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1

Bader, Ammar, Ziad Omran, Ahmed I. Al-Asmari, et al. "Systematic Phytochemical Screening of Different Organs of Calotropis procera and the Ovicidal Effect of Their Extracts to the Foodstuff Pest Cadra cautella." Molecules 26, no. 4 (2021): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040905.

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In developing countries, crop deterioration is mainly caused by inappropriate storage conditions that promote insect infestation. Synthetic pesticides are associated with serious adverse effects on humans and the environment. Thus, finding alternative “green” insecticides is a very pressing need. Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand (Apocynaceae) growing in Saudi Arabia was selected for this purpose. LC-MS/MS analysis was applied to investigate the metabolic composition of different C. procera extracts. Particularly, C. procera latex and leaves showed a high presence of cardenolides including cal
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2

Martucciello, Stefania, Gaetana Paolella, Antonio Massimiliano Romanelli, et al. "Pro-Apoptotic and Pro-Autophagic Properties of Cardenolides from Aerial Parts of Pergularia tomentosa." Molecules 27, no. 15 (2022): 4874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154874.

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Pergularia tomentosa L., a milkweed tropical plant belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae, is a rich source of unusual cardiac glycosides, characterised by transfused A/B rings and a sugar moiety linked by a double link, generating a dioxanoid structure. In the present report, five cardenolides isolated from the aerial parts of the plant (calactin, calotropin, 12β-hydroxycalactin, 12β,6′-dihydroxycalotropin, and 16α-hydroxycalotropin) were investigated for their biological effects on a human hepatocarcinoma cell line. Cell viability was monitored by an MTT assay. The occurrence of apoptosis wa
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3

Hernández-Quiroz, T., M. Soriano-García, A. Rodríguez-Romero, C. Valencia, L. Hernández, and F. Aguirre. "Crystal structure of calactin, a cardenolide fromAsclepias linaria." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 49, s1 (1993): c129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767378096294.

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4

Mutlib, Abdul E., H. T. Andrew Cheung, and Thomas R. Watson. "In vitro metabolism of the cardiotonic steroids gomphogenin and calactin." Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 29, no. 1 (1988): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4731(88)90387-1.

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5

Lee, Chien-Chih, Yi-Hsiung Lin, Wen-Hsin Chang, Yang-Chang Wu, and Jan-Gowth Chang. "The small molecule calactin induces DNA damage and apoptosis in human leukemia cells." European Journal of Cancer Prevention 21, no. 5 (2012): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cej.0b013e3283498e66.

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6

MA, Brunda, Bindhu MA, Ashok Kumar BS, Mouna A, and Subhashini B. "Ethnomedicinal and Cytotoxic Activities of Calotropis Procera-A Review." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 12, no. 3 (2024): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1408.

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Plants are major sources of drugs that we use today. One such plant is Calotropis procerawhich can be consider as a home for many phytochemicals. Each part of this plant is enriched with various phytochemicals having its own significance for human life. The phytochemistry of this plant reveals presence of triterpenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, cardenolides, α– amyrin, β-myrin, lupeol, β-sitosterol, flavanols, mudarin, resin, a powerful bacteriolytic enzyme calactin, a non-toxic proteolytic enzyme calotropin. The plant exhibits antimicrobial, anthelmintic, anti-inflammator
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7

Mali, Rohit P., Priya S. Rao, and R. S. Jadhav. "A Review on Pharmacological Activities of Calotropis Procera." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 3-s (2019): 947–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3-s.2870.

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The plant Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand belong to the Apocynaceae family it is popularly known as “Rui” in Marathi, “ Mudar” in hindi other common name include Rubber Bush, Apple of sodom. (India & Pakistan). The bark and leaves are known to show wound healing, shows anti-Hyperglycemic effect, Analgesic, Anti pyretic, neuromuscular blocking activity, Purgative, anti-cancer activities. The phytochemistry of plant reveals presence of triterpenoids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, cardenolides, anthocyanins, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, lupeol, β-sitosterol, flavanols, mudarine, resins, a powerful
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8

Nabil, Ali Al-Mekhlafi* and Anwar Masoud. "PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF PERGULARIA TOMENTOSA L. - A REVIEW." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, no. 11 (2017): 4558–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1069010.

