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Journal articles on the topic 'Calcination zone'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Vyacheslav, Lobov, Lobova Karina, and Mytrofanov Oleksandr. "DETERMINING THE INFLUENCE OF PARAMETERS FOR GAS-AIR FLOWS ON THE THERMAL PROCESS OF PRODUCING IRON ORE PELLETS." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 2 (98) (2019): 43–54. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.163278.

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We present the results of the study on changes in temperature of gas-air flows at the outlets from calcination zones and recuperation zones of a conveyor-calcination plant. We determined the influence of these temperatures on other technological zones. We showed that that the average volume temperatures of gas-air flows from calcination and recuperation zones are the exponential dependences on temperatures of gas-air flows above a layer of pellets in these zones. It was established that an increase in the speed of movement of calcination carts from 0.011 m/s to 0.06 m/s leads to a decrease in

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2

Zhongda, Tian, Li Shujiang, Wang Yanhong, and Wang Xiangdong. "SVM predictive control for calcination zone temperature in lime rotary kiln with improved PSO algorithm." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, no. 10 (2017): 3134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331217716983.

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To improve the control performance of calcination zone temperature in a lime rotary kiln, a predictive control method based on a support vector machine (SVM) and improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed. As high-temperature thermal equipment, the lime rotary kiln requires accurate modelling because of its complex non-linearity and long delay characteristics. SVM has strong normalization and good learning ability compared with other modelling models such as neural network, partial least squares model and other non-linear regression models, which can avoid overfitting and

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3

Yur'ev, Boris, Vyacheslav Dudko, and Anna Shageeva. "Kinetics of Siderite Ore Roasting in the Shaft Furnace." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.456.

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Kinetics of the siderite ore roasting in the air, helium and hydrogen flows has been studied in a gasometrical unit with continuous mass variation logging. We have derived the expression for determination of an apparent degree of calcination and identified its dependence on the size of the prill, the heat treatment duration, and gas-phase composition. Using a generalized chemical kinetics equation, we have obtained a formula for calculation of the decomposition period for siderite ore samples. It has been found that calcination rate increases with the temperature rise, irrespective of the samp

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4

Torchinskij, A. I., A. Yu Ljashko, O. F. Shkarlinskij, Z. Chichua, and S. V. Volobuev. "ENERGY-SAVING EQUIPMENT IMPLEMENTATION IN TUNNEL KILN FOR CERAMIC BRICKS CALCINATION." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 3 (September 20, 2017): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2017.07.

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The analysis of the technical decisions used in the Bulgarian projects of tunnel kilns for ceramic brick calcination is carried out. Disadvantages, caused by out-of-date heating engineering equipment, are shown on an example of enterprise of «Metekhis ceramics», Georgia. Necessary measures of modernisation of tunnel kilns for ceramic brick calcination built by the Bulgarian projects are stated. The basis of modernisation – the substituting of out-of-date gas-burning devices by modern gas-burners; expansion of calcination zone due to installing of gas-burning devices on positions of preheating

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Nikiforov, Aleksandr, Yevgeniy Prikhodko, Murat Kucherbayev, Akmaral Kinzhibekova, Amangeldy Karmanov, and Nauryzbay Uakhit. "Analysis of the thermal performance of the lining and the reasons for its destruction in petroleum coke calcination furnaces." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 5 (September 10, 2024): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2024.003329.

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This article discusses the thermal technological processes occurring in petroleum coke calcination furnaces, as well as issues of causes of destruction of the refractory material of the calcination furnace lining. The survey showed that the main factors influencing the duration of the work campaign of the lining are the temperature stresses that arise in the lining during sudden temperature changes during heating or cooling, as well as the chemical effect of the process material on the lining. It was revealed that in the inlet zone, where the drying of technological raw materials is carried ou

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Kolesnyk, V. V., V. M. Orlyk, Yu I. Khvastukhin, K. P. Kostohryz, and V. A. Zhaivoronok. "CALCINATION OF SMALL-GRAINED LIMESTONE IN FLUIDIZED BED OF INERT GRANULAR MATERIAL. PART 1. MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF LIMESTONE PARTICLE CALCINATIONS PROCESS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2017.06.

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A detailed mathematical description of the endothermic process calcination of limestone particles is presented while they are passing high temperature zone of fluidized bed inert particles. When constructing a mathematical model of thermochemical conversion of limestone particles, are made the following key assumptions: large-grained inert particles are in the mode ideal mixing, they are acting as a thermostat, and limestone particles are removed from the fluidization bed with the heating gas in the mode piston flow; calcium oxide particles formed as a result of thermochemical processing, reta

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7

Stoilova, Ani, Iliyan Mitov, Rositsa Gavrilova, and Boyan Yordanov. "PRODUCTION OF BARIUM SULFATE WITH CONSIDERABLY IMPROVED WHITENESS THROUGH CALCINATION OF BARITE RECOVERED FROM WASTE MATERIAL." Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy 60, no. 4 (2025): 679–84. https://doi.org/10.59957/jctm.v60.i4.2025.17.

