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Journal articles on the topic 'Calcein AM'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

Chitarra, Luiz G., Peter Breeuwer, Tjakko Abee, and Ruud W. Bulk. "The use of fluorescent probes to assess viability of the plant pathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis by flow cytometry." Fitopatologia Brasileira 31, no. 4 (2006): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582006000400004.

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Determination of the viability of bacteria by the conventional plating technique is a time-consuming process. Methods based on enzyme activity or membrane integrity are much faster and may be good alternatives. Assessment of the viability of suspensions of the plant pathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) using the fluorescent probes Calcein acetoxy methyl ester (Calcein AM), carboxyfluorescein diacetate (cFDA), and propidium iodide (PI) in combination with flow cytometry was evaluated. Heat-treated and viable (non-treated) Cmm cells labeled with Calcein AM, c

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2

Poole, C. A., N. H. Brookes, and G. M. Clover. "Keratocyte networks visualised in the living cornea using vital dyes." Journal of Cell Science 106, no. 2 (1993): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.106.2.685.

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Fluorescent viability probes have been used to visualise and investigate the viability, morphology and organisation of the keratocyte within the stroma of the intact living cornea. The live cell probe, calcien-AM, in combination with a dead cell probe, ethidium homodimer (Live/Dead Assay, Molecular Probes, U.S.A.) proved superior to earlier generation vital dyes such as fluorescein diacetate or 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate, initially used in combination with ethidium bromide. The ubiquitous distribution of esterase enzymes that cleave calcien-AM within the keratocyte cytoplasm produced a h

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3

Legrand, Ollivier, Ghislaine Simonin, Jean-Yves Perrot, Robert Zittoun, and Jean-Pierre Marie. "Pgp and MRP Activities Using Calcein-AM Are Prognostic Factors in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients." Blood 91, no. 12 (1998): 4480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v91.12.4480.

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Abstract Thirteen cell lines with different levels of Pgp and MRP expression were used to assess the ability of calcein acetoxymethyl ester (calcein-AM) uptake and calcein efflux to measure Pgp and MRP functions, respectively. There was a good correlation between MRP expression and the modulatory effect of probenecid (a specific modulator of MRP) on the calcein efflux (r = .91, P= .0003) and between Pgp expression and the modulatory effect of CsA on calcein-AM uptake (r = .96, P &lt; .0001). In light of the high correlations for both proteins, we tested calcein-AM uptake and efflux in fres

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4

Legrand, Ollivier, Ghislaine Simonin, Jean-Yves Perrot, Robert Zittoun, and Jean-Pierre Marie. "Pgp and MRP Activities Using Calcein-AM Are Prognostic Factors in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients." Blood 91, no. 12 (1998): 4480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v91.12.4480.412k28_4480_4488.

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Thirteen cell lines with different levels of Pgp and MRP expression were used to assess the ability of calcein acetoxymethyl ester (calcein-AM) uptake and calcein efflux to measure Pgp and MRP functions, respectively. There was a good correlation between MRP expression and the modulatory effect of probenecid (a specific modulator of MRP) on the calcein efflux (r = .91, P= .0003) and between Pgp expression and the modulatory effect of CsA on calcein-AM uptake (r = .96, P < .0001). In light of the high correlations for both proteins, we tested calcein-AM uptake and efflux in fresh myeloid leu

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5

Terashi, Kenji, Mikio Oka, Hiroshi Soda, et al. "Interactions of Ofloxacin and Erythromycin with the Multidrug Resistance Protein (MRP) in MRP-Overexpressing Human Leukemia Cells." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 6 (2000): 1697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.6.1697-1700.2000.

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ABSTRACT To investigate interactions between the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) and antimicrobial agents, we examined the effects of 12 agents on vincristine sensitivity and efflux of the calcein acetoxy-methyl ester (calcein-AM) of a MRP substrate in MRP-overexpressing cells. Only ofloxacin and erythromycin enhanced sensitivity with increased intracellular vincristine accumulation and inhibited the calcein-AM efflux. Our findings suggest that the two agents are possible MRP substrates and may competitively inhibit MRP function as a drug efflux pump.

