Journal articles on the topic 'Calcicolous forest'

Soil biodiversity is fundamental for ecosystems, ensuring many ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, soil formation, and organic carbon pool increase. Due to these roles, there is a need to study and completely understand how soil biodiversity is composed through different habitats. The aim of this study was to describe the edaphic soil community of the alpine environments belonging to the Gran Paradiso National Park, thus detecting if there are any correlation with environmental features. We studied soil fauna through environmental DNA metabarcoding. From eDNA metabarcoding, 18 families of arthropods were successfully detected, and their abundance expressed in terms of the relative frequency of sequences. Soil faunal communities of mixed coniferous forests were characterized by Isotomidae, Entomobriydae, Hypogastruridae, and Onychiuridae; while mixed deciduous forests were composed mostly by Isotomidae, Cicadidae, Culicidae, and Neelidae. Calcicolous and acidic grasslands also presented families that were not detected in forest habitats, in particular Scarabaeidae, Curculionidae, Brachyceridae, and had in general a more differentiated soil community. Results of the Canonical Component Analysis revealed that the main environmental features affecting soil community for forests were related to vegetation (mixed deciduous forests, tree basal area, tree biomass, Shannon index), soil (organic layers and organic carbon stock), and site (altitude); while for prairies, soil pH and slope were also significant in explaining soil community composition. This study provided a description of the soil fauna of alpine habitats and resulted in a description of community composition per habitat and the relation with the characteristic of vegetation, soil, and topographic features of the study area. Further studies are needed to clarify ecological roles and needs of these families and their role in ecosystem functioning.

The association Omphalodo nitidae-Coryletum avellanae was defined by assembling relevés on (mainly) Corylus avellana woods on nutrient-rich substrates in the westernmost part of the Cantabrian Range (NW Spain). However, a mesophytic oak forest dominated by Quercus robur (with noteworthy amount of Corylus avellana in the undercanopy) was selected as its holotype. The most common interpretation of this association in the subsequent literature has been as seral Corylus avellana forests. For this reason, we propose the application of article 53 of the ICPN (4^th ed.), which allows the name to be maintained with a new nomenclatural type based on the more recent interpretation of this syntaxon. (29) Omphalodo nitidae-Coryletum avellanae Amigo, G. Azcárate et Romero 1994, typus cons. propos. Typus: Amigo et al. (1994), table 2: rel. 4 (typus cons. propos.) Taxonomic reference: Castroviejo et al. (1986–2020). Syntaxonomic reference: Rivas-Martínez (2011). Abbreviations: ICPN = International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature.

Abstract A distinctive flora of 73 species of vascular plants and numerous bryophytes occurs in the ca. 20 km 2 of alpine tundra in the White Mountains, New Hampshire. The late- Quaternary distribution of these plants, many of which are disjuncts, was investigated by studies of pollen and plant macrofossils from lower Lakes of the Clouds (1 542 m) in the alpine zone of Mount Washington. Results were compared with pollen and macrofossils from lowland late-glacial deposits in western New England. Lowland paleofloras contained fossils of 43 species of vascular plants, 13 of which occur in the contemporary alpine flora of the White Mountains. A majority of species in the paleoflora has geographic affinities to Labrador, northern Québec, and Greenland, a pattern also apparent for mosses in the lowland deposits. The first macrofossils in lower Lakes of the Clouds were arctic-alpine mosses of acid soils. Although open-ground mosses and vascular plants continued to occur throughout the Holocene, indicating that alpine tundra persisted, fossils of a low-elevation moss Hylocomiastrum umbratum are evidence that forest (perhaps as krummholz) covered a greater area near the basin from 7 500 to 3 500 yBP. No calcicolous plants were recovered from sediments at lower Lakes of the Clouds. Climatic constraints on the alpine flora during the Younger Dryas oscillation and perhaps during other cold-climate events and intervening periods of higher temperature may have led to the loss of plant species in the White Mountain alpine zone. Late-glacial floras of lowland western New England were much richer than floras of areas above treeline during late-glacial time and at the present.

Cypress (Cupressus funebris Endl.) is an important tree species in the subtropical regions of China; it is also a major tree species for afforestation and forest land restoration under low-fertility soil conditions. Cypress is considered a calcicolous tree, and its growth and development can be promoted significantly by exchangeable calcium (Ca2+) in the soil. However, most of the subtropical regions have low-fertility acidic soils, in which Ca2+ gradually becomes a limiting element for Cypress growth. In this study, different concentrations of Ca2+ fertilizer were added under fertile soil (3 g·kg-1 NPK fertilizer added) and low-fertility soil (0 g·kg-1 NPK fertilizer added) conditions. Cypress clones responded differently to Ca2+ addition in different soil conditions. The seedling height and dry matter quality of Cypress in fertile soil were significantly greater than those in low-fertility soil, but plant height and dry biomass did not differ significantly among Ca2+ treatments. The accumulation efficiencies of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and Ca all differed significantly among the Ca2+ treatments. In low-fertility soil, the addition of 3 g·kg-1 Ca2+ significantly promoted development of roots 0.5–2 mm in diameter, and both the C1 and C2 clones achieved their highest N, P and Ca accumulation efficiencies. When the Ca2+ concentration increased to 6 g·kg-1, the seedling height, dry matter quality and root development were lower than those of the 3 g·kg-1 Ca2+ treatment. In the fertile soil, the addition of Ca2+ significantly inhibited development of roots 0.5–1 mm in diameter. The highest N accumulation efficiency was achieved under the 0 g·kg-1 Ca2+ treatment, and the highest Ca accumulation efficiency was achieved under the 6 g·kg-1 Ca2+ treatment. Seedling height, root dry weight, roots 0–1.5 mm in diameter and Ca accumulation showed a significant interaction effect between NPK fertilizer and Ca2+. Therefore, Ca accumulation was more efficient in low-fertility soils. Under low-fertility soil conditions, the addition of CaSO4 can promote the root development of seedlings and advance and prolong the fast growth period of seedling height. Cypress clones can be used as an important tree species for afforestation under low-fertility soil conditions, especially under calcareous soil conditions.

