Relevant bibliographies by topics / Calcium chlorate

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Calcium chlorate'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Calcium chlorate"

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Li, Yan, Tiefu Xu, Chongwei Cui, and Yingxue Li. "The adsorption of chlorite and chlorate by calcium carbonate in a drinking water pipe network." Desalination and Water Treatment 53, no. 7 (October 28, 2013): 1881–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.856347.

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Li, Lian Fang, Wei Min Wang, Chang Xing Liao, Yi Yi Zhou, and Jia Hao Gong. "Studies on Treatment of Waste Fountain Solution from Sheet-Fed Offset Printing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 731 (January 2015): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.321.

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This article explores treatment method of waste fountain solution from sheet-fed offset printing. First calcium chlorate is used to have a oxidation treatment for the waste water, then it is dealt with composite coagulants polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and cation polyacrylamide (CPAM) under different pH value. The results show that quality of the waste fountain solution could reach the national second-grade standard of sewage comprehensive discharge through the above treatment (GB 8978--1996) when treating with 0.7 g/L calcium hypochlorite and then sinking with PAC 4.0 g/L, CPAM 75.0 mg/L under the pH value of 8.0 for about 10 minutes. With the optimum treatment conditions removal rates of COD, ammonia nitrogen, phosphate and hexavalent chromium are above 90%, 94%, near to 98% and above 99% respectively.
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Hu, Yufeng, Shengwei Shi, Yanguang Zhang, Quanguo Zhou, Lixiang Wang, Dongge Ma, and Xinglin Li. "Efficient sodium chlorate/calcium/aluminum cathode for polymer light-emitting diodes." Thin Solid Films 489, no. 1-2 (October 2005): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2005.05.017.

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Khamdamova, Sh Sh. "INTERACTION OF COMPONENTS IN WATER SYSTEM WITH CALCIUM DI-UREA-CHLORATE AND UREA PHOSPHATE." PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 7, no. 2 (June 2017): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2017-7-2-9-15.

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Khamdamova, Sh Sh. "Solubility in ternary aqueous systems including calcium chlorate and diethanolamine (triethanolamine) at 25°C." Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 62, no. 11 (November 2017): 1520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036023617110092.

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KOTULA, A. W., and A. K. SHARAR. "Presence of Yersinia enterocolitica Serotype O:5,27 in Slaughter Pigs." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.3.215.

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The tonsils, tongue, mesenteric lymph nodes, cecal contents, and feces from 50 slaughter pigs were evaluated for the presence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica. The cecal contents and feces of two pigs were positive (4%) with the pathogenic serotype O:5,27, biotype 3, whereas all other pigs were negative for pathogenic serotypes of Y. enterocolitica. The pathogenic serotypes were isolated from the cecal contents and feces using the stomacher sampling method. The cold enrichment in phosphate buffered saline and plating in Cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin medium. No pathogenic serotypes were recovered using the swab sampling technique, enrichment in Irgasan-ticarcillin-chlorate, and plating in modified Salmonella-Shigella deoxycholate-calcium chloride medium. The isolation of only 4% positive pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in our sampling of pigs in one production unit provides some encouragement that detection and control procedures might be effectively implemented to reduce or eliminate serotype O:5,27 from that herd.
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Sritontip, C., Y. Khaosumain, S. Changjaraja, and R. Poruksa. "EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM CHLORATE, SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE AND CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE ON FLOWERING AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN 'DO' LONGAN." Acta Horticulturae, no. 665 (January 2005): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.665.31.

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Wang, Xiao Shu, Min Zhou, Hao Bo Hou, Wei Xin Wang, and Yan Shao. "Study on Preparation of High-Strength Gypsum by FGD Gypsum." Advanced Materials Research 878 (January 2014): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.292.

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With the enlarging of industrial desulfurization, the amount of FGD gypsum is increasing rapidly. The preparation of alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-HH) is one of the biggest concerns for FGD gypsum reclamation. The influence of mixed chlorate solution of Mg-Ca-Na concentrations (5-30 wt%) and FGD gypsum concentrations (5-30 wt%) by hydrothermal salt solution method at atmospheric were investigated at temperatures (75-99°C) within a reaction time of 4h and a pH value of neutral. The results showed that 20 wt%, 20 wt% and 97°C was respectively optimal parameter of salt media concentration, FGD gypsum concentration and temperature. Products obtained from the dehydration process of optional experimental conditions with mixed crystal modifier were characterized based on relevant standards in this study. The results showed that α-HH had integrity crystal structure, 2h flexural strength and oven dry compressive strength were 5.34MPa and 30.21MPa, which had meet the industry standards of α30 grade.
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Habes, Chahrazed, Günther Weber, and Caroline Goupille. "Sulfated Glycoaminoglycans and Proteoglycan Syndecan-4 Are Involved in Membrane Fixation of LL-37 and Its Pro-Migratory Effect in Breast Cancer Cells." Biomolecules 9, no. 9 (September 12, 2019): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9090481.

