Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Calcium sources'
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Masters, Jonathan Grenville. "Sources of calcium involved in detrusor smooth muscle contraction." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312030.
Full textMadrick, Tracy L. "The availability of calcium from various commercial sources of calcium carbonate and fortified food products." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53228.
Full textMaster of Science
Lewis, Cris Lee. "Characterization and applications of pulsed millisecond glow discharge sources." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1531.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 161 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-157).
Chen, Ching-Chih. "Use of foliar calcium to strontium ratios to partition soil calcium sources of American beech on two sites in Southern Québec." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103732.
Full textLa forêt du sud du Québec reçoit depuis plusieurs décennies des niveaux de déposition acide élevés. Le hêtre d'Amérique (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), une espèce adapté aux conditions de sol acide, a gagné en abondance dans la forêt du sud du Québec qui est dominé par l'érable à sucre (Acer saccharum Marsh.). J'ai donc émis l'hypothèse que le hêtre est mieux adapté que l'érable à sucre pour accéder au Ca du sol dans ces forêts. Dans ma thèse, j'ai partitionné la source de Ca du sol des feuilles du hêtre par horizon/profondeur à deux stations de fertilité différente au moyen de l'approche des ratios de Ca/Sr. La discrimination entre le Ca et le Sr par le hêtre a été déterminé en échantillonnant des semis avec leur rhizosphère (n = 40) sur des stations présentant des niveaux de Ca, Sr et Ca/Sr très différents. Une fois la fonction de discrimination établie (R2=0.5, p<0.05), une étude a été faite pour déterminer si les ratios de Ca/Sr dans les feuilles variaient avec la hauteur d'échantillonnage. Les arbres ont été échantillonnés à trois hauteurs (3, 6 et 13 m). Les ratios de Ca/Sr des feuilles s'est avéré indépendant de la hauteur d'échantillonnage chez l'érable à sucre et le hêtre (p = 0.67). Des hêtres matures ont ensuite été échantillonnés sur un sol sableux de l'Arboretum Morgan (n = 22) et dans le bassin de l'Hermine dans les Laurentides (n = 18). Les sols étaient acides avec des ratios Ca/Al bas aux deux stations et leur fertilité décroissait avec la profondeur. La source première de Ca pour les feuilles de hêtre est l'horizon F aux deux stations (> 60%) et la contribution des horizons plus profonds décroîent généralement avec la profondeur. L'absorption moins en profondeur du Ca du sol par le hêtre par rapport à l'érable à sucre pourrait être n avantage en terme de nutrition, ce qui pourrait expliquer en partie sa plus grande abondance dans les forêts du sud du Québec.
Ahmed, Tanveer. "A detailed investigation into the production of calcium alginate fibre from various algal sources." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395313.
Full textWladecki, Hannah Victoria. "Evaluation of Particle Size Differences, Calcium Sources, and Phytases on Ph and Calcium and Phosphorus Solubility in an in Vitro Simulation of Broiler Digestion." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35303.
Full textMaster of Science
Browne, Jessica, Nathan Lunt, and Julie Zappia. "Benefits and Sources of Calcium & Vitamin D: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Assessing Patient Knowledge and Contributing Factors." The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624162.
Full textObjectives: To assess the general public’s knowledge of the benefits and sources of calcium and vitamin D dietary and supplemental intake and to identify any pertinent demographic characteristics that influence such knowledge. Methods: Participants were convenience sampled from Walmart locations in Safford, Arizona and Tucson, Arizona. Each participant completed a brief survey assessing their knowledge about the benefits and sources of calcium and vitamin D and optional questions regarding demographics. Results: 51 participants in Safford and 51 participants in Tucson completed the questionnaire. Of the 51 responders in Safford, 18 were men and 24 were women with a mean age of 49.52 (SD = 14.53, 80.49% white). Of the 51 responders in Tucson, 22 were men and 17 were women with a mean age of 50.97 (SD = 17.32, 71.79% white). Baseline demographics were equivalent. Statistical significant was observed when the mean total scores from Tucson and Safford were compared. On average, the participants in Tucson scored higher when compared to participants in Safford with mean scores of 55.5% and 49.0% respectively (p= 0.0412). Conclusions: Tucson participants scored statistically significantly higher when compared to Safford participants. This may be due to the health disparity between urban and rural populations. Gender, ethnicity, supplement use, personal or family history of osteoporosis, and education level did not appear to affect response scores on the questionnaire.