Amorphophallus calcicolus from the forest over karst of Bohol island, Central Visayas, Philippines is hereby described and illustrated. The species is closely related to A. longispathaceus but distinct in having shorter leaves, smaller male zone, depressed disk-shaped ovary, longer styles, ovoid or irregularly shaped warts inside the spathe base, and shallowly 2–3-lobed stigma. Due to anthropogenic factors and a relatively confined distribution, it is hereby proposed as Critically Endangered (CR) following IUCN guidelines.

Abstract A second version of the syntaxonomical classification of calcareous Norway spruce communities is presented for the region of Slovak Western Carpathians. Recent knowledge on delimitation of natural Norway spruce woodlands in Slovakia is summarized as well. As result, four in Slovakia traditionally recognized associations are distinguished: Seslerio caeruleae-Piceetum on the ecologically most extreme habitats, followed by Cirsio erisithalis-Piceetum (a replacement for pseudonymically used Cortuso matthioli-Piceetum), tall-forb community of Adenostylo alliariae-Piceetum and ca. species-poor low-forb community of Mnio spinosi-Piceetum (syn. Oxalido-Piceetum). Additionally, two new associations are differentiated: Fragario vescae-Piceetum ass. prov. standing between Cirsio-Piceetum and Adenostylo-Piceetum and acidified Hieracio murorum-Piceetum on deeper soils developed over rocks of the Mráznica formation. For nomenclatural reasons, new order Cortuso-Piceetalia is described for species-rich calcicolous communities of the class Vaccinio-Piceetea as well as subordinated new alliance Cortuso matthioli-Piceion for the supramontane calcicolous Norway spruce communities.

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of substrate heterogeneity on epiphytic bryophyte communities in northern hardwood forests of varying disturbance histories. Specifically, we compared bryophyte abundance (m2·ha–1) and community composition among partially cut; maturing, 90- to 100-year-old, even-aged; and old-growth northern hardwood stands in Adirondack Park, New York, U.S.A. Total bryophyte cover from 0 to 1.5 m above ground level on trees [Formula: see text]10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) did not differ among the three stand types. However, bryophyte community composition differed among host tree species and among stand types. Communities in partially cut and maturing stands were dominated by xerophytic bryophytes (Platygyrium repens, Frullania eboracensis, Hypnum pallescens, Brachythecium reflexum, Ulota crispa), while old-growth stands contained a greater representation of calcicoles and mesophytic species (Brachythecium oxycladon, Anomodon rugelii, Porella platyphylloidea, Anomodon attenuatus, Leucodon brachypus, Neckera pennata). This mesophyte-calcicole assemblage occurred in all stand types but was limited by the abundance of large-diameter (>50 cm DBH), thick-barked, hardwood host trees (Acer saccharum Marsh., Tilia americana L., Fraxinus americana L.). This study suggested that epiphytic bryophyte diversity can be sustained and enhanced in managed northern hardwood forests by maintaining host tree species diversity and retaining large or old, thick-barked residual hardwood stems when applying even-aged and uneven-aged silviculture systems.

Abstract To enhance our understanding of dietary adaptations in macaques we studied the diet of the Assamese macaque Macaca assamensis in limestone seasonal rain forests at Nonggang Nature Reserve, China from September 2005 to August 2006. Our results show that although macaques fed on many plant species, 85.2% of the diet came from only 12 species, of which a bamboo species, Indocalamus calcicolus contributed to 62% of the diet. Young leaves were staple food items (74.1% of the diet) for Assamese macaques at Nonggang, and constituted the bulk of monthly diets almost year-round, ranging from 44.9% (July) to 92.9% (May). Young parts of Indocalamus calcicolus unexpanded leaves contributed to a large proportion of the young leaf diet in most months. Fruit accounted for only 17.4% of the diet, with a peak of consumption in July. We suggest that this highly folivorous diet may be related to the long lean season of fruit availability in limestone habitats as well as the utilization of cliffs of low fruit availability.

