Academic literature on the topic 'Calcium oxalate'
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Journal articles on the topic "Calcium oxalate"
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Vázquez-Calvo, Carmen, Monica Álvarez De Buergo, Rafael Fort, and Asuncion De Los Rios. "Detection of calcium phosphates in calcium oxalate patinas." European Journal of Mineralogy 24, no. 6 (2012): 1031–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2012/0024-2240.
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Fufa, Tilahun Wondimu, Happiness Ogba Oselebe, Wosene Gebreselassie Abetw, and Charles Okechukwu Amadi. "Review of acridity in taro [Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott]: Its health and economic impact, and possible reduction mechanisms." Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice 6, no. 5 (2021): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jasp2021.311.
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Taro is primarily grown for the corm, which is a staple food for millions of people. It is an annual herbaceous plant that belongs to the oxalate-rich food group. Oxalate is a naturally occurring plant metabolite that is present in all plant-derived human diets. The accumulation of oxalate by crops and pasture plants has a negative impact on the nutritional quality of foods and feeds. Oxalate is a poisonous organic acid that has a significant impact on the eating quality. Acridity causes swelling of the mouth and throat. Oxalate-rich foods also reduce calcium bioavailability and increase the risk of kidney stones. About 75% of all kidney stones are made up primarily of calcium oxalate. Chronic kidney disease affects 10% of the global population, and over two million people currently receive dialysis or a kidney transplant. Oxalates in food can be reduced through physical processes, chemical treatments, and genetic improvements. Cooking root crops may improve digestibility, palatability, storage quality, and safety. Boiling significantly reduced the amount of anti-nutritional factors, resulting in higher food quality. Eating high-calcium foods and adding calcium to cooking are two other ways to reduce oxalates in the diet. Calcium salts are widely accepted and used as acidity regulators, firming agents, and stabilizers in processed foods. Taro corms' total soluble oxalate content also decreased during storage. Explicitly, genetic advancements can aid in the development of long-term solutions. The purpose of this paper was to investigate acridity, its health and economic consequences, and potential food-acridity-reduction mechanisms. This educates users about the dangers of oxalate and aids in the development of mitigation strategies.
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Firdous, Rafia, and Sumera Nazneen. "Comparative Analysis of Calcium Oxalate Accumulation in Indian Vegetables and Napier Grass Versus Spinach." Environmental Reports 1, no. 1 (2019): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/er.2019.1.1.10.
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The calcium and oxalate levels in 14 different plant species—including radish, beetroot, onion, and Napier grass—sold in local markets were examined. Analyzing the variations in the oxalate content of these 14 leafy and root vegetables gathered from different local markets in the Telangana state twin towns of Hyderabad and Secunderabad was also deemed relevant in this context. Numerous leafy and root vegetables, as well as grazing crops like Napier grass, create and collect oxalates. Despite the fact that oxalate can be a significant component of plants, significant details about its production, accumulation, and catabolism remain unclear. Fourteen Indian-grown leafy and root vegetables were tested for water-soluble oxalate concentration. The water-soluble oxalates in these 14 leafy vegetables were divided into three groups: Low (0 to 4.0%), Medium (4.1 to 8.0%), and High (>8.1%). The amounts of aqueous oxalates in four leafy plants (colocasia, purple and green amaranth, and spinach) varied from 8.115 to 12.580%. The medium water soluble oxalate content of two more leafy vegetables (cabbage and onion stalks) varied from 4.275 to 5.330%, while the low group’s eight vegetables (beetroot, cabbage, coriander, curry leaf dill, drumstick, fenugreek, Napier grass, and taro) ranged from 0.332 to 2.50. Of the total calcium, the proportion of calcium bound in the water-soluble oxalate component of the leafy vegetables varied from 5.2% to 332.1% in spinach and onion stalks, respectively. These leafy and root crops’ calcium binding capacities varied from 1.02 to 40.20% for spinach and radish, respectively.
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Savage, Geoffrey, and Leo Vanhanen. "Oxalate Contents of Raw, Boiled, Wok-Fried and Pesto and Juice Made from Fat Hen (Chenopodium album) Leaves." Foods 8, no. 1 (2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8010002.
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The total, soluble, and insoluble oxalate contents of fresh and wok-fried fat hen (Chenopodium album) leaves were extracted and measured using High pressure liquid chromatography. The total oxalate content of the raw leaves was 1112.4 mg/100 g dry matter (DM), and the levels were significantly reduced by boiling (682.8 mg/100 g DM) or cooking the leaves in a wok (883.6 mg/100 g DM). The percentages of soluble oxalate contents in the total oxalates of the raw and boiled leaves were similar (mean 75%), while the proportion of soluble oxalate content in the wok-fried leaves was reduced to 53.4% of the total, giving a significant increase in the insoluble oxalate content of the wok-fried leaves. The percentage of insoluble calcium in the total calcium was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) when the leaves were boiled, but the insoluble oxalate content significantly increased (67.2%) in the wok-fried leaves when compared to the content of the original raw leaves. Processing the cooked leaves into pesto or extracting the juice gave final products that contained significantly reduced total and soluble oxalate contents. The addition of calcium chloride to the juice caused a very small reduction in the soluble oxalate content in the juice.