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Initially characterized by its antimicrobial activities, LL-37 has also been shown to significantly contribute to tumor development. On breast cancer cell lines, LL-37 increases intracellular calcium via the TRPV2 channel and their migration via the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Its all-d enantiomer d-LL-37 induces similar effects, which excludes a protein-protein interaction of LL-37 in a classic ligand-receptor manner. Its net charge of +6 gave rise to the hypothesis that the peptide uses the negative charges of sulfoglycans or sialic acids to facilitate its attachment to the cell membrane and to induce its activities. Whereas several vegetal lectins, specifically attaching to sialylated or sulfated structures, blocked the activities of LL-37 on both calcium increase and cell migration, several sialidases had no effect. However, the competitive use of free sulfated glycoaminoglycans (GAGs) as chrondroitin and heparin, or treatment of the cell surface with chondroitinase and heparinase resulted in an activity loss of 50–100% for LL-37. Concordant results were obtained by blocking the synthesis of GAGs with 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-d-xyloside, and by suppression of glycan sulfatation by sodium chlorate. Using a candidate approach by suppressing proteoglycan synthesis using RNA interference, syndecan-4 was shown to be required for the activities of LL-37 and its binding to the cell surface. This leads to the conclusion that syndecan-4, by means of sulfated GAGs, could act as a receptor for LL-37.
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Brundavanam, Ravi Krishna, Derek Fawcett, and Gérrard Eddy Jai Poinern. "Synthesis of a bone like composite material derived from waste pearl oyster shells for potential bone tissue bioengineering applications." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 6 (May 27, 2017): 2454. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20172428.

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Background: Hydroxyapatite is generally considered a viable substitute for bone in a number of medical procedures such as bone repair, bone augmentation and coating metal implants. Unfortunately, hydroxyapatite has poor mechanical properties that make it unsuitable for many load bearing applications.Methods: In the present work various grades of finely crushed Pinctada maxima (pearl oyster shell) were combined with a nanometer scale hydroxyapatite powder to form novel composite materials. A comparative study was made between the various powder based composites synthesized. The crystalline structure and morphology of the various powder based composites were investigated using X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The composite materials were also evaluated and characterized.Results: Manufactured hydroxyapatite powders were composed of crystalline spherical/granular particles with a mean size of 30 nm. Also produced were hydroxyapatite and finely crushed calcium carbonate from Pinctada maxima (pearl oyster shell) powder mixtures. Hydroxyapatite coatings produced on Pinctada maxima nacre substrates were investigated and their surface characteristics reported.Conclusions: Pinctada maxima nacre pre-treated with sodium hypo chlorate before hydroxyapatite deposition produced a superior coating and could be used for bone tissue engineering. But further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate the biocompatibility and long term stability of this composite coating.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Calcium chlorate"

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Steger, Laurent. "Etude de l'accélération des ciments à haute teneur en laitier de haut-fourneaux par du chlorure de calcium." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30333.

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Les laitiers de hauts fourneaux sont un coproduit de l'industrie métallurgique, utilisés dans les ciments composés (CEM II & III) en substitution partielle du clinker portland et reconnus notamment pour leurs avantages en termes d'abaissement de chaleur d'hydratation, d'augmentation des performances de durabilité et de réduction du bilan carbone des bétons. Bien qu'atteignant des performances mécaniques ultimes comparables voire supérieures au ciment portland (CEM I), les liants proposant de forts taux de laitier voient le développement de leur résistance mécanique fortement ralenti. Ce phénomène s'explique par une réactivité plus faible du laitier qui nécessite des conditions "d'activation" pour réagir correctement. Il existe divers additifs ayant pour effet d'accélérer le durcissement des ciments, parmi lesquels le chlorure de calcium montre les meilleures performances. Les effets du chlorure de calcium sont particulièrement importants durant les premiers jours de l'hydratation. Cependant, leur usage est fortement règlementé en raison de l'effet corrosif du chlore sur les aciers du béton armé. Les objectifs de la thèse visent à étudier les mécanismes d'action du chlorure de calcium sur les matrices ciment-laitier durant les premiers jours d'hydratation. Un panel de techniques expérimentales a été utilisé pour identifier spécifiquement l'action des chlorures sur le laitier et le ciment. Des couplages DRX-Analyse d'Images MEB et RMN montrent que le chlorure de calcium entraîne une précipitation accélérée de portlandite et d'ettringite, issus de l'augmentation du taux de réaction du clinker. Le démarrage de la réaction du laitier s'opère après environ 12 heures, et n'est pas impacté par le chlorure de calcium. En revanche, le taux de réaction du laitier augmente en présence de l'accélérateur. On observe la formation rapide, importante et exclusive de Sels de Friedel en présence de chlorure, en remplacement des AFm sulfatés et/ou carbonatés. L'augmentation du taux de réaction des phases anhydres entraîne la précipitation de C-S-H supplémentaire. Cette formation de Sels de Friedel et de C-S-H provoquent un remplissage plus rapide de la porosité et l'augmentation des performances mécaniques
Blast furnace slags are a co-product of the metallurgical industry, used in composite cements (CEM II & III) as a partial substitution for Portland clinker and recognized in particular for their advantages in terms of lowering the heat of hydration, increased durability performance and reduced carbon footprint of concrete. Although achieving ultimate mechanical performance comparable to or better than Portland cement (CEM I), binders offering high levels of slag see the development of their mechanical strength greatly slowed down. This phenomenon is explained by a lower reactivity of the slag which requires "activation" conditions to react properly. There are various additives that accelerate the hardening of cements, among which calcium chloride shows the best performance. The effects of calcium chloride are particularly important during the first days of hydration. However, their use is strongly regulated because of the corrosive effect of chlorine on steels of reinforced concrete. The objectives of the thesis are to study the mechanisms of action of calcium chloride on cement-slag binders during the first days of hydration. A panel of experimental techniques has been used to specifically identify the action of chlorides on slag and cement. Coupled results from XRD-NMR SEM experiments show that calcium chloride causes an accelerated precipitation of portlandite and ettringite, resulting from the increase in the reaction rate of clinker. The start of the slag reaction takes place after about 12 hours, and is not impacted by the calcium chloride. On the other hand, the reaction rate of the slag increases in the presence of the accelerator. The rapid, significant and exclusive formation of Friedel salts in the presence of chloride is observed, replacing sulphated and / or carbonated AFm. Increasing the reaction rate of the anhydrous phases results in the precipitation of additional C-S-H. This formation of Friedel salts and C-S-H causes a faster filling of the porosity and the increase of the mechanical performances
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Vidal, Vitor Andre Silva 1991. "Efeito da redução de cloreto de sódio e fosfato sobre as propriedades funcionais de emulsões cárneas adicionadas de sais substitutos." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255102.