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6

Tenopoulou, Margarita, Tino Kurz, Paschalis-Thomas Doulias, Dimitrios Galaris, and Ulf T. Brunk. "Does the calcein-AM method assay the total cellular ‘labile iron pool’ or only a fraction of it?" Biochemical Journal 403, no. 2 (2007): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20061840.

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The calcein-AM (calcein-acetoxymethyl ester) method is a widely used technique that is supposed to assay the intracellular ‘labile iron pool’ (LIP). When cells in culture are exposed to this ester, it passes the plasma membrane and reacts with cytosolic unspecific esterases. One of the reaction products, calcein, is a fluorochrome and a hydrophilic alcohol to which membranes are non-permeable and which, consequently, is retained within the cytosol of cells. Calcein fluorescence is quenched following chelation of low-mass labile iron, and the degree of quenching gives an estimate of the amounts

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7

Buller, Gayle M., Jolene A. Bradford, Jixiang Liu, and William L. Godfrey. "Novel Reagents for the Addition of Viability Measurements to Immunostaining Using Flow Cytometry." Blood 108, no. 11 (2006): 3879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3879.3879.

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Abstract With polychromatic flow cytometry becoming more prevalent, there is increasing interest in excluding dead cells from analyses without sacrificing the fluorophores already in use. We report several novel organic dyes that can identify stressed or dead cells in stained populations without compromising channels used for common fluorophores such as Alexa Fluor® 488, R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) and R-PE tandem dyes. Fixable violet and fixable aqua dead cell stains been developed that have peak emissions around 450 and 515 nm, respectively, and which can withstand aldehyde fixation, allowing the

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8

Qian, Ting, Lawrence C. Trost, and John J. Lemasters. "Quenching or Misalignment? Confocal Microscopy Onset of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition in Cultured Hepatocytes." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (1999): 468–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760001566x.

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INTRODUCTION: The mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) has been implicated in mediating both necrotic and apoptotic cell death. Opening of the permeability transition pore in the mitochondrial inner membrane causes the MPT. Previously, our laboratory developed a method to detect the MPT in cultured hepatocytes by visualizing redistribution of calcein fluorescence from the cytosol into the mitochondria after permeability transition pore opening, using confocal microscopy. (1). However, a recent paper suggests that unstained mitochondria are unlikely to be detected against bright cytosoli

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9

Tang, Yongmin, Botao Ning, Zhijian Lan, et al. "The Flow Cytometrical Evaluation of P-gp Pump Function on Leukemic Cells with Calcein-AM and Its Significance." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 4370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.4370.4370.

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Abstract Multi-drug resistance (MDR) remains the major obstacles for the successful treatment of patients with unfavorable hematopoietic malignancies. The mechanism of MDR is very sophisticated and not well understood. One of the major mechanisms for MDR is the pump function of the MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein (P-gp). However a practical assay to accurately determine the pump function of P-gp is still lacking. In this study, an assay based on a fluorescent dye (Calcein acetoxymethyl esteror, Calcein-AM) and multi-parameter flow cytometry capable of accurately determining the pump function

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10

Uggeri, Jacopo, Rita Gatti, Silvana Belletti, et al. "Calcein-AM is a detector of intracellular oxidative activity." Histochemistry and Cell Biology 122, no. 5 (2000): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00418-004-0712-y.

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11

Thein Maw, May Phyu, Panadda Phattanawasin, Chanokporn Sukonpan, and Nusara Piyapolrungroj. "Possible Intestinal Absorption Enhancers from Citrus hystrix." E3S Web of Conferences 141 (2020): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014102003.

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Bioavailability of orally administered drugs is regulated by P-gp, a member of the ATP binding cassette transporter families. It expresses at the apical surface of epithelial cells and effluxs out several clinically important drugs resulting in decreased absorption and bioavailability. In recent years, the utilization of bioenhancer to increase the bioavailability of drugs has extensively studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the compounds found in Citrus hystrix as a bioenhancer for orally administered drugs by modulation of P-gp function. The modulation effect

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12

Baek, Seung-Ho, and Kyoung-Soon Shin. "Applicability of Fluorescein Diacetate (FDA) and Calcein-AM to Determine the Viability of Marine Plankton." Ocean and Polar Research 31, no. 4 (2009): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4217/opr.2009.31.4.349.