Llavea Lag. is a genus of Cryptogrammoideae (Pteridaceae), whose only species is distributed from southern United States and Mexico to Guatemala and Costa Rica, although it lives mainly in Mesoamerica, inhabiting preferably calcicolous habitats associated with forests and mountains. The genus is easily recognized by the presence of fertile leaves hemi-dimorphic, with the fertile apical portion with longer and narrower segments than the sterile ones, with strongly revolute margin, and rhizome scales bicolorous, shiny, and black. This paper presents a revision of the genus, nomenclatural issues are resolved, and and palynological morphological diversity are reviewed, as well as its distribution, phenology, ecology, and applications, based on field and herbarium specimens studies. In addition, two names related to Llavea, Allosorus karwinskii Kunze and Ceratodactylis osmundioides J. Sm., were lectotypified.

Español. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un catálogo de la flora, de las comunidades vegetales y el estudio del dinamismo sucesional y del paisaje vegetal de la Sierra de Alcaparaín, que forma parte de una Zona de Especial Conservación (ZEC) situada en la provincia de Málaga (Andalucía, España). El macrobioclima es de tipo mediterráneo con termotipos termo y mesomediterráneo y ombrotipos seco y subhúmedo. El área de estudio está compuesta geológicamente por materiales calizo-dolomíticos, silíceos y peridotíticos, con elevadas pendientes y altitudes entre 400 y 1295 m. y se encuentra en la provincia fitogeográfica Bética (región Mediterránea), con los sectores Rondeño (zonas calizo-dolomíticas), Malacitano-Axarquiense (zonas silíceas) y Bermejense (zonas peridotíticas). El catálogo florístico se compone de 467 taxones, destacando el endemismo local Armeria grajoana y Centaurea carratracensis (VU), endémica del subsector Carratracense (sector Bermejense). Otros taxones interesantes son Linaria clementei (VU), Platycapnos tenuiloba subsp. parallela (VU), Polygala webbiana (única localidad europea), Salvia candelabrum (VU) y Sarcocapnos baetica subsp. baetica (VU). Son remarcables también un total de 7 serpentinófitos destacando Crepis bermejana, Galium boissieranum (VU) y G. viridiflorum (VU). Se han catalogado 28 comunidades y asociaciones vegetales, entre las que destacan como novedades sintaxonómicas la vegetación glerícola vivaz sobre peridotitas (Crambe filiformisCentaureetum carratracensis comb. nova et stat. nov.), los jarales silicícolas rondeños (Lavandulo stoechadisGenistetum equisetiformis ulicetosum baetici subass. nova), los pinares-sabinares mesomediterráneos (Pino halepensis-Juniperetum phoeniceae rhamnetosum myrtifoliae subass. nova) y los encinares edafoxerófilodolomitícolas (Rhamno myrtifoliae-Quercetum rotundifoliae ass. nova). El dinamismo sucesional se expresa en seis series de vegetación. Dos series climatófilas termo y mesomediterráneas de Quercus rotundifolia y de Quercus suber. Tres series edafoxerófilas: termo-mesomediterránea calcícola-dolomitícola de Pinus halepensis y Juniperus phoenicea, mesomediterránea dolomitícola de Quercus rotundifolia y serpentinícola con Juniperus oxycedrus. Existe también una serie edafohigrófila de saucedas (Salix pedicellata). En los frecuentes hábitats rupícolas se describen 3 complejos topogénicos (entre ellos uno con Saxifraga globulifera) y 2 glerícolas (uno sobre kakiritas con Linaria clementei y otro sobre serpentinas con Centaurea carratracensis). En la Sierra existen 8 grandes unidades de paisaje zonopotencial, caracterizados en gran medida por la presencia de Quercus rotundifolia y Q. suber, así como por gimnospermas como Pinus halepensis, Juniperus phoenicea y J. oxycedrus.English. The main objective of this work is to catalogue the flora and plant communities and to study the successional dynamics of the vegetation and landscape in the Alcaparain mountain range, which is part of a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) located in the province of Malaga (Andalusia, Spain). The macrobioclimate is Mediterranean with thermomediterranean and mesomediterranean thermotypes (vegetation belts) and dry and sub-humid ombrotypes. The study area is geologically composed of limestone-dolomitic materials, siliceous and ultramafic, with steep slopes and altitudes between 400 and 1295 m. and it is placed in the Betica phytogeographical province (Mediterranean region), with Rondeño sector (limestone-dolomite areas) Malacitano-Axarquiense sector (siliceous areas) and Bermejense sector (peridotite-ultramafic areas). The floristic list consists of 467 taxa, highlighting local endemism Armeria grajoana and Centaurea carratracensis (VU), this latter endemic to the Carratracense subsector (Bermejense sector). Other interesting taxa are Linaria clementei (VU), Platycapnostenuiloba subsp. parallela (VU), Polygala webbiana (unique European population), Salvia candelabrum (VU) and Sarcocapnos baetica subsp. baetica (VU). Also noteworthy are a total of 7 serpentinophytes highlighting Crepis bermejana, Galium boissieranum (VU) and G. viridiflorum (VU). 28 communities and plant associations have been catalogued, among which are new syntaxa as the perennial scree vegetation on peridotites (Crambe filiformisCentaureetum carratracensis comb. nova et stat. nov.), the silicicolous shrublands of Rondense subsector (Lavandulo stoechadis-Genistetum equisetiformis ulicetosum baetici subass. nova), the mesomediterranean pine-juniper open forest (Pino halepensis-Juniperetum phoeniceae rhamnetosum myrtifoliae subass. nova) and dolomitic edaphoxerophyllous oak shrublands (Rhamno myrtifoliae-Quercetum rotundifoliae ass. nova). The successional dynamism is expressed in six vegetation series. Two are thermo- and mesomediterranean climatophilous series of Quercus rotundifolia and Quercus suber respectively. Three are edaphoxerophyllous series: thermo-mesomediterranean calcicolous-dolomiticolous with Aleppo pine and Juniperus phoenicea, dolomiticolous mesomediterranean of Quercus rotundifolia and serpentinicolous with Juniperus oxycedrus. There is also one edaphohygrophyllous series of willow (Salix pedicellata). Vegetation of the frequent rocky and cliff habitats are described in three topogenous complexes (including one with Saxifraga globulifera) and two in screes (one on kakirite sands with Linaria clementei and another on serpentine small slopes with Centaurea carratracensis). In the Sierra there are eight large zonopotential units of landscape, mainly characterized by the presence of Quercus rotundifolia (and in a lesser extent, Q. suber) as well as gymnosperms as Aleppo pine, Juniperus phoenicea and J. oxycedrus.

