calabash chalk or Nzu) as a remedy for morning sickness is a common practice among pregnant women in Eastern part of Nigeria with attendant possible health implication. This study is designed to evaluate the effects of calabash chalk on some enzymes and histopathology of rat liver and kidney. Thirty-five albino rats were randomly divided into seven groups of 5 rats each. Group A received 10 ml/kg body weight of distilled water, groups B, D and F received 150, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w of unprocessed calabash chalk respectively, while groups C, E and G were admini

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"Pregnant women warned against using calabash chalk." Pharmaceutical Journal, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/pj.2013.11123381.

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Neelotpol, Sharmind, Rifat Rezwan, Luluin Maknun Shova, and Masum Shahriar. "Maternal Geophagy of Calabash Chalk: Effects on Neurobehavior and Brain-Histomorphology of Mice." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3894857.

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27

Ekong, Moses B., Anna Andrioli, Imaobong E. Israel, et al. "EVALUATION OF PRENATAL CALABASH CHALK GEOPHAGY ON THE DEVELOPING BRAIN OF WISTAR RATS." IBRO Neuroscience Reports, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.03.007.

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28

Peace, Godson Kelechi. "Histological studies on the effect of calabash chalk on the cerebellum of gestating Wistar rats." MOJ Anatomy & Physiology 5, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojap.2017.05.00163.

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Peace, Godson Kelechi. "Histological studies on the effect of calabash chalk on the cerebellum of gestating Wistar rats." MOJ Anatomy & Physiology 5, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00163.

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"Differentia Effects Of Calabash Chalk On The Histology Of The Liver Of Adult Wister Rats." Internet Journal of Health 8, no. 2 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.5580/1c9.

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31

Neelotpol, Sharmind, Rifat Rezwan, and Masum Shahriar. "Chemical analysis of calabash chalk and its effect on locomotor activities and behavior in Swiss albino mice." Heliyon, March 2023, e14463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14463.

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32

Mary, A. Bisi-Johnson, A. Oyelade Hamzat, A. Adediran Kehinde, and A. Akinola Saheed. "Microbial Evaluation of Geophagic and Cosmetic Clays from Southern and Western Nigeria: Potential Natural Nanomaterials." November 6, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1089255.

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Geophagic and cosmetic clays are among potential nanomaterial which occur naturally and are of various forms. The use of these nanoclays is a common practice in both rural and urban areas mostly due to tradition and medicinal reasons. These naturally occurring materials can be valuable sources of nanomaterial by serving as nanocomposites. The need to ascertain the safety of these materials is the motivation for this research. Physical Characterization based on the hue value and microbiological qualities of the nanoclays were carried out. The Microbial analysis of the clay samples showed consid

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Bisi-Johnson, A. Mary, A. Oyelade Hamzart, A. Adediran Kehinde, and A. Akinola Saheed. "Microbial Evaluation of Geophagic and Cosmetic Clays from Southern and Western Nigeria: Potential Natural Nanomaterials." International Journal of Biotechnology and Bioengineering 0.0, no. 7 (2013). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2654712.

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Geophagic and cosmetic clays are among potential nano-material which occur naturally and are of various forms. The use of these nano-clays is a common practice in both rural and urban areas mostly due to tradition and medicinal reasons. These naturally occurring materials can be valuable sources of nano-material by serving as nano-composites. The need to ascertain the safety of these materials is the motivation for this research. Physical Characterization based on the hue value and microbiological qualities of the nano-clays were carried out. The Microbial analysis of the clay samples showed c

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34

Dokubo, A., A. E. Okwudike, and K. T. Nwauche. "Changes in Antioxidant Markers and Histopathology of Wistar Rats Fed with Edible Clay (Nzu)." Journal of Applied Life Sciences International, February 23, 2021, 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2021/v24i130216.

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The changes in the antioxidant markers and histopathology in both adult male and female wistar rats fed with Calabash Chalk (nzu) was investigated. Twenty (20) wistar rats weighing between (120-150 g) were used for this study. They were randomly divided into four (4) Groups containing five (5) animals each (n=5) A-D. Groups (B-D) were fed with 1.0%, 2.0% and 8.0% of clay. Group A, not fed with clay served as control. After 21 days of continuous feeding, the animals were sacrificed and their liver organs excised for the following antioxidant markers (Catalase CAT, Reduced Glutathione GSH, Super

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35

Mambap, Alex Tatang, Gwendoline Enda Ukum, Denis G. Teuwafeu, Mahamat Maimouna, and Gloria Enow Ashuntantang. "Frequency, types, and factors associated with complementary and alternative medicine use among patients on maintenance haemodialysis." BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 22, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-022-03815-7.

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Abstract Background Despite progress in haemodialysis and conventional medicine approaches, many patients still struggle to maintain an acceptable quality of life and turn to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to address their unmet needs. Objective This study aims to determine the prevalence, types, indications, and factors associated with CAM use by patients on maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) in Cameroon. Materials and methods This was a multicentric cross-sectional study involving MHD patients in Cameroon from February 2019 to May 2019. We included all consenting participants on M

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Vofo, Brice Nguedia, Gaelle Vanelssa Fotsing Ngankam Vofo, Beatrice Ambo Fonge, Dickson Shey Nsagha, Thomas Obinchemti Egbe, and Jules Clement Nguedia. "High umbilical cord blood lead levels and "calabar chalk" consumption amongst pregnant women in two hospitals in Cameroon." Pan African Medical Journal 33 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2019.33.109.13999.

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37

Olumide, Yetunde, Olusola Ayanlowo, Ayesha Akinkugbe, and Erereoghor Otrofanowei. "Environmental chemical risk factors of breast cancer in Nigeria III: Metal: Lead." Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science 15, no. 1s (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.57046/lhhr2272.

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Lead (Pb) is a metalloestrogen and a notable breast cancer risk factor. Lead is an International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) group 2A carcinogen. There is no level of exposure to lead that is known to be without harmful effects. Nigeria has literally every known environmental risk factor for lead exposure. Notable sources of lead exposure in Nigeria are lead in contaminated water, paints, artisanal gold ore processing, incineration of lead-containing waste and electronic waste (e-waste). Other sources of lead exposure are ‘tiro’—a lead-laden eye cosmetic, smoked fish particularly thos

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