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Maharani, Endang Tri Wahyuni, Jatmiko Susilo, and Arifiani Agustin Amalia. "In Vitro Inhibition Capacity in Ca Oxalate Formation by Lemon (Citrus Lemon) Juice." Journal Of Natural Sciences And Mathematics Research 1, no. 2 (2015): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jnsmr.2015.1.2.1638.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">This research aims to determine the inhibition capacity of lemon juice (Citrus lemon) in the formation of calcium oxalate in a variety of concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, 10% which is then compared to pure citric acid. Lemon juice contains citric acid that can inhibit calcium oxalate’s formation. Inhibitory activity found in lemon juice is examined by observing its inhibition capacity towards the formation of calcium oxalate crystal. At the end of the treatment process the turbidity level is compared to citric acid acting as an inhibitor in the formation of calcium oxalate and then the percentage of the inhibition capacity is calculated. Result of the study shows that the optimum concentration of the lemon juice (Citrus lemon) and citric acid is 10%. The inhibition capacities in calcium oxalate formation by lemon juice with concentration variations of 5%, 7.5%, 10% are 47.06%, 73.68%, 94.19% and by citric acid with concentration variations of 5%, 7.5 %, 10% are 29.90%, 30.85%, 42.30%. It can be concluded that the higher the concentration of lemon juice and citric acid used the higher the inhibition capacity of calcium oxalate. Based on the inhibition capacity percentage, lemon juice is more effective in inhibiting the formation of calcium oxalate compared to citric acid and it can function as an alternative to prevent the formation of kidney stone. © 2015 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved</p>
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Dijcker, J. C., E. A. Plantinga, J. van Baal, and W. H. Hendriks. "Influence of nutrition on feline calcium oxalate urolithiasis with emphasis on endogenous oxalate synthesis." Nutrition Research Reviews 24, no. 1 (2011): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954422410000351.
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The prevalence of calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths detected in cats with lower urinary tract disease has shown a sharp increase over the last decades with a concomitant reciprocal decrease in the occurrence of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) uroliths. CaOx stone-preventative diets are available nowadays, but seem to be marginally effective, as CaOx urolith recurrence occurs in patients fed these diets. In order to improve the preventative measures against CaOx urolithiasis, it is important to understand its aetiopathogenesis. The main research focus in CaOx formation in cats has been on the role of Ca, whereas little research effort has been directed towards the role and origin of urinary oxalates. As in man, the exogenous origin of urinary oxalates in cats is thought to be of minor importance, although the precise contribution of dietary oxalates remains unclear. The generally accepted dietary risk factors for CaOx urolithiasis in cats are discussed and a model for the biosynthetic pathways of oxalate in feline liver is provided. Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (AGT1) in endogenous oxalate metabolism is a liver-specific enzyme targeted in the mitochondria in cats, and allows for efficient conversion of glyoxylate to glycine when fed a carnivorous diet. The low peroxisomal activity of AGT1 in cat liver is compatible with the view that felids utilised a low-carbohydrate diet throughout evolution. Future research should focus on understanding de novo biosynthesis of oxalate in cats and their adaptation(s) in oxalate metabolism, and on dietary oxalate intake and absorption by cats.
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Savage, Geoffrey, and Warinporn Klunklin. "Oxalates are Found in Many Different European and Asian Foods - Effects of Cooking and Processing." Journal of Food Research 7, no. 3 (2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v7n3p76.
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Plant foods contain a surprising number of different toxins. A few well-known plants, including some grown in Thailand are known to contain high levels of oxalates however, some plants have not yet been fully investigated. A few plants have become fashionable to promote health because they contain antioxidants but some of these plants will contain oxalates as well. In many cases there is little published data to confirm the oxalates levels of these plants. If plant leaves are boiled before they are consumed this allows soluble oxalate to be leached out and discarded in the cooking water. This means that the cooked food contains considerably lower levels of soluble oxalates than the original raw plants. Cooking in a wok generally concentrates the oxalate contents as much of the cooking water is removed as steam. However, during cooking some of the soluble oxalates can combine with free calcium in the food and be converted to insoluble oxalates; these are not absorbed in the digestive tract. The preparation of juices using fruit or vegetables are being promoted as healthy alternatives, this poses further problems, as they may be prepared from raw vegetable leaves, such as spinach, which contain high levels of oxalates. These juices are not cooked so the oxalate concentration is not reduced during their preparation. Recent research has shown that the addition of calcium salts to these juices can considerably reduce the soluble oxalate content of the drink prepared without changing the taste.
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Frank-Kamenetskaya, Ivanyuk, Zelenskaya, et al. "Calcium Oxalates in Lichens on Surface of Apatite-Nepheline Ore (Kola Peninsula, Russia)." Minerals 9, no. 11 (2019): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9110656.
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The present work contributes to the essential questions on calcium oxalate formation under the influence of lithobiont community organisms. We have discovered calcium oxalates in lichen thalli on surfaces of apatite-nepheline rocks of southeastern and southwestern titanite-apatite ore fields of the Khibiny peralkaline massif (Kola Peninsula, NW Russia) for the first time; investigated biofilm calcium oxalates with different methods (X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and EDX analysis) and discussed morphogenetic patterns of its formation using results of model experiments. The influence of inorganic and organic components of the crystallization medium on the phase composition and morphology of oxalates has been analyzed. It was shown that, among the complex of factors controlling the patterns of biogenic oxalate formation, one of the main roles belongs to the metabolic activity of the lithobiont community organisms, which differs significantly from the activity of its individuals.