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Orientador: Marise Aparecida Rodrigues Pollonio
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T16:10:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vidal_VitorAndreSilva_M.pdf: 1623174 bytes, checksum: fd05ba4c61253e55cc357bf9bd34bf91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Com o aumento das informações científicas sobre a relação entre a quantidade e composição de alimentos consumidos na dieta e a saúde, a busca por alimentos mais saudáveis tornou-se relevante nas escolhas dos consumidores. A carne e os produtos cárneos são excelente fonte de oligoelementos, proteínas de alto valor biológico, minerais, vitaminas do grupo B e outros compostos bioativos. Porém, os elevados níveis de ácidos graxos saturados, colesterol, gordura, aditivos e, especialmente sódio tem imposto limites ao seu consumo. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a redução do teor de cloreto de sódio (NaCl), principal fonte de sódio e tripolifosfato de sódio (TPFS) em emulsões cárneas de baixo custo (alto teor de carne de frango mecanicamente separada) e em formulações nobres (alto teor de matéria-prima cárnea). O estudo foi dividido em duas etapas. Na primeira, foram elaboradas emulsões cárneas populares (60% de carne de frango mecanicamente separada) contendo sais substitutos (NaCl, KCl e CaCl2) combinados ou isolados com base na força iônica correspondente a 2,5% de NaCl, e formulações com apenas redução de 50% destes sais e TPFS com objetivo de avaliar o efeito sobre as propriedades físico-químicas. Na segunda etapa, foram elaborados 5 tratamentos que apresentaram melhor desempenho na primeira etapa, contendo formulações com blend de sais (NaCl, KCl e CaCl2), e redução de 50% de NaCl e TPFS em emulsões cárneas com alto teor de matéria-prima cárnea. O objetivo da segunda etapa foi igualmente utilizar blends de sais como estratégia para reduzir parcialmente o teor de NaCl e TPFS em emulsões cárneas elaboradas com alto teor de matéria-prima cárnea e verificar o efeito destes nas características físico-químicas a fim de que as matrizes cárneas pudessem ser comparadas. Na primeira e segunda etapa foram determinados: teores de Na, K e Ca, estabilidade de emulsão, pH, avaliação da cor instrumental, Aw, microestrutura e perfil de textura. O KCl foi reportado como o melhor sal substituto ao NaCl, não tendo diferença ou resultando somente em pequenas diferenças em relação aos tratamentos contendo apenas NaCl. O sal substituto CaCl2 causou efeito negativo nas características da matriz cárnea, principalmente na porcentagem de extração das proteínas miofibrilares, ainda que com a mesma força iônica que NaCl. O uso de blend de sais (50% NaCl, 25% KCl e 25% CaCl2) mostrou-se ser uma boa alternativa para redução de sódio. Desta forma, a combinação de sais substitutos (50% NaCl, 25% KCl e 25% CaCl2) e utilização do KCl como sal substituto ao NaCl apresentou-se como uma alternativa para redução de sódio tanto em emulsões cárneas com alto teor de matéria-prima cárnea quanto em emulsão cárnea com alto teor de CMS. No entanto, a redução de fosfato em formulações populares com redução de sódio e adicionada de sais substitutos deve ser melhor investigada para ser implementada
Abstract: The scientific and technological development on food composition and its relationship with food intake and health has led consumer to make healthier food choices. Meat and meat products are excellent source of trace elements, protein with high biological value, minerals, B vitamins and other bioactive compounds. However, their high levels of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, fat, additives and especially sodium have imposed limits on consumption. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the reduction of sodium chloride (NaCl), the main source of sodium, and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) in low-cost meat emulsions (high content of mechanically separated poultry meat) and noble formulations (high content of meat raw material). The study was divided into two stages. First, popular meat emulsions were prepared (60% of mechanically deboned poultry meat) containing salts substitutes (NaCl, KCl and CaCl2) alone or in combination, corresponding to ionic strength of 2.5% NaCl. Then, formulations containing 50% of these salts and STPP were also prepared to evaluate the effect of salt reduction on the physicochemical properties of the processed products. In the second stage, the five treatments with the best performance were prepared, containing blend of salts (NaCl, KCl and CaCl2), and 50% reduction of NaCl and STPP in meat emulsions with high content of meat raw material. The second stage aimed to utilize blends of salts as a strategy to partially reduce NaCl and STPP in meat emulsions containing high content of meat raw material, and to verify its effect on the physicochemical characteristics and compare the meat matrices. In both stages, Na, K and Ca, emulsion stability, pH, instrumental color, aw, microstructure and texture profile were determined. The KCl was reported as the best substitute to NaCl, once little differences were observed in the treatments containing only NaCl. The salt substitute CaCl2 caused a negative effect on the characteristics of the meat matrix especially in the percentage of myofibrillar proteins extracted, despite the similar NaCl ionic strength of all formulations. The use of salt blend (50% NaCl, 25% KCl, and CaCl2 25%) proved to be a good alternative to sodium reduction. Thus, the combination of salt substitutes (50% NaCl, 25% KCl, and 25% CaCl2) and the use of KCl as NaCl substitute may be an alternative to sodium reduction in both emulsions with a high content of meat raw material as with high content of mechanically deboned poultry meat. However, further studies are required on the phosphate reduction in the popular formulations containing low sodium and salt substitutes
Mestrado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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Dirkse, Jason Lennart. "A preliminary study of the effect of calcium chloride highway anti-icer liquid on roadside trees in Leavenworth, Washington." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2006/j%5Fdirkse%5F042706.pdf.