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The study presents calcination of barite recovered from the gangue stored in the tailings dam at a metallurgical plant in Bulgaria with the aim to product BaSO4 with improved whiteness. The calcination was carried out in a rotary kiln at 1150⁰C under air. Samples from three batches of barite with different particle size, namely 40 µm, 20 µm and 6 µm, were processed and the color and brightness value of the product was measured. The residence time of the material in the kiln, respectively in the heated zone, was also determined. The results show that the brightness of the barite recovered from

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8

Duan, Shaopei, Baokuan Li, and Wenjie Rong. "Numerical Simulation Study of Mixed Particle Size Calcination Processes in the Calcination Zone of a Parallel Flow Regenerative Lime Kiln." Materials 15, no. 13 (2022): 4609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134609.

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Limestone of different particle sizes is often calcined together to improve production efficiency, but the calcination effect of mixed particle size limestone is difficult to guarantee. To investigate the effect of different particle size combinations on calcination, this study uses a porous media model and a shrinking core model to simulate the calcination process for a single particle size and two mixed particle sizes in a Parallel Flow Regenerative lime kiln (PFR lime kiln). The results of the study show that an increase in void fraction has a small effect on the gas temperature. The temper

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9

Zhang, Li, Bo Gao, and Zeng Jun Bao. "Modeling Method Based on Subspace Identification for Lime Kiln Calcination Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 1882–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.1882.

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To deal with the modeling problem of the lime kiln calcination process, we propose a model describing the relationship between process states and outputs. By analyzing the strongly coupled features in the process, we construct a relationship model using subspace identification method which takes two inputs including the second air flow and gas flow, and two outputs including the calcining zone temperature and kiln tail temperature. The simulation shows that this model is of high accuracy for describing the characteristics of lime kiln calcination process.

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10

Kur’yanov, E. Yu, V. M. Serenkov, I. V. Kazantsev, et al. "Improving the process of calcination of petroleum coke in a tubular rotary kiln using thermal imaging scanning of its body." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 3 (November 28, 2024): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2024-3-20-25.

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A device for lining a tubular rotary kiln for calcining petroleum coke used in the production of anode mass in aluminum production is described. The role of the furnace lining in the formation of the calcination zone during the technological process is considered. By means of thermal imaging examination of the temperature state of the furnace body, the possibility of controlling the location and stabilization of the calcination zone, eliminating possible destruction of lining elements under the influence of high temperature of the furnace environment and body vibration was revealed. It is show

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11

Gordić, Radojko, Miladin Gligorić, Darko Reljić, and Đorđe Janaćković. "Obtaining optimal CaO-lime reactivity for uniform extraction of H2 in the "gas-cellular" building block." Tehnika 77, no. 5 (2022): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2205525g.

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In this paper quicklime CaO used for the production of aerated blocks needs to have a specific reactivity in order to ensure that hydrogen H2 in "gas-cellular" building blok is released evenly. In the production of gas silicate, the agent used for the creation of pores is usually aluminum powder, which reacts with Ca(OH)2 to release hydrogen, which in turn causes the swelling of the material and the forming of pores. To generate quicklime CaO with a specific reactivity, it is necessary to accurately determine the rock mass, calcination temperature and residence time in the calcination zone dur

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12

N.C. Endriyatno, E.R. Wikantyasning, and P. Indrayudha. "OPTIMIZATION SYNTHESIS OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES USING FACTORIAL DESIGN AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 16, no. 02 (2023): 773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2023.1628213.

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Due to their chemical stability, potent antibacterial activity, and comparatively low hazardous profile, inorganic metal oxides may be used as efficient antibacterial. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) significantly slow down the growth of various bacteria. This study aimed to determine the effect and interaction of pH, calcination temperature, and pectin (capping agent) on the synthesis and antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs. The synthesis was carried out by the precipitation method. Synthesis optimization using Design Expert software (factorial design) with parameters including yield, partic

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13

Lim, H. H., and R. J. Gilkes. "Beneficiation of apatite rock phosphates by calcination: effects on chemical properties and fertiliser effectiveness." Soil Research 39, no. 2 (2001): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00005.