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Campfield, Thomas, Gregory Braden, Patrecia Flynn-Valone, and Nathaniel Clark. "Urinary Oxalate Excretion in Premature Infants: Effect of Human Milk Versus Formula Feeding." Pediatrics 94, no. 5 (1994): 674–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.5.674.
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Objective. To study urinary oxalate excretion in infants fed human milk versus formula, and to compare urinary calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate saturation in premature infants with term infants and adults. Methodology. We measured urinary oxalate-to-creatinine ratio and urinary oxalate concentration in 15 premature infants fed human milk compared to 16 formula-fed premature infants, and in eight human milk-fed term infants compared to 17 formula-fed term infants. We then studied urinary calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate saturations based on our observations of elevated urinary oxalate excretion in premature infants. Urinary calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate saturations were calculated from urinary concentrations of oxalate, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, uric acid, magnesium, phosphorus, and urinary pH. We calculated urinary calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate saturations in nine healthy adults and nine formula-fed term infants to establish control values for urinary saturation. Urinary calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate saturations were determined in nine premature infants receiving a glucose and electrolyte solution, 11 premature infants receiving parenteral nutrition, nine formula-fed premature infants, and 11 human milk-fed premature infants. Results. Urinary oxalate excretion was higher in formula-fed compared to human milk-fed premature infants whether expressed as oxalate-to-creatinine ratio (0.32 ± 0.04 versus 0.18 ± 0.03, P &lt; .01) or urinary oxalate concentration (0.047 ± 0.007 versus 0.022 ± 0.002 mg/mL, P &lt; .01). Urinary oxalate excretion was higher in formula-fed term infants than in human milk-fed term infants whether expressed as oxalate-to-creatinine ratio (0.14 ± 0.01 versus 0.07 ± 0.01, P &lt; .01) or urinary oxalate concentration (0.022 ± 0.002 versus 0.012 ± 0.002 mg/mL, P &lt; .01). The urinary calcium oxalate saturation in healthy adults was 2.84 ± 0.79; the value in formula-fed term infants was 2.12 ± 0.31. The urinary calcium oxalate saturation was significantly higher in premature infants receiving formula (15.68 ± 3.15), human milk (15.02 ± 2.27), or parenteral nutrition (11.38 ± 2.56) compared to adults or term infants (P &lt; .01). Urinary calcium oxalate saturation in premature infants receiving a glucose and electrolyte solution (2.45 ± 0.36) was not significantly different from that in adults or term infants. In contrast, urinary calcium phosphate saturation in premature infants as well as term infants and adults was less than 1; precipitation of calcium phosphate is not likely to occur under these conditions. Conclusion. Formula-fed infants have higher urinary oxalate excretion than human milk-fed infants. Premature infants receiving standard nutritional regimens may have urinary calcium oxalate saturation levels at which dissolved calcium oxalate may form nuclei of its solid phase.
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Messa, Piergiorgio, Martino Marangella, Luisa Paganin, et al. "Different Dietary Calcium Intake and Relative Supersaturation of Calcium Oxalate in the Urine of Patients Forming Renal Stones." Clinical Science 93, no. 3 (1997): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0930257.
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1. Dietary calcium restriction, an efficient practice in reducing urinary calcium excretion, has been reported to induce either an increase or no change in oxalate excretion, questioning its use in hypercalciuric stone-forming patients. In addition, calcium restriction has been previously demonstrated to induce other urinary changes which might influence the relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate. So the overall effect of calcium deprivation on the relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate is unpredictable. 2. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary calcium restriction on the relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate in the urine of stone-forming patients utilizing a computer methodology which takes into account the main soluble complex species of oxalate. 3. We studied 34 stone-forming patients on both a free-choice diet, whose Ca and oxalate content (24 and 1.2 mmol respectively) was assessed by dietary inquiry, and after 30 days on a prescribed low-calcium and normal oxalate diet (11 and 1.1 mmol respectively). Under both conditions, the excretion of the main urinary parameters related to dietary composition, electrolytes, oxalate and daily citrate urinary excretion, were measured. The relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate was calculated by means of an iterative computer method which takes into account the main soluble complex species on which the solubility of calcium oxalate is dependent. In addition, intact parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D blood levels were also evaluated. In 13 of the patients intestinal calcium absorption was evaluated during both a free- and a low-calcium diet, utilizing kinetics methodology. 4. The low-calcium diet induced, together with an expected reduction of calcium excretion, a marked increase in oxalate urinary output. This finding was independent of the presence or otherwise of hypercalciuria and of the serum levels of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D. Intestinal calcium absorption was also stimulated by calcium deprivation and its levels were well correlated with oxalate excretion. Minor changes in magnesium and citrate excretion were also observed. The overall effect on the relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate consisted in a substantial increase in this parameter during the low-calcium diet. 5. In conclusion, our data reinforce the concept that dietary calcium restriction has potentially deleterious effects on lithogenesis, by increasing the relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Calcium oxalate"
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Chatterjee, Sabyasachi. "Calcite and Calcium Oxalate Sequestration of Heavy Metals." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/50093.