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13

Jonsson, B., G. Liminga, K. Csoka, et al. "Cytotoxic activity of calcein acetoxymethyl ester (calcein/AM) on primary cultures of human haematological and solid tumours." European Journal of Cancer 32, no. 5 (1996): 883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(96)00015-9.

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14

Gatti, Rita, Silvana Belletti, Guido Orlandini, Ovidio Bussolati, Valeria Dall'Asta, and Gian Carlo Gazzola. "Comparison of Annexin V and Calcein-AM as Early Vital Markers of Apoptosis in Adherent Cells by Confocal Laser Microscopy." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 46, no. 8 (1998): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215549804600804.

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SUMMARY Although morphological criteria for apoptosis are in general reliable, no systematic comparison of the techniques employed thus far has yet been performed. In this study, using confocal laser microscopy, we compared the performance of annexin V-FITC and calcein-AM for early detection of apoptosis in living adherent cells. Experiments were carried out on two distinct cell lines, PC 12 and NIH3T3, endowed with different shape and adhesion properties. The apoptotic process was followed for a prolonged period in the same cells of a predetermined field by means of a special flow chamber. Ou

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15

Aziz Ur Rahman, Zahoor Islam, Abid Ullah, Muhammad Irfan, Saeed Ahmad, and Sheikh Abdur Rashid. "Comparative Viability Analysis of Monolayer Cell Suspension and Multicellular Tumor Spheroids as an In-vitro Tumor Model." Indus Journal of Bioscience Research 3, no. 3 (2025): 613–18. https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i3.924.

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Background: Monolayer cell suspension has been used as an in-vitro model for investigating cells characteristics, drug penetration, and tissue research. 3-D multicellular tumor spheroids (3-D MCTS) have attained focus of researchers from the last three decades as a more valuable tool to study tumor biology. The superiority of MCTS has been elucidated here along with the effect of disaggregated spheroids. Method: The cellular differentiating fluorophores; calcein-AM and Propidium Iodide (PI) have been exploited for cells viability characteristics, where calcein-AM penetrate viable proliferating

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16

Iwanowicz, Luke R., Christine L. Densmore, and Christopher A. Ottinger. "Calcein AM release-based cytotoxic cell assay for fish leucocytes." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 16, no. 2 (2004): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1050-4648(03)00056-1.

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17

Xiu Ming Wang, Paul I. Terasaki, George W. Rankin, David Chia, Hui Ping Zhong, and Steven Hardy. "A new microcellular cytotoxicity test based on calcein AM release." Human Immunology 37, no. 4 (1993): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-8859(93)90510-8.

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18

Yin, Qiuyue, Maiqian Nie, Zhenjun Diwu, et al. "Establishment and application of a novel fluorescence-based analytical method for the rapid detection of viable bacteria in different samples." Analytical Methods 12, no. 31 (2020): 3933–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ay01247e.

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A rapid method for readily detecting the numbers of viable bacterial cells in numerous samples (surface water, solid inoculants and soil samples) is reported using a newly developed hand-held fluorometer and a fluorescent dye Calcein UltraGreen™ AM.

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19

Абакушина, Е. В., Ю. В. Гельм та А. С. Миценык. "Флуоресцентный микроскопический анализ жизнеспособности ооцитов млекопитающих после витрификации-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-". Журнал технической физики 126, № 5 (2019): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.05.47660.9-19.

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AbstractThe paper reports the results of a fluorescent microscopy analysis of the viability of oocytes from cattle and pigs after vitrification. Oocytes were frozen in a vitrification media containing varying concentrations of cryoprotectors in several steps with subsequent vitrification. After cryobank storage for 14 days, experimental samples were thawed and oocyte viability was analyzed by oocyte morphology assessment and fluorescent microscopy. Two different kits were used to stain oocytes, one specific for necrosis/apoptosis (Propidium iodide/Alexa Fluor 488 Annexin) and the other specifi

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20

Seksek, O., and J. Bolard. "Nuclear pH gradient in mammalian cells revealed by laser microspectrofluorimetry." Journal of Cell Science 109, no. 1 (1996): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.109.1.257.