Jafari, Abbas. "The Effect of Citric Acid on Amorphous Calcium Carbonate, Mesoporous Magnesium Carbonate and Calcium Magnesium Composite : A brief study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nanoteknologi och funktionella material, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-435989.
Full textPresentationen genomfördes på distans.
Thomas, Ingrid M. "Changes in Food Sources of Calcium, Potassium, and Magnesium in the Diets of Adolescents with Hypertension in Response to a Behavioral Nutrition Intervention Emphasizing Fruit, Vegetable, and Low-fat Dairy Foods." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1311775395.
Full textPONGE-FERREIRA, CLAUDIA R. P. "Padronização dos radionuclídeos sup(45)Ca, sup(137)Cs e sup(204)Tl pelo metodo do tracador utilizando sistema de coincidência 4 pi beta-gama." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11287.
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Leduc, Alexandre. "Etude par la simulation et l'expérimentation de la production d'ions métalliques Calcium à l'aide d'une source d'ions du type Résonance Cyclotronique Electronique." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC239.
Full textIn the framwork of the SPIRAL2 project, the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source PHOENIX V3 (upgrade of the previous source PHOENIX V2) has been developed to improve the production of highly charged ions with A/Q=3. The ion source mainly aims at the production of metal ion beams. For this, condensable atoms are sublimated into oven before being injected into the ion source. During the production of such ion beams, the major part of atoms travel towards the plasma chamber wall and remains there. Those losses lead to low global ionization efficiency (of the order of ten percent).An hybrid code PIC (Particle In Cells) was developed to study the dynamic of charged particles and to reproduce the experimental A/Q spectrum produced by the PHOENIX V3 ion source. The simulation focuses on the propagation of ions in 3D. Using several adjustable parameters, the simulation outcomes fit the charge state distribution at the exit of the ion source. This code has provided encouraging results.In parallel with the simulation study of particle dynamic in the plasma, a series of simulations have been run to reproduce the operation of an oven leading to the emission of metallic atoms. The outcomes of the simulations allow analysis of the angular distribution of the particles leaving the hot crucible. The angular distributions provided by the simulations are compared with those obtained through experimental measurements.An experimental study was also initiated to reduce the sticking time of the metal atoms on the plasma chamber. For this, a thermoregulated cylinder has been designed and realised to promote the re-evaporation of fixed paricles. It is thus possible to increase the global ionization efficiency by a factor 2 at least and to study the variation of the efficiency as a fonction of the cylinder temperature
GUINOTTE, FRANCOIS. "Efficacite biologique de diverses sources de carbonate de calcium chez la poule pondeuse et le poulet en croissance (gallus domesticus). Role de la secretion gastrique acide du proventricule dans la solubilisation et l'utilisation digestive de ces sources." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077079.
Full textKatsurayama, José Masanori. "Nutrição mineral e controle de bitter pit em maçãs Catarina." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2010. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1101.
Full textThe cultivar Catarina produces fruits of good quality, large size and good shape, and is resistant to the main diseases of the apple trees, scab (Venturia inaequalis) and Gala leaf spot (Glomerella cingulata). The commercial use of Catarina apples is limited by its susceptibility to bitter pit, a physiological disorder caused by Ca deficiency in the fruit. This works was carried out to evaluate: 1) the seasonal fluctuation of nutrients in the leaves and fruits of cultivars Catarina, Gala and Fuji, during the vegetative cycle; and 2) the efficiency of sources of Ca, sprayed at preharvest for bitter pit control and the preservation of fruit qualitative attributes of Catarina apples. The researchs were conduced in São Joaquim region, during two growing seasons for evaluation of the nutritional assessment (2004/2005 and 2005/2006), and during three growing seasons for the evaluation of the sources of Ca spraying (from 2004/2005 to 2006/2007). The three cultivars exhibited reductions in the concentration of N, P and K, and increases in the concentration of Ca and Mg in the leaves along the growing season. Among the cultivars, the Catarina had the smallest foliar concentrations of P, Ca and Mg. Catarina apples had the highest increment of fruit mass. Fruits of Catarina , Gala and Fuji showed reduction in the concentration