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Girgin, Seref. "Crystallization of alpha-calcium sulphate hemihydrate by aqueous reaction of calcium chloride with sulphuric acid." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102980.

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The crystallization of alpha-calcium sulphate hemihydrate with simultaneous regeneration of HCl by controlling the reaction of H 2SO4 (2.6M-8M) with concentrated CaCl2 (1-3.5M) solution at 80°C was investigated. The research included 3 studies: (a) study of the kinetics and mechanism of CaSO4 dehydrate (DH) conversion to hemihydrate (HH) and anhydrite (AH) in variable composition CaCl2 -HCl media; (b) reactive crystallization of alpha-hemihydrate in a semi-batch reactor configuration following the LaMer Diagram concept; and (c) the study of crystal growth and metal uptake by seeded crystallization with and without the presence of several metal chloride salts. According to the first study, AH is the only stable phase in the range of electrolyte concentration and temperature investigated with DH and HH being either metastable or unstable. In the absence of CaCl2 and at 3M HCl concentration or higher DH converts directly to AH. Maintenance of 0.3M or higher CaCl2 concentration was found to render hemihydrate metastable hence making its production feasible. Solubility estimation of three CaSO4 phases with the aid of OLI Stream Analyser software helped to explain the observed phase transition sequence. SEM characterization further revealed the transition from DH to HH to be governed by the topochemical mechanism.
In the reactive crystallization study H2SO4 was the limiting reactant added to the CaCl2 solution up to 0.8 SO 4/Ca molar ratio. The nucleation and growth stages were successfully separated via supersaturation control achieved by regulated addition of the limiting reactant in multiple steps. This separation permitted the growth of the homogeneously nucleated crystals within the metastable zone to needle-shaped hexagonal crystals (acicular habit). Upon recycling (seeding) of the product further growth was achieved, producing crystals with 80 mum - volume based mean crystal diameter- or 100-120 mum length and 10-15 mum diameter. Growth of the seed crystals appeared to follow an agglomeration mechanism. However, in the presence of foreign metal cations (in particular divalent, Mg 2+, Fe2+, Ni2+ and trivalent, Al 3+, Fe3+) crystal growth was severely retarded via their apparent adsorption. Some of the metal cations, namely Na+, Ni2+, Al3+ were found to incorporate into the hemihydrate crystal structure to a variable extent from 0.3g/t for Na to 7g/t for Ni and 11g/t for Al. The chloride uptake was less than 10 ppm.
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Sharma, Aarushi. "HUMAN CLCA2 MODULATES THE CONDUCTANCE OF CALCIUM-ACTIVATED CHLORIDE CHANNELS BY REGULATION OF INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1252.

