Academic literature on the topic 'Calc-silicate'
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Journal articles on the topic "Calc-silicate"
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Owen, J. V., J. Dostal, and B. N. Church. "Mineralogic reaction zones at a calc-silicate/metapelite interface: an example of trace element mobility in a metamorphic environment." Mineralogical Magazine 58, no. 391 (1994): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.058.391.03.
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AbstractMetasomatic interaction on a cm scale between calc-silicate pods and the enclosing sillimanite + biotite + tourmaline gneiss at Partridge Breast Lake, northern Manitoba, Canada, led to the development of an inner (by calc-silicate rock), hornblende-rich reaction zone and an outer, biotite-rich zone. The boundary between the reaction zones is interpreted as the original calc-silicate/metapelite interface. Compared with its metapelitic protolith, the biotite zone shows a two- to twenty-fold depletion in the concentrations of incompatible trace elements (notably the light rare earths, U, Th, Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf). In contrast, the relative concentrations of trace elements remained nearly constant during the mineralogical transformation of the calc-silicate rock to the hornblende zone. The depletion of trace elements in the biotite zone is attributed to the dissolution of accessory phases (e.g. monazite). Although stable at the metamorphic conditions (∼600–650°C at ∼ 4.5 kbar) prevalent during metasomatism, Mg-rich tourmaline is absent in the biotite zone, suggesting that either the pH or composition (e.g. the (Al + Si)/(Ca + Mg + Fe) ratio) of the aqueous fluid phase was inappropriate for the preservation of this mineral.
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Harris, Chris, та Lucrecia Maboane. "The Garies wollastonite deposit, Namaqualand, South Africa: High-Temperature metamorphism of a low-δ18O skarn?" Canadian Mineralogist 59, № 3 (2021): 495–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2000071.
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ABSTRACT The Garies wollastonite deposit is located in the Bushmanland terrane of the Namaqualand Metamorphic Province and is part of a discontinuous calc-silicate unit bounded by granulite facies gneiss that experienced peak metamorphic temperatures above 800 °C. In bulk, the deposit is dominated by wollastonite, but varied proportions of garnet, diopside, quartz, calcite, and vesuvianite are also present. Mineral chemistry variations across the deposit are minor, and the absence of inclusions indicates textural and chemical equilibrium. The wollastonite-bearing rocks have unusually low mineral δ18O values: –0.6 to +2.2‰ for garnet, –0.2 to +2. 6‰ for clinopyroxene, and –0.2 to +0.4‰ for wollastonite. Calcite δ18O values range from 6.8 to 11. 8‰ and δ13C values from –6.4 to –3.2‰. Calcite δ18O values are unusually low for calc-silicate rocks, but Δcalcite-garnet values from 3 to 12‰ indicate O-isotope disequilibrium between calcite and the silicate minerals. Garnet-biotite metapelitic and diopside gneisses have unexpectedly low δ18O values (<7‰). The approach to O-isotope equilibrium displayed by coexisting silicate minerals, and low mineral δ18O values in calc-silicate and metapelite and metapsammite gneisses, is consistent with low δ18O values being acquired before peak metamorphism. Low δ18O values in the minerals of the calc-silicate rocks require interaction with external fluid at high water/rock ratio. We suggest that the deposit represents a metamorphosed skarn that developed at the contact between the original carbonate rocks and intruding felsic magmas.
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Alderton, D. H. M. "Calc-Silicate Minerals from the Dartmoor Granite." Mineralogical Magazine 52, no. 367 (1988): 527–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1988.052.367.13.
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Sklyarov, Eugene V., Nikolai S. Karmanov, Andrey V. Lavrenchuk, and Anastasia E. Starikova. "Perovskites of the Tazheran Massif (Baikal, Russia)." Minerals 9, no. 5 (2019): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9050323.