of N, K, Ca and Mg along the growing season. Catarina apples had the highest concentration of K and the smallest concentration of Ca in the fruit. In the cultivars, the Ca content in the fruits increased until the harvest. Catarina had the highest Ca content in the fruit in 2004/2005, and the lowest Ca content in 2005/2006. The low Ca content in the fruit of Catarina incresead the N/Ca, K/Ca, Mg/Ca and (K+Mg)/Ca ratios, especially in 2005/2006, therefore increasing the risk of physiological disorder in the fruit. In the experiment to evaluate the efficiency of sources of Ca sprayed at preharvest, the was no effect of treatments on N, P and K concentrations in the leaves. Only in 2006/2007, preharvest spraying with CalSOL 15 (15 sprayings) increased the Ca concentration in the leaves. In 2004/2005, preharvest spraying with Calboron + CaCl2, Sett, CaCl2, Calboron and S-CaB incresead Ca concentration in the fruit. The control treatment exihibited incidences of bitter pit of 23,9% and 45,5% in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007, respectively. The treatments with Calboron, Sett, Ca Cl2 and Wuxal Cálcio in 2005/2006, and with CaCl2 and CalSOL 15 (10 and 15 sprayings) in 2006/2007, reduced the incidence of bitter pit assessed at harvest. In 2006/2007, the initial severity (at harvest) was not affected by treatments, but the treatments with CaCl2 reduced the severity of this disorder during cold storage. In 2004/2005, 2005/2006 and 2006/2007, the sources of Ca not affect the fruit weight, yield, and flesh firmness, starch index, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and SSC/TA ratio of the fruit at harvest
A cultivar Catarina produz frutos de boa qualidade, tamanho grande, bom formato e apresenta resistência às principais doenças da macieira, sarna (Venturia inaequalis) e mancha foliar de Gala (Glomerella cingulata). O plantio comercial da macieira Catarina está limitado pela suscetibilidade ao bitter pit , distúrbio fisiológico relacionado principalmente à deficiência de Ca nos frutos. Os trabalhos tiveram por objetivos avaliar: 1) a variação dos nutrientes nas folhas e nos frutos das cultivares Catarina, Gala e Fuji, durante o ciclo vegetativo, visando diagnosticar as diferenças nutricionais e relacionar com a ocorrência de bitter pit ; e 2) a eficiência de fontes de Ca em pulverização pré-colheita no controle de bitter pit e na preservação dos atributos qualitativos dos frutos da cultivar Catarina. Os trabalhos foram conduzidos na região de São Joaquim, SC, durante as safras 2004/2005 e 2005/2006 para o monitoramento nutricional, e durante as safras 2004/2005 a 2006/2007 para a avaliação das fontes de Ca. As três cultivares apresentaram reduções nos teores de N, P e K, e aumento nos teores de Ca e Mg nas folhas ao longo do ciclo vegetativo. A cultivar Catarina apresentou os menores teores de P, Ca e Mg nas folhas. Entre as cultivares, a cultivar Catarina apresentou a maior massa final dos frutos. As cultivares apresentaram reduções nos teores de N, K, Ca e Mg nos frutos ao longo do ciclo vegetativo. Os frutos da cultivar Catarina apresentou o maior teor de K e o menor teor de Ca em relação às cultivares Gala e Fuji. O conteúdo de Ca nos frutos aumentou até a colheita nas três cultivares. Na safra 2004/2005, a cultivar Catarina apresentou o maior conteúdo de Ca nos frutos, mas na safra 2005/2006, apresentou o menor conteúdo de Ca. O baixo teor de Ca nos frutos da cultivar Catarina aumentou o valor das relações N/Ca, K/Ca, Mg/Ca e (K+Mg)/Ca, principalmente na safra 2005/2006, aumentando a probabilidade da ocorrência de distúrbios fisiológicos nos frutos. No experimento de pulverização pré-colheita com fontes de Ca, não foi verificado efeito nos teores de N, P e K nas folhas. Das três safras, apenas na safra 2006/2007, o teor de Ca nas folhas aumentou com o tratamento CalSOL 15 (15 aplicações). Na safra 2004/2005, o teor de Ca nos frutos aumentou com os tratamentos Calboron + CaCl2, Sett, CaCl2, Calboron e S-CaB. Na testemunha, o bitter pit ocorreu em 23,9% e 45,5% dos frutos, nas safras 2005/2006 e 2006/2007, respectivamente. Os tratamentos Calboron, Sett, CaCl2 e Wuxal Cálcio (safra 2005/2006) e os tratamentos CaCl2 e CalSOL 15 (10 e 15 aplicações) (safra 2006/2007) reduziram a incidência de bitter pit avaliado na colheita. Na safra 2006/2007, a severidade inicial (logo após a colheita) de bitter pit não foi afetada pelos tratamentos, mas o tratamento CaCl2 reduziu a severidade final dos frutos armazenados. Nas safras 2004/2005, 2005/2006 e 2006/2007, as fontes de Ca não afetaram o peso médio, o rendimento de frutos, a firmeza da polpa, o índice de iodo-amido, o teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), a acidez titulável (AT) e relação SS/AT na colheita
Cruz, Carlos Eduardo Braga. "Calcium anacardate as anacardic source in the feed of broilers." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16333.