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Chloride channels play an essential role in the physiology of the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal tract, and secretory glands. Their dysregulation underlies debilitating pathologies such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, and certain cancers. The CLCA (Chloride Channel Accessory) gene family is thought to determine severity of these diseases by modulating an unidentified Calcium-activated Chloride Channel (CaCC). Recent evidence indicates Ano1 to be the mediator of strong quintessential calcium-activated chloride current in several cell types. Ano1 is highly expressed in airway epithelium and downregulated in cystic fibrosis patients. Human CLCA2 is also expressed in epithelium of airways and mammary glands, and there it promotes calcium-activated chloride current. Hence, we hypothesized that CLCA2 modulates the conductance of Ano1. We tested this by introducing Ano1 and CLCA2 together or separately into HEK293 cells, which express endogenous Ano1 at a low level. Using whole-cell voltage clamp, we found that CLCA2 enhanced the conductance of the endogenous CaCC. This current was inhibited by a specific inhibitor of Ano1, tannic acid. CLCA2 also increased both the amplitude and the onset rate of the Ano1-mediated current. To determine the mechanism by which CLCA2 amplifies Ano1 mediated current, we used co-immunoprecipitation with or without a protein cross-linking agent and to test whether the interaction if any, was stable or transient, respectively. Neither any interaction, nor any change in Ano1 multimerization was found. We next tested whether CLCA2 enhanced Ano1 conductance by increasing its stability or surface localization. Surface-labelling the cells expressing Ano1 alone or both proteins with biotin, no difference in Ano1 level or surface expression was detected. Ano1 has recently been shown to be activated by intracellular calcium released from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores and by subsequent store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). Therefore, we investigated whether CLCA2 could increase intracellular calcium levels. With Fluo-4 dye calcium imaging, we found that CLCA2 expression enhanced both ER calcium stores and SOCE upon exhaustion of intracellular stores, and the SOCE response could be abolished by a specific inhibitor of SOCE, BTP-2. This inhibitor also abolished CLCA2-induced chloride current, establishing that CLCA2 enhances CaCC via SOCE. Moreover, knockdown of CLCA2 in MCF10A cells, that naturally express both proteins, reduced both ER calcium stores and SOCE. Mutations that abolished the metalloprotease activity of CLCA2 or deleted the cytoplasmic tail had little effect on its enhancement of chloride current or intracellular calcium, suggesting that the uncleaved ectodomain was responsible for both effects of CLCA2. Since, the ectodomain is the most conserved region of the protein, we found that another member of the CLCA family, CLCA1, was also effective in enhancing intracellular calcium storage and SOCE. Co-immunoprecipitation studies further revealed that CLCA2 interacts in a ternary complex with mediators of SOCE, STIM1 and ORAI1. These results explain the CaCC-enhancing effects of CLCA family members and suggest a broader role in other calcium-dependent processes. Understanding the modulatory relationship between these molecules may lead to better therapies for airway diseases and Ano1-dependent cancers. Furthermore, the discovery that CLCA2 regulates intracellular calcium levels may explain its effects on cellular differentiation, stress response, and cell death.
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Bradley, Jonathan. "Optimisation of anode characteristics of calcium thionyl chloride cells." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1991. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10399.

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In the field of high performance primary battery systems lithium anoded cells have been shown to have an excellent performance and extremely good shelf life. The major drawback with the lithium technology is one of safety, whereby abuse conditions (such as charging of the cell) lead to an unstable system with the very real possibility of a cell explosion. For a commercially available cell consideration of safety issues would preclude the marketing of a high performance lithium cell for general use, rather, it will be reserved for specialist e.g. Military use where the personnel having contact with the power source can be trained in its safe operation. The work described in this thesis is concerned with the development of a high performance battery system utilising calcium as the anode material. Calcium has received attention as an anode material for a high performance battery system because it removes many of the safety problems associated with lithium. The major disadvantages of calcium have been addressed namely the shelf life and discharge performance. The electrochemical techniques of cyclic voltammetry and a.c. impedance have been used in conjunction with physical methods such as scanning electron microscopy to define the mode of operation of these cells.
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Dring, Kevin Frederick. "Electrochemical reduction of titanium dioxide in molten calcium chloride." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8135.

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Gamble, Joanne M. "Field evaluation of calcium nitrite and chloride in Ohio prestressed concrete box beam bridge girders." Ohio : Ohio University, 1996. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178652761.

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Rao, Kartik. "The electrochemical reduction of titanium oxides in molten calcium chloride." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501782.

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Calta, M. "Early development and gill function in freshwater fish." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307766.

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Books on the topic "Calcium chlorate"

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Majmundar, Hasmukhrai H. Mineral commodity report, calcium chloride. Sacramento, Calif: California Dept. of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1985.

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Majmundar, Hasmukhrai H. Mineral commodity report, calcium chloride. Sacramento, Calif: California Dept. of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1985.

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Majmundar, Hasmukhrai H. Mineral commodity report -- Calcium chloride--: Part 1 compiled from the U.S Bureau of Mines publication, Minerals Yearbooks, 1980-1982. Sacramento, Calif: California Dept. of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1985.

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Garrett, Donald E. Handbook of lithium and natural calcium chloride. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004.

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Hagle, Susan K. An assessment of chloride-associated, and other roadside tree damage, on the Selway Road, Nez Perce National Forest. Missoula, MT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 2002.

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United States. Bureau of Mines. Calcium Chloride-Oxygen Leaching and Metals Recovery From an Arsenical Copper-Cobalt Concentrate. S.l: s.n, 1986.

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Spackman, David Gordon. Reactions of sugars in aqueous calcium chloride solutions: A study concerning the mechanism of aldoseketose isomerisation. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1988.

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Mary, Fuller Catherine, ed. Calcium-activated chloride channels. San Diego, Calif: Academic Press, 2002.

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Handbook of Lithium and Natural Calcium Chloride. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-276152-2.x5035-x.

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Bradley, Jonathan. Optimisation of anode characteristics of calcium thionyl chloride cells. 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Calcium chlorate"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Calcium Chloride." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 109. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1823.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Calcium Chloride." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_1487.