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The paper provides details of local geology and mineralogy of the Tazheran Massif, which was the sampling site of perovskite used as an external standard in perovskite U-Pb dating by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) and laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma (LA–ICP–MS) mass spectrometry. The Tazheran Massif is a complex of igneous (mafic dikes, syenite, nepheline syenite), metamorphic (marble), and metasomatic (skarn, calc–silicate veins) rocks. Metasomatites are thin and restricted to the complex interior being absent from the margins. Perovskite has been studied at four sites of metasomatic rocks of three different types: forsterite–spinel calc–silicate veins in brucite marble (1); skarn at contacts between nepheline syenite and brucite marble (2), and skarn-related forsterite–spinel (Fo-Spl) calc–silicate veins (3). Pervoskite from Fo-Spl calc–silicate veins (type 1) is almost free from impurities (<1 wt.% in total: 0.06%–0.4% REE2O3, 0.10%–0.22% Nb2O5, ≤0.1% ThO2). The U contents are from 0.1 to 1.9 wt.% UO2 and are relatively uniform in perovskites from the same vein but differ from vein to vein of this type. Perovskite from the contact skarn (type 2) contains 1.5 to 4.5 wt.% REE2O3 but is poor in other impurities. Perovskite grains from skarn-related Fo-Spl calc–silicate rocks (type 3) belong to two generations that differ in REE, Nb, Th, Fe, and Na concentrations. Early-generation perovskites occurs as compositionally homogeneous octahedral or cubic-octahedral crystals with contents of impurities higher than in other varieties (3.6 wt.% REE2O3, 1.6 wt.% Fe2O3, 1.3 wt.% Nb2O5, 0.7 wt.% ThO2, 0.6 wt.% UO2, and 0.6 wt.% Na2O) but the lowest is at the respective site. Late-generation varieties show highly variable impurity concentrations of 1.5 to 22.7 wt.% REE2O3, 0.4 to 8.4 wt.% Nb2O5, and 0.8 to 4.5% ThO2, while the perovskite component may be as low as 65%. In addition to the lueshite and loparite, components, they contain REEFeO3 and Th0.5TiO3 endmembers which have no natural analogs.
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Stutter, M. I., M. S. Alam, S. J. Langan, S. J. Woodin, R. P. Smart, and M. S. Cresser. "The effects of H2SO4 and (NH4)2SO4 treatments on the chemistry of soil drainage water and pine seedlings in forest soil microcosms." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 3 (2004): 392–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-392-2004.
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Abstract. An experiment comparing effects of sulphuric acid and reduced N deposition on soil water quality and on chemical and physical growth indicators for forest ecosystems is described. Six H2SO4 and (NH4)2SO4 treatment loads, from 0 – 44 and 0 – 25 kmolc ha-1 yr-1, respectively, were applied to outdoor microcosms of Pinus sylvestris seedlings in 3 acid to intermediate upland soils (calc-silicate, quartzite and granite) for 2 years. Different soil types responded similarly to H2SO4 loads, resulting in decreased leachate pH, but differently to reduced N inputs. In microcosms of calc-silicate soil, nitrification of NH4 resulted in lower pH and higher cation leaching than in acid treatments. By contrast, in quartzite and granite soils, (NH4)2SO4 promoted direct cation leaching, although leachate pH increased. The results highlighted the importance of soil composition on the nature of the cations leached, the SO4 adsorption capacities and microbial N transformations. Greater seedling growth on calc-silicate soils under both treatment types was related to sustained nutrient availability. Reductions in foliar P and Mg with higher N treatments were observed for seedlings in the calc-silicate soil. There were few treatment effects on quartzite and granite microcosm tree seedlings since P limitation precluded seedling growth responses to treatments. Hence, any benefits of N deposition to seedlings on quartzite and granite soils appeared limited by availability of co-nutrients, exacerbated by rapid depletion of soil exchangeable base cations. Keywords: acidification, manipulation, nitrogen, ammonium, deposition, soil, drainage, pine, microcosms, forest
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Batchelor, Richard A. "Do Neoproterozoic (Moine) calc-silicate rocks represent metamorphosed tuffs? A geochemical re-appraisal." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 107, no. 4 (2016): 333–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691018000063.