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Engineering<br>Ph.D.<br>Heavy metals like cadmium, lead and zinc pose a significant threat to human health and environment. Several factors such as pH, EH, organic matter and clay content of the soil affect the bioavailability of such heavy metals in the environment. The presence of several naturally occurring minerals such as calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) and calcium oxalate (CaC2O4.) in the environment significantly influence the fate and transport of some of the heavy metal cations. Sequestration of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) from solution by calcite has been clearly demonstrated in the literature. However, studies on heavy metal sequestration by calcite and calcium oxalate from a multi-metal environmental that represents real world situations are rare. In this contribution, column flow studies of Cd and Zn sequestration by calcite exposed to influent solutions saturated or non-saturated with calcite and containing either 1 mg/L of Cd, 1 mg/L of Zn or combined 1 mg/L of Zn and Cd, followed by desorption of the sequestered metals were conducted. Complementary scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) data were generated. Kinetic studies show that reaction rates of Cd and Zn with calcite are governed by a simple rate law with reaction orders of less than 1 (0.02 - 0.07) indicating at least mathematically, the occurrence of reactions that went to completion if the reaction orders did not change. When the influent solution contains a single cation, the rate of Zn removal from solution by calcite and calcium oxalate is greater than Cd removal rate. However in a multi-cation environment, cadmium removal rate was greater than zinc removal rate. MINTEQA2 a geochemical equilibrium speciation model was used to compute the equilibrium between the various species in the cation-calcite environment. Complimentary desorption studies and surface SEM/EDS analysis indicate that the removal of Cd and Zn from solution by calcite and calcium oxalate is probably due to precipitation/complexation reaction. The SEM and EDS results appear to confirm the presence of a precipitate on the mineral surface in the case of the influent solution containing Zn. The current research also examines the effect of citrate, a commonly present urinary tract species on calcium oxalate dissolution. The dissolution studies indicate that citrate solution is capable of dissolving sodium oxalate at high pH. The dissolution of calcium oxalate results in the release of heavy metals that were previously sequestered within the mineral. Results show that a greater percentage of zinc was removed than cadmium, from calcium oxalate due to its dissolution by citrate.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Reed, C. F. "Urinary inhibitors of calcium oxalate formation in cats." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275067.
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Gohel, Mayur Danny Indulal. "Urinary polyanions important in urinary calcium oxalate crystallization." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18736841.
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Henríquez, Valido Iris de la Trinidad. "Formation, transformation and inhibition of calcium oxalate nephroliths: in vitro studies and speciation by synchrotron radiation techniques." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671983.
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Nefrolitiasis es una enfermedad dolorosa causada por la formación de piedras en el riñón. Tiene una incidencia en torno al 5-12% y una recurrencia con una tasa recaída del 50% en 5 años y 80-90% en 10 años, generando un coste de millones de euros al sistema de salud. Las piedras del riñón se clasifican en siete grupos mayoritarios según las directrices del análisis morfoconstitutcional, donde las piedras de oxalato de calcio, considerando tanto la especie mono- (COM) como la dihidratada (COD), representan el 60-70%, siendo el grupo más prevalente. No obstante, debido a su baja estabilidad, COD sufre una conversión cristalina (transformación) a COM, que es la especie termodinámicamente estable. Por consiguiente, el oxalato de calcio monohidratado en los cálculos renales puede ser formado directamente como COM o como el producto resultante tras la transformación del COD (denominado en este trabajo TRA). Estas diferencias en el origen de formación están relacionadas con diferentes patologías, por ejemplo, COM está generalmente relacionado con hiperoxaluria mientras que COD lo está con hipercalciuria.
El objetivo del trabajo multidisciplinar presentado en esta Tesis es entender las bases tras la formación, conversión cristalina e inhibición de los nefrolitos compuestos por oxalato de calcio mediante la aplicación de estudios in vitro, así como la determinación de la especiación de éstas especias, en los cálculos renales, mediante el uso de técnicas con radiación sincrotrón. Para conseguir dicho objetivo principal, el trabajo se presenta en seis estudios:
1. La caracterización de hidratos de calcio sintéticos mediante difracción de rayos X (XRD), absorción de rayos X (XAS) y espectroscopia infrarroja (IR) y raman, así como la aplicación de estudios computacionales de teoría funcional de la densidad (DFT), proporcionando así los parámetros apropiados que se requieren para monitorizar y caracterizar el proceso de transformación del COD.
2. Determinación de la distribución de la materia orgánica (proteínas y lípidos) a lo largo de los cálculos oxalocálcicos mediante microespectroscopia infrarroja basada en radiación sincrotrón, con el objetivo de establecer su papel como promotores o inhibidores en la formación de las piedras, así como su participación en la estabilización de COD.
3. Distinguir el origen de formación del oxalato de calcio monohidratado en piedras con la aplicación microdifracción basada en radiación sincrotrón, resolviéndolo mediante el análisis de los patrones de difracción 2D y su correlación con los niveles de textura de COM y TRA.
4. Estudiar el efecto de inhibidores comúnmente presentes en la orina en la conversión cristalina de COD mediante incubaciones in vitro en medios sintéticos que contienen citrato, magnesio, fosfato o fitato, así como sus combinaciones con calcio, lo que ayudará a entender mejor la transformación de COD y los procesos de estabilización en la orina.
5. Desarrollo de un nuevo índice de riesgo rápido y asequible, Capacidad Inhibidora de la Orina (UIC), el cual está relacionado con la capacidad de los inhibidores presentes en la orina de interactuar con los promotores y evitar la formación de cristales de oxalato de calcio. Está presentado en comparación con la Supersaturación Relativa (RSS) ya que ésta presenta dos grandes inconvenientes: la cantidad de trabajo analítico que se requiere para calcularlo, y la amplia “zona gris” de valores que comprenden los formadores de cálculos y los sujetos sanos (rango de datos que comprende ambos grupos).