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Gallos, George, and Charles W. Emala. "Calcium-Activated Chloride Channels." In Calcium Signaling In Airway Smooth Muscle Cells, 85–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01312-1_5.

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van Gorkom, Hans J., and Charles F. Yocum. "The Calcium and Chloride Cofactors." In Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, 307–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4254-x_14.

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Hüttner, W. "146 CaCl X 2Σ+ Calcium chloride." In Diamagnetic Diatomic Molecules. Part 1, 199. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69954-5_148.

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Kim, Kyung Nam, Dae Yong Shin, Se Gu Son, and Yong Do Kim. "Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate from Calcium Chlorine Solution Using Homogeneous Precipitation Method." In Materials Science Forum, 542–45. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-966-0.542.

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Song, Jianxun, Liwen Hu, Qiuyu Wang, Shuqiang Jiao, and Hongmin Zhu. "Activities of Titanium Ions in Molten Calcium Chloride." In 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 541–44. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093381.ch68.

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Christen, Dines. "Molecular Constants of CaCl X 2Σ+ Calcium Chloride." In Molecular Constants Mostly from Microwave, Molecular Beam, and Sub-Doppler Laser Spectroscopy, 368. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49199-7_110.

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Song, Jianxun, Liwen Hu, Qiuyu Wang, Shuqiang Jiao, and Hongmin Zhu. "Activities of Titanium Ions in Molten Calcium Chloride." In 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 541–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48217-0_68.

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Maitra, Jaya, and Neena Singh. "Starch–Chitosan Blend Cross-Linked with Calcium Chloride." In Advances in Polymer Sciences and Technology, 133–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2568-7_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Calcium chlorate"

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Evans, Kenneth J., S. Daniel Day, Gabriel O. Ilevbare, Michael T. Whalen, Kenneth J. King, Gary A. Hust, Lana L. Wong, John C. Estill, and Rau´l B. Rebak. "Anodic Behavior of Alloy 22 in Calcium Chloride and in Calcium Chloride Plus Calcium Nitrate Brines." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2140.

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Alloy 22 (UNS N60622) is a nickel-based alloy, which is extensively used in aggressive industrial applications, especially due to its resistance to localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in high chloride environments. The purpose of this work was to characterize the anodic behavior of Alloy 22 in concentrated calcium chloride (CaCl2) brines and to evaluate the inhibitive effect of nitrate, especially to localized corrosion. Standard electrochemical tests such as polarization resistance and cyclic polarization were used. Results show that the corrosion potential of Alloy 22 was approximately −360 mV in the silver-silver chloride (SSC) scale and independent of the tested temperature. Cyclic polarization tests showed that Alloy 22 was mainly susceptible to localized attack in 5 M CaCl2 at 75°C and higher temperatures. The addition of nitrate in a molar ratio of chloride to nitrate equal to 10 increased the onset of localized corrosion to approximately 105°C. The addition of nitrate to the solution also decreased the uniform corrosion rate and the passive current of the alloy.
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Partanen, Jatta, Peter Backman, Rainer Backman, and Mikko Hupa. "Formation of Calcium Chloride and Its Interaction With the Sand Particles During Fluidised Bed Combustion." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-156.

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Fluidised bed boilers are well suited to burning fuels that have diverse characteristics such as refuse-derived fuels and biofuels. These fuels often contain various amounts of chlorine. In many countries, the emissions of HCl from waste material combustion are regulated by stringent laws. In the fluidised bed combustion of sulphur-containing fuels, the addition of a Ca-based sorbent into the bed is a widely used method for controlling SO2 emission. In this work, the absorption of HCl with limestone was studied in the laboratory at high temperatures, 650–850°C, by using a special thermogravimetric apparatus (TGA). In addition to the absorption rates, special emphasis was placed on studying the effects of molten phase formation during chlorination. We have recently reported our first results on the interactions between the calcium chloride being formed and the quartz sand. We proposed a chemical mechanism for the formation of the calcium silicate coatings frequently found on the sand particles in fluidised beds. Here, the proposed mechanism in which calcium chloride acts as a crucial intermediate is more thoroughly discussed.
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Themelis, Nickolas J. "Chlorine Sources, Sinks, and Impacts in WTE Power Plants." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3577.

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The principal sources of chlorine in the MSW feed to WTE power plants are food wastes (e.g., wheat, green vegetables, melon, pineapple), yard wastes (leaves, grass, etc.), salt (NaCl), and chlorinated plastics (mostly polyvinyl chloride). Chlorine has important impacts on the WTE operation in terms of higher corrosion rate than in coal-fired power plants, formation of hydrochloric gas that must be controlled in the stack gas to less than the U.S. EPA standard (29 ppm by volume), and potential for formation of dioxins and furans. Past Columbia studies have shown that the chlorine content in MSW is in the order of 0.5%. In comparison, chlorine concentration in coal is about 0.1%; this results in much lower HCl concentration in the combustion gases and allows coal-fired power plants to be operated at higher superheater tube temperatures and thus higher thermal efficiencies. Most of the chlorine output from a WTE is in the fly ash collected in the fabric filter baghouse of the Air Pollution Control system. This study examined in detail the sources and sinks of chlorine in a WTE unit. It is concluded that on the average MSW contains about 0.5% chlorine, which results in hydrogen chloride concentration in the WTE combustion gases of up to 600 parts per million by volume. About 45% of the chlorine content in MSW derives from chlorinated plastics, mainly polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and 55% from salt (NaCl) and chlorine-containing food and yard wastes. An estimated 97–98% of the chlorine input is converted to calcium chloride in the dry scrubber of the Air Pollution Control (APC) system and captured in the fly ash collected in the baghouse; the remainder is in the stack gas at a concentration that is one half of the U.S. EPA standard. Reducing the input of PVC in the MSW stream would have no effect on dioxin formation but would reduce the corrosion rate in the WTE boiler.
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Izadi, M., D. K. Aidun, P. Marzocca, and H. Lee. "The Experimental Investigation of Fouling Phenomenon in Heat Exchangers by Heat Transfer Resistance Monitoring (HTRM) Method." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12524.