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Apatitic rock phosphates (RP) are commonly calcined to remove impurities and to increase phosphorus (P) concentration but calcination decreases the agronomic effectiveness of RPs used for direct application to soils. This study investigated the effect of calcination on 6 apatite RPs (Christmas Island A-ore, Egypt, Morocco, North Carolina, Queensland, and Sechura). RPs were uncalcined (25°C) and calcined at 500°C, 900°C, and 1100°C. They were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and BET-N 2 surface area technique. P dissolution in 2% citric acid with a 128 h extraction time was measured. Chemic

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14

Chuakham, Suwanan, Apipong Putkham, Ajchara Imkum Putkham, and Sukaranan Kanokwan. "Synthesis of Sustainable and High Purity of Quicklime Derived from Calcination of Eggshell Waste in a Laboratory-Scale Rotary Furnace." Key Engineering Materials 904 (November 22, 2021): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.904.419.

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Quick lime or calcium oxide has attracted significant attention as a sustainable material to be used as fillers and catalysts in a broad range of industries. The quick lime derived from calcination of eggshell waste in a laboratory-scale rotary furnace is reported in this study. The eggshell waste was prepared by washing several times, drying in the sun, grinding and sieving through a 250 micrometers sieve size. Calcination of the sieved eggshells waste was conducted in a single zone rotary tube furnace at 800 °C with 5 degree slope and at 1 rpm. Both physical and chemical properties of the ca

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15

RYAN, JAROD, MARKUS BUSSMAN, and NIKOLAI DEMARTINI. "CFD and predictive modeling of temperature and calcination in a rotary lime kiln – Potential for steadier kiln operation." TAPPI Journal 23, no. 10 (2024): 545–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj23.10.545.

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Rotary lime kilns are used in the pulp and paper industry to calcine lime mud to lime. Lime kiln models provide a means to understand the complex phenomena occurring within the kiln to aid in problem-solving during operation. A two-dimensional (2D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and one-dimensional (1D) bed model was previously developed for steady-state and transient analysis. This study explores data extracted from the model over a longer time period. The simulated outlet gas and shell temperature are compared to measured data for validation. The capability of using the model to estimate

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16

Kolesnyk, V. V., V. M. Orlyk, Yu I. Khvastukhin, K. P. Kostohryz, and V. A. Zhaivoronok. "CALCINATION OF FINELY DISPERSED LIMESTONE IN A FLUIDIZED BED OF INERT MATERIAL. 2. NUMERICAL SIMULATION RESULTS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.1.2019.04.

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The results of numerical experiments concerning the process of calcination of small grained limestone particles in contact with the gas phase of a fluidized bed of inert grainy material for obtaining a high-performance sorbent are given. The character of the change of the basic qualitative parameters of the obtained sorbent – droopiness, surface area, mass is presented depending on the time of residence of the initial limestones with a diameter of 80–200 nm with initial porosity e0 = 0,03–0,1 and pore diameter dpor = 3,84–17 nm in the high-reaction zone when the temperature of the gas phase of

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17

Peszkin, P. N., R. J. Raymakers, R. S. Feigelson, L. V. Moulton, and Z. Lu. "Processing of Bi2.1Sr1.8Ca1.1Cu2O8 source material for float-zone fiber growth." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 11 (1991): 2280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.2280.

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Bi2.1Sr1.8Cu2O8 fibers having excellent superconducting properties can be grown by a laser-heated float zone process. In order to maintain stable growth conditions and thereby obtain fibers free of diameter fluctuations and voids, dense ceramic starting material containing only the 2212 phase is required. In this study various processing parameters, including calcining and sintering temperatures and times, grain size of the powders used, and pressing pressures were optimized to yield dense, chemically homogeneous starting material. It was found that under most conditions there was no increase

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18

Rahardi, Susanto Sigit, Muhammad Ilham Bayquni, and Bambang Sunendar Purwasasmita. "Preliminary Study of Synthesis of Sodium Manganese Oxide Using Sol-Gel Method as Sodium Ion Battery Material." Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri 11, no. 2 (2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21771/jrtppi.2020.v11.no2.p28-34.

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Sodium ion battery is one of the promising alternatives to lithium ion battery. Sodium manganese oxide as the sodium ion battery catode material has been synthesized by modifying the sol-gel method used to obtain lithium manganese oxide. The precursors used were table salt and manganese chloride. The sol-gel process used was water solvent, citric acid as a chelating agent and chitosan as the template. Thermal decomposition and formation zone obtained from simple thermal analysis using furnace and digital scales. Calcination was carried out at 600°C and 850°C for 2 hours. Crystal properties and

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19

Budiarto. "Pengaruh Temperatur Kalsinasi Terhadap Gugus fungsi, Struktur mikro, Dan Kerapatan dislokasi Pada Material Katoda Baterai LiNiO2." JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MANUFACTURES MATERIALS AND ENERGY 6, no. 2 (2022): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jmemme.v6i2.6905.

