Relevant bibliographies by topics / Calcination of hydrailic lime

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Calcination of hydrailic lime'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Calcination of hydrailic lime"

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Leontakianakos, G., I. Baziotis, G. Ekonomou, G. Delagrammatikas, C. T. Galbenis, and S. Tsimas. "A CASE STUDY OF DIFFERENT LIMESTONES DURING QUICK LIME AND SLAKED-LIME PRODUCTION." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 5 (July 31, 2017): 2485. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11654.

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We have examined 5 different limestones in order to study their behavior i) during calcination at different temperatures (900, 1050 and 1200°C for 30 min) and ii) after hydration of quick limes derived to slaked lime. Quick limes calcined at 900°C show the lower reactivity values. This could be related to the low calcination temperature or to the short calcination time of 30 min which was unable to produce enough lime. The samples calcined at temperatures of 1200°C are less reactive compared to the hydrated limes which were prepared by hydration of quick lime calcined at 1050°C, indicating by parameters such as the (CaO+MgO)Lime, the time required to become the temperature maximum and the reactivity rate. These, probably could be due to crystal growth at relative high temperatures.
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Cao, Jian Xin, Fei Liu, Qian Lin, Yu Zhang, Yong Gang Dong, and Ling Ke Zeng. "Effect of Calcination Temperature on Mineral Composition of Carbide Slag, Lime Activity and Synthesized Xonotlite." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1545.

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The calcined carbide slag was used to prepare xonotlite by replacing quicklime as the calcareous materials. Effects of calcination temperature on the mineral composition of the carbide slag, lime activity and synthesized xonotlite were studied. The results indicated that carbide slag after proper calcination can be used to prepare xonotlite. Calcination temperature has no effect on the synthesized xonotlite, but has a great impact on lime activity and morphology of secondary particles of xonotlite.
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Zhongda, Tian, Li Shujiang, Wang Yanhong, and Wang Xiangdong. "SVM predictive control for calcination zone temperature in lime rotary kiln with improved PSO algorithm." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, no. 10 (September 18, 2017): 3134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331217716983.

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To improve the control performance of calcination zone temperature in a lime rotary kiln, a predictive control method based on a support vector machine (SVM) and improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed. As high-temperature thermal equipment, the lime rotary kiln requires accurate modelling because of its complex non-linearity and long delay characteristics. SVM has strong normalization and good learning ability compared with other modelling models such as neural network, partial least squares model and other non-linear regression models, which can avoid overfitting and local minimization problems. At the same time, it is sometimes difficult to obtain a large number of production sample data of lime rotary kiln. The modelling process based on SVM requires only a small amount of sample data. SVM is appropriate for the modelling of calcination zone temperature of the lime rotary kiln. The predictive control method in this paper utilizes SVM to establish a non-linear prediction model of calcination zone temperature of the lime rotary kiln. The calcination zone temperature can be achieved by output feedback of input control variables, the error and the error correction. The performance index function is established by the control deviations and control variables. An improved PSO algorithm with better convergence speed and accuracy is employed to obtain optimal control laws by rolling optimization. The stability of the control method has also been demonstrated. The proof process shows that the control method of this paper is asymptotically stable. The simulation results show that the prediction error of calcination zone temperature based on SVM is within ±20°C and the prediction accuracy is better. The model of calcination zone temperature in the lime rotary kiln based on SVM has good performance. The proposed predictive control method can make the output value of the calcination zone temperature of the lime rotary kiln fast and stable to track the change of the reference value. At the same time, in the presence of interference, the system can also track the reference value. The average single step rolling optimization time of the control variables needs to be 0.29 s, which can be used for the practical applications. The simulation results show that the proposed control method is effective.
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Yur'ev, Boris, and Vyacheslav Dudko. "Determination of Key Parameters Required to Optimize Calcination Process in Ferrous Metallurgy Heating Plants." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.282.