6. Estudio de las propiedades antioxidantes y el efecto de diferentes fracciones de extracto de una planta tradicionalmente usada como “rompedora” de cálculos renales y diurética en las Islas Canarias, Lepidium latifolium L., también conocida como “rompepiedras”, en la formación de oxalatos de calcio. Con los resultados preliminares, los extractos derivados de esta planta podrían ser considerados como un tratamiento potencial de las piedras de riñón oxalocálcicas.<br>Nephrolithiasis is a painful disease caused by calculi formation in the kidney. It has an incidence of around 5-12% and a recurrence with a relapse rate of 50% in 5 years and 80-90% in 10 years, generating millions of euros per year of expenses for the health care system. Kidney stones are classified into seven major groups by morpho-constitutional analysis guidelines, where calcium oxalate stones, considering both the mono- (COM) and the dihydrated (COD) species, represents around 60-70%, being the most prevalent type. However, due to its low stability, COD suffers a crystalline conversion (transformation) into COM, which is the thermodynamically stable species. Hence, calcium oxalate monohydrate in renal calculi can be either formed directly as COM or as the resulting product after the transformation from COD (hereafter named TRA). These different formation origins are related with different pathologies, for example, COM is usually related to hyperoxaluria while COD is related to hypercalciuria.
The aim of the multidisciplinary work presented in this Thesis Dissertation is to understand the basis behind the stone formation, crystalline conversion and inhibition of calcium oxalate nephroliths by the application of in vitro studies, as well as to determine the speciation of these species, in the renal calculi by using synchrotron radiation based techniques. To achieve the main goal, the work is presented in six studies:
1. The characterization of synthetic calcium oxalate hydrates by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), infrared (IR) and raman spectroscopy, and the application of a density functional theory (DFT) computational study with the objective of performing an unambiguous assignment of the vibrations, thus providing the appropriate parameters required to monitor and characterize the COD transformation process.
2. Determination of organic matter (proteins and lipids) distribution along the oxalocalcic calculi by synchrotron-based IR microspectroscopy, in order to stablish their role as promoters or inhibitors in the stone formation, as well as their participation in the stabilization of COD.
3. Distinguish the formation origin of calcium oxalate monohydrate in stones with the application of synchrotron microdiffraction, resolving it with the analysis of the 2D diffraction patterns and its correlation with the level of texture of COM and TRA.
4. Study the effect of common urine inhibitors in the COD crystalline conversion by in vitro incubations in synthetic media containing citrate, magnesium, phosphate or phytate, and their combinations with calcium, which will help to better understand the COD transformation and stabilization processes in urine.
5. Development of a new fast and affordable risk index, Urine Inhibitory Capacity (UIC), which is related with the capacity of the urine inhibitors to interact with the promoters and avoid the formation of calcium oxalate crystals. It is presented in comparison with the Relative Supersaturation (RSS) since it presents a two major drawbacks: the amount of analytical work required to determine it and the wide “grey zone” of values between stone formers and healthy subjects (range of data that comprehend both groups).
6. Study of the antioxidative properties and the effect of different extract fractions from a plant traditionally used as kidney stone breaker and diuretic on the Canary Islands, Lepidium latifolium L., also known as “rompepiedras” (“stone breaker”), on the calcium oxalate formation. With the preliminary results, the extracts derived from this plant could be considered as a potential treatment and/or prevention of oxalocalcic kidney stones.<br>Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Química
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Debroise, Théau. "Calcium Oxalate and Calcium Phosphate Biominerals : Formation and Stability studied by Molecular Dynamics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04059925.
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Cette thèse s’articule autour de la thématique de la biominéralisation, le processus par lequel les êtres vivants parviennent à orienter la précipitation de minéraux présents dans leur environnement pour confectionner des matériaux utiles à la survie de l’espèce considérée. La biominéralisation est un phénomène extrêmement complexe mettant en jeu des régulations génétiques et l’implication de protéines permettant d’enclencher la minéralisation, à des localisations bien précises. Il arrive cependant que celle-ci échappe au contrôle de l’organisme vivant conduisant alors à diverses pathologies. C’est le cas par exemple, quand des calcifications appelées calculs rénaux, se forment à l’intérieur des reins. A partir d’une certaine taille, un calcul rénal devient pathologique et nécessite une prise en charge hospitalière. La pathologie est communément appelée lithiase urinaire. Il est établi que les oxalates de calcium, et plus particulièrement les phases monohydratée (Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate, COM ou whewellite) et dihydratée (Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate, COD ou weddellite), composent la majorité des calculs rénaux. L’environnement, et tout particulièrement l’alimentation, est un facteur clé influençant la formation et la composition des calculs rénaux. Actuellement, les traitements consistent principalement à une injection d’antalgiques et à l’éjection du calcul par les voies naturelles. Si nécessaire, une intervention chirurgicale est mise en œuvre. Les médecins sont à la recherche de médicaments/traitements potentiellement capables de prévenir la formation des calculs rénaux. Dans cette thèse, nous avons choisi d’aborder cette problématique par le biais de la chimie théorique et plus particulièrement de la dynamique moléculaire, une méthode prédictive d’importance permettant d’étudier le comportement d’un modèle atomique au cours du temps<br>This thesis is about biomineralisation, the process by which living beings manage to direct the precipitation of minerals present in their environment to make materials useful for the survival of the species in question. Biomineralization is an extremely complex phenomenon involving genetic regulation and the involvement of proteins to trigger mineralization at specific locations. It happens however that it escapes the control of the living organism, then leading to various pathologies. This is the case, for example, when calcifications called kidney stones are formed inside the kidneys. From a certain size, a renal calculus becomes pathological and requires hospital care. The pathology is commonly called urolithiasis. It is established that calcium oxalates, and more particularly the monohydrate (Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate, COM or whewellite) and dihydrate (Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate, COD or Weddellite) phases, make up the majority of kidney stones. The environment, and especially food, is a key factor influencing the formation and composition of kidney stones. Currently, the treatments consist mainly of an injection of analgesics and the ejection of the calculation by the natural channels. If necessary, surgery is performed. Doctors are looking for drugs / treatments that can potentially prevent the formation of kidney stones
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Walton, Rachel C. "Urinary proteins and their role in calcium oxalate crystallisation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2003. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:75546.