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Plants have been one of the important sources of medicines even since the dawn of human civilization. There is a growing demand for plant based medicines, pharmaceuticals, food supplements, health products, cosmetics etc. Pergularia tomentosa L. (Asclepiadaceae) is a perennial twinning herb widely distributed in the Sahara desert, Horn of Africa, Arabian Peninsula to the deserts of southern and eastern Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. A wide range of chemical compounds including cardenolides, cardenolide glycoside and taraxasterol-type triterpenes etc. have been isolated from this plant. P. tom
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9

Kale, Ashishkumar A., Meghsham P. Anjankar, Ashwin V. Nikam, and Uday V. Pawade. "IN VIVO STUDY OF PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF CALOTROPIS PROCERA: AN OVERVIEW." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 13, no. 3 (2022): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.130356.

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Calotropis is one of the widely distributed plants along the world’s geographical area. Many studies have been conducted to prove the pharmacological activities of Calotropis procera (Arka). It is classified as Upavisha in Ayurveda by Bhavprakasha and Rasatarangini. In its therapeutic application mentioned in various classical texts, Calotropis procera is treating almost 58 diseases having its 547 formulations which are indicated. It contains many phytochemical constituents like Cardenolides, Benzoyllineolone, Calactin, Calotropagenin etc. These phytoconstituents have proven anti-inflammatory,
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10

Diksha Sharma, Munna Lal Prajapati, and Rajveer Sason. "A Comprehensive Review on the Anticancerous Activity of Arka (Calotropis procera)." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 9, no. 9 (2024): 241–47. https://doi.org/10.21760/jaims.9.9.39.

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Cancer incidence is increasing both in India and around the world. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates for 2019, cancer is the primary or second major cause of death before the age of 70 in 112 of 183 countries, And third or fourth in another 23 countries. The estimated mean relative proportions showed that oral, breast, and cervical cancers remained the leading causes of cancer in India. Medicinal plants include several phytochemicals that are used to synthesize active medicinal compounds, making them extremely important. Arka (Calotropis procera), a plant revered in tradit
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11

Verma, Vishwa Nath. "The Chemical Study of Calotropis." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 20 (October 2013): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.20.74.

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Calotropis (Asclepiadaceae) commonly known as “madar” is a useful medicinal plant. The two species i.e. Calotropis gigantea and Calotropis procera are to a great extent having a very similar chemical properties, but the colours of their flowers are different. The pH of latex of these two species has been found different in the present study. The temperature effects have been noticed on their pH values which is varying from 7.2 to 8.1 between the temperatures 25 °C to 45 °C and then remains constant for Calotropis gigantia. The milky latex contains hydrocarbons, fatty acids, sterols and terpene
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12

Verma, Vishwa Nath. "The Chemical Study of<i> Calotropis</i>." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 20 (October 16, 2013): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-7x7zc8.

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Calotropis (Asclepiadaceae) commonly known as “madar” is a useful medicinal plant. The two species i.e. Calotropis gigantea and Calotropis procera are to a great extent having a very similar chemical properties, but the colours of their flowers are different. The pH of latex of these two species has been found different in the present study. The temperature effects have been noticed on their pH values which is varying from 7.2 to 8.1 between the temperatures 25 °C to 45 °C and then remains constant for Calotropis gigantia. The milky latex contains hydrocarbons, fatty acids, sterols and terpene
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13

Agrawal, Anurag A., Katalin Böröczky, Meena Haribal, et al. "Cardenolides, toxicity, and the costs of sequestration in the coevolutionary interaction between monarchs and milkweeds." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 16 (2021): e2024463118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024463118.

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For highly specialized insect herbivores, plant chemical defenses are often co-opted as cues for oviposition and sequestration. In such interactions, can plants evolve novel defenses, pushing herbivores to trade off benefits of specialization with costs of coping with toxins? We tested how variation in milkweed toxins (cardenolides) impacted monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) growth, sequestration, and oviposition when consuming tropical milkweed (Asclepias curassavica), one of two critical host plants worldwide. The most abundant leaf toxin, highly apolar and thiazolidine ring–containing vo
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14

Vysokii, Mikhail. "The «Resurrection» of Kalè Akté. F. Collura. Studia Calactina I. Ricerche su una città greco-romana di Sicilia: Kalè Akté – Calacte. Oxford, 2016." Vestnik drevnei istorii 80, no. 2 (2020): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032103910009673-3.

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15

Hernández-Quiroz, T., M. Soriano-García, A. Rodríguez-Romero, C. Valencia, L. Hernandez та F. Aguirre-García. "[2α(2S,3S,4R,6R),3β,5α]-14-Hydroxy-19-oxo-3,2-[(tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,3-diyl)bis(oxy)]card-20(22)-enolide dihydrate (calactin), C29H39O9.2H2O, a cardenolide from Asclepias linaria". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 50, № 6 (1994): 935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270193010790.