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Lime is the product of calcination. Its formation is always related to removal of carbon dioxide generated in the course of carbonate decomposition. Ferrous metallurgy, construction material, chemical and food industry companies account for about 90 % of lime produced in the country. Ferrous metallurgy is the major consumer of commercial lime using up to 40 % of all produced lime. Currently, despite occurrence of new binding and artificially produced chemical compounds, lime remains the major chemical compound produced by the industry in terms of output. Various units (shaft, rotary tubular kilns and fluidized bed kilns) are used for calcination. Shaft kilns are used the most widely. Considering continuously growing demand for lime, the need occurs for intensification of the burning process and optimization of the shaft kiln operating conditions. This requires knowledge of calcination physicochemical and heat transfer process mechanisms. Thus, the work deals with the issues related to determination of the optimal specific fuel consumption for burning of limestone from a particular deposit. It may be done only basing on thermal calculations for an operating shaft kiln, what, in its turn, causes the need for determination of the whole set of limestone and lime heat transfer properties. The obtained work results may be used to optimize the operating conditions of not only shaft but also rotary kilns intended for limestone heat treatment.
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Adimarta, Trian, and M. Nopriyanti. "CHARACTERIZATION OF CALCIUM (Ca) BY USING SPECTROFOTOMETER UV-Vis FROM SIRIHLIME WITH CALCINATION METHODS OF MANGROVE CLAMSHELL IN KETAPANG." JURNAL PERTANIAN 11, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jp.v11i1.2163.

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Clamshell is a solid waste generated by shells that are not utilized and cannot be consumed because they have hard properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the process of making sirihlime from mangrove shells using calcination method, characterizing calcium (Ca) using spectrophotometer UV-Vis.Method of making sirihlime from clamshell with calcination process. The calcination used was 1000oC for 3 hours, 800oC for 5 hours and 600oC for 7 hours. The results of the process of calcination of raw shells in the form of lime (CaO) and then added hot water to the Ca(OH)2 sirihlime was then characterized by calcium (Ca) using spectrophotometer UV-Vis 1800.Spectrofotometer UV-Vis of sirih lime demonstrated that maximum wavelength obtained is 529. The linier regression of the standart curve y = 1,021x + 1,6846 with a value of r2 = 0,7344. The calcium mineral from sirih lime at temperature 1000 oC for 3 hours an average of 1,536 mg/L, temperature 800oC for 5 hours an average of 2,2765 mg/L and temperature 600oC for 7 hours an average of 1,1159 mg/L.
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Leontakianakos, G., I. Baziotis, E. Profitis, E. Chatzitheodoridis, and S. Tsimas. "Assessment of the quality of calcination of marbles from Thassos Island using Raman spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 4 (September 5, 2013): 2040. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11088.

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The degree of calcination of a dolomitic and a calcitic marble from Thassos Island, was investigated, by combining both Raman spectroscopy (RS) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The samples were prepared in isometric 2 cm cubes and calcined at three different temperatures, 900, 1050 and 1200 0C for 2 hours in order to produce quick lime. RS was applied at the lime sample’s surface and inner (near core) part after gently crushing. XRD was applied on the bulk rock specimens in order to verify the transformation process during heating of the raw material. Quality control of the applied calcination procedure is provided through the hydration of quick lime. The rise in solution temperature suggests the chemical “reactivity” of the produced slaked lime. Raman and XRD results revealed the presence of unburned quantities of calcite and dolomite on samples that were calcined at 900 0C. Furthermore, temperatures of 1050 and 1200 0C have shown comparable mineralogical features signifying evenly the conversion of carbonate minerals to their oxide equivalents, proving the completion of the calcination process. Finally, reactivity tests showed that the highest reactivity value of the produced quicklime, for both marbles is observed at the temperature of 1050 0C.
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Meier, Anton, Enrico Bonaldi, Gian Mario Cella, and Wojciech Lipinski. "Multitube Rotary Kiln for the Industrial Solar Production of Lime." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 3 (April 29, 2005): 386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1979517.

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We designed and tested a scaleable solar multitube rotary kiln to effect the endothermic calcination reaction CaCO3→CaO+CO2 at above 1300K. The indirect heating 10-kW reactor prototype processes 1-5mm limestone particles, producing high purity lime of any desired reactivity and with a degree of calcination exceeding 98%. The reactor’s efficiency, defined as the enthalpy of the calcination reaction at ambient temperature (3184kJkg−1) divided by the solar energy input, reached 30%–35% for solar flux inputs of about 2000kWm−2 and for quicklime production rates up to 4kgh−1. The use of concentrated solar energy in place of fossil fuels as the source of process heat has the potential of reducing by 20% CO2 emissions in a state-of-the-art lime plant and by 40% in a conventional cement plant.
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Zhang, Li, Bo Gao, and Zeng Jun Bao. "Modeling Method Based on Subspace Identification for Lime Kiln Calcination Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 1882–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.1882.