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Battery cathode material is one of the four determinants of energy storage capacity, which is used as a power source in electronic equipment. laptops, and electric vehicles. Synthesis of LiNiO2 battery cathode material by solid state method, and variations in calcination temperature from 700 oC, 775 oC, and 850 oC , as wll as a fixed time of 6 hours. The results of the analysis using the FTIR spectrum showed that the vibration mode correlated with the vibrations of the octahedral units of NiO6 and LiO6 in the wave number zone of 400 - 700 cm−1. Thus, the peak around 433 cm−1 is caused by the L

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Mediarman, G. N., Sumardianto, P. H. Riyadi, L. Rianingsih, and L. Purnamayati. "Potentials of CaO powder result of calcination from green shells (Perna viridis), scallops (Placuna placenta), and blood clams (Anadara granosa) as antibacterial agent." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 890, no. 1 (2021): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/890/1/012043.

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Abstract Calcium oxide (CaO) can be formed from the calcination process of calcium carbonate or CaCO3. One of the ingredients that contain quite a lot of CaCO3 compounds is clam shells. Shellfish shells can be an alternative for making natural antibacterials. Calcination was carried out at 1000°C for 6 hours. The bacteria tested were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli which are pathogenic bacteria. The concentration of each CaO powder is 3.5% with a size of 150 mesh. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial effect of CaO from three different shells, namely blood cla

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Itoh, Yoshifumi, I. Wuled Lenggoro, Sotiris E. Pratsinis, and Kikuo Okuyama. "Agglomerate-free BaTiO3 particles by salt-assisted spray pyrolysis." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 12 (2002): 3222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0466.

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Optimum conditions for the synthesis of nonagglomerated BaTiO3 particles by salt-assisted spray pyrolysis (SASP) were investigated. The effect of particle residence time in the reactor and salt concentration on the crystallinity and surface morphology of BaTiO3 was examined by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Mixtures of a metal chloride or nitrate salt, dissolved in aqueous precursor solutions, were sprayed by an ultrasonic atomizer into a five-zone hot-wall reactor. By increasing the salt concentration or the particle residence time in the hot zone, the primary particle si

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22

Liu, Jialun, Yukun Wang, and Yong Zhang. "A Novel Isomap-SVR Soft Sensor Model and Its Application in Rotary Kiln Calcination Zone Temperature Prediction." Symmetry 12, no. 1 (2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12010167.

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Soft sensing technology has been proved to be an effective tool for the online estimation of unmeasured or variables that are difficult to directly measure. The performance of a soft sensor depends heavily on its convergence speed and generalization ability to a great extent. Based on this idea, we propose a new soft sensor model, Isomap-SVR. First, the sample data set is divided into training set and testing set by using self-organizing map (SOM) neural network to ensure the fairness and symmetry of data segmentation. Isometric feature mapping (Isomap) method is used for dimensionality reduct

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Peng, Jian, Shihui Cheng, and Wenxing Liu. "Temperature Control of Cement Rotary Kiln Sintering Zone Based on FCS-MPC with Soft Constraint of Generalized Triangular Interval." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 28, no. 2 (2024): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2024.p0324.

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In the new, dry-process method of cement production, the temperature of cement rotary kiln sintering zone is a key factor in ensuring the quality of cement clinker. Based on the auto-regressive with extra inputs model, a finite control set model predictive control with soft constraint of the generalized triangular interval is proposed in this paper for the characteristics of a cement rotary kiln calcination system with multi-variable, multi-time delay, bounded disturbance, and slow dynamic process. Simulation experiments show that the steady-state error of the control algorithm proposed in thi

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Zhongda, Tian, Li Shujiang, Wang Yanhong, and Wang Xiangdong. "A multi-model fusion soft sensor modelling method and its application in rotary kiln calcination zone temperature prediction." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 38, no. 1 (2015): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331215573099.

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Bobkov, Vladimir I., Margarita V. Chernovalova, and Andrey M. Sokolov. "Mathematical Models for an Energy Intensive Multistage Roasting Process of Pelletized Industrial Waste from Apatite-Nepheline Ores." Materials Science Forum 1052 (February 3, 2022): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-0i5ger.

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In this article, we describe mathematical and computer models for the complex, energy-consuming, multistage, integrated chemical and power engineering processes of calcination and sintering of pelletized industrial waste from apatite-nepheline ores, accumulated in the dumps of mining and processing plants. The models take into account the negative effect of vitrification and the subsequent destruction of pellets in case the operating temperature condition in the high-temperature roasting zone of indurating conveyor furnaces is violated during the implementation of these thermally activated pro

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Leleka, S. V., A. Ya Karvatskii, I. O. Mikulionok, et al. "IMPROVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF A ROTARY KILN FOR CALCINING CARBON-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 2 (June 20, 2020): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2020.08.