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Intracellular pH has been measured by laser microspectrofluorimetry, using the pH-sensitive dyes SNARF-1, SNARF-calcein and SNARF-1-dextran. By this technique it was possible to accurately determine pH in volumes as small as 0.5 × 0.5 × 1 microns 3. The probes were loaded into the cells either by diffusion of their acetoxymethylester derivatives (SNARF-1-AM, SNARF-calcein-AM) or by microinjection (SNARF-1-dextran). When the five types of cells were studied in RPMI medium, the nuclear pH was consistently found to be 0.3 to 0.5 units above that of the cytosol. Although the presence of pores in t

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21

Woollacott, Anthony J., and Peter B. Simpson. "High Throughput Fluorescence Assays for the Measurement of Mitochondrial Activity in Intact Human Neuroblastoma Cells." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 6, no. 6 (2001): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108705710100600607.

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The mitochondrial permeability transition event is implicated in the activation phase of apoptosis and necrosis, and is therefore postulated to play a role in many disease states. Mitochondrial permeability transition is therefore of increasing pharmaceutical interest. Drug discovery requires the rapid screening of compound libraries to identify functionally active ligands. We report the development of two fluorescence-based approaches for screening compound libraries for effects on mitochondrial function. These assays use the fluorometric imaging plate reader in 96-well format, and two commer

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22

Soe-Lin, Shan, Joan L. Buss, Evelyn Tang, and Prem Ponka. "Calcein and the Labile Iron Pool." Blood 108, no. 11 (2006): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1546.1546.

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Abstract The labile iron pool is a putative cytosolic compartment of loosely bound, redox-active, chelator-accessible iron. Iron contained within this pool is thought to influence the activity of iron regulatory proteins (IRPs), which bind to iron response elements (IRE) during low iron conditions; this association blocks the translation of ferritin mRNA, and stabilizes transferrin receptor mRNA. High levels of labile iron have been shown to promote oxidative stress. As this pool has such profound effects upon cellular iron homeostasis, there has been great interest in the development of metho

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23

Nascimento, Danisvânia R., Venância A. N. Azevedo, Pedro A. A. Barroso, et al. "Effects of N-acetylcysteine on Growth, Viability, and Ultrastructure of In Vitro Cultured Bovine Secondary Follicles." Animals 12, no. 22 (2022): 3190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12223190.

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the growth, antrum formation, viability, and ultrastructure of bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro for 18 days. To this end, the follicles were cultured in TCM-199+ medium alone or supplemented with 1.0, 5.0, or 25.0 mM NAC. Follicular growth, antrum formation, viability (calcein-AM and ethidium homodimer-1) and ultrastructure were evaluated at the end of culture period. The results showed that 1.0 mM NAC increased the percentage of growing follicles and the fluorescence intensity for

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24

Hiraoka, Yoshinori, and Kazuhide Kimbara. "Rapid Assessment of the Physiological Status of the Polychlorinated Biphenyl Degrader Comamonas testosteroni TK102 by Flow Cytometry." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 4 (2002): 2031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.4.2031-2035.2002.

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ABSTRACT The viability of the polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading bacterium Comamonas testosteroni TK102 was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM) with the fluorogenic ester Calcein-AM (CAM) and the nucleic acid dye propidium iodide (PI). CAM stained live cells, whereas PI stained dead cells. When double staining with CAM and PI was performed, three physiological states, i.e., live (calcein positive, PI negative), dead (calcein negative, PI positive), and permeabilized (calcein positive, PI positive), were detected. To evaluate the reliability of this double-staining method, suspensions of live and

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Neri, Simona, Erminia Mariani, Alessandra Meneghetti, Luca Cattini, and Andrea Facchini. "Calcein-Acetyoxymethyl Cytotoxicity Assay: Standardization of a Method Allowing Additional Analyses on Recovered Effector Cells and Supernatants." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 8, no. 6 (2001): 1131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.8.6.1131-1135.2001.