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16

Bergemann, Johannes. "Francesco Collura with contributions by Sergio Cascella, Emiliano Arena and Benedetto Caroccio, Studia Calactina I. Ricerche su una città greco romana di Sicilia: Kalè Akté – Calacte." Journal of Greek Archaeology 4 (January 1, 2019): 531–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v4i.518.

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The Tyrrhenian north coast of Sicily is in its eastern part, and apart from Tyndaris and Alaesa, archeologically far less explored than the south and east coast with its numerous Greek settlements. The new publication about Kale Akte is therefore very welcome. The city is located about 100 km west of Milazzo and about 60 km east of Cefalù, the ancient Kephaleodium. In the immediate vicinity are Halesa, about 20 km west, Apollonia (San Fratello) 20 km, Aluntium (San Marco d’Alunzio) 30 km and the villa of Patti Marina 60 km east.
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17

HERNANDEZ-QUIROZ, T., M. SORIANO-GARCIA, A. RODRIGUEZ-ROMERO, C. VALENCIA, L. HERNANDEZ та F. AGUIRRE-GARCIA. "ChemInform Abstract: (2α(2S,3S,4R,6R),3β,5α)-14-Hydroxy-19-oxo-3,2-(( tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,3-diyl)bis(oxy))card-20( 22)-enolide Dihydrate (Calactin), C29H39O9×2 H2O, a Cardenolide from Asclepias linaria." ChemInform 25, № 43 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199443237.

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18

O'Sullivan, Neil. ""Rhetorical" vs "linguistic" Atticism." Rhetorica 33, no. 2 (2015): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2015.33.2.134.

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Modern students of Atticism, the movement which looked to Athenian literature of the classical age to provide models for later composition, often draw a distinction between what they call "rhetorical" (or "stylistic") Atticism of the first century bce and a supposedly later phenomenon termed "linguistic" (or "grammatical") Atticism. This paper questions this dichotomy by showing the clearly linguistic interests of some significant first century bce Greek and Roman Atticists—Caecilius of Calacte, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and T. Annius Cimber—and by arguing that they demonstrate that an inter
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19

Crisa, Antonino. "NEW DISCOVERIES ON KALE AKTE - (F.) Collura (ed.) Studia Calactina I. Ricerche su una città greco-romana di Sicilia: Kalè Akté – Calacte. Con contributi di Sergio Cascella, Emiliano Arena e Benedetto Carroccio. (BAR International Series 2813.) Pp. viii + 460, ills, colour pls. Oxford: BAR Publishing, 2016. Paper, £69. ISBN: 978-1-4073-1480-8." Classical Review 68, no. 2 (2018): 553–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x18000896.

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20

Gambier, Yves. "PYM, Anthony (1993) : Epistemological Problems in Translation and its Teaching. A Seminar fot Thinking Students, Edicions Caminade, Calaceit (Espagne), 160 p." Meta: Journal des traducteurs 40, no. 1 (1995): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/002793ar.

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21

Vidal Lloret, Vicent. "Ressenya de Literatura oral a Faió, Favara, Maella i Nonasp, de Carme Oriol, Pere Navarro i Mònica Sales (Associació Cultural del Matarranya, Calaceit, 2010, 272 pàgines)." Ítaca. Revista de Filologia, no. 3 (2012): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/itaca2012.3.13.

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22

Pérez, Campillo Lorena. "La tecnología de localización aplicada a la investigación científica: el cumplimiento normativo en torno a la protección de datos personales." Revista de Derecho Político.UNED. 117 (June 7, 2023): 311–40. https://doi.org/10.5944/rdp.117.2023.37930.

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A lo largo del trabajo se ha se&ntilde;alado que los datos recogidos por las soluciones tecnol&oacute;gicas resultan bastante necesarios a corto y largo plazo (P&eacute;rez &amp;Batista, 2020), y, adem&aacute;s, de forma m&aacute;s espec&iacute;fica, se ha determinado que los datos de localizaci&oacute;n en el entorno cient&iacute;fico tendr&aacute;n que entenderse como un &laquo;bien com&uacute;n&raquo; o &laquo;bien p&uacute;blico&raquo; (Calacci, et. Al., 2020), protegiendo los derechos y libertades de las personas con las garant&iacute;as normativas establecidas. Por ende, las decisiones p
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23

Parthasarathy, Vikram, Achuthan Raghava Menon, and Basavaraj Devaranavadagi. "Target Fishing of Calactin, Calotropin and Calotoxin Using Reverse Pharmacophore Screening and Consensus Inverse Docking Approach." Current Drug Discovery Technologies 17 (December 7, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570163817666201207143958.