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ABSTRACTFollowing the identification of grey quartz–albite–chlorite–calcite–muscovite rocks in Meso- to Neo-proterozoic sequences in Scotland as metamorphosed tuffs of intermediate composition, it has been shown that this lithology will generate calc-silicate rocks at higher metamorphic grades. Both rock types occur as thin beds with sharp contacts with their host, occur as multiple beds in isolated suites, and share chemical compositions suggestive of volcanic sources with tholeiitic andesite affinities. The failure to recognise calc-silicate rocks as tuffs might explain the apparent scarcity of volcanogenic material through c.220 million years of early Earth history in Scotland.
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SATISH-KUMAR, M., and M. SANTOSH. "A petrological and fluid inclusion study of calc-silicate–charnockite associations from southern Kerala, India: implications for CO2 influx." Geological Magazine 135, no. 1 (1998): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756897008145.
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Recent discovery of wollastonite-bearing calc-silicate assemblages adjacent to gneiss–charnockite horizons in the supracrustal terrain of the Kerala Khondalite Belt, southern India, provides an opportunity to evaluate the carbonic fluid infiltration model proposed for charnockite formation. Petrological and fluid inclusion studies across these horizons in three representative localities are presented in this study. The calc-silicate assemblages define peak metamorphic conditions of ∼800°C at 5 kbar and define a low aCO2. Adjacent charnockite assemblages developed through dehydration involving the breakdown of garnet, biotite and quartz to produce orthopyroxene under low aH2O conditions. Retrograde reactions preserved in the calc-silicate rocks, such as scapolite–quartz symplectites, and the partial breakdown of wollastonite previously has been attributed to a near isothermal decompression during which infiltration of CO2-rich fluids occurred. Fluid inclusion studies indicate that the earliest generation of fluids preserved in the calc-silicate assemblages are aqueous (with salinity ∼8 wt% NaCl equivalent), consistent with mineral phase equilibria defining low aCO2. The estimation of NaCl content in brines coexisting with scapolite, based on the Cl content of the scapolite, indicates the presence of up to 20 wt % NaCl during the formation of scapolite consistent with the saline primary fluid inclusions. Primary carbonic inclusions occur within the retrogressed calcite+quartz assemblage after wollastonite, and are considered to represent the post-peak metamorphic carbonic fluid infiltration event, synchronous with the development of charnockites in the adjacent gneisses. These inclusions have identical characteristics to those in the charnockites. We envisage that the Kerala Khondalite Belt fluid regime was largely internally buffered during the prograde path, and that CO2 infiltration post-dated peak metamorphism. Influx of CO2 was mostly structurally controlled, and occurred along a near-isothermal uplift path. Graphite-bearing pegmatitic dykes with abundant CO2-rich inclusions in these localities attest to the transfer of carbonic fluids through magmatic conduits.
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Fonseca, Ariadne Do Carmo. "Fragmento tectónico cabo frio: aspectos de campo, petrografía e geoquímica." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 17 (December 1, 1994): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/1994_0_109-131.
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The main lithological units which occur in the "Cabo Frio Tectonic Fragment" are orthogneisses and paragneisses. The orthogneisses have granitic-granodioritic-tonalitic compositions, with amphibolitic enclaves and intercalations and are cutted by granitic aplites. The paragneisses are metapelites, with intercalations of amphibolite, quartzites and calc-silicate rocks, metamorphosed in upper amphibolite facies, in intermediate pressure conditions. Geochemically, the orthogneisses correspond to a metaluminous high-K calc-alkalic series, with monzogabbro, quartz-monzodiorite and monzonite compositions. Otherwise, the petrography indicates a low-K calc-alkalic series, suggesting a pre-collisional granitoids series related to oceanic crust subduction. A divergence between the compositions obtained by the petrography and geochemistry can be the result of problems in the analyses of alkalies. The amphibolites, associated to the orthogneisses, also present calc-alkalic metaluminous character, with basaltic and andesitic compositions, suggestive of orogenic emplacement. The paragneisses show compositions varying between lithoarenite and arkoses, with peraluminous character, probably deposited in a continental are or ative continental margin environment.