Español. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un catálogo de la flora, de las comunidades vegetales y el estudio del dinamismo sucesional y del paisaje vegetal de la Sierra de Alcaparaín, que forma parte de una Zona de Especial Conservación (ZEC) situada en la provincia de Málaga (Andalucía, España). El macrobioclima es de tipo mediterráneo con termotipos termo y mesomediterráneo y ombrotipos seco y subhúmedo. El área de estudio está compuesta geológicamente por materiales calizo-dolomíticos, silíceos y peridotíticos, con elevadas pendientes y altitudes entre 400 y 1295 m. y se encuentra en la provincia fitogeográfica Bética (región Mediterránea), con los sectores Rondeño (zonas calizo-dolomíticas), Malacitano-Axarquiense (zonas silíceas) y Bermejense (zonas peridotíticas). El catálogo florístico se compone de 467 taxones, destacando el endemismo local Armeria grajoana y Centaurea carratracensis (VU), endémica del subsector Carratracense (sector Bermejense). Otros taxones interesantes son Linaria clementei (VU), Platycapnos tenuiloba subsp. parallela (VU), Polygala webbiana (única localidad europea), Salvia candelabrum (VU) y Sarcocapnos baetica subsp. baetica (VU). Son remarcables también un total de 7 serpentinófitos destacando Crepis bermejana, Galium boissieranum (VU) y G. viridiflorum (VU). Se han catalogado 28 comunidades y asociaciones vegetales, entre las que destacan como novedades sintaxonómicas la vegetación glerícola vivaz sobre peridotitas (Crambe filiformisCentaureetum carratracensis comb. nova et stat. nov.), los jarales silicícolas rondeños (Lavandulo stoechadisGenistetum equisetiformis ulicetosum baetici subass. nova), los pinares-sabinares mesomediterráneos (Pino halepensis-Juniperetum phoeniceae rhamnetosum myrtifoliae subass. nova) y los encinares edafoxerófilodolomitícolas (Rhamno myrtifoliae-Quercetum rotundifoliae ass. nova). El dinamismo sucesional se expresa en seis series de vegetación. Dos series climatófilas termo y mesomediterráneas de Quercus rotundifolia y de Quercus suber. Tres series edafoxerófilas: termo-mesomediterránea calcícola-dolomitícola de Pinus halepensis y Juniperus phoenicea, mesomediterránea dolomitícola de Quercus rotundifolia y serpentinícola con Juniperus oxycedrus. Existe también una serie edafohigrófila de saucedas (Salix pedicellata). En los frecuentes hábitats rupícolas se describen 3 complejos topogénicos (entre ellos uno con Saxifraga globulifera) y 2 glerícolas (uno sobre kakiritas con Linaria clementei y otro sobre serpentinas con Centaurea carratracensis). En la Sierra existen 8 grandes unidades de paisaje zonopotencial, caracterizados en gran medida por la presencia de Quercus rotundifolia y Q. suber, así como por gimnospermas como Pinus halepensis, Juniperus phoenicea y J. oxycedrus.English. The main objective of this work is to catalogue the flora and plant communities and to study the successional dynamics of the vegetation and landscape in the Alcaparain mountain range, which is part of a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) located in the province of Malaga (Andalusia, Spain). The macrobioclimate is Mediterranean with thermomediterranean and mesomediterranean thermotypes (vegetation belts) and dry and sub-humid ombrotypes. The study area is geologically composed of limestone-dolomitic materials, siliceous and ultramafic, with steep slopes and altitudes between 400 and 1295 m. and it is placed in the Betica phytogeographical province (Mediterranean region), with Rondeño sector (limestone-dolomite areas) Malacitano-Axarquiense sector (siliceous areas) and Bermejense sector (peridotite-ultramafic areas). The floristic list consists of 467 taxa, highlighting local endemism Armeria grajoana and Centaurea carratracensis (VU), this latter endemic to the Carratracense subsector (Bermejense sector). Other interesting taxa are Linaria clementei (VU), Platycapnostenuiloba subsp. parallela (VU), Polygala webbiana (unique European population), Salvia candelabrum (VU) and Sarcocapnos baetica subsp. baetica (VU). Also noteworthy are a total of 7 serpentinophytes highlighting Crepis bermejana, Galium boissieranum (VU) and G. viridiflorum (VU). 28 communities and plant associations have been catalogued, among which are new syntaxa as the perennial scree vegetation on peridotites (Crambe filiformisCentaureetum carratracensis comb. nova et stat. nov.), the silicicolous shrublands of Rondense subsector (Lavandulo stoechadis-Genistetum equisetiformis ulicetosum baetici subass. nova), the mesomediterranean pine-juniper open forest (Pino halepensis-Juniperetum phoeniceae rhamnetosum myrtifoliae subass. nova) and dolomitic edaphoxerophyllous oak shrublands (Rhamno myrtifoliae-Quercetum rotundifoliae ass. nova). The successional dynamism is expressed in six vegetation series. Two are thermo- and mesomediterranean climatophilous series of Quercus rotundifolia and Quercus suber respectively. Three are edaphoxerophyllous series: thermo-mesomediterranean calcicolous-dolomiticolous with Aleppo pine and Juniperus phoenicea, dolomiticolous mesomediterranean of Quercus rotundifolia and serpentinicolous with Juniperus oxycedrus. There is also one edaphohygrophyllous series of willow (Salix pedicellata). Vegetation of the frequent rocky and cliff habitats are described in three topogenous complexes (including one with Saxifraga globulifera) and two in screes (one on kakirite sands with Linaria clementei and another on serpentine small slopes with Centaurea carratracensis). In the Sierra there are eight large zonopotential units of landscape, mainly characterized by the presence of Quercus rotundifolia (and in a lesser extent, Q. suber) as well as gymnosperms as Aleppo pine, Juniperus phoenicea and J. oxycedrus.