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ABSTRACT Cytotoxicity assays provide an in vitro evaluation of the lytic activity of NK and T cells against tumors or transformed cells. However, none of these methods allow the recovery of cells or supernatants after the assay. We standardized a microcytotoxicity test using calcein-acetoxymethyl (calcein-AM) dye that requires very small quantities of cells while maintaining the same sensitivity as the traditional 51Cr assay. The assay is applicable to resting as well as activated human effector cells and uses different targets such as human cell lines that are adherent or growing in suspensio

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26

Chu, Kiki, and Sam W. Lee. "Revisiting calcein AM: Alternative tool for identifying dye-effluxing cancer stem cells?" Cancer Biology & Therapy 8, no. 22 (2009): 2205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cbt.8.22.10714.

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27

Sugisawa, Norihiko, Shinobu Ohnuma, Takayuki Doi, and Michiaki Unno. "Abstract 3102: A high-throughput screening method for discovering potent P-glycoprotein modulators from the chemical library in Tohoku University." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (2024): 3102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-3102.

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Abstract Background: Drug development is important for cancer therapy to improve patient outcomes. In most cases, drug development starts in discovering candidate compounds from a chemical library in high-throughput screening (HTS). Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science owns the original chemical library consisting of thousands of original chemical compounds. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a major drug efflux transporter mediates multi-drug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. Therefore, P-gp modulators could revere MDR and increase chemosensitivity. The aim of this study is to reve

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Szerémy, Péter, Ákos Pál, Dóra Méhn, et al. "Comparison of 3 Assay Systems Using a Common Probe Substrate, Calcein AM, for Studying P-gp Using a Selected Set of Compounds." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 16, no. 1 (2010): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057110385230.

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The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) transporter is the most abundantly investigated adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter protein. Multiple assay systems were developed to study MDR1-mediated transport and possible drug-drug interactions. Yet, as different probe substrates are used in these assays, it is difficult to directly compare the results. In this study, a common probe substrate was applied in 3 assay systems developed to study MDR1: the cellular dye efflux assay, the ATPase assay, and the vesicular transport assay. This probe substrate is calcein acetoxy

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29

Slayman, C. L., V. V. Moussatos, and W. W. Webb. "Endosomal accumulation of pH indicator dyes delivered as acetoxymethyl esters." Journal of Experimental Biology 196, no. 1 (1994): 419–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.196.1.419.

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Intracellular distributions of the putative cytosolic pH indicator dyes BCECF [2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(and 6)-carboxyfluorescein], C.SNARF [5(and 6)-carboxy-seminaphthorhodafluor-1], and C.SNARF-calcein have been examined in Neurospora crassa and in murine fibroblasts (NIH-3T3 cells) under conditions in which both kinds of cells produce visible microscopic vacuoles. All three dyes were administered in electroneutral forms, with the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups esterified (designated as -AM esters). As judged qualitatively from fluorescence levels, hydrolytic derivatives of the two heavily

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Savill, John, Simon Brown, and Paul Hartley. "The death of human platelets during incubation in citrated plasma involves shedding of CD42b and aggregation of dead platelets." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 95, no. 01 (2006): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th05-06-0403.

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SummaryThe ability to readily identify dead platelets is invaluable to studies examining the means of their death, factors affecting their lifespan and their means of clearance by phagocytes. The aim of the present work was to develop a vital staining procedure for the rapid and objective discrimination of live from dead platelets that accrued in citrated platelet rich plasma (cPRP) incubated at 37°C for several days. By transmission electron microscopy it was noted that platelet death was morphologically similar to necrosis and associated with aggregate formation. The vital dyes calcein-AM an

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Metelitsa, Leonid S., Stephen D. Gillies, Michael Super, Hiroyuki Shimada, C. Patrick Reynolds та Robert C. Seeger. "Antidisialoganglioside/granulocyte macrophage–colony-stimulating factor fusion protein facilitates neutrophil antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and depends on FcγRII (CD32) and Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) for enhanced effector cell adhesion and azurophil granule exocytosis". Blood 99, № 11 (2002): 4166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v99.11.4166.