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Birch, W. D. "Danburite‐bearing calc‐silicate rocks from the Ascot Hills, Dookie, Victoria." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, no. 4 (1996): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099608728262.
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Rolfo, Franco, Chiara Groppo, and Pietro Mosca. "Metamorphic CO2 production in calc-silicate rocks from the eastern Himalaya." Italian Journal of Geosciences 136, no. 1 (2017): 28–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2015.36.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Calc-silicate"
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Kearns, Stuart. "Metamorphism of calc-silicate and related rocks from the Dalradian of N.E. Scotland." Thesis, University of Derby, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327914.
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Ozisik, Gulsevim. "Genetical Investigation Of Balya-balikesir Lead-zinc Mineralizations." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611319/index.pdf.
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This thesis study is concerned with genetical investigation of Balikesir Balya Pb-Zn mineralization through the mineralogic-petrographic and geochemical examination of the core samples obtained from a total of 9 holes drilled by EczacibaSi ESAN Madencilik.
The Pb-Zn mineralization in Balya is mainly of vein-type. Wall rocks hosting mineralizations are dacite, dacite porphyry and microdiorite. Major types of alteration are silicification, carbonatization and calc-silicate alteration, each of which is further subdivided into early and late stages and overprinted by argillic alteration of probable supergene origin. The ore minerals are mainly Zn- and Pb-sulphides and are hosted by the rocks with late calc-silicate alteration that underwent pervasive late silicification and late carbonatization. Sulfide mineralization is spatially and temporally associated with the late silicification and carbonatization stages. Lateral-vertical correlation of drill logs suggest that thickness of the ore zone tends to decrease towards north.
The volcanic rocks hosting the mineralization have calc-alkaline nature. Major, trace and rare earth element (REE) geochemistry suggests either crustal contamination or subduction signature in the mantle source of the volcanics. Multi element patterns and discrimination diagrams collectively point to a post-collisional setting for their generation. Alteration geochemistry reveals that Fe2O3 and CaO are enriched during calc-silicate alteration in contrast to depletion of SiO2. Al2O3 and TiO2 are almost constant during late calc-silicate alteration. Enrichment of Fe2O3 and Na2O, and depletion of K2O characterize the silicified zones. Carbonatization is accompanied by strong enrichment of CaO and depletion of SiO2, Al2O3 and K2O.
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Andrade, Jean Carlos Silva. "Estudo e caracteriza??o de mat?rias-primas para o desenvolvimento de blocos s?lico-calc?rios." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15582.