Full textA pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da adiÃÃo do anacardato de cÃlcio (ACC), como fonte de Ãcido anacÃrdico na raÃÃo de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho, as caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa, qualidade e a estabilidade lipÃdica da carne, parÃmetros sanguÃneos, atividade enzimÃtica e peroxidaÃÃo lipÃdica do fÃgado e no crescimento, composiÃÃo e qualidade dos ossos. Para isso, 840 pintos machos de um dia da linhagem Ag Ross 308 foram distribuÃdos ao acaso em seis tratamentos, com sete repetiÃÃes de vinte aves. Os tratamentos consistiram em: raÃÃo sem promotor de crescimento (PC); raÃÃo com PC e, os demais, raÃÃes sem o PC e adiÃÃo de ACC nos nÃveis de 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1%. A adiÃÃo de ACC na raÃÃo nÃo influenciou nos parÃmetros bioquÃmicos do sangue (Ãcido Ãrico, creatinina, alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, colesterol total, HDL, LDL e triglicerÃdeos), na atividade enzimÃtica (superÃxido dismutase, grupos sulfidrÃlicos nÃo-protÃicos) e peroxidaÃÃo dos lipÃdeos do fÃgado, no crescimento e qualidade Ãssea (peso, comprimento, diÃmetro, Ãndice de Seedor, resistÃncia, deformidade, matÃria seca e matÃria mineral), nas caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa (% de carcaÃa, peito e coxa+sobrecoxa) e na qualidade da carne ( L*, a*, b*, pH, perda de Ãgua por cocÃÃo e capacidade de retenÃÃo de Ãgua). No entanto, a adiÃÃo a partir de 0,75% de ACC reduziu o ganho de peso e prejudicou a conversÃo alimentar dos frangos atà 21 dias de idade, porÃm, a adiÃÃo de atà 1% nÃo afetou o desempenho quando se considerou o perÃodo total de criaÃÃo (1 a 42 dias de idade). Para os valores de TBARS da carne, os nÃveis de 0,75% e 1% proporcionaram os menores valores, enquanto, o tratamento sem promotor de crescimento proporcionou maior valor. O ACC pode ser adicionado na raÃÃo dos frangos de corte atà o nÃvel de 1%, sem que ocorram alteraÃÃes nos parÃmetros sanguÃneos, enzimÃticos do fÃgado, no desempenho ao final do perÃodo de criaÃÃo (42 dias de idade), nas caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa e no crescimento, composiÃÃo e qualidade dos ossos. Contudo, a qualidade da carne pode melhorar com a reduÃÃo da oxidaÃÃo lipÃdica a partir de 0,75%.