Español. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un catálogo de la flora, de las comunidades vegetales y el estudio del dinamismo sucesional y del paisaje vegetal de la Zona de Especial Conservación (ZEC) Sierra de Camarolos (ES6170012), situada en la provincia de Málaga (Andalucía, España) con una superficie de 8.691 Ha. Presenta macrobioclima de tipo mediterráneo con termotipos meso y supramediterráneo y ombrotipos subhúmedo y húmedo. Está compuesta litológicamente de modo mayoritario por materiales calizo-dolomíticos, arcillosos y margo-yesíferos, con relieve kárstico y ondulado-escarpado y altitudes entre 500 y 1640 m. Se encuentra en la provincia fitogeográfica Bética (región Mediterránea), sector Antequerano, subsector Antequerano (zonas margo-yesíferas) y subsector Torcalense (zonas calizodolomíticas). El catálogo florístico se compone de 879 taxones, destacando la presencia de numerosas especies amenazadas y/o legalmente protegidas a nivel autonómico como Narcissus pseudonarcissus subsp. nevadensis, Narcissus assoanus, Festuca elegans, Amelanchier ovalis, Prunus insititia, P. mahaleb, Sorbus aria, Hieracium texedense, Scrophularia viciosoi, Quercus faginea subsp. alpestris, Sarcocapnos baetica y Saxifraga biternata. Otras especies de interés son nuevas citas a nivel fitogeográfico y/o provincial. Se han catalogado 73 comunidades y asociaciones vegetales, entre las que destacan como novedades sintaxonómicas una nueva subalianza (Fumano hispidulae-Hippocrepidenion bourgaei suball. nova) y 5 nuevas asociaciones: la vegetación rupícola orófila sobre dolomías (Hieracietum baetici-texedensis ass. nova), los cardales verticícolas temporihigrófilos (Eryngio aquifolii-Cynaretum baeticae ass. nova), los majadales basófilos (Thrincio hispidae-Poetum bulbosae ass. nova), los albaidares gipsícolas (Hippocrepido bourgaei-Anthyllidetum cytisoidis ass. nova) y los piornales xeroacánticos supra-mesomediterráneos (Festuco segimonensis-Erinaceetum anthyllidis ass. nova). También se proponen 3 nuevas subasociaciones: espartal termófilo (Thymo gracilis-Stipetum tenacissimae thymetosum capitati subass. nova), vallicares (Gaudinio fragilis-Agrostietum castellanae festucetosum amplae subass. nova) y encinares mesomediterráneos termófilos (Paeonio coriaceae-Quercetum rotundifoliae pistacietosum lentisci subass. nova). El dinamismo sucesional se expresa en 8 series de vegetación. 3 series climatófilas: una mesomediterránea de Quercus rotundifolia, y 2 de Quercus faginea, respectivamente antequerana y torcalense. 3 series edafoxerófilas puntuales: una termófila subrupícola de Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris, otra karsticícola más ombrófila de Pistacia terebinthus y una gipsícola de Pinus halepensis. Existen también una serie edafohigrófila de fresnedas (Fraxinus angustifolia) y otra de adelfar (Nerium oleander). En los frecuentes hábitats rocosos y de gleras se describen 2 geopermaseries: una calcícola caracterizada por Saxifraga biternata, S. reuteriana y S. camposii y otra dolomitícola con Hieracium texedense e H. baeticum y, muy escaso, con Sarcocapnos baetica. Las geopermaseries dulceacuícolas lagunares están caracterizadas por R. peltatus subsp. saniculifolius y subsp. peltatus, Zannichellia palustris y Chara vulgaris subsp. crassicaulis. Finalmente la geopermaserie temporihigrófila de suelos vérticos se caracteriza por Eryngium caespitiferum, Phalaris caerulescens y Festuca ampla. En la ZEC existen 15 grandes unidades de paisaje zonopotencial, caracterizados en gran medida, y en el caso de los bosques, por la presencia de Quercus rotundifolia y Q. faginea, con diferencias entre el paisaje vegetal de los dos subsectores de la ZEC, Torcalense y Antequerano.English. The objective of this work is to catalogue the flora and plant communities and studying the successional dynamism of the vegetation and the landscape of the Special Conservation Zone (ZEC) Sierra de Camarolos (ES6170012) which is located in the province of Malaga (Andalusia, Spain) with an area of 8.691 Ha. The macrobioclimate is Mediterranean with mesomediterranean and supramediterranean thermotypes (vegetation belts) and subhumid-humid ombrotypes. Geologically, dominant rocks are limestone and dolomite, clays and gypsum, with karstic and wavy-steep relief and altitudes between 500 and 1640 m. The ZEC is placed in the Baetica phytogeographical province (Mediterranean Region) included in the Antequerano sector with differentiated areas: Antequerano subsector (clays-gypsum substrates) and Torcalense subsector (limestones and dolomites substrates). The floristic list consists of 879 taxa, emphasizing the presence of numerous threatened and / or legally protected species at the regional level such as Narcissus pseudonarcissus subsp. nevadensis, Narcissus assoanus, Festuca elegans, Amelanchier ovalis, Prunus insititia, P. mahaleb, Sorbus aria, Hieracium texedense, Scrophularia viciosoi, Quercus faginea subsp. alpestris, Sarcocapnos baetica and Saxifraga biternata. Other species of interest are new records at the phytogeographical and/ or provincial level. A total of 73 plant communities and associations have been catalogued, including syntaxonomic novelties as a new suballiance (Fumano hispidulae-Hippocrepidenion bourgaei subal. nova) and 5 new associations: rupicolous vegetation on dolomites (Hieracietum baetici-texedensis ass. nova), tall-herb nitrophilous vegetation on clay temporarily wet soils ((Eryngio aquifolii-Cynaretum baeticae ass. nova), basophyllous pastures (Thrincio hispidae-Poetum bulbosae ass. nova), gypsicolous shrublands (Hippocrepido bourgaei-Anthyllidetum cytisoidis ass. nova) and supra-mesomediterranean cushion shrublands (Festuco segimonensis-Erinaceetum anthyllidis ass. nova). Moreover, 3 new subassociations are proposed: thermophyllous graminoid perennial vegetation (Thymo gracilis-Stipetum tenacissimae thymetosum capitati subass. nova), wet meadows (Gaudinio fragilis-Agrostietum castellanae festucetosum amplae subass. nova) and low mesomediterranean oak forests (Paeonio coriaceae-Quercetum rotundifoliae pistacietosum lentisci subass. nova). Succesional dynamism of plant communities is expressed in 8 vegetation series. 3 series are climatophilous: one mesomediterranean of Quercus rotundifolia and two of Quercus faginea. 3 series are edaphoxerophilous: one thermophilic subrupicolous of Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris, one karstic ombrophile of Pistacia terebinthus and one on gypsum soils of Pinus halepensis. There are also 2 edaphohygrophyllous series: one of Fraxinus angustifolia and another one of Nerium oleander. In the frequent rocky and stony ground habitats, 2 geopermaseries are described: a calcicolous one, characterized by Saxifraga biternata, S. reuteriana and S. camposii and another dolomiticolous one, with Hieracium texedense and H. baeticum and, very scarce, with Sarcocapnos baetica. The freshwater ponds geopermaseries are characterized by Ranunculus peltatus, subsp. saniculifolius and subsp. peltatus, Zannichellia palustris and Chara vulgaris subsp. crassicaulis. Finally, the temporary hygrophilic geopermaserie of clay soils is characterized by Eryngium caespitiferum, Phalaris caerulescens and Festuca ampla. In the ZEC there are 15 large zonopotential landscape units, characterized to a great extent, and in the case of forests, by the presence of Quercus rotundifolia and Q. faginea, with differences between the vegetation landscape of the two subsectors of the ZEC, Torcalense and Antequerano.