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To deal with the modeling problem of the lime kiln calcination process, we propose a model describing the relationship between process states and outputs. By analyzing the strongly coupled features in the process, we construct a relationship model using subspace identification method which takes two inputs including the second air flow and gas flow, and two outputs including the calcining zone temperature and kiln tail temperature. The simulation shows that this model is of high accuracy for describing the characteristics of lime kiln calcination process.
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Chilakala, Ramakrishna, Thriveni Thenepalli, Seongho Lee, Hong Ha Thi Vu, Lai Quang Tuan, Jeongyun Kim, and Ji Whan Ahn. "Sequential In-Situ Carbonation Process for the Preparation of Hand Sheets with Waste Lime Mud." Reactions 1, no. 1 (June 17, 2020): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reactions1010002.

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In the pulp and paper industry, the white liquor obtained from the causticizing green liquor in the smelting process mostly contains NaOH and Na2S. These chemicals are returned to the digester for reuse in the pulping process. The lime mud (LM) material is obtained from the reaction of the causticization process in paper industries. It is mainly composed of CaCO3; it appears with a green color with a high moisture content; and it has a small proportion of impurities such as non-process elements, for example Fe, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, and S oxides and other toxic metals. This lime mud has poor whiteness with less efficiency due to its contaminated with impurities. The recycling or reutilizing process for lime mud and solid wastes are minimizing its toxic effect on the environment. The present study proposed to improve the whiteness of the waste lime mud by the calcination and hydration process at high temperatures and reutilizing it for hand sheets, making the process improve the paper brightness. In this study, we used a lime mud sample for calcination at 1000 °C and 1200 °C for 2 h and hydration at different times (3–24 h) with different temperatures (30–80 °C) and measured the powder whiteness and hand sheet brightness. The results indicated that after the calcination and hydration process, the lime mud sample whiteness was improved and that re-utilization with pulp for making hand sheets also can improve the paper brightness. It can be concluded that waste lime mud sample purification and the re-utilization process are more advantageous in paper industries.
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Ferraz, E., J. A. F. Gamelas, J. Coroado, C. Monteiro, and F. Rocha. "Exploring the potential of cuttlebone waste to produce building lime." Materiales de Construcción 70, no. 339 (July 20, 2020): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2020.15819.

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The goal of this study is to find a practicable way to recycle cuttlebone waste in the production of lime. It was studied the behavior of calcium oxide obtained from the calcination of this waste at 900, 1000 and 1100 ºC and, after wet slaking, the produced lime was characterized. All the results were compared to calcium oxide or to hydrated lime obtained from commercial limestone. According to the slaking results, the waste and the limestone calcined at 1000 ºC achieved the R4 (around 13 min to reach 60 ºC) and R5 (60 ºC in 25 s) reactiv­ity class, respectively. Changing the calcination temperature to 900 or 1100 ºC did not promote an increase in the reactivity of the calcined waste. Although less reactive than the calcined limestone, the calcined cuttlebone can be transformed without significant constraint into building lime, since this construction material fulfills the relevant physic-chemical standard specifications.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Calcination of hydrailic lime"

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Opravil, Tomáš. "Příprava a vlastnosti románského cementu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233293.

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The Ph.D. thesis deals with the preparation of highly hydraulic binders based on roman cement. Roman cement (natural cement) is recently not available on the market due to uneconomic production of such a specific binder. On the other hand there is a big lack of information on this hydraulic binder. These results in failure in meeting the basic principle of modern approaches to restoration of historical buildings or monuments made of such kind of materials, which is such, that the materials used for restoration should be compatible with original material. Recognition of the processes of roman cement preparation based on progressive methods of study can provide substantial information for more efficient raw material selection or even for nontraditional utilization, for example for artworks. This work hence is aimed at studying and selection of traditional natural as well as nontraditional raw materials such as clay. This work also studies the preparation of highly hydraulic binders based on roman cement and the kinetics of burning and hydration processes
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Huang, Jin-Mo. "Model Development for the Catalytic Calcination of Calcium Carbonate." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331193/.