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An analysis is made of the traditional energy-intensive process of calcining carbon-containing raw materials, in particular petroleum coke, in rotary kilns, which assumes continuous burning of natural gas in these furnaces. A new method for producing calcined petroleum coke is proposed, which minimizes the cost of natural gas as fuel, and therefore reduces the energy intensity of the calcination process and the cost of the obtained calcined coke. In the proposed method, at the beginning of the process, flue gases are obtained by burning natural gas in a rotary kiln, after the calcined coke rea

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CHAKRABARTI, B. K. "MODELING OF PROCESS PARAMETERS AND ANALYSIS OF EFFECT OF VARIABLES IN THE DEAD BURNING OF MAGNESITE IN ROTARY KILN." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 22 (January 2013): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194513010179.

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The challenges of improving sintered MgO raw materials with special high temperature properties demand higher temperature calcination. In the process of dead burning of magnesite (DBM) in rotary kiln, the heat expenditures were found to be mainly due to dead burning of magnesite, loss through exhaust gases, loss through kiln shell by radiation & convection, clinker exit etc. The calcination process is highly energy intensive and involves various interdependent variable factors. An attempt was made to build a model and a screening design of experiment was performed with few process variable

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Laouali, Abdou, Moussa Mamoudou Boubacar, Baggnian Issoufou, and Mahamane Ali. "Diversité et usages des plantes médicinales à l’ouest du Niger." Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 46, no. 1 (2020): 8164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v46-2.1.

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La médecine traditionnelle est profondément ancrée dans la culture de nombreux pays d’Afrique de l’ouest. L’objectif du présent travail était de contribuer à la connaissance des plantes médicinales et de leurs utilisations dans le département de Dogondoutchi à l’ouest du Niger. Un échantillon de (19) villages a été retenu dans deux communes du département. Les données ont été collectées à travers un guide d’entretien adressé à 49 personnes appartenant à différents groupes socioprofessionnels, à raison de deux à trois par village. Ces entretiens ont permis d’inventorier 55 espèces médicinales r

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Sidauruk, Santhy Wisuda, Dian Iriani, N. Ira Sari, Rizky Ramadhan Rusdi, and Muhammad Irfan Rusadi. "Evaluation of antibacterial activity of nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) from freshwater mussel (Pilsbryoconcha sp.) shell against Escherichia coli." BIO Web of Conferences 74 (2023): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20237402002.

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Freshwater mussel shells have a high calcium content as a precursor in the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp). The main components of HAp are calcium and phosphate, which can prevent dental plaque bacteria, such as Escherichia coli. This research aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) from Pilsbryoconcha sp. against E. coli. The procedure for preparing nano-HAp consisted of producing CaO flour through a calcination process and producing nano-HAp using the bottom up method. The test parameters consisted of the yield and evaluation of antibacterial activity

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Tian, Zhongda, Xiyan Yu, and Fei Tang. "Soft-sensing model of calcination zone temperature of rotary kiln based on principal component analysis and leaky integrator echo state network." Chemical Engineering Science 309 (May 2025): 121472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2025.121472.

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Rehman, Mujeeb Ur Rehman, Ayatullah Qureshi, and Muhammad Moazam Baloch. "Extraction of Hydroxyapatite from Caprine Bones and its Anti-Bacterial Study." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 40, no. 4 (2021): 867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2104.16.

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Bones are mineralized connecting tissues consisting of 70% of Hydroxyapatite (HAP); it is the major component of the bone. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is most important biomaterial possessing all distinguish features such as antibacterial activity, bioactive and non-inflammatory behavior. Hydroxyapatite is mainly synthesized by two routes i.e. i) using inorganic substances and ii) by exploiting natural sources. The aim of this study is to extract hydroxyapatite using solid waste (animal bones) and to investigate its antibacterial activity. The extraction consisted of alkaline technique and calcinatio

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Semenov, Yu S., A. L. Podkorytov, V. V. Gorupakha, I. Yu Semion, A. Yu Orobtsev та E. I. Shumel’chik. "Еfficiency increase of powdered coal application at hot metal production and limestone calcination under unstable technology conditions". Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, № 7 (2020): 676–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-7-676-690.