Español. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un catálogo de la flora, de las comunidades vegetales y el estudio del dinamismo sucesional y del paisaje vegetal de la Zona de Especial Conservación (ZEC) Sierra de Camarolos (ES6170012), situada en la provincia de Málaga (Andalucía, España) con una superficie de 8.691 Ha. Presenta macrobioclima de tipo mediterráneo con termotipos meso y supramediterráneo y ombrotipos subhúmedo y húmedo. Está compuesta litológicamente de modo mayoritario por materiales calizo-dolomíticos, arcillosos y margo-yesíferos, con relieve kárstico y ondulado-escarpado y altitudes entre 500 y 1640 m. Se encuentra en la provincia fitogeográfica Bética (región Mediterránea), sector Antequerano, subsector Antequerano (zonas margo-yesíferas) y subsector Torcalense (zonas calizodolomíticas). El catálogo florístico se compone de 879 taxones, destacando la presencia de numerosas especies amenazadas y/o legalmente protegidas a nivel autonómico como Narcissus pseudonarcissus subsp. nevadensis, Narcissus assoanus, Festuca elegans, Amelanchier ovalis, Prunus insititia, P. mahaleb, Sorbus aria, Hieracium texedense, Scrophularia viciosoi, Quercus faginea subsp. alpestris, Sarcocapnos baetica y Saxifraga biternata. Otras especies de interés son nuevas citas a nivel fitogeográfico y/o provincial. Se han catalogado 73 comunidades y asociaciones vegetales, entre las que destacan como novedades sintaxonómicas una nueva subalianza (Fumano hispidulae-Hippocrepidenion bourgaei suball. nova) y 5 nuevas asociaciones: la vegetación rupícola orófila sobre dolomías (Hieracietum baetici-texedensis ass. nova), los cardales verticícolas temporihigrófilos (Eryngio aquifolii-Cynaretum baeticae ass. nova), los majadales basófilos (Thrincio hispidae-Poetum bulbosae ass. nova), los albaidares gipsícolas (Hippocrepido bourgaei-Anthyllidetum cytisoidis ass. nova) y los piornales xeroacánticos supra-mesomediterráneos (Festuco segimonensis-Erinaceetum anthyllidis ass. nova). También se proponen 3 nuevas subasociaciones: espartal termófilo (Thymo gracilis-Stipetum tenacissimae thymetosum capitati subass. nova), vallicares (Gaudinio fragilis-Agrostietum castellanae festucetosum amplae subass. nova) y encinares mesomediterráneos termófilos (Paeonio coriaceae-Quercetum rotundifoliae pistacietosum lentisci subass. nova). El dinamismo sucesional se expresa en 8 series de vegetación. 3 series climatófilas: una mesomediterránea de Quercus rotundifolia, y 2 de Quercus faginea, respectivamente antequerana y torcalense. 3 series edafoxerófilas puntuales: una termófila subrupícola de Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris, otra karsticícola más ombrófila de Pistacia terebinthus y una gipsícola de Pinus halepensis. Existen también una serie edafohigrófila de fresnedas (Fraxinus angustifolia) y otra de adelfar (Nerium oleander). En los frecuentes hábitats rocosos y de gleras se describen 2 geopermaseries: una calcícola caracterizada por Saxifraga biternata, S. reuteriana y S. camposii y otra dolomitícola con Hieracium texedense e H. baeticum y, muy escaso, con Sarcocapnos baetica. Las geopermaseries dulceacuícolas lagunares están caracterizadas por R. peltatus subsp. saniculifolius y subsp. peltatus, Zannichellia palustris y Chara vulgaris subsp. crassicaulis. Finalmente la geopermaserie temporihigrófila de suelos vérticos se caracteriza por Eryngium caespitiferum, Phalaris caerulescens y Festuca ampla. En la ZEC existen 15 grandes unidades de paisaje zonopotencial, caracterizados en gran medida, y en el caso de los bosques, por la presencia de Quercus rotundifolia y Q. faginea, con diferencias entre el paisaje vegetal de los dos subsectores de la ZEC, Torcalense y Antequerano.English. The objective of this work is to