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Lime is one of the largest manufactured chemicals in the United States. The conversion of calcium carbonate into calcium oxide is an endothermic reaction and requires approximately two to four times the theoretical quantity of energy predicted from thermodynamic analysis. With the skyrocketing costs of fossil fuels, how to decrease the energy consumption in the calcination process has become a very important problem in the lime industry. In the present study, many chemicals including lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, and calcium chloride have been proved to be the catalysts to enhance the calcination rate of calcium carbonate. By mixing these chemicals with pure calcium carbonate, these additives can increase the calcination rate of calcium carbonate at constant temperatures; also, they can complete the calcination of calcium carbonate at relatively low temperatures. As a result, the energy required for the calcination of calcium carbonate can be decreased. The present study has aimed at developing a physical model, which is called the extended shell model, to explain the results of the catalytic calcination. In this model, heat transfer and mass transfer are two main factors used to predict the calcination rate of calcium carbonate. By using the extended shell model, not only the catalytic calcination but also the inhibitive calcination of calcium carbonate have been explained.
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Björnwall, Erik. "Impact of calcination temperature and time on quicklime slaking reactivity." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184636.

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In this master thesis work calcination parameters' impact on the resulting quicklimes slaking reactivity is investigated. This is done by calcination of three different sedimentary limestones in an N2 atmosphere according to a design of experiment matrix. The limestones are from Wolica Poland, Slite Sweden and Jutjärn Sweden. The temperatures and residence times are varied between 1000ºC, 1050ºC, and 1100ºC for 5 min, 27.5 min, and 60 min. There were seven experiments per limestone sample. The calcination experiments were conducted in an electrical muffle furnace.When the limestone samples were calcined, the resulting quicklimes slaking reactivity was tested according to standard SS-EN 459-2:2010 Building lime - Part 2: Test methods. Four different parameters were used to determine the slaking reactivity, these were the maximum temperature, how much the temperature increases under the initial 30 s, the time it takes for the temperature to reach 60ºC, and the time for the slaking to become 80% finished.From the slaking reactivity experiments, the calcination parameters to produce the most reactive quicklime for the limestone from Wolica and Jutjärn are 1000ºC for 60 min, and for the limestone from Slite 1100ºC for 5 min. For all three limestones the least reactive quicklime was received by calcining at 1100ºC for 60 min. The most and least reactive quicklimes were analyzed in SEM, where it could be seen that the least reactive quicklime samples were coarser compared to the most reactive samples. Depending on what slaking reactivity parameter is of interest, the calcination settings should be different and can be an indication for operation parameters for industrial kilns. The statistical analysis on the experimental model showed that the experiment had a poor statistical fit for most of the experiment. This could be due to that the model possibly was too simple to describe the calcination parameters complex impact on the slaking reactivity.
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Do, Duc Hai [Verfasser], and Eckehard [Akademischer Betreuer] Specht. "Simulation of lime calcination in normal shaft an parallel flow regenerative kilns / Duc Hai Do. Betreuer: Eckehard Specht." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1053227698/34.

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El-Fakharany, Magda Kotb Moursy [Verfasser], and Eckehard [Akademischer Betreuer] Specht. "Process simulation of lime calcination in mixed feed shaft kilns / Magda Kotb Moursy El-Fakharany. Betreuer: Eckehard Specht." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1047595664/34.

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Do, Duc Hai Verfasser], and Eckehard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Specht. "Simulation of lime calcination in normal shaft an parallel flow regenerative kilns / Duc Hai Do. Betreuer: Eckehard Specht." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:ma9:1-2086.

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El-Fakharany, Magda Kotb Moursy Verfasser], and Eckehard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Specht. "Process simulation of lime calcination in mixed feed shaft kilns / Magda Kotb Moursy El-Fakharany. Betreuer: Eckehard Specht." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:ma9:1-689.

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Bouquet, Eric. "Etude de cycles calcination/carbonatation lors de la capture de CO2 en lit fluidisé circulant." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MULH2226.