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Operation of Ukraine ferrous metallurgy under conditions of dependence on import and instability of energy carriers supply, shortage of investments in modernization of production equipment, make the matter of cooperation between steel-works and research organization particularly actual. Basic results of cooperation between Z.I. Nekrasov Institute of Ferrous metallurgy, NAN of Ukraine and Dnepr steel-works in 2017–2019 on blast sfurnace operation pefection and technology of powdered coal injection into rotating limestone calcination furnaces. Results of the finding of the powdered coal optimal

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Daniel, Sam N., C. I. Anish, G. Sabeena, et al. "Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2-CeO2 (TiO2-Ce) Nanocomposite: Testing its Antibacterial Effect." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 25, no. 10 (2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2510rjce1319.

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TiO2-CeO2 (TiO2-Ce) nanocomposites were synthesized by sol–gel route using chemical method. The crystalline nanocomposites were obtained after calcination at 600 °C for 6 hours. N2-BET study revealed the huge surface area (0.03 cm2g-1) and pore size (2.28 nm) of TiO2 which decreased after impregnation of Ceria. In the Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis, particles were found to be of spherical shape. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum of TiO2-CeO2 (TiO2-Ce) nanocomposite showed Ti, O and Ce peaks obviously found in the spectra, confirming the presence of cerium and titanium. The agar

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Nguyen, Thanh-Binh, Thuy Hang Dinh Thi, Kim Hue Dinh Thi та ін. "N-TiO2-δ/g-C3N4 Dual Photocatalysts for Efficient Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride Photodegradation and CO2 Photoreduction". Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (11 травня 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3057189.

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A series of x % (wt) N-TiO2-δ/g-C3N4 composites was synthesized by calcination and hydrothermal methods (labeled x TiCN, x : 5, 10, and 15). All composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of these composites was evaluated through oxytetracycline hydrochloride (denoted as OTC) photodegradation and CO2 photoreduction. The x TiCN composites exhibited higher OTC photodegradation than bulk g-C3N4. 10TiCN was sl

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Sharma, Sulaxna, Devendra Naik, and Vijaya Agarwala. "Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles of Different Morphology." Advanced Materials Research 585 (November 2012): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.585.154.

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Nanometric zinc oxide was prepared by sol-gel method using two different capping agents e.g., ethylene diamine (EDA) and citric acid (CAM) in different solvents. Nanorods of ZnO was prepared by sol-gel method using zinc nitrate hexahydrate (1M). The as-synthesized samples were characterized using XRD, FESEM-EDAX, TG/DTA techniques. FESEM micrographs suggest that the formation of nanorods of ZnO takes place for EDA and CAM in MeOH after calcination at 150 °C and 170 °C, respectively for 12h. The antibacterial activity tests (also known as plus-minus tests) were done by allowing bacteria to grow

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Yang, Chao, Qiang Zeng, Jun Hu, and Wenbo Zhu. "Study on Performance Optimization of Red Mud–Mineral Powder Composite Cementitious Material Based on Response Surface Methodology." Buildings 15, no. 13 (2025): 2339. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15132339.

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Red mud, a highly alkaline industrial by-product generated during aluminum smelting, poses serious environmental risks such as soil alkalization and ecological degradation. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was integrated with advanced microstructural characterization techniques to optimize the performance of red mud–slag composite cementitious materials through multi-factor analysis. By constructing a four-factor interaction model—including red mud content, steel fiber content, alkali activator dosage, and calcination temperature—a systematic mix design and performance predict

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EL MDERSSA, Mohamed. "Détermination des paramètres d’évaluation du stock de carbone dans les écosystèmes forestiers (Cedrus atlantica Manetti, cèdre de l’Atlas au Maroc) : méthodes spécifiques et génériques." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 351 (February 28, 2022): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2022.351.a36330.

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La quantification du carbone emmagasiné dans les écosystèmes forestiers et de son équivalent en CO2 constitue un impératif pour une estimation fiable de la contribution de ce puits de carbone dans la limitation des émissions de gaz à effet de Serre. La présente étude vise dans un premier temps, par une étude de terrain, à évaluer le volume de bois sur pied et à estimer la quantité de carbone contenue dans les parties aériennes et racinaires, tout en déterminant le facteur d’expansion et de conversion de la biomasse (FECB) spécifique du cèdre de l’Atlas (Cedrus atlantica Manetti) situé dans la

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Akram, Nouman, Usman Moazzam, Muhammad Ali, et al. "Improved waste heat recovery through surface of kiln using phase change material." Thermal Science 22, no. 2 (2018): 1089–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170611301a.

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The heat losses that occur from the surface of the rotary kilns during calcination process are a major source of waste heat in cement production industry. In order to recover this heat, a multi-shell heat exchanger that forms an annular duct over the high temperature zone of the kiln is used. The phase change material (PCM) paraffin wax with a melting point of 68?C is filled in between the gap of the two concentric annular steel shells which are thermally insulated from the outside. In order to draw a comparison and to establish that phase change material improves the waste heat recovery, the

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Fukuda, Monrawee, Dohan M. Soma, Shinya Iwasaki, et al. "Site-specific responses of lowland rice to acidulated and calcined phosphate rock fertilizers in the Center-West region of Burkina Faso." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0250240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250240.