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Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), which is increased by the addition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). We sought to determine whether PMN ADCC also would be increased by the addition of an antibody/GM-CSF fusion protein and whether this would be associated with the up-regulation and activation of Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) and with azurophil granule exocytosis. ADCC against LA-N-1 human neuroblastoma cells was evaluated with 4-hour calcein acetoxymethyl ester (calcein-AM) microcytotoxicity assay, electron microscopy

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Liu, Wen, Zu Yong Wang, Pei Yin, Lei Ren, and Qi Qing Zhang. "Near-IR Sensitive Au-Au₂S Nanoparticles with Biocompatibility for Drug Delivery." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 1315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.1315.

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The near-infrared (NIR) sensitive Au-Au2S nanoparticles (NPs) have shown many advantages as potential drug delivery systems. To further investigate biological safety of Au-Au2S NPs, cytotoxicity was estimated by calcein AM/EthD-1 fluorescence staining and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. The effects of NPs on apoptosis of CHL cells were determined by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. It is evident that the Au-Au2S NPs are non-cytotoxic below IC50 dosage.

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Sasitharan, Keerthana, Hamzah Asad Iqbal, Foteini Bifsa, Aleksandra Olszewska, and Kenneth J. Linton. "ABCB1 Does Not Require the Side-Chain Hydrogen-Bond Donors Gln347, Gln725, Gln990 to Confer Cellular Resistance to the Anticancer Drug Taxol." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (2021): 8561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168561.

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The multidrug efflux transporter ABCB1 is clinically important for drug absorption and distribution and can be a determinant of chemotherapy failure. Recent structure data shows that three glutamines donate hydrogen bonds to coordinate taxol in the drug binding pocket. This is consistent with earlier drug structure-activity relationships that implicated the importance of hydrogen bonds in drug recognition by ABCB1. By replacing the glutamines with alanines we have tested whether any, or all, of Gln347, Gln725, and Gln990 are important for the transport of three different drug classes. Flow cyt

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Trečiokaitė, Lina, Yurii Tsybrii, Oleksii Nosko, and Lina Ragelienė. "Impact of Brake Wear Particles on Eukaryotic Cell Viability and Associated Oxidative Stress Responses." Lubricants 12, no. 12 (2024): 449. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12120449.

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In this study, the cytotoxic effects of brake wear particles (≥250 nm ceramic/ceramic wear particles (CCWPs) and ≤100 nm ceramic/steel wear particles (CSWPs)) and 100 nm iron (III) oxide ultrafine particles (IOUFPs) on human lung carcinoma (A549) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were investigated. Cell viability was determined using the MTT and Calcein AM methods. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations under exposure to the above particles in the concentration range of 10–8

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Cole, Stephanie D., Janna S. Madren-Whalley, Albert P. Li, Russell Dorsey, and Harry Salem. "High Content Analysis of an In Vitro Model for Metabolic Toxicity." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 19, no. 10 (2014): 1402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057114550399.

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In vitro models that accurately and rapidly assess hepatotoxicity and the effects of hepatic metabolism on nonliver cell types are needed by the U.S. Department of Defense and the pharmaceutical industry to screen compound libraries. Here, we report the first use of high content analysis on the Integrated Discrete Multiple Organ Co-Culture (IdMOC) system, a high-throughput method for such studies. We cultured 3T3-L1 cells in the presence and absence of primary human hepatocytes, and exposed the cultures to 4-aminophenol and cyclophosphamide, model toxicants that are respectively detoxified and

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Olson, Douglas P., Barbara J. Taylor, and S. Percy Ivy. "Detection of MRP functional activity: Calcein AM but not BCECF AM as a multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP1) substrate." Cytometry 46, no. 2 (2001): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.1072.

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Tiberghien, Françoise, and Francis Loor. "Ranking of P-glycoprotein substrates and inhibitors by a calcein-AM fluorometry screening assay." Anti-Cancer Drugs 7, no. 5 (1996): 568–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001813-199607000-00012.