catalogue the flora and plant communities and studying the successional dynamism of the vegetation and the landscape of the Special Conservation Zone (ZEC) Sierra de Camarolos (ES6170012) which is located in the province of Malaga (Andalusia, Spain) with an area of 8.691 Ha. The macrobioclimate is Mediterranean with mesomediterranean and supramediterranean thermotypes (vegetation belts) and subhumid-humid ombrotypes. Geologically, dominant rocks are limestone and dolomite, clays and gypsum, with karstic and wavy-steep relief and altitudes between 500 and 1640 m. The ZEC is placed in the Baetica phytogeographical province (Mediterranean Region) included in the Antequerano sector with differentiated areas: Antequerano subsector (clays-gypsum substrates) and Torcalense subsector (limestones and dolomites substrates). The floristic list consists of 879 taxa, emphasizing the presence of numerous threatened and / or legally protected species at the regional level such as Narcissus pseudonarcissus subsp. nevadensis, Narcissus assoanus, Festuca elegans, Amelanchier ovalis, Prunus insititia, P. mahaleb, Sorbus aria, Hieracium texedense, Scrophularia viciosoi, Quercus faginea subsp. alpestris, Sarcocapnos baetica and Saxifraga biternata. Other species of interest are new records at the phytogeographical and/ or provincial level. A total of 73 plant communities and associations have been catalogued, including syntaxonomic novelties as a new suballiance (Fumano hispidulae-Hippocrepidenion bourgaei subal. nova) and 5 new associations: rupicolous vegetation on dolomites (Hieracietum baetici-texedensis ass. nova), tall-herb nitrophilous vegetation on clay temporarily wet soils ((Eryngio aquifolii-Cynaretum baeticae ass. nova), basophyllous pastures (Thrincio hispidae-Poetum bulbosae ass. nova), gypsicolous shrublands (Hippocrepido bourgaei-Anthyllidetum cytisoidis ass. nova) and supra-mesomediterranean cushion shrublands (Festuco segimonensis-Erinaceetum anthyllidis ass. nova). Moreover, 3 new subassociations are proposed: thermophyllous graminoid perennial vegetation (Thymo gracilis-Stipetum tenacissimae thymetosum capitati subass. nova), wet meadows (Gaudinio fragilis-Agrostietum castellanae festucetosum amplae subass. nova) and low mesomediterranean oak forests (Paeonio coriaceae-Quercetum rotundifoliae pistacietosum lentisci subass. nova). Succesional dynamism of plant communities is expressed in 8 vegetation series. 3 series are climatophilous: one mesomediterranean of Quercus rotundifolia and two of Quercus faginea. 3 series are edaphoxerophilous: one thermophilic subrupicolous of Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris, one karstic ombrophile of Pistacia terebinthus and one on gypsum soils of Pinus halepensis. There are also 2 edaphohygrophyllous series: one of Fraxinus angustifolia and another one of Nerium oleander. In the frequent rocky and stony ground habitats, 2 geopermaseries are described: a calcicolous one, characterized by Saxifraga biternata, S. reuteriana and S. camposii and another dolomiticolous one, with Hieracium texedense and H. baeticum and, very scarce, with Sarcocapnos baetica. The freshwater ponds geopermaseries are characterized by Ranunculus peltatus, subsp. saniculifolius and subsp. peltatus, Zannichellia palustris and Chara vulgaris subsp. crassicaulis. Finally, the temporary hygrophilic geopermaserie of clay soils is characterized by Eryngium caespitiferum, Phalaris caerulescens and Festuca ampla. In the ZEC there are 15 large zonopotential landscape units, characterized to a great extent, and in the case of forests, by the presence of Quercus rotundifolia and Q. faginea, with differences between the vegetation landscape of the two subsectors of the ZEC, Torcalense and Antequerano.