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Soil phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major constraint of crop production in Sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso, P is rarely replenished as fertilizer supplies are limited in rural areas and because of the socio-economic situation of farmers. There is however, an abundance of local phosphate rock resource in the country. The development of local inorganic P fertilizers to improve crop production and replace the nutrients removed after harvesting, as well as to promote to sustainable agriculture, is desired. This study evaluated the efficiency of low-gr

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Liu, Enhai, Yine Jiang, Zhanghui Guo, et al. "Waste heat recovery and utilization of cement rotary kiln based on biomass energy." BioResources 18, no. 2 (2023): 3056–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.2.3056-3072.

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A rotary kiln is a central piece of equipment for the calcination of clinker in the production of cement. Biomass energy has been applied to rotary kilns, and solar energy has been introduced to assist the energy supply. Coupled optimization results for biomass energy and solar energy applications are compared to the single fossil energy used in the base period. A field survey and statistical analysis and integration of cement clinker production sites in China’s Central Plains Economic Zone revealed a negative linear correlation between the consumption of raw coal in the cement production proc

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Петров, Е. А. "KINETIC ASPECTS OF THE DETONATION PRODUCTION OF NANODIAMONDS." Южно-Сибирский научный вестник, no. 4(44) (August 31, 2022): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2022.44.4.002.

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Наноалмазы (НА) - уникальный материал, сочетающий в себе свойства алмаза и преимущества наноструктур, а детонационный метод его получения по праву относится к перспективному виду базовых технологий. В работе исследовались алмазные и углеродные наноструктуры экспериментального и промышленного детонационного синтеза, полученные как из взрывчатых веществ (ВВ), так и из смеси взрывчатых веществ с углеродными добавками. Рассматривались вопросы образования НА в зоне химических реакций и влияние масс-энергетических и кинетических параметров ВВ на фазовый состав, микроструктуру и зернистость НА. Показ

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Li, Hechen, Yiwen Guo, Yuanhua Chen, et al. "Outstanding Electrochemical Performance of Ni-Rich Concentration-Gradient Cathode Material LiNi0.9Co0.083Mn0.017O2 for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Molecules 28, no. 8 (2023): 3347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083347.

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The full-concentrationgradient LiNi0.9Co0.083Mn0.017O2 (CG-LNCM), consisting of core Ni-rich LiNi0.93Co0.07O2, transition zone LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2, and outmost shell LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was prepared by a facile co-precipitation method and high-temperature calcination. CG-LNCM was then investigated with an X-ray diffractometer, ascanning electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope, and electrochemical measurements. The results demonstrate that CG-LNCM has a lower cation mixing of Li+ and Ni2+ and larger Li+ diffusion coefficients than concentration-constant LiNi0.9Co0.083Mn0.017O2 (CC

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Yang, Ke, Chenqi Li, Qinghan Zhu, Haiwang Wang, and Jian Qi. "Rich Oxygen Vacancies in Bimetallic MnCo2O4.5 Spheres for Enhancing Lean Methane Catalytic Oxidation." Nanomaterials 15, no. 7 (2025): 524. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15070524.

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Methane is the second most prevalent greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide in global climate change, and catalytic oxidation technology is a very effective way to eliminate methane. However, the high reaction temperature of methane catalytic oxidation is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. In this work, a series of MnCo2O4.5 catalysts were prepared using carbon spheres as templates, combined with metal ion adsorption and calcination processes. Excitingly, the catalytic oxidation activity of MnCo2O4.5 spherical catalyst with irregular nanoparticles on the surface for lean methane (T90 = 39

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Boakye, Kwabena, and Morteza Khorami. "Hydration, Reactivity and Durability Performance of Low-Grade Calcined Clay-Silica Fume Hybrid Mortar." Applied Sciences 13, no. 21 (2023): 11906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132111906.

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Low-grade calcined clay, due to its low cost, availability and low temperature calcination, has been gaining attention in recent times as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in the manufacture of revolutionary building materials to improve the fresh and hardened properties of concrete. Silica fume, on the other hand, has been used, over the years, to improve the performance of concrete due to its reduced porosity and improved transition zone quality. In spite of the individual contribution of these two pozzolans to the strength and durability of concrete, there is a knowledge gap in th

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Liu, Huaiqin, Chengjian Liu, Jing Wu, et al. "Preparation of High-Belite Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement and Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement from Industrial Solid Waste: A Review." Sustainability 17, no. 10 (2025): 4269. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17104269.