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Les travaux menés dans cette Thèse ont consisté à développer un pilote expérimental prouvant la faisabilité de la capture de CO2 par boucle chimique calcium en utilisant des chaudières du type Lit Fluidisé Circulant. Ceux-ci ont été conduits en deux phases: une phase expérimentale à l'échelle du laboratoire avec l'interprétation théorique des résultats et une phase expérimentale à l'échelle du pilote dans le but de valider le procédé. Les résultats expérimentaux à 1'échelle du laboratoire ont permis de montrer que le frittage de CaOest la cause de la décroissance du taux de carbonatation au cours des cycles successifs calcination/carbonatation. La vitesse de frittage étant accélérée par la présence de CO2 pendant la phase de calcination. Les analyses menées sur les échantillons calcinés ont révélé l'apparition d'une structure de micrograin à l'intérieur des grains initiaux de carbonate. Les micrograins de CaO non frittés sont le siège de la réaction de carbonatation.Un procédé de capture de CO2 par boucle chimique calcium a été conçu et réalisé. Il se compose de deux lits fluidisés circulants, un réacteur de carbonatation assurant la capture du CO2 et un réacteur de calcination permettant la régénération de la chaux. Ces deux lits fluidisés circulants sont couplés de façon à permettre un fonctionnement continu du procédé de capture de CO2. Malgré le faible rendement de capture obtenu à l'échelle de ce pilote (entre 18 à 23%), ces résultats apparaissent encourageants pour le développement de cette technologie, compte tenu du fait que beaucoup de facteurs limitant le rendement de capture disparaissent avec le changement d'échelle
The works led in this Thesis consisted in developing an experimental pilot proving CO2 capture feasibility by calcium chemical looping using Circulating Fluidised Bed as boilers. These were undertaken in two step: At the laboratory scale with theoretical interpretation of the experimental results and at the pilot scale in the aim to validate the process.The experimental results on the scale of the laboratory allowed to show that the sintering of CaO bring about the decreasing of the carbonation rate during calcination/carbonation cycles. The sintering velocity are accelerated by CO2 during the calcinations step. The analysis of the calcined samples showed a micrograins structure inside the initial carbonate grains The not sintered CaO micrograins are the location of the carbonation reaction.A process of CO2 capture by calcium chemical looping was designed and built. It was made by two circulating fluidized beds, a carbonator where the CO2 capture were performed and the calcinator allowing the lime regeneration. These two circulating fluidized beds are coupled allowing a continuous CO2 capture.In spite of the low capture efficiency obtained on the scale of this pilot (from 18 to 23 %), these results seem encouraging for the development of this technology, considering the fact that many limiting factors of the capture efficiency disappear with the change of scale
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Anderle, Milan. "Vývoj modelu kalcinace pro ANSYS Fluent." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-367526.

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The aim of the diploma thesis was creating a decarbonisation model of lime, implementation the model into CFD tool ANSYS Fluent and to test the decarbonisation model in a model of a real reactor. The required model was based on assumptions for a Shrinking Core Model (SCM). The main objective of this work was the non-catalytic conversion of substances and the search for the most used mathematical models for calcination. The CFD calculation, the sensitivity analysis and the Fluente parametric study were used. Data on the composition of gas flow, temperature, pressure and mass flow of limestone particles were selected for input variables. The particle model called Multiple Surface Reactions (MSR), which is a standard part of Fluent, was used at first. Subsequently, a UDF which was based on the SCM assumptions was written in the programming language C. The results of the CFD calculation were compared with the experimental values from the dissertation. It has been found that the MSR is sufficiently precise for calculation purposes but neglects the internal diffusion of CO2 through the CaO layer which forms behind the reaction front during calcination. It was found that it is possible to solve the flow with ongoing calcination without the need to know the parameters of the Arrhenian equation if the UDF is used. The created UDF incorporates the influence of intraparticular CO2 diffusion on the overall reaction rate.
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Starinieri, V., David C. Hughes, and D. Wilk. "Influence of the combination of Roman cement and lime as the binder phase in render mortars for restoration." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9736.

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It is known that lime was added to historic Roman cement render mortars. The focus of this work is the influence of the combination of NHL5 and CL90 with Roman cement in mortars for restoration; however, the results indicate a wider potential for render applications in general. It is shown that simply adding lime to Roman cement does not retard its hydration and yields mortars where the binding action of the cement is compromised by the mixing process. If the cement is retarded by means of a pre-hydration process, hybrid mortars can be produced with improved workability and workable life as well as permitting the fine control of strength and moisture transport.
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Books on the topic "Calcination of hydrailic lime"

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Paul, Manan. A three-dimensional numerical model to predict temperature and degree of calcination in the solids bed in lime kilns. 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Calcination of hydrailic lime"

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Sengupta, Prasunjit. "Refractories for Lime Calcination." In Refractories for the Chemical Industries, 135–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61240-5_5.