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Urinary stones are a common medical condition affecting over 10% of adults in the developed world. Whilst many different materials are found in kidney stones, the majority are dominated by deposits of calcium oxalate (CaOx). In addition to the mineral phases, urinary calculi also contain macromolecules. It has been shown that many of these, particularly the proteins, can inhibit CaOx crystallisation and are therefore widely assumed to be relevant to stone pathogenesis. More recently, it has been proposed that certain urinary proteins facilitate the prevention of stone formation through their selective inclusion into the growing crystal and subsequent structural disruption through protease activities. Given that the intracrystalline location of proteins would be structurally challenging, their selective occlusion may support a functional role. This thesis explores these concepts. The crystallisation of CaOx in the urine of stone formers and healthy controls was compared. CaOx crystals grown in human urine and inorganic media were examined using a range of complementary techniques, e.g., electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimatric analysis. Proteins associated with the surface of different mineral phases and/or occluded within the crystal structures were isolated and identified using immunoblotting. The recovered proteins were quantified in terms of their crystal volume occupation, and the proportion of proteins taken up from the urine were investigated. Finally, six common methods used to study CaOx/protein interactions in vitro were compared. Significant differences were noted in the crystallisation parameters which define the urine samples from stone-formers and controls. These could not be attributed to electrolyte balance from which it is inferred that the influence of other urinary constituents such as proteins must be significant. Only a small proportion of the urinary proteins associated with the CaOx crystals and they contributed to less than 5% of the total crystal volume, suggesting that arguments for a preventative role in stone formation cannot be supported. Kinetic experiments demonstrated that two proteins, often proposed as inhibitors of stone formation had little effect on CaOx nucleation and growth rates. Different proteins were found to be surface-associated when compared to those that were occluded within the crystal structures. However, the same proteins all associated with both CaO monohydrate and dehydrate, which suggests unique template-mediated interactions are unlikely. The growth of CaOx in urine using six methods showed that the stabilisation of different hydromorphs and induction of some morphological changes in CaOx were protocol dependant and not, as previously suggested, attributable to protein interactions. The method used did not influence the type of protein associating with CaOx. These results indicate that whilst urinary proteins may be capable of modifying CaOx crystal growth they appear to do so through non-specific interactions. There is little evidence that proteins are present in urine as teleological inhibitors of stone formation.
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Tewolde, Tewolde Siele. "Crystallization of calcium oxalate on molecularly imprinted polymer surfaces." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6288.
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Bibliography: leaves 100-114.<br>Calcium oxalate (CaOx) is the most common component of human kidney stones. Heterogeneous nucleation is regarded as the key mechanism in this process. As such, crystallization of this substance has been studied in several different model systems. However, molecular imprinting has not been previously used in this field. In the present study, template crystals of calcium oxalate mono- and di-hydrate (COM and COD respectively) were used to imprint a copolymer of 6-methacrylamidohexanoic acid and divinylbenzene.
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McMulkin, Calum. "Crystallisation of Calcium Oxalate Solids in the Presence of Tetrazoles." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/65993.
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A series of tetrazoles-containing molecules were investigated for their impact on calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystallisation for the first time. COM is the main constituent of kidney stones, a common pathological mineral in humans. The tetrazole series was found to inhibit the morphology, crystal growth and nucleation of COM directly through selective adsorption or by a complexation mechanism, to varying degrees. Structural trends and which of the tetrazole molecules as crystal growth modifiers were confirmed.
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Allen, S. E. "Physico-chemical factors influencing calcium oxalate crystallisation in the urinary tract." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1310135/.
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The current treatment for urolithiasis is mostly limited to removing stones rather than preventing their formation. This research investigated a range of bisphosphonates for their inhibitory properties on the crystallisation of calcium oxalate - the commonest constituent of urinary calculi. Calcium oxalate crystals were generated in a well-recognised artificial urine solution (Robertson WG et al. J. Urol 1986; 135:1322-1326) using the Mixed Suspension Mixed Product Removal system. This provided a reliable, reproducible environment closely comparable to urine within the pelvi-calyceal system of a stone-former. Five bisphosphonates were tested at different concentrations for their inhibitory properties on calcium oxalate crystallisation using a state of the art laser diffraction particle-sizer, the Mastersizer. The sizes of calcium oxalate crystals generated in the control experiments, after equilibrium, fell in a biphasic distribution peaking at 20 microns (single crystals) and 100 microns (crystal aggregates). After the addition of bisphosphonates, the group of aggregates diminished significantly and in some cases was completely obliterated. Of those bisphosphonates tested, disodium pamidronate was the most effective inhibitor and disodium clodronate, the least. Bisphosphonates are currently widely used in the treatment of bone disease and are excreted renally at concentrations shown here to be effective against calcium oxalate crystallisation. They therefore hold exciting potential in the prevention of urinary stone disease.