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Yasmin, Nafisha, Alak Manna, Sritama D. Sarkar, et al. "Effectiveness of malabaricone-A in P-glycoprotein over-expressing cancer cell lines." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 5 (2019): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20191600.

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Background: A major impediment in treatment for cancers is resistance to chemotherapy and is primarily attributed to over-expression of efflux pumps. This study aimed to establish the cytotoxicity of malabaricone-A (MAL-A) in P-glycoprotein/multidrug resistance (P-gp/MDR) over-expressing hematopoietic cancer cell lines.Methods: Leukemia and multiple myeloma cell lines were indirectly evaluated for their P-gp/MDR status by examining Calcein-AM fluorescence and cell viability was assessed by the MTS-PMS assay.Results: The fluorescence of calcein was significantly decreased in three cell lines LP

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BUSTOS, PATRICIA L., ALINA E. PERRONE, NATALIA MILDUBERGER, MIRIAM POSTAN, and JACQUELINE BUA. "Oxidative stress damage in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is inhibited by Cyclosporin A." Parasitology 142, no. 8 (2015): 1024–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182015000232.

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SUMMARYCyclosporin A (CsA) specifically inhibits the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Opening of the mPTP, which is triggered by high levels of matrix [Ca2+] and/or oxidative stress, leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and thus to cell death by either apoptosis or necrosis. In the present study, we analysed the response of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote parasites to oxidative stress with 5 mm H2O2, by studying several features related to programmed cell death and the effects of pre-incubation with 1 μm of CsA. We evaluated TcPARP cleavage, DNA integrity, cytochrome c transloca

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De Gendt, C. M., L. S. De Clerck, C. H. Bridts, and W. J. Stevens. "The use of calcein acetomethylester (AM)-labelled polymorphonuclear cells in a polycarbonate filter chemotaxis assay." Clinica Chimica Acta 249, no. 1-2 (1996): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(96)06279-1.

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Bratosin, Daniela, Laura Mitrofan, Carmen Palii, Jérôme Estaquier, and Jean Montreuil. "Novel fluorescence assay using calcein-AM for the determination of human erythrocyte viability and aging." Cytometry Part A 66A, no. 1 (2005): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.20152.

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Oh, Hong Gi, Hyo Geun Nam, Kwang Hwan Jhee, Joon Mook Lim, and Kwang Soup Song. "Cytotoxicity Assessment of SH-SY5Y Cells Grown on Graphene Sheet." Advanced Materials Research 1110 (June 2015): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1110.311.

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We investigate the effect of cell culture conditions, using pristine graphene sheets as growth substrate, on the human nerve cell line (SH-SY5Y). In order to evaluate cell viability and morphology, we applied the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and fluorescence microscopy of cells stained with Hochest 33342 and Calcein AM. Human nerve cells exhibited 84% viability on pristine graphene sheets compared with control (cell culture polystyrene) after 3 days culturing. Fluorescence data showed that the presence of graphene did not influence cell morpholo

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Wang, Zhijun, Chen Xie, Maggie Chou, and Jijun Hao. "Allosteric Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Efflux by DMH1." Biomedicines 13, no. 8 (2025): 1798. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081798.

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Background/Objectives: P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, plays a key role in multidrug resistance by actively exporting chemotherapeutic agents and xenobiotics from cells. Overexpression of P-gp significantly reduces intracellular drug accumulation and compromises treatment efficacy. Despite extensive research, clinically approved P-gp inhibitors remain elusive due to toxicity, poor specificity, and limited efficacy. This study investigates DMH1, a selective type I BMP receptor inhibitor, as a novel P-gp inhibitor. Methods: DMH1 cytotoxicity was assessed in P-gp

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Chan, Leo, Kelsey McCulley, and Pinaki Banerjee. "A high-throughput image cytometry-based screening method for the detection of IL2-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cell-mediated cytotoxicity." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (2016): 143.11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.143.11.