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Cao, Jian Xin, Fei Liu, Qian Lin, Yu Zhang, Yong Gang Dong, and Ling Ke Zeng. "Effect of Calcination Temperature on Mineral Composition of Carbide Slag, Lime Activity and Synthesized Xonotlite." In High-Performance Ceramics V, 1545–47. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-473-1.1545.

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Conference papers on the topic "Calcination of hydrailic lime"

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Sandaka, P. Ch Gourisankar, Ashok Kumar Nallathambi, and Eckehard Specht. "Finite Element Analysis of Reaction Front Tracking in Lime Calcination." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44572.

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Calcination process is carried out in shaft kilns or rotary kilns for producing the lime. In the present work, the decomposition rates of the limestone in shaft kiln are experimentally measured in laboratory scale equipment. Mathematical model has been developed by using Finite element technique to track the reaction front movement from the surface to the core. The results obtained from the experiments are compared and validated with that of the model. Influences of parameters such as ambient temperature and the particle size are studied. The variation of reaction zone thickness during the process of decomposition has been studied and analyzed. Temperature profiles inside the lime particle are calculated and the influence of the reaction front position on these temperature profiles has been analyzed.
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Georgallis, M., P. Nowak, M. Salcudean, and I. S. Gartshore. "Three-Dimensional Modeling of Lime Kilns." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1603.

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Rotary kilns have wide use in industry from the calcination of limestone to cement manufacturing to calcining of petroleum coke etc. Problems such as low thermal efficiency and low product quality have plagued rotary kiln operations yet these machines have survived and have been continuously improved (fuel efficiency, automation) for over a century.
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Do, Duc Hai, and Eckehard Specht. "Numerical Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer of Limestone Decomposition in Normal Shaft Kiln." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44578.

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A mathematical model of lime calcination process in normal shafts kiln has been developed to determine the heat and mass transfer between the gas and the solid. The model is one-dimensional and steady state. The transport of mass and energy of the gas and the solid is modeled by a system of ordinary differential equations. A shrinking core approach is employed for the mechanics and chemical reactions of the solid material. The model can be used to predict the temperature profiles of the particle bed, the gas phase along the length of kiln axis. The calcination behavior of the particle bed can be also investigated. The influences of operational parameters such as: energy input, the origin of feed limestone and the lime throughput on the kiln performance including pressure drop are considered. Additionally, the local heat loss through the kiln wall is studied. The results of this study are direct utility for optimization and design of large-scale technical shaft kilns.
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Kakaras, E., A. Koumanakos, A. Doukelis, D. Giannakopoulos, Ch Hatzilau, and T. Weimer. "Novel CO2 Emissions Reduction Technique for IGCC Plants." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68977.

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Scope of the work presented is to examine and evaluate the state of the art in technological concepts towards the capture and sequestration of CO2 from coal-fired power plants. The discussion is based on the evaluation of a novel concept dealing with the carbonation-calcination process of lime for CO2 capture from coal fired power plants compared to integration of CO2 capture in an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle power plant. In the novel concept, coal is gasified with steam in the presence of lime. Lime absorbs the CO2 released from the coal, producing limestone. The produced gas can be a low-carbon or even zero-carbon (H2) gas, depending on the ratio of lime added to the process. The produced gas can be used in state-of-the-art combined cycles for electricity generation, producing almost no CO2 emissions or other harmful pollutants. The limestone is regenerated in a second reactor, where pure CO2 is produced, which can be either marketed to industry or sequestered in long term disposal areas. The simulation model of a Combined Cycle power plant, integrating the novel carbonation-calcination process, is based on available data from a typical natural gas fired Combined Cycle power plant. The natural gas fired power plant was adopted to firing with the low-C fuel, maintaining the basic operating characteristics. The performance of the novel concept power plant is compared to that of an IGCC with CO2 removal by means of Selexol absorption. Results from thermodynamic simulation, dealing with the most important features for CO2 reduction, are presented. The operating characteristics, as well as the main figures of the plant energy balances are included. A preliminary economic comparison is also provided, taking into account investment and operating costs, in order to estimate the electricity cost related to the two different technological approaches and the economic constrains towards the potentials for applications are examined. The cycle calculations were performed using the thermodynamic cycle calculation software ENBIPRO (ENergie-BIllanz-PROgram). ENBIPRO is a powerful tool for heat and mass balance calculations, solving complex thermodynamic circuits, calculating the efficiency, and allowing exergetic and exergoeconomic analysis of power plants. The software code models all pieces of equipment that usually appear in power plant installations and can accurately calculate all thermodynamic properties (temperature, pressure, enthalpy) at each node of the thermodynamic circuit, power consumption of each component, flue gas composition etc [1]. The code has proven its validity by accurately simulating a large number of power plants and through comparison of the results with other commercial software.
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5