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Bramley, Allan Sidney. "A study of the growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate monohydrate /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb815.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Calcium oxalate"
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Heijnen, Wilhelmus Marinus Maria. Crystal growth and morphology of calcium oxalates and carbonates =: Kristalgroei en morfologie van calciumoxalaten en-carbonaten. Offsetdrukkerij Kanters, 1986.
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Alan, Rose G., ed. Oxalate metabolism in relation to urinary stone. Springer-Verlag, 1988.
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Khan, Saeed R. Calcium Oxalate in Biological Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Khan, Saeed R. Calcium Oxalate in Biological Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Khan, Saeed R. Calcium Oxalate in Biological Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Khan, Saeedur R. Calcium Oxalate in Biological Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Khan, Saeed R. Calcium Oxalate in Biological Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Adair, James. Coagulation of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Suspensions. Dissertation Discovery Company, 2019.
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Adair, James. Coagulation of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Suspensions. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2019.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Calcium oxalate"
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Rappold, Gudrun, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, et al. "Urolithiasis, Calcium Oxalate." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_268.
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Peters, Nils, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, et al. "Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_9076.
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Nahman, N. Stanley. "Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis." In Contemporary Internal Medicine. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6716-5_11.
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Brown, P., D. Ackermann, and B. Finlayson. "Calcium-Oxalate-Dihydrate Production." In Urolithiasis. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0873-5_53.
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Khan, Saeed R. "Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis, Rat." In Urinary System. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80335-2_45.
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Khan, Saeed R., and James C. Woodard. "Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis, Rat." In Urinary System. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96956-0_46.
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Wilson, D. M., R. R. Liedtke, and L. H. Smith. "Oxalate Clearances in Calcium Oxalate Stone Forming Patients." In Urolithiasis 2. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2556-1_45.
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Berland, Y., M. Olmer, M. Grandvuillemin, and R. Calaf. "Restricted Calcium Diet and Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis." In Urolithiasis and Related Clinical Research. Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7272-1_92.
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Conyers, R. A. J., A. M. Rofe, and W. Bais. "Nutrition and Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis." In Urolithiasis and Related Clinical Research. Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7272-1_16.
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Wu, K. J., X. Q. Li, Y. Dokko, et al. "Dissolution of Crystalline Calcium Oxalate." In Urolithiasis and Related Clinical Research. Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7272-1_207.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Calcium oxalate"
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Ferguson, Robert J. "Predicting Calcium Oxalate Scale." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02399.
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Abstract Calcium oxalate scale is frequently encountered in the sugar refining and paper making processes. This paper outlines a simple index for the prediction of calcium oxalate scale. The development of a more refined index, based upon free ion concentrations, is also discussed.
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Zhao, Wangxuan, Haruto Kobashi, Verdad C. Agulto, et al. "Identification of calcium oxalate hydrates by terahertz spectroscopy." In JSAP-Optica Joint Symposia. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/jsapo.2024.18p_b2_7.
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Although kidney stones come in various types, approximately 80% are composed of either calcium oxalate or phosphate [1]. Calcium oxalate, the primary component of kidney stones, undergoes a phase transition from calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) during the stone formation process. Therefore, analyzing stone components is crucial for both diagnosis and subsequent treatment strategies for urolithiasis.
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Wilson, David, Matthew Toole, and Christine Beaulne. "Inhibition of Calcium Oxalate Scale in Aqueous Systems." In CORROSION 2009. NACE International, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2009-09174.
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Abstract Calcium oxalate scale is a common problem encountered in the bleaching sequence in pulp and paper manufacture, alcohol production and sugar evaporators. Downtime due to cleaning of the hard deposit is expensive and leads to loss of production. This study compares the activity of two maleic acid type polymers with two phosphinocarboxylic acids and a phosphonocarboxylic acid over a range of calcium oxalate saturation indices.
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Oner, Mualla, Emel Akyol, and M. Bora Akin. "Controlling of Calcium Oxalate Crystallization by Using Crosslinked Polymers." In CORROSION 2016. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07442.
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Abstract The formation of scales that is caused by calcium salt in heat exchanger or cooling tower proses is lead to serious problems such as pollution and decreasing of heat transfer. In this study, the effect of crosslinked polymers on the crystallization of calcium oxalate has been investigated in aqueous solutions. Vinylphosphonic acid (VPA) and ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate (EGMP) with different N,N-Methylene bis acrylamide (MBA) contents have been synthesized for testing as additives for calcium oxalate inhibition. The effect of the polymer on the rate of crystallization of calcium oxalate have been determined by recording the decrease in [Ca2+] as a function of time in a solution. Since additives have great influence on crystal size and shape, we investigated the selective effect of the polymer on the crystal morphology and size using scanning electron microscopy. All the results of the present investigation indicate that VPA inhibit crystal growth due to the fractional coverage of adsorption sites. The inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization by crosslinked polymers decreased with increasing MBA content. The results show that VPA is a more effective inhibitor than EGMP.