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To address the high carbon emissions and resource dependency associated with conventional ordinary Portland cement (OPC) production, this study systematically investigated the preparation processes, hydration mechanisms, and chemical properties of high-belite calcium sulfoaluminate (HBCSA) and calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements based from industrial solid wastes. The results demonstrate that substituting natural raw materials (e.g., limestone and gypsum) with industrial solid wastes—including fly ash, phosphogypsum, steel slag, and red mud—not only reduces raw material costs but also mitigat

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Rakotomalala, Miarintsoa Fetraniaina, Zolimboahangy Rakotomalala, Velomanantsoa Gabriely Ranaivoniarivo, and Hery Mikaela Ratsimbazafy. "Étude De L’influence Des Débris De Coquillages Non Calcinés Et Calcinés Sur Les Remblais Routiers De La Zone Littorale EST De Madagascar." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 46, no. 2 (2024): 61. https://doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v46.2.6548.

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Notre étude consiste aux essais de stabilisation des sols de remblais routiers de la RN5 sur la zone littorale EST de Madagascar en valorisant des débris de coquillages qui sont des déchets biologiques en abondance pendant toute l’année. Les différentes déformations et dégradations de cette route sont attribuées à la construction de la route RN5 sur des sols à faible profondeur (Site 1 : Ambodiatafana, à environ 0,85m de profondeur, et Site 2 : Ambinany Sahavary, à environ 0,65m de profondeur). La présence d'eau peut entraîner une instabilité du sol. Le sol est susceptible de subir une saturat

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Dubrovin, V. K., B. A. Kulakov, A. V. Karpinskii, and O. M. Zaslavskaia. "New process solutions in the manufacture of thermochemically resistant ceramic molds for casting titanium alloys." Izvestiya Vuzov. Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Universities' Proceedings Non-Ferrous Metallurgy), no. 5 (October 20, 2022): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2022-5-55-65.

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The paper provides the results of studies on interaction between titanium melts and silica-containing investment molds. Pure silicon, compounds of titanium oxides and silicides were detected by X-ray diffraction analysis in the contact zone. The problem of the negative impact exerted by the mold on the casting is solved by using thermally stable and chemically resistant monocorundum molds based on an alumina sol binder. A refractory suspension was developed for investment casting containing special additives to improve wax mold wetting with the suspension, and to increase the mold shell streng

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Kurdowski, Wiesław. "Preliminary calciner." Cement Wapno Beton 26, no. 6 (2021): 465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32047/cwb.2021.26.6.2.

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In the former years, the total amount of heat indispensable for clinker formation was obtained in the kiln burner, which determined the maximum of this heat, thus the kiln efficiency was simultaneously determined. The kiln has the double role: the hearth and the chemical reactor. The diminishing of the heat loading of the kiln can be obtained only by emitting the calcination heat of raw materials from the kiln. At the same time, it gives the possibility of significant increase of the kiln productivity, which was already no longer limited by the heat quantity, linked to the kiln burner. In this

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Muthia Elma, Rhafiq Abdul Ghani, Aulia Rahma, Alya Dita Alyanti, and Novrian Dony. "Banana Peels Pectin Templated Silica Ultrafiltration Membrane in Disk Plate Configuration Applied for Wetland Water Treatment." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 100, no. 1 (2022): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.100.1.7788.

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South Kalimantan has natural surface water such as wetland water which easily found to prevent water scarcity. Two types of wetland water provided in tropical area i.e. (1) peat water which located in land area; and (2) wetland saline water that area is near to coastal zone. Both are unsuitable for consumption and required to be treated. Ultrafiltration (UF) is one of methods that can be applied for treating natural wetland water using silica membrane. However, it needs improved by carbon due to lacking its low hydrostability properties. This works investigated performance of banana pectin tem

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Baganov, Nikolay, Yuriy Zhevora, Elena Zubenko, Nikolay Maryin, and Kseniya Volkova. "TECHNOLOGICAL WAYS TO ENSURE THE QUALITY OF REPAIR OF RESOURCE ASSEMBLY UNITS OF ENGINES." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin 63, no. 1 (2025): 28–32. https://doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2025-63-1-28-32.

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The resource of repaired engines depends on the resource of basic assembly units and parts. The resource assembly units of the engine are the cylinder block assembly and the crankshaft assembly. (Research purpose) The research purpose is determining the hardness and microstructure of the material of the crankshaft necks of the SMD-62 engines, as well as micrometering of the geometric parameters of the working surfaces of the crankcase block of the SMD-62 engines on the assembly line. (Materials and methods) The hardness of the crankshaft necks was measured on a Rockwell device; the geometric p

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