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-24<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico<br>The types of products manufactured calcium silicate blocks are very diversified in its characteristics. They include accessory bricks, blocks, products in dense material, with or without reinforcements of hardware, great units in cellular material, and thermal insulating products. The elements calcium silicate are of great use in the prefabricated construction, being formed for dense masses and hardened by autoclaving. This work has for objective develop formulations that make possible the obtaining of calcium silicate blocks with characteristics that correspond the specifications technical, in the State of the Rio Grande of the North, in finality of obtaining technical viability for use in the civil construction. The work studied the availability raw materials from convenient for the production of calcium silicate blocks, and the effect of variations of the productive process on the developed products. The studied raw materials were: the quartz sand from the city of S?o Gon?alo do Amarante/RN, and two lime, a hydrated lime and a pure lime from the city of Governador Dix-Sept Rosado/RN. The raw materials collected were submitted a testes to particle size distribution, fluorescence of X rays, diffraction of X rays. Then were produced 8 formulations and made body-of-test by uniaxial pressing at 36 MPa, and cured for 7 hours at about 18 kgf/cm2 pressing and temperature of approximately 180 ?C. The cure technological properties evaluated were: lineal shrinkage, apparent density, apparent porosity, water absorption, modulus of rupture flexural (3 points), resistance compression, phase analysis (XRD) and micromorphological analysis (SEM). From the results presented the technological properties, was possible say that utilization of hydrated lime becomes more viable its utilization in mass limestone silica, for manufacture of calcium silicate blocks<br>Os tipos de produtos s?lico-calc?rios fabricados s?o muito diversificados em suas caracter?sticas. Eles incluem tijolos, blocos, produtos acess?rios em material denso, com ou sem refor?os de ferragem, grandes unidades em material celular, e produtos isolantes t?rmicos. Os elementos s?lico-calc?rios s?o de grande utiliza??o na constru??o pr?-fabricada, sendo formados por massas densas e endurecidos em autoclave. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver formula??es que possibilitem a obten??o de blocos s?lico-calc?rios com caracter?sticas que correspondem ?s especifica??es t?cnicas, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, na finalidade de obter viabilidade t?cnica para uso na constru??o civil. O trabalho estudou a disponibilidade de mat?rias-primas convenientes para a produ??o de blocos s?lico-calc?rios, e o efeito das varia??es do processo produtivo sobre os produtos desenvolvidos. As mat?rias-primas estudadas foram: uma areia quartzosa oriunda do munic?pio de S?o Gon?alo do Amarante/RN, e duas cal, uma cal hidratada e uma cal virgem oriundas do munic?pio de Governador Dix-Sept Rosado/RN. As mat?rias-primas coletadas foram submetidas a ensaios de distribui??o de tamanho de part?cula, fluoresc?ncia de raios X, difra??o de raios X. Em seguida foram produzidas 8 formula??es e confeccionados corpos-de-prova por prensagem uniaxial a 36 MPa, e curados durante 7 horas em press?o de aproximadamente 18 kgf/cm2, e temperatura de aproximadamente 180?C. As propriedades tecnol?gicas de cura avaliadas foram: retra??o linear, massa espec?fica aparente, porosidade aparente, absor??o de ?gua, m?dulo de ruptura ? flex?o em 3 pontos, resist?ncia a compress?o, an?lise fases (DRX) e an?lise micromorfol?gica (MEV). A partir dos resultados apresentados das propriedades tecnol?gicas, foi poss?vel afirmar que a utiliza??o da cal hidratada torna-se mais vi?vel sua utiliza??o em massas s?lico-calc?rias, para fabrica??o de blocos s?lico-calc?rios
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Grguric, Benjamin. "The petrology, geochemistry, and fluid history of calc-silicate rocks and associated primary Cu-Co mineralization in the Ethiudna mines area, Olary province, South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbg845.pdf.
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Thesis (B. Sc. (Hons.))--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 1993.<br>On title page: "National Grid reference : Plumbago Sheet 6833 (1:63,360). Two folded maps in back cover pocket. Includes bibliographical references.
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Mao, Huahai. "Thermodynamic modelling and assessment of some alumino-silicate systems." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-251.
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Jolis, Ester M. "Magma-Crust Interaction at Subduction Zone Volcanoes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Berggrundsgeologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-198085.
