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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Calcite twinning

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Academic literature on the topic 'Calcite twinning'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Calcite twinning"

1

Leiss, B., S. Siegesmund, and K. Weber. "Texture Asymmetries as Shear Sense Indicators in Naturally Deformed Mono- and Polyphase Carbonate Rocks." Textures and Microstructures 33, no. 1-4 (January 1, 1999): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.33.61.

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The microstructural and quantitative texture analyses of a naturally deformed calcite mylonite, a dolomite mylonite and a dolomitic calcite mylonite reveal different texture asymmetries for comparable deformation conditions. Calcite shows a c-axis maximum rotated against the shear sense with regard to the main shear plane. In contrast, the dolomite shows a c-axis maximum rotated with the shear sense. In accordance with the experimental and simulated textures from the literature, this difference proves e-twinning and r-slip for calcite and f-twinning and c-slip for dolomite as the main deformation mechanisms. The dolomitic calcite mylonite shows for both the calcite and the dolomite a c-axis maximum rotated against the shear sense. On account of the microstructure of this sample, the dolomite texture has been passively overtaken from the deformation texture of calcite during a late-deformative dolomitization. The results significantly contribute to the interpretation that the sampled shear zone is a transpressive strike–slip fault.

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2

Pokroy, B., M. Kapon, F. Marin, N. Adir, and E. Zolotoyabko. "Protein-induced, previously unidentified twin form of calcite." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 18 (April 25, 2007): 7337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0608584104.

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Using single-crystal x-ray diffraction, we found a formerly unknown twin form in calcite crystals grown from solution to which a mollusc shell-derived 17-kDa protein, Caspartin, was added. This intracrystalline protein was extracted from the calcitic prisms of the Pinna nobilis shells. The observed twin form is characterized by the twinning plane of the (108)-type, which is in addition to the known four twin laws of calcite identified during 150 years of investigations. The established twin forms in calcite have twinning planes of the (001)-, (012)-, (104)-, and (018)-types. Our discovery provides additional evidence on the crucial role of biological macromolecules in biomineralization.

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Rocher, Muriel, Marc Cushing, Francis Lemeille, and Stéphane Baize. "Stress induced by the Mio-Pliocene Alpine collision in northern France." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 176, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/176.4.319.

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Abstract In most rocks, tectonic stress induces crystalline deformation, such as mechanical twinning. The inverse analysis of calcite twinning allows reconstruction of both directions and values of the paleostress field. The Etchecopar inverse method using calcite twinning has been improved in this paper, lowering the uncertainties on the calculated stress values. Calcite was sampled in the foreland of the western Alps, along a SE-NW section from the Jura Mountains to the Isle of Wight. The calcite twinning inversion has identified the successive Cenozoic tectonic events, named “Pyrenean” compression, “Oligocene” extension and “Alpine” compression. The distribution of the Mio-Pliocene Alpine orogenic stress was specified. This stress field varies in terms of stress regime, directions and values. The horizontal principal stress trends E-W in southern France, WNW in the centre, and NW in the North, which can be attributed to the Alpine indenter phenomenon. The tectonic stress regime roughly corresponds to a pure compression in the Jura and rapidly evolves to the NW to a strike-slip state of stress, then beyond the Paris basin’s centre to a perpendicular extension. Unlike the Pyrenean or Appalachian foreland stress, the Alpine differential stress does not significantly decrease from the Jura front to the far field (30 to 25 MPa). Moreover, stress values vary from one area to another, low in the Burgundy high, fractured and uprising during this tectonic event, and high in Paris basin centre, poorly fractured and subsiding during this event. Three possible explanations are proposed : variation in crust thickness, crustal buckling during the Mio-Pliocene, and pre-existing fractures.

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Parlangeau, Camille, Alexandre Dimanov, Olivier Lacombe, Simon Hallais, and Jean-Marc Daniel. "Uniaxial compression of calcite single crystals at room temperature: insights into twinning activation and development." Solid Earth 10, no. 1 (February 7, 2019): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-10-307-2019.