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Background: The anticancer properties of natural products calactin, calotropin and calotoxin are well established. However the mechanisms of their action are unclear and the molecular targets pertinent to them are not detailed. In this study, potential anti-cancer targets of these compounds have been identified using reverse screening approaches that may provide valuable insights into anti cancer drug development. Objective: To identify the potential anticancer targets of calactin, calotropin and calotoxin using reverse screening strategy. Methods: The ligands were screened for potential targe
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Kondru, Srikanth, and Roy Aratrika. "FORENSIC ANALYSIS AND DETECTION OF POISONOUS PLANTS USING GC-MS, LCMS-MS." June 7, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15552139.

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Due to the widespread use of poisonous plants as weapons of crime. The accidental ingestion or criminal use of these plant poisons is observed to be increasing day by day; The analysis of poisonous plants has become an important and challenging task. In present, The technique including liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LCMS-MS), and Gas Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), were found to be an important technique in the analysis of complex bioactive constituents. The present study was aimed at forensic Detection of poisonous plants from selected Indian plants which are
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25

Júlia Martins Souza, Ana, Jordane Silva Rodrigues, Micheli De Souza Bernardes, and Fernanda Guerra Lima Medeiros Borsagli. "Sustainable Starch-Calotropis procera Extract Bio-Packing for Protection Against Fungus Attack and Fruit Fast Maturation." Fine Chemical Engineering, August 30, 2023, 242–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37256/fce.4220232930.

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The proliferation of diseases in plantations, control of fruit ripening, and damages in fruits during transportation are significant agricultural concerns. Thus, this research is based on the production of a sustainable packaging film based on starch conjugated to different concentrations of natural extract from Calotropis procera seeds for agricultural applications. The films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Surface Contact Angle. In addition, antifungal activity against Colletotrichum musae were evaluated in vitro and in vivo, as t
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26

Betz, Anja, Birgit Höglinger, Frank Walker, and Georg Petschenka. "Regionality and Temporal Dynamics of Sequestration and Relocation of Cardenolides in the Monarch Butterfly, Danaus plexippus." Journal of Chemical Ecology 51, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-025-01572-8.

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Abstract The adaptation of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) to milkweed plants and their ability to sequester toxic cardenolides is a model system for plant-herbivore coevolution. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying cardenolide sequestration and its temporal dynamics remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the polar cardenolide ouabain passes through the isolated midgut epithelium of D. plexippus in vitro and is also absorbed into the body cavity of monarch caterpillars. Remarkably, the same pattern was observed in caterpillars of the related, but non-sequestering milkwee
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27

Pfuntner, Laura. "Book Review of Studia Calactina I: Ricerche su una città greco-romano di Sicilia: Kalà Akté—Calacte, by Francesco Collura." American Journal of Archaeology 122, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.3764/ajaonline1221.pfuntner.

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28

Alagarsamy, Veerachamy, Mohaideen Thasthagir Sulthana, Bandi Narendhar та ін. "Identification of Novel Inhibitors for ERα Target of Breast Cancer By In Silico Approach". Current Computer-Aided Drug Design 20 (5 червня 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0115734099301866240527100128.

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Background: Estrogen alpha has been recognized as a perilous factor in breast cancer cell proliferation and has been proficiently treated in breast cancer chemotherapy with the development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Objectives: The major aim of this study was to identify the potential inhibitors against the most influential target ERα receptor by in silico studies of 115 phytochemicals from 17 medicinal plants using in silico molecular docking studies. Methods: The molecular docking investigation was carried out by a genetic algorithm using the Auto Dock Vina program, a
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29

Kaewpaeng, Naphat, Sudaporn Wongwan, Khemmachat Pansooksan, et al. "HPLC-MS standardization and validation methods for determination of calactin content in dichloromethane fraction of Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. (Niu jiao gua) stem bark and its application in prediction of anticancer activities." Heliyon, January 2025, e41963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41963.

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30

Sawong, Suphunwadee, Dumrongsak Pekthong, Pennapha Suknoppakit, et al. "Calotropis gigantea stem bark extracts inhibit liver cancer induced by diethylnitrosamine." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16321-0.

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AbstractSeveral fractions of Calotropis gigantea extracts have been proposed to have potential anticancer activity in many cancer models. The present study evaluated the anticancer activity of C. gigantea stem bark extracts in liver cancer HepG2 cells and diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced primary liver cancer in rats. The carcinogenesis model induced by DEN administration has been widely used to study pathophysiological features and responses in rats that are comparable to those seen in cancer patients. The dichloromethane (CGDCM), ethyl acetate, and water fractions obtained from partitioning c
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