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The focus of this work is magma-crust interaction processes and associated crustal volatile release in subduction zone volcanoes, drawing on rock, mineral, and gas geochemistry as well as experimental petrology. Understanding the multitude of differentiation processes that modify an original magma during ascent to the surface is vital to unravel the contributions of the various sources that contribute to the final magmas erupted at volcanoes. In particular, magma-crust interaction (MCI) processes have been investigated at a variety of scales, from a local scale in the Vesuvius, Merapi, and Kelut studies, to a regional scale, in the Java to Bali segment of the Sunda Arc. The role of crustal influences is still not well constrained in subduction systems, particulary in terms of the compositional impact of direct magma crust interplay. To address this shortcoming, we studied marble and calc-silicate (skarn) xenoliths, and used high resolution short timescale experimental petrology at Vesuvius volcano. The marbles and calc-silicates help to identify different mechanisms of magma-carbonate and magma-xenolith interaction, and the subsequent effects of volatile release on potential eruptive behaviour, while sequential short-duration experiments simulate the actual processes of carbonate assimilation employing natural materials and controlled magmatic conditions. The experiments highlight the efficiency of carbonate assimilation and associated carbonate-derived CO2 liberated over short timescales. The findings at Merapi and Kelut demonstrate a complex magmatic plumbing system underneath these volcanoes with magma residing at different depths, spanning from the mantle-crust boundary to the upper crust. The erupted products and volcanic gas emissions enable us to shed light on MCI-processes and associated volatile release in these systems. The knowledge gained from studying individual volcanoes (e.g., Merapi and Kelut) is then tested on a regional scale and applied to the entire Java and Bali arc segment. An attempt is presented to distinguish the extent of source versus crustal influences and establish a quantitative model of late stage crustal influence in this arc segment. This thesis therefore hopes to contribute to our knowledge of magma genesis and magma-crust interaction (MCI) processes that likely operate in subduction zone systems worldwide.
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Lagrosen, Emelie. "Magma-Carbonate Interaction and CO2 Release: A Case Study from Carlingford Igneous Centre, Ireland." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-401982.
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Magma which intrudes into carbonate rich crust, interacts with the carbonate in several ways, for example by contact metamorphism and formation of marble or by metasomatism resulting in calc-silicate skarn. These processes release volatiles, such as CO2, from the carbonate and might thus cause climate change. One volcanic complex where the intrusions and their surrounding metamorphic aureole are well exposed and therefore convenient for investigation of magma-carbonate interaction is the Carlingford Igneous Centre in NE of Ireland. The complex is dominated by a gabbro lopolith and a microgranite ring dyke, which intruded into limestone and meta-siltstone at around 62-60 Ma. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent of magma-carbonate interaction and assess the amount of CO2 which could have been released from the aureole at Carlingford. This is done by analysing major and trace elements as well as carbon and sulphur content in skarn and marble samples from a transect along the calc-silicate metamorphic aureole. The analytical methods used are SEM- EDX, XRF, LA-ICP-MS and carbon and sulphur analyses. The CO2 release is calculated by comparing the carbon and CO2 content in the skarn and marble samples with that in the unmetamorphosed limestone. The results show that the skarn has experienced a strong interaction with the magma, as it contains several high-grade minerals, such as wollastonite, vesuvianite and pyrope, and has lost almost all its carbon. The extent of interaction and amount of CO2 release is generally much lower in the marble, even though a few marble samples show a strong interaction and a high degree of degassing. On the other hand, the amount of marble in the aureole turns out to be significantly higher than the amount of skarn (70-90% compared to 10-30%). The total mass of CO2 release from the calc-silicate aureole is calculated to 0.64-9.06 Gt, where 1.30-2.67 Gt being the most realistic amount. This released CO2 has probably not caused any significant climate change on its own but may have had a small contribution to global warming together with other volcanoes that were active during the same period of time.