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Abstract. E-twinning is a common plastic deformation mechanism in calcite deformed at low temperature. Strain rate, temperature and confining pressure have negligible effects on twinning activation which is mainly dependent on differential stress. The critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) required for twinning activation is dependent on grain size and strain hardening. This CRSS value may obey the Hall–Petch relation, but due to sparse experimental data its actual evolution with grain size and strain still remains a matter of debate. In order to provide additional constraints on twinning activation and development, new mechanical tests were carried out at room temperature on unconfined single crystals of calcite, with different sizes and crystallographic orientations. Uniaxial deformation was performed at a controlled displacement rate, while the sample surface was monitored using optical microscopy and a high-resolution CCD (charge-coupled device) camera. The retrieved macroscopic stress–strain behavior of the crystals was correlated with the surface observations of the deformation process. Results show (1) the onset of crystal plasticity with the activation of the first isolated mechanical twins during the strain hardening stage, and (2) the densification and thickening of twin lamellae during the steady-state flow stress stage. Such thickening of twin lamellae at room temperature emphasizes that calcite twin morphology is not controlled solely by temperature. The different values for the CRSS obtained for the activation of isolated twins and for the onset of twin densification and thickening raises questions regarding the appropriate value to be considered when using calcite twin data for stress inversion purposes.

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Lacombe, Olivier, Camille Parlangeau, Nicolas E. Beaudoin, and Khalid Amrouch. "Calcite Twin Formation, Measurement and Use as Stress–Strain Indicators: A Review of Progress over the Last Decade." Geosciences 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11110445.

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Mechanical twins are common microstructures in deformed calcite. Calcite twins have been used for a long time as indicators of stress/strain orientations and magnitudes. Developments during the last decade point toward significant improvements of existing techniques as well as new applications of calcite twin analysis in tectonic studies. This review summarises the recent progress in the understanding of twin formation, including nucleation and growth of twins, and discusses the concept of CRSS and its dependence on several factors such as strain, temperature and grain size. Classical and recent calcite twin measurement techniques are also presented and their pros and cons are discussed. The newly proposed inversion techniques allowing for the use of calcite twins as indicators of orientations and/or magnitudes of stress and strain are summarized. Benefits for tectonic studies are illustrated through the presentation of several applications, from the scale of the individual tectonic structure to the continental scale. The classical use of calcite twin morphology (e.g., thickness) as a straightforward geothermometer is critically discussed in the light of recent observations that thick twins do not always reflect deformation temperature above 170–200 °C. This review also presents how the age of twinning events in natural rocks can be constrained while individual twins cannot be dated yet. Finally, the review addresses the recent technical and conceptual progress in calcite twinning paleopiezometry, together with the promising combination of this paleopiezometer with mechanical analysis of fractures or stylolite roughness.

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Larsson, A. K., and A. G. Christy. "On twinning and microstructures in calcite and dolomite." American Mineralogist 93, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2008.2520.

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Craddock, John P., Uwe Ring, and O. Adrian Pfiffner. "Deformation of the European Plate (58-0 Ma): Evidence from Calcite Twinning Strains." Geosciences 12, no. 6 (June 20, 2022): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12060254.

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We present a data set of calcite twinning strain results (n = 209 samples; 9919 measured calcite twins) from the internal Alpine nappes northwestward across the Alps and Alpine foreland to the older extensional margin along the Atlantic coast in Ireland. Along the coast of Northern Ireland, Cretaceous chalks and Tertiary basalts are cross-cut by calcite veins and offset by calcite-filled normal and strike-slip faults. Both Irish sample suites (n = 16 with four U-Pb vein calcite ages between 70–42 Ma) record a sub-horizontal SW-NE shortening strain with vertical extension and no strain overprint. This sub-horizontal shortening is parallel to the margin of the opening of the Atlantic Ocean (~58 Ma), and this penetrative fabric is only observed ~100 km inboard of the margin to the southeast. The younger, collisional Alpine orogen (~40 Ma) imparted a stress–strain regime dominated by SE-NW sub-horizontal shortening ~1200 km northwest from the Alps preserved in Mesozoic limestones and calcite veins (n = 32) in France, Germany and Britain. This layer-parallel shortening strain (−3.4%, 5% negative expected values) is preserved across the foreland in the plane of Alpine thrust shortening (SE-NW) along with numerous outcrop-scale contractional structures (i.e., folds, thrust faults). Calcite veins were observed in the Alpine foreland in numerous orientations and include both a SE-NW layer-parallel shortening fabric (n = 11) and a sub-vertical NE-SW vein-parallel shortening fabric (n = 4). Alpine foreland strains are compared with twinning strains from the frontal Jura Mountains (n = 9; layer-parallel shortening), the Molasse basin (n = 26; layer-parallel and layer-normal shortening), Pre-Alp nappes (n = 39; layer-parallel and layer-normal shortening), Helvetic and Penninic nappes (Penninic klippe; n = 46; layer-parallel and layer-normal shortening plus four striated U-Pb calcite vein ages ~24 Ma) and calcsilicates from the internal Tauern window (n = 4; layer-normal shortening). We provide a chronology of the stress–strain history of the European plate from 58 Ma through the Alpine orogen.