Summary Cola cheringoma is described from the limestone gorge forest of the Cheringoma Plateau in Sofala Province of Central Mozambique. Tentatively treated previously as C. clavata Mast., it differs in being restricted to limestone substrate, the leaves drying white-green below (not on sandy soils, drying dark grey-brown). The tepal number of female flowers is 5 (not (5 –) 6), staminode number 5 (not 8), and the indumentum of the outer perianth covers only 50 – 60% of the surface with two distinct hair classes (not 100% coverage with a single hair type). The species is assessed as EN B2ab(iii) using the IUCN 2012 standard due to threats from the low number of locations, quarrying, and habitat modification. The Cola species growing in forest on limestone in tropical Africa are mapped and reviewed with respect to their status as obligate or facultative calcicoles, and with respect to their probable evolutionary origin. Based on morphological characters, adaptation to limestone habitats has probably occurred at least four times in the genus. Forests on limestone are rare and threatened in tropical Africa: only thirteen locations are known with certainty: these occur in Kenya (10 locations), Tanzania (2 locations) and Mozambique (1 location).

AbstractThe flora of the White Carpathians, a mountain range in the south-east of the Czech Republic, is documented by about 485,000 records of vascular plant occurrences collected since the mid-19th century. A total of 1299 species recorded in 93 grid cells of 2.8 × 3.1 km were used for an analysis of spatial patterns of floristic diversity in the White Carpathians. Multivariate statistical techniques such as ordination and classification were used to reveal the main gradients in floristic composition and species richness, and measured environmental data and Ellenberg indicator values were used to assess underlying environmental factors. There is a striking floristic contrast between the western and eastern part of the study area, which is associated with differences in climate, mean altitude, topographic heterogeneity measured as altitudinal range, and land use. The western part is characterised by thermophilous, continental and calcicolous species of open habitats. In contrast, the more forested eastern part along the state border with Slovakia and the north-eastern part of the area are characterised by acidophilous species with higher moisture requirements. This pattern is consistent with the established phytogeographical division of the Czech Republic into the phytogeographical regions of Thermophyticum and Mesophyticum. The further division of the area into four regions, based on classified grid data, is also similar to the current division into phytogeographical districts, except for the Javorníky district. There are two distinct hot spots of species richness, in the western and the extreme north-eastern part. A poorer flora was found in landscapes with intensive agriculture. Species richness is associated with different environmental factors than species composition, namely with soil types and land-use categories. Alien species are more common in areas with a higher incidence of arable land and built-up areas, and less common in areas dominated by grasslands and forests.