<br>Magma som tränger in i karbonatrik jordskorpa, integrerar med karbonaten på flera olika sätt, t.ex. genom kontaktmetamorfos och bildande av marmor eller genom metasomatos, vilket resulterar i kalk-silikatisk skarn. Dessa processer släpper ut flyktiga ämnen, som exempelvis CO2, från karbonaten och kan därmed orsaka klimatförändring. Ett vulkaniskt komplex där intrusioner och deras omgivande metamorfa aureoler är välexponerade och därmed lämpliga för undersökning av magma-karbonat-interaktion är Carlingford Igneous Centre i nordöstra Irland. Komplexet domineras av en gabbro-lopolit och en mikrogranitisk ring-gång, som trängde in i kalksten och metasiltsten för ca 62-60 Ma. Syftet med studien är att undersöka graden av magma-karbonat-interaktion och bedöma mängden CO2 som kan ha släppts ut från aureolen i Carlingford. Detta utförs genom analysering av huvudelement och spårelement samt av kol- och svavelinnehåll i skarn- och marmorprover från en transekt genom den kalk-silikatiska metamorfa aureolen. De analytiska metoder som används är SEM-EDX, XRF, LA-ICP- MS samt kol- och svavelanalyser. Mängden CO2 beräknas genom att jämföra kol- och CO2-innehåll i skarn- och marmorprover med innehållet kol och CO2 i den ickemetamorfa kalkstenen. Resultaten visar att skarn har genomgått en stark interaktion med magman, då bergarten innehåller flera mineral av hög metamorf grad, som exempelvis wollastonit, vesuvianit och pyrop, samt har förlorat nästan allt sitt kol. Graden interaktion och mängden CO2-utsläpp är generellt mycket lägre i marmorn än i skarnen, även fast några marmorprover visar stark interaktion och en stor del avgasning. Å andra sidan är mängden marmor i aureolen signifikant högre än mängden skarn (70-90% jämfört med 10-30%). Den totala massan av CO2-utsläpp från den kalk-silikatiska delen av aureolen är beräknad till 0,64-9,06 Gt, där 1,30-2,67 Gt anses vara den mest realistiska mängden. Detta utsläpp av CO2 har troligtvis inte orsakat någon signifikant klimatpåverkan på egen hand, men kan ha haft en liten bidragande effekt till global uppvärmning tillsammans med andra vulkaner som var aktiva under samma geologiska tidsperiod.
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Plummer, Kelly. "Contact metamorphism of calc-silicate rocks in the Belmont Contact aureole, central Nevada." 2006. http://etd.utk.edu/2006/PlummerKelly.pdf.
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Feldtmann, Franette. "The structural-metamorphic evolution of the marble and calc-silicate rocks of the Baklykraal quarry near Alldays, Central Zone, Limpopo Belt, South Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6756.
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Twiggs, C. "The tectonic evolution of the rocks comprising the Venetia Klippe, Limpopo Belt, South Africa, with emphasis on carbonate and calc-silicate rocks and pegmatite." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5904.
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M.Sc.<br>This thesis involves a study ofthe geology surrounding the —530 Ma to —519 Ma Venetia kimberlite pipes situated between AIldays and Messina (now renamed Musina) in the Beit Bridge Terrane of the Limpopo Belt, South Africa. The Limpopo Belt is an eastnortheast trending high grade metamorphic terrane thought until recently to be the result ofa collisional event between the Kaapv_aal and Zimbabwe Cratons between 2.7 and 2.65 Ga. However, recent studies have challenged this concept and suggest that the assembly was more complex and took place over an extended period of time ending at —2.04 Ga. This study involved surface mapping of the Farms Rugen (south) and Ostrolenca, providing additional information to help with mine planning, grade control and exploration. It forms a portion of a project initiated between Venetia Mine, the Venetia- Limpopo Nature Reserve and Professor Jay Barton of RAU to geologically map in detail the area around the pipes (scale < 1:10 000) and to study various aspects of the regional geology. The rock types into which the Venetia kimberlite pipes intruded belong to the Venetia klippe, an east-west trending synclinal structure with the axial plane dipping steeply northwards. Lithologically, the Venetia klippe comprises four layered units in which interlayered granitic or arkosic quartzofeldspathic gneisses, with and without biotite and garnet, and para and ortho-amphibolite, quartzite and meta-carbonate rocks (marble and limestone), banded iron formation and calc-silicate rock occur. Geochemical analysis (SEM and electron microprobe) of the meta-carbonates (re-crystallised magnesian limestone, coarse-grained marble and fine-grained foliated marble), indicate the precursors to be magnesian limestone, dolomite and limestone. Several events have been identified during the structural