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Lacombe, Olivier. "Calcite Deformation Twins: From Crystal Plasticity to Applications in Geosciences." Geosciences 12, no. 7 (July 17, 2022): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12070280.

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Craddock, John, Junlai Liu, and Yuanyuan Zheng. "Twinning Strains in Synfolding Calcite, Proterozoic Sinian System, China." Geosciences 8, no. 4 (April 11, 2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8040131.

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Rutter, Ernest, David Wallis, and Kamil Kosiorek. "Application of Electron Backscatter Diffraction to Calcite-Twinning Paleopiezometry." Geosciences 12, no. 6 (May 25, 2022): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12060222.

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Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to determine the orientation of mechanically twinned grains in Carrara marble experimentally deformed to a small strain (≤4%) at room temperature and at a moderate confining pressure (225 MPa). The thicknesses of deformation twins were mostly too small to permit determination of their orientation by EBSD but it proved possible to measure their orientations by calculating possible twin orientations from host grain orientation, then comparing calculated traces to the observed twin traces. The validity of the Turner & Weiss method for principal stress orientations was confirmed, particularly when based on calculation of resolved shear stress. Methods of paleopiezometry based on twinned volume fraction were rejected but a practical approach is explored based on twin density. However, although twin density correlates positively with resolved shear stress, there is intrinsic variability due to unconstrained variables such as non-uniform availability of twin nucleation sites around grain boundaries that imposes a limit on the achievable accuracy of this approach.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Calcite twinning"

1

Rowe, Kelvin James. "The application of a calcite twinning palaeopiezometer to the Cantabrian of N.W. Spain." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46383.

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Fox, Michael E. "An Assessment of Shock Metamorphism for Jeptha Knob, A Suspected Impact Crater in North-Central Kentucky." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1415624495.

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Vaughn, Ginger L. "Orientations and magnitudes of paleostress in the Great Valley Province of northern Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1997. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08252008-162330/.

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Parlangeau, Camille. "Quantification des paléocontraintes par l'analyse des macles de la calcite : nouvelle approche d'acquisition et d'inversion des données et mécaniques du maclage." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066570/document.

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La compréhension et la simulation des mécanismes de déformation dans la croûte supérieure sont des enjeux scientifiques et techniques importants. La calcite étant un minéral commun de la croûte supérieure se déformant essentiellement par maclage sous 200 °C, c'est pour cette raison que l'on s'intéresse plus particulièrement au maclage de la calcite dans le cadre de cette thèse. L'utilisation du maclage de la calcite n'en est pas à son coup d'essai et de nombreuses méthodes d'inversions existent que ce soit pour remonter aux tenseurs des contraintes comme aux tenseurs des déformations. Cette thèse propose une nouvelle méthode d'inversion basée sur l'inversion d'Etchopar permettant de reconstruire 5 sur 6 paramètres du tenseur des contraintes avec une quantification fine des incertitudes. Cette méthode permet de détecter automatiquement l'existence d'un ou de plusieurs évènements tectoniques enregistrés par le maclage de la calcite. Un deuxième volet de la thèse consiste en l'amélioration de la méthode d'acquisition des données de macles en utilisant un EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction). En effet, l'utilisation traditionnelle de la platine universelle a des limitations techniques et amène aussi à un doute visuel sur l'appréciation du statut non-maclé de certains plans, en plus du côté long et fastidieux. Le dernier volet de la thèse consiste à déterminer le seuil de maclage de la calcite pour différentes tailles de grains à l'aide de tests mécaniques sous une presse uniaxiale. Qui plus est, le suivi en continu des déformations sur les monocristaux de calcite a permis de mettre en évidence le comportement macroscopique d'un cristal de calcite et la séquence de maclage
The understanding and modelling of deformation mechanics in the upper crust are important scientific and technical issues. The calcite is a common mineral in the upper crust and mainly deforms by twinning under 200°C. That is why we are interested by calcite twinning as part of this thesis. It is not the first time that calcite twinning is used to reconstruct paleostress or paleostrain tensors. This thesis propose a new inversion method based on the Etchecopar’s one allowing to reconstruct 5 among 6 parameters of the stress tensor with an accurate quantification of the uncertainties. This method allows to automatically detect the realness of one or several tectonic events recorded by calcite twinning. A second part of the thesis consists in the improvement of the data acquisition by using EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction). In fact, the traditional use of the universal stage has technical limitations and brings some optical doubt about the untwinned status of few planes in addition to the long and tedious side. The last part of the thesis consists in the establishing the threshold of calcite twinning for different grain sizes by mechanical tests under a uniaxial press. Moreover, the continuous monitoring of the experiments using single crystals of calcite allowed to highlight the macroscopic behavior of a single crystal and the sequence of twinning