Barletta, D., A. Marzocchella, P. Salatino, S. G. Kang, and P. T. Stromberg. "Modelling Fuel and Sorbent Attrition During Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion of Coal." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-065.

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A simulation model of a circulating fluidized bed combustor, based on a one-dimensional description of bed hydrodynamics and a simplified formulation of the population balance equation on fuel and bed solids, has been set up. The model specifically aims at assessing the extent of fuel and sorbent attrition during circulating fluidized bed combustion of coal. Fuel attrition is modelled as a function of carbon loading and of the relevant operating variables while taking into account primary fragmentation of coal and secondary fragmentation and attrition by surface wear of its char. Modelling of sorbent attrition accounts for primary fragmentation of limestone upon calcination as well as attrition by surface wear of lime. To this end time- and conversion-dependent attrition rate is averaged over the sorbent particle lifetime in the reactor. Attrition submodels and their constitutive parameters are based on previous work by the research group in Naples. Coal char combustion and lime sulphation are modelled considering intrinsic reaction kinetics as well as boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion of reactants. The impact of attrition phenomena on the performance of the fluidized bed combustor is characterized by looking at carbon combustion efficiency, at sulphur capture efficiency, at the balance between bottom and fly ashes. The influence of operating parameters like fuel particle size, Ca/S ratio, gas superficial velocity, extent of air staging is investigated. The sensitivity of results of model computations to the parameters expressing fuel and sorbent attrition is presented and discussed.
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6

Kakaras, E., A. K. Koumanakos, P. Klimantos, A. Doukelis, N. Koukouzas, and D. Giannakopoulos. "Novel Solid Fuel Gasification Power Plant for In Situ CO2 Capture." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27868.

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The work presented in this paper aims to examine and analyse a novel concept dealing with the carbonation-calcination process of lime for CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants. The scheme is based on a novel steam gasification process of low rank coals with calcined limestone where in-situ CO2 capture and steam reforming are performed in a single reactor. CO2 is separated reacting exothermically with CaO based sorbents, providing also the necessary heat for the gasification reactions. The produced gas is a H2-rich gas with low carbon or near zero carbon content, depending on the ratio of lime added to the process. The produced fuel gas can be used in state-of-the-art combined cycles where it is converted to electricity, generating almost no CO2 emissions. After being captured in the gasification process, CO2 is released in a separate reactor where extra energy is provided through the combustion of low rank coal. Regenerated CaO is produced in this reactor and is continuously recycled within the process. The key element of the concept is the high-pressure steam gasification process where CO2 is captured by CaO based sorbents and fuel gas with high hydrogen content is produced, without using additional shift reactors. Two optimised power plant configurations are presented in detail and examined. In the first case, pure oxygen is utilised for the low rank coal combustion in the limestone regeneration process, while in the second case fuel is combusted with air instead. Results from the equilibrium based mass balance of the two reactors as well as the power plant thermodynamic simulations, dealing with the most important features for CO2 reduction are presented concerning the two different options. The energy penalties are quantified and the power plant efficiencies are calculated. The calculated results demonstrate the capability of the power plant to deliver decarbonised electricity while achieving high overall electrical efficiencies, comparable to other technological alternatives for CO2 capture power plants. The Aspen Plus software is used for the equilibrium based mass balance of the gasifier and the regenerator while the combined cycle power plant cycle calculations are performed with the thermodynamic cycle calculation software ENBIPRO (ENergie-BIllanz-PROgram), a powerful tool for heat and mass balance solving of complex thermodynamic circuits, calculation of efficiency, exergetic and exergoeconomic analysis of power plants [1].
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