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Abstract Cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays have been an important functional test for investigating the cytotoxic effect of immune effector on target cancer cells. Cytotoxicity assays have traditionally been performed using the 51Chromium (51Cr) release assay, which involves labeling the tumor cells (target) with radioisotopes. The 51Chromium release assay is highly hazardous, time-consuming, and can only acquire end point readout. Furthermore, it can generate inconsistent results due to batch variation, ability of the target cell for 51Cr uptake, and low sensitivity. In this work, we demonstr

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Li, Fang-Fang, Wei-Feng Tang, and Qiu-Fei Xie. "The viability of cell that encapsulated in calcium alginate hydrogel beads." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 29, no. 1 (2022): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0156.

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Abstract Objective To prove that calcium alginate beads can be used as scaffolds during in vitro culture. Methods Mouse preosteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) were encapsulated in calcium alginate hydrogel beads. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to assess cell viability at 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, and 21 days. Calcein-AM and propidium iodide (PI) were employed for live/dead staining. Results MC3T3-E1 cells were alive on day 21 and had the highest viability on day 14. Conclusion MC3T3-E1 cells could be encapsulated in calcium alginate hydrogel beads and cultured. Calcium alginate hydrogel beads

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Rywaniak, Joanna, Boguslawa Luzak, Dominika Dudzinska, et al. "The monitoring of the viability of blood platelets labelled with calcein AM under different experimental conditions." Vascular Pharmacology 56, no. 5-6 (2012): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2011.08.134.

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Braut-Boucher, Françoise, Jacqueline Pichon, Patrice Rat, Monique Adolphe, Michèle Aubery, and Jacqueline Font. "A non-isotopic, highly sensitive, fluorimetric, cell-cell adhesion microplate assay using calcein AM-labeled lymphocytes." Journal of Immunological Methods 178, no. 1 (1995): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(94)00239-s.

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Maw, May Phyu Thein, Nusara Piyapolrungroj, Panadda Phattanawasin, and Chanokporn Sukonphan. "Oxypeucedanin Hydrate: A Natural Furanocoumarin as P-Glycoprotein Substrate." Key Engineering Materials 914 (March 21, 2022): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-xetr55.

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Oxypeucedanin hydrate is a furanocoumarin widely found in various fruits and vegetables so it may interact with prescribed drugs leading to pharmacokinetic interaction. This study was conducted using in vitro cell culture model to investigate the role of oxypeucedanin hydrate on P-gp function. To evaluate the role of oxypeucedanin hydrate as a P-gp substrate, the bidirectional transport studies of oxypeucedanin hydrate were performed in LLC-PK1 and LLC-GA5-COL300. The corrected efflux ratio of oxypeucedanin hydrate was 3.3 ± 0.7, indicating that it was a P-gp substrate. Calcein AM uptakes perf

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Lazaro-Pacheco, D., and T. Holsgrove. "EVALUATION OF CELL VIABILITY IN LOW CELL DENSITY INTERVERTEBRAL DISC (IVD) TISSUE: TIPS AND TECHNICAL NOTES." Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_9 (2023): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.9.068.

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Little information exists when using cell viability assays to evaluate cells within whole tissue, particularly specific types such as the intervertebral disc (IVD). When comparing the reported methodologies and the protocols issued by manufacturers, the processing, working times, and dye concentrations vary significantly, making the assay's reproducibility a costly and time-consuming trial and error process. This study aims to develop a detailed step-by-step cell viability assay protocol for evaluating IVD tissue.IVDs were harvested from bovine tails (n=8) and processed at day 0 and after 7 da

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Mihai, Gratiela Livia, Ioana Anca Badarau, Cristian Scheau, Marius Toma Papacocea, and Ioana Raluca Papacocea. "Comparative Study of the Dyes Induced Citotoxicity in Cultures of Cerebelar Granular Neurons." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 7 (2019): 2439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.7.7357.

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Determining neural viability in cell cultures is an essential element in both fundamental and clinical research, including testing the efficacy of certain neuroprotective drug compounds. Therefore, for a more rigorous evaluation of neuronal death associated with either experimental conditions or experimental models of neurological diseases, it is important that the research method and especially the staining method does not produce additional neural injuries and does not change the number destroyed cells. In the present study we tested how several types of dyes: Trypan Blue (TB), Calcein AM, H

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