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5

Parlangeau, Camille. "Quantification des paléocontraintes par l'analyse des macles de la calcite : nouvelle approche d'acquisition et d'inversion des données et mécaniques du maclage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066570.

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La compréhension et la simulation des mécanismes de déformation dans la croûte supérieure sont des enjeux scientifiques et techniques importants. La calcite étant un minéral commun de la croûte supérieure se déformant essentiellement par maclage sous 200 °C, c'est pour cette raison que l'on s'intéresse plus particulièrement au maclage de la calcite dans le cadre de cette thèse. L'utilisation du maclage de la calcite n'en est pas à son coup d'essai et de nombreuses méthodes d'inversions existent que ce soit pour remonter aux tenseurs des contraintes comme aux tenseurs des déformations. Cette thèse propose une nouvelle méthode d'inversion basée sur l'inversion d'Etchopar permettant de reconstruire 5 sur 6 paramètres du tenseur des contraintes avec une quantification fine des incertitudes. Cette méthode permet de détecter automatiquement l'existence d'un ou de plusieurs évènements tectoniques enregistrés par le maclage de la calcite. Un deuxième volet de la thèse consiste en l'amélioration de la méthode d'acquisition des données de macles en utilisant un EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction). En effet, l'utilisation traditionnelle de la platine universelle a des limitations techniques et amène aussi à un doute visuel sur l'appréciation du statut non-maclé de certains plans, en plus du côté long et fastidieux. Le dernier volet de la thèse consiste à déterminer le seuil de maclage de la calcite pour différentes tailles de grains à l'aide de tests mécaniques sous une presse uniaxiale. Qui plus est, le suivi en continu des déformations sur les monocristaux de calcite a permis de mettre en évidence le comportement macroscopique d'un cristal de calcite et la séquence de maclage
The understanding and modelling of deformation mechanics in the upper crust are important scientific and technical issues. The calcite is a common mineral in the upper crust and mainly deforms by twinning under 200°C. That is why we are interested by calcite twinning as part of this thesis. It is not the first time that calcite twinning is used to reconstruct paleostress or paleostrain tensors. This thesis propose a new inversion method based on the Etchecopar’s one allowing to reconstruct 5 among 6 parameters of the stress tensor with an accurate quantification of the uncertainties. This method allows to automatically detect the realness of one or several tectonic events recorded by calcite twinning. A second part of the thesis consists in the improvement of the data acquisition by using EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction). In fact, the traditional use of the universal stage has technical limitations and brings some optical doubt about the untwinned status of few planes in addition to the long and tedious side. The last part of the thesis consists in the establishing the threshold of calcite twinning for different grain sizes by mechanical tests under a uniaxial press. Moreover, the continuous monitoring of the experiments using single crystals of calcite allowed to highlight the macroscopic behavior of a single crystal and the sequence of twinning

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6

Kuo, Chu-Kai, and 郭竹鎧. "Paleostrain and Paleostress of Southwestern Taiwan Inferred from Calcite Twinning Analysis." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99331502697042451027.