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The aim of this paper is to describe a monitoring system for fouling phenomenon in tubular heat exchangers. This system is based on a physical model of the fouling resistance. A mathematical model of the fouling resistance is developed based on the applied thermal heat, the inside heat transfer coefficient, and geometrical characteristics of the heat exchanger under consideration. The resulting model is a function of measured quantities such as water and tube wall temperatures, fluid flow velocities, and some physical properties of the fluid flowing inside the tubes such as viscosity, conductivity, and density. An on-line fouling evaluation system was prepared and the heat transfer resistance for selected solutions was measured in real time by this system. The effect of concentration and chemical reactions on fouling is studied experimentally by using different contaminants such as sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, and their mixture. Accelerated corrosion was observed for the calcium chloride-0.4g/l solution due to the presence of chlorine ions. This corrosion-fouling can be mitigated by adding sodium bicarbonate. However, calcium carbonate is formed as the result of the chemical reaction between calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate which activates two other fouling categories, particulate fouling and crystallization. The inside surface of the tube is analyzed by analytical microscopy after the experiment to investigate different fouling categories. Experimental results provide quantitative information of liquid-side fouling on heat transfer surfaces, and its effects on the thermal efficiency. Experimental data is significantly important for the design, and for formulating operating, and cleaning schedules of the equipment.
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Sample-Lord, Kristin M., Gretchen L. Bohnhoff, and Shan Tong. "Diffusion of Calcium Chloride through Polymerized Bentonite." In Geotechnical Frontiers 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480434.020.

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Quinnell, Josh A., Jane H. Davidson, and Jay Burch. "Liquid Calcium Chloride Solar Storage: Concept and Analysis." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90181.

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Aqueous calcium chloride has a number of potential advantages as a compact and long-term solar storage medium compared to sensibly heated water. The combination of sensible and chemical binding energy of the liquid desiccant provides higher energy densities and lower thermal losses, as well as a temperature lift during discharge via an absorption heat pump. Calcium chloride is an excellent choice among desiccant materials because it is relatively inexpensive, non-toxic, and environmentally safe. This paper provides an overview of its application for solar storage and presents a novel concept for storing the liquid desiccant in a single storage vessel. The storage system uses an internal heat exchanger to add and discharge thermal energy and to help manage the mass, momentum, and energy transfer in the tank. The feasibility of the proposed concept is demonstrated via a computational fluid dynamic study of heat and mass transfer in the system over a range of Rayleigh, Lewis, Prandtl, and buoyancy ratio numbers expected in practice.
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Kornhauser, Alan A. "Aqua-Ammonia as an Environmentally Acceptable Low Temperature Brine." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62684.

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In many industrial processes, cooling with brines is preferable to cooling with an evaporating refrigerant. For medium and high temperatures (above about −35°C/−30°F), aqueous solutions of calcium chloride, sodium chloride, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and methanol have typically been used. For very low temperatures (down to about −80°C/-110°F) halocarbon refrigerants methylene chloride and trichloroethylene have generally been used. In recent years, both methylene chloride and trichloroethylene have come under increasingly strict regulation because of their toxicity. While many plants continue to use these brines, most are searching for alternates. This study was begun in response to the needs of a plant that was replacing methylene chloride with aqueous calcium chloride. The high viscosity of the calcium chloride brine caused design and operational problems. The above-mentioned brines, as well as aqua-ammonia, polydimethylsiloxane, and d-limonene, were compared for cost, toxicity, flammability, environmental safety, and energy efficiency. The energy efficiency comparison included comparisons of heat transfer coefficient, mass flow rate, volume flow rate, frictional pressure drop, inertial pressure drop, and pumping power. The comparisons indicated that aqua-ammonia was the best choice as a replacement for methylene chloride and trichloroethylene in some temperature ranges.
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Perkins, Jessica L., Salil Desai, Benjamin Harrison, and Jagannathan Sankar. "Understanding Release Kinetics of Calcium Alginate Microcapsules Using Drop on Demand Inkjet Printing." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12819.