evolution of the area. They include: formation of gneissic metamorphic layering, tectonic suturing between different lithologies, formation of a syncline and east-west strike-slip faulting, north-south trending folds and northeast-southwest dextral strike-slip faulting, tourmaline bearing pegmatite emplacement, dolerite intrusion, tourmaline absent pegmatite emplacement, kimberlite emplacement and reactivation of pre-existing structures. Depositional structures only in the fine-grained foliated marble are preserved, e.g. graded bedding, cross-bedding, rip-up clasts and channels. These structures suggest deposition of the carbonates in two main depositional environments; peritidal (channels and rip-up clasts) and subtidal shelf (graded bedding and cross-bedding). A study of pegmatites in the area shows two main pegmatite types: tourmaline bearing and tormaline absent, each locally displaying a zonation. Mineralogically, the pegmaties are rich in quartz and albite and lack K-feldspar so they are classified as sodic-rich or plagio-pegmatites. Step heating 40Ar/39Ar analyses of muscovite from undeformed pegmatite yields an age of —2.0 Ga, which is interpreted to represent the time of pegmatite emplacement into the Venetia klippe rocks. Structurally, the pegmatites are sheet-like bodies cross-cutting compositional layering, joints, faults, folds and the dolerite, except for the older tourmaline bearing pegmatite that has intruded along east-west faults, but not northeast-southwest trending faults. By applying the principles of a dike propagation model, the source of the Venetia pegmatites should be greater than 5X5X5 km in volume and a maximum of 10km away. An appropriate granitic source has been recognized on the farm Gotha to the south of the mine by Martina Barnett. Leucocratic granodiorite, tonalite and granite with minor xenoliths of amphibolite, quartzite and magnetite quartzite define the Gotha Granitic Complex and pegmatite decreases in abundance away from it to the north and east. Deposition of Unit 3 lithologies into a rifted basin and an ancient epeiric sea is possible. However, there is more evidence (peritidal and shelf environments of the metacarbonates) and clean mature quartzites to suggest deposition into a passive continental margin or epeiric sea similar to the Malmani dolomites of the Transvaal Supergroup.
Books on the topic "Calc-silicate"
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Kearns, Stuart. Metamorphism of calc-silicate and related rocks from the Dalradian of N.E. Scotland. Derbyshire Collegeof Higher Education], 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Calc-silicate"
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"Calc-silicate rocks." In A Pictorial Guide to Metamorphic Rocks in the Field. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17436-11.
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"calc-silicate-hornfels." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_30199.
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"calc-silicate rock." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_30200.
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López Sanchez-Vizcaíno, V., and J. I. Soto. "Metamorphism of calc-silicate rocks from the Alboran basement." In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 161 Scientific Results. Ocean Drilling Program, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.161.217.1999.
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Tsuchiya, N., T. Hashida, and Y. Suto. "Dissolution and deposition behavior of granite and calc-silicate rock in CO2-saturated hydrothermal system." In Water-Rock Interaction. Taylor & Francis, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe0415451369.ch137.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Calc-silicate"
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Baxter, Sarah Elizabeth. "CALC-SILICATE ALTERATION AND ORE CHARACTERIZATION, ASARCO MISSION COMPLEX, IMPLICATIONS ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF MO RECOVERY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-341372.
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Hoisch, Thomas D., Samuel Wright, Samuel Wright, et al. "LATE JURASSIC TO LATE CRETACEOUS LASS TITANITE AGES FROM CALC-SILICATE ROCKS FROM THE BIG MARIA MOUNTAINS, SE CALIFORNIA: CONSTRAINTS ON THE TIMING OF HIGH-VOLUME MID-CRUSTAL FLUID INTERACTION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-334872.
Full textReports on the topic "Calc-silicate"
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Williams-Jones, A. E., and D. R. Ferreira. Fluid Inclusion Studies and the Origin of Cupriferous Calc-Silicate Hornfelses At Patapedia, Gaspesie, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/126566.
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