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碩士
國立中央大學
應用地質研究所
84
Uplifted Plio-Pleistocene reefal limestones in southwestern Taiwan record the recent and present-day strain field in the foreland of the active Taiwan collision belt. On the basis of coaxial deformation and maximum resolved shear stress, the paleostress field can be inferred from the measured strain data. The study utilitizes Groshong''s strain-gage technique coupled with Spang''s numerical dynamic analysis to inferthe paleostrain and paleostress in southwestern Taiwan. Additional limestone samples were collected in the quarry of the Chihkoshan area in Chutung to investigate the temporal and spatial variations in both strain and stress fields. Results indicate that except samples from Chutung, the magnitude ofcalcite twinning strain increases from south to north or with increasivethe age of the limestone. Regarding the azimuth of the principal stressand strain axes, the Kungtien Limestones in Chiayi show two phases of orthogonal strain field. One of the maximum shortening strain-axis is SE-NW direction (115°~142°) and another is in the NE-SW direction (14°~55°). Samples from the Chentoushan to Niushan area in Tainan indicate only one phase of inhomogeneous stress. The maximum shortening strain-axis is in the SEE-NWW direction (113°~135°). West of the Kaohsiung area, one phase of stress was found with the maximum shortening strain-axis in the SEE-NWW direction (94°~124°). Among the area in Shoushan, Fengshan and Hengchun in Pingdon, the strain tensors reveal a maximum shortening strain-axis is in the N-S direction (149° ~224°) and a corresponding one phase of inhomogeneous stress. In the Chihkoshan area, samples show one phase of stress, and the maximum shortening strain-axis is in the SEE-NWW direction (111°~132°). In summary, all samples collected from southwestern Taiwan show a set of the maximal compressional stress axes with SE or SEE direction, which is consistent with the present-day tectonic stress.

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Book chapters on the topic "Calcite twinning"

1

"Calcite Twinning." In Nanoscale. The MIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/8166.003.0025.

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Craddock, John P., and David H. Malone. "An overview of strains in the Sevier thin-skinned thrust belt, Idaho and Wyoming, USA (latitude 42° N)." In Tectonic Evolution of the Sevier-Laramide Hinterland, Thrust Belt, and Foreland, and Postorogenic Slab Rollback (180–20 Ma). Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2555(05).

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ABSTRACT Calcite twinning analysis across the central, unbuttressed portion of the Sevier thin-skin thrust belt, using Cambrian–Cretaceous limestones (n = 121) and synorogenic calcite veins (n = 31), records a complex strain history for the Sevier belt, Idaho and Wyoming, USA. Plots of fabric types (layer-parallel shortening, layer-normal shortening, etc.), shortening and extension axes for the Paris thrust (west, oldest, n = 11), Meade thrust (n = 46), Crawford thrust (n = 15), Absaroka thrust (n = 55), Darby thrust (n = 13), Lander Peak klippe (n = 5), eastern Prospect thrust (n = 6), and distal Cretaceous foreland (n = 3) reveal a W-E layer-parallel shortening strain only in the Prospect thrust and distal foreland. Calcite twinning strains in all western, internal thrust sheets are complex mixes of layer-parallel (LPS), layer-normal (LNS), and non-plane strains in limestones and synorogenic calcite veins. This complex strain fabric is best interpreted as the result of oblique convergence to the west and repeated eastward overthrusting by the Paris thrust.

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Craddock, John P., David H. Malone, Alex Konstantinou, John Spruell, and Ryan Porter. "Calcite twinning strains associated with Laramide uplifts, Wyoming Province." In Tectonic Evolution of the Sevier-Laramide Hinterland, Thrust Belt, and Foreland, and Postorogenic Slab Rollback (180–20 Ma). Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2555(06).