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Gill, Jasbir S. "The Influence of Scale Inhibitors on Calcium Oxalate Precipitation." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99109.
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Abstract Precipitation of calcium oxalate is a common occurrence in mammalian urinary tract deposits and in various industrial processes such as paper making, brewery fermentation, sugar evaporation, and tannin concentration. Between pH 3.5 to 4.5 the driving force for calcium oxalate precipitation increases almost by three fold. It is a complicated process to predict both the nature of a deposit and at which stage of a muti-effect evaporator a particular mineral will deposit, as this depends on temperature, pH, total solids, and kinetics of mineralization. It is quite a challenge to inhibit calcium oxalate precipitation in the pH range of 4-6. Al3+ ions provide excellent threshold inhibition in this pH range and can be used to augment traditional inhibitors such as polyphosphates and polycarboxylates.
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Kweik, Amannie, and Zahid Amjad. "Study on the Effect of Polymer Architecture in Inhibiting Calcium Oxalate Precipitation." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13014.
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Abstract In this study, the effect of polymer architecture (i.e., composition, functional group, monomer type, etc.) on calcium oxalate (CaOx) precipitation in aqueous solution was investigated using the spontaneous precipitation method. The polymers tested include: natural, bio-, and synthetic homo- and copolymers. The experimental results show that performance of polymers as CaOx inhibitors strongly depends on polymer architecture and type and charge of comonomers. In general, polymers containing carboxyl group perform better than co- and terpolymers containing hydrophobic and bulky comonomers. Analysis of XRD, FT-IR, and SEM data on the crystals grown in the absence of polymer reveal the formation of COM (calcium oxalate monohydrate) as the predominant phase. Results also indicate that presence of polymers in CaOx supersaturated solution favor the formation of COD (calcium oxalate dihydrate) phase.
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Sikes, C. Steven, Andrzej Wierzbicki, and J. D. Sallis. "Molecular Mechanisms of Control of Formation of Calcium Oxalate." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95473.
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Abstract The design of inhibitors of crystallization is aided by an understanding of the binding of the inhibitors at the molecular level and the influence of the binding on crystal morphology. Binding of citrate and phosphocitrate to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals has been studied using scanning electron microscopy and molecular modeling. The COM crystal lattice presents two distinct surfaces that are not only calcium-rich but also have oxalate groups that are perpendicular to the liquid interface. This offers the best possibility for interaction with incoming anionic groups of an inhibitor molecule, allowing the most effective coordination with calcium ions of the lattice surface. For example, conformation and binding energies of citrate and phosphocitrate at (-1 0 1) and (0 1 0) surfaces of COM have been evaluated. The superior performance of phosphocitrate as an inhibitor of COM formation can be attributed to the more favorable coordination of its functional groups with calcium ions of the (-1 0 1) and (0 1 0) surfaces. These concepts may be relevant to the design of new antiscalants.
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Sikes, C. Steven, and Andrzej Wierzbicki. "Stereospecific and Nonspecific Inhibition of Mineral Scale and Ice Formation." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96155.
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Abstract Inhibitors of crystallization may be generally effective for a variety of mineral scales or in some cases may be selected for a narrower range of scales. Such generality and specificity of action may be understood in terms of stereospecific and nonspecific mechanisms of scale inhibition. By combining atomic force microscopy, molecular modeling, scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy, both stereospecific and nonspecific interactions of some inhibitors with calcite, calcium oxalate monohydrate, and ice were examined. The crystals were chosen as representative of strong ionic, hydrated ionic, and hydrogen-bonded lattices. Both stereospecific and nonspecific interactions were observed in each case. The strongest interactions of the adsorbate with the crystal surfaces were elucidated at the Å level with good agreement between experiment and theory. Such definition of the weaker interactions require more work, and in fact may be beyond the reach of current methodology. However, reasonable models of each of the interactions have been proposed.
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Wyman, D. P., R. D. Moll, J. D. Fox, F. J. Grad, and V. Mihalitsas. "A Convenient, Low Cost Laboratory Protocol for Screening Scale Inhibitors." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02405.
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Abstract A convenient protocol for screening the potential efficacy of scale inhibitors is described. All of the techniques used require relatively inexpensive equipment. Two types of scale are addressed in this paper, calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate, but the general procedures are expected to be applicable to inhibitor screening for others as well. The screening tests used include a turbidity/light scattering method that requires only a simple spectrophotometer. Another simple measurement was the hot surface deposition of scale formed in situ from hot solutions utilizing heating elements with matched heat fluxes. In addition, it was found that conventional optical microscopy can provide valuable information concerning the ability of scale inhibitor candidates to disrupt nascent crystal symmetry and generate particulate geometries that are amenable to dispersion (rather than surface deposition). These experimentally convenient procedures provide information that is of value in assessing the potential of various chemical moieties to inhibit harmful scale and/or deposition development.
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Popescu, Sofia. "DIETARY FACTORS IN CALCIUM OXALATE UROLITHIASIS." In 13th SGEM GeoConference NANO, BIO AND GREEN � TECHNOLOGIES FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bf6/s25.008.
Full textReports on the topic "Calcium oxalate"
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Hernandez-Sanchez, Bernadette A., and Bruce Andrew Tuttle. Oxalate co-precipitation synthesis of calcium zirconate and calcium titanate powders. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/984943.
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