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This paper investigates the use of calcium alginate microcapsules to transport biomaterials for drug delivery. Rhodamine 6G dye was encapsulated in microcapsules for different formulations of the hydrogels using drop-on-demand printing. An experimental design was constructed to compare the effect of different concentrations of calcium chloride (M) and sodium alginate (% w/v) solutions in addition to the microcapsule diameter on the release kinetics profiles of the microcapsules. The results of these findings provide a basis to identify favorable sizes of microcapsules and concentrations of sodium alginate and calcium chloride solutions for controlled release behavior of microcapsules.
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Kolar, Karel, Martin Bilek, Katerina Chroustova, Jiri Rychtera, and Veronika Machkova. "CALCIUM CYCLE IN CHEMISTRY TEACHING AT THE LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL." In 3rd International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education (BalticSTE2019). Scientia Socialis Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/balticste/2019.95.

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The research is focused on the use of experimental calcium cycle in chemistry teaching at the lower secondary school. The cycle is based on four reactions: 1. thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate, 2. reaction of calcium oxide with water, 3. calcium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid, 4. reaction of calcium chloride with sodium carbonate. The calcium cycle was tested at lower secondary schools (and equal classes from comprehensive schools). Despite the difficulty of taking some steps, the cycle was accepted by both teachers and learners. Keywords: chemistry teaching, experimental cycle, calcium cycle, lower secondary education.
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Procyk, R., and B. Blomback. "ROLE OF DISULFIDE BONDS NEAR THE CALCIUM BINDING SITES IN FIBRINOGEN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642939.

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Incubation of fibrinogen with 0.5 mM dithiothreitol in the presence of .20 mM calcium chloride cleaved disulfide bonds located at: the N-terminal end of the Aα-chain (either Aα28-Aα28 or Aα45-γ23), the C-terminal end of the Aα-chain (Aα442-Aα472) and the N-terminal end of the γ-chain (either of the symmetrical γ8, γ9 disulfides or the Aα45-γ23 disulfide bond). In the absence of calcium ions two additional disulfides, γ326-γ339, and one in the N-terminal end of the γ-chain were reduced.Plasmin digestion of the reduced fibrinogens in buffers containing calcium chloride produced fragments D and E, except that smaller fragments of D were generated from the fibrinogen in which the γ326-γ339 disulfide bonds were reduced and alkylated. In these samples calcium did not protect the C-terminal end of the γ-chain from extensive digestion.Addition of thrombin to partially reduced and alkylated fibrinogen prepared in the presence of calcium gave a clotting time similar to control unreduced fibrinogen. However, when the γ326-γ339 disulfide bonds and another γ-chain disulfide bond most likely in the N-terminal region were cleaved in reduced fibrinogen prepared in the absence of calcium, the thrombin clotting time was extremely prolonged. Apparently the disulfide bonded structure supported by γ326-γ339 was important both for binding of calcium and also for normal clotting.
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Reports on the topic "Calcium chlorate"

1

Counts, T. Calcium/Thionyl Chloride Battery Technology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada165657.

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Peled, Emanuel. Advanced Calcium-Thionyl Chloride High-Power Battery. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada194401.

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Peled, Emanuel. Advanced Calcium-Thionyl Chloride High-Power Battery. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada229168.

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Blanchard, Jr., Thomas P. Electrochemical studies of calcium chloride-based molten salt systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/432887.

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Windisch, Charles F., and Curt A. Lavender. Raman spectroscopic studies of chemical speciation in calcium chloride melts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/967935.

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Vijay Sethi and M.P. Sharma. Corrosion Effects of Calcium Chloride Injection for Mercury Control on the Pollution Control Equipment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/993824.

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Cram, Jana, Mary Levandowski, Kaci Fitzgibbon, and Andrew Ray. Water resources summary for the Snake River and Jackson Lake Reservoir in Grand Teton National Park and John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway: Preliminary analysis of 2016 data. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285179.

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This report summarizes discharge and water quality monitoring data for the Snake River and Jackson Lake reservoir levels in Grand Teton National Park and John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway for calendar year 2016. Annual and long-term discharge summaries and an evaluation of chemical conditions relative to state and federal water quality standards are presented. These results are considered provisional, and may be subject to change. River Discharge: Hydrographs for the Snake River at Flagg Ranch, WY, and Moose, WY, exhibit a general pattern of high early summer flows and lower baseflows occurring in late summer and fall. During much of 2016, flows at the Flagg Ranch monitoring location were similar to the 25th percentile of daily flows at that site. Peak flows at Flagg Ranch were similar to average peak flow from 1983 to 2015 but occurred eleven days earlier in the year compared to the long-term average. Peak flows and daily flows at the Moose monitoring station were below the long-term average. Peak flows occurred four days later than the long-term average. During summer months, the unnatural hydro-graph at the Moose monitoring location exhibited signs of flow regulation associated with the management of Jackson Lake. Water Quality Monitoring in the Snake River: Water quality in the Snake River exhibited seasonal variability over the sampling period. Specifically, total iron peaked during high flows. In contrast, chloride, sulfate, sodium, magnesium, and calcium levels were at their annual minimum during high flows. Jackson Lake Reservoir: Reservoir storage dynamics in Jackson Lake exhibit a pattern of spring filling associated with early snowmelt runoff reaching maximum storage in mid-summer (on or near July 1). During 2016, filling water levels and reservoir storage began to increase in Jackson Lake nearly two weeks earlier than the long-term average and coincident with increases in runoff-driven flows in the Snake River. Although peak storage in Jackson Lake was larger and occurred earlier than the long-term average, minimum storage levels were similar to the long-term average.
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