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ABSTRACT We report the results of 167 calcite twinning strain analyses (131 limestones and 36 calcite veins, n = 7368 twin measurements)t from the Teton–Gros Ventre (west; n = 21), Wind River (n = 43), Beartooth (n = 32), Bighorn (n = 32), and Black Hills (east; n = 11) Laramide uplifts. Country rock limestones record only a layer-parallel shortening (LPS) strain fabric in many orientations across the region. Synorogenic veins record both vein-parallel shortening (VPS) and vein-normal shortening (VNS) fabrics in many orientations. Twinning strain overprints were not observed in the limestone or vein samples in the supracrustal sedimentary veneer (i.e., drape folds), thereby suggesting that the deformation and uplift of Archean crystalline rocks that form Laramide structures were dominated by offset on faults in the Archean crystalline basement and associated shortening in the midcrust. The twinning strains in the pre-Sevier Jurassic Sundance Formation, in the frontal Prospect thrust of the Sevier belt, and in the distal (eastern) foreland preserve an LPS oriented approximately E-W. This LPS fabric is rotated in unique orientations in Laramide uplifts, suggesting that all but the Bighorn Mountains were uplifted by oblique-slip faults. Detailed field and twinning strain studies of drape folds identified second-order complexities, including: layer-parallel slip through the fold axis (Clarks Fork anticline), attenuation of the sedimentary section and fold axis rotation (Rattlesnake Mountain), rotation of the fold axis and LPS fabric (Derby Dome), and vertical rotations of the LPS fabric about a horizontal axis with 35% attenuation of the sedimentary section (eastern Bighorns). Regional cross sections (E-W) across the Laramide province have an excess of sedimentary veneer rocks that balance with displacement on a detachment at 30 km depth and perhaps along the Moho discontinuity at 40 km depth. Crustal volumes in the Wyoming Province balance when deformation in the western hinterland is included.

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Malone, David, John Craddock, Alexandra Wallenberg, Betrand Gaschot, and John A. Luczaj. "Geology of Chief Joseph Pass, Wyoming: Crest of Rattlesnake Mountain anticline and escape path of the Eocene Heart Mountain slide." In Tectonic Evolution of the Sevier-Laramide Hinterland, Thrust Belt, and Foreland, and Postorogenic Slab Rollback (180–20 Ma). Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2022.2555(12).

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ABSTRACT Rattlesnake Mountain is a Laramide uplift cored by Archean gneiss that formed by offset along two reverse faults with opposing dips, the result being an asymmetric anticline with a drape fold of Cambrian–Cretaceous sediments. Rattlesnake Mountain was uplifted ca. 57 Ma and was a structural buttress that impeded motion of upper-plate blocks of the catastrophic Heart Mountain slide (49.19 Ma). North of Pat O’Hara Mountain anticline, Rattlesnake Mountain anticline has a central graben that formed ca. 52 Ma (U-Pb age on vein calcite in normal faults) into which O- and C-depleted fluids propagated upward with hydrocarbons. The graben is defined by down-dropped Triassic Chugwater shales atop the anticline that facilitated motion of Heart Mountain slide blocks of Paleozoic limestones dolomite (i.e., the Ordovician Bighorn Dolomite and Mississippian Madison Limestone) onto, and over, Rattlesnake Mountain into the Bighorn Basin. Heart Mountain fault gouge was also injected downward into the bounding Rattlesnake Mountain graben normal faults (U-Pb age ca. 48.8 ± 5 Ma), based on O and C isotopes; there is no anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility fabric present. Calcite veins parallel to graben normal faults precipitated from meteoric waters (recorded by O and C isotopes) heated by the uplifting Rattlesnake Mountain anticline and crystallized at 57 °C (fluid inclusions) in the presence of oil. Calcite twinning strain results from graben injectites and calcite veins are different; we also documented a random layer-parallel shortening strain pattern for the Heart Mountain slide blocks in the ramp region (n = 4; west) and on the land surface (n = 5; atop Rattlesnake Mountain). We observed an absence of any twinning strain overprint (low negative expected values) in the allochthonous upper-plate blocks and in autochthonous carbonates directly below the Heart Mountain slide surface, again indicating rapid motion including horizontal rotation about vertical axes of the upper-plate Heart Mountain slide blocks during the Eocene.

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van der Pluijm, Ben A., and John P. Craddock. "Some remarks on rheology and fluid migration in the Paleozoic eastern Midcontinent of North America from regional calcite twinning patterns." In Basement and basins of eastern North America. Geological Society of America, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2308-6.181.

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Conference papers on the topic "Calcite twinning"

1

Craddock, John P., David Malone, Jakob Wartman, Megan Kelly, Junlai Liu, Maura Bussolotto, Chiari Invernizzi, Jeffrey R. Knott, and Ryan C. Porter. "TWINNING STRAINS FROM SYN-FAULTING CALCITE GOUGE: SMALL-OFFSET STRIKE-SLIP, NORMAL AND THRUST FAULTS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-338487.

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