The research aims to evaluate the effects of adding calcium anacardic (CAC) as a source of anacardic acid in the feed of broiler about the performance, carcass characteristics, quality and lipid stability meat, blood parameters, enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation liver and growth, composition and quality of the bones. For this, 840 male chicks with a day Ross 308 line were randomly assigned to six treatments, with seven replicates of twenty birds. The treatments consisted of: diet without growth promoter (PC); diet with PC and the others without PC and adding CAC levels of 0.25; 0.50; 0.75 to 1%. The addition of CAC in the feed didnât affect the biochemical blood parameters (uric acid, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides) in the enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, non-protein sulfhydryl groups) and peroxidation of liver lipids, growth and bone quality (weight, length, diameter, Seedor index, strength, deformity, dry matter and mineral matter), in the carcass characteristics (% of carcass, breast and thigh + drumstick) and quality meat (L *, a *, b *, pH, loss of water by cooking and water holding capacity). However, the addition of from 0.75% CAC reduced weight gain and feed conversion detracted from the chickens up to 21 days old, however, the addition of up to 1 % did not affect performance when considering the total period (1 to 42 days old). For TBARS values for beef, the levels of 0.75% to 1% have provided the lowest values while treatment without growth promoter yielded higher value. The CAC can be added in the feed of broilers to the level of 1 %, no changes occur in the blood parameters and enzyme of the liver, the performance at the end of the growing period (42 days old), carcass characteristics and growth, composition and quality of the bones. However, the quality of the meat can improve with reduced lipid oxidation from 0,75. The CAC can be added in the feed of broiler until the level of 1%, without change the blood parameters, enzymatic liver, the performance at the end of the growing period (42 days old), carcass characteristics and growth, composition and quality of the bones. However, the quality of the flesh can be improved by reducing lipid oxidation as 0.75%.
Diochot, Sylvie. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des courants calciques dépendants du voltage au cours du développement des neurones embryonnaires de souris." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON1T006.
Full textMAEDA, NANCY T. "Avaliação da neoformação óssea em tíbia de coelhos utilizando cúpula de hidroxiapatita associada a diferentes biomateriais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10542.
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Ogliore, Ryan Christopher Stone Edward Stone Edward. "The sulfur, argon, and calcium isotopic composition of the galactic cosmic ray source /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2007. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02082007-175902.
Full textPasqualin, Côme. "Dynamique calcique dans les cardiomyocytes de veines pulmonaires de rat : une hétérogénéité source d'arythmie ?" Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR3808/document.
Full textEctopic foci leading to atrial fibrillation episodes might be due to abnormal calcium handling by the pulmonary vein (PV) cardiomyocytes (CM). Therefore, the calcium cycle of PV CM was characterized and compared to those of left atria (LA) and left ventricle (LV) CM. Some tools have been developed to measure the organization of transverse tubular networks and contractility of PV CM. Unlike LA and LV CM, the heterogeneous organization of the tubular networks in the PV CM population leads to wide ranges of calcium transient shapes and contraction amplitudes. Within the whole PV, these different types of CM are gathered in islets. The frequency of spontaneous calcium release is also higher in PV CM than in LA and LV CM. The special features of the calcium handling properties of the PV CM population could be a source of arrhythmias
Joseph, Alain A. "CFB fly ash as a calcium and boron source for radish, rutabaga, and alfalfa." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0019/MQ57300.pdf.
Full textKeshav, Arvind. "TRACKING AN ELECTRICALLY SILENT SOURCE IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS USING A CALCIUM-SENSITIVE FLUORESCENT DYE." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1469380261.
Full textDesport, Barthélémy. "Les phosphates de calcium d'origine animale, matériaux pour la dépollution et source de phosphore." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30018.
Full textNatural phosphorus sources are drastically decreasing, and it is necessary to find new phosphorus sources. Ashes obtained from calcination of bone meals are mainly hydroxyapatite: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. Thus, they can be used as phosphorus-rich raw material. Several valorization ways were evaluated. Bone ashes can be used for the synthesis of a pure phosphoric acid without metallic elements, mainly cadmium and uranium. Hydroxyapatite properties suggest that bone meals ashes can be used for remediation of soils, sludge, effluents and groundwater. Experiments with different metallic elements (Cr, Pb, La...) showed the high sorption properties of this material
Pouvreau, Sandrine Jacquemond Vincent. "Régulation du couplage excitation-contraction par le cholestéro et l'oxyde nitrique dans la fibre musculaire squelettique de souris." [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/06/32/88/PDF/PouvreauS.pdf.
Full textLeon, Sandra Porter. "Effects of protein source and calcium level on the utilization of minerals in adult men." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80090.
Full textMaster of Science
Vedel, Christophe. "Calcul de l'illumination par des sources étendues : espace objet et espace image." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EPXX0013.
Full textHoa, Ombeline. "Imagerie et contrôle des fonctions de l’adénohypophyse chez la souris éveillée : application à l’étude de l’unité Gonadotrope-Vasculaire." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT072.
Full textIn spite of abundance of scientific data, cellular mechanisms regulating the secretion of the pre-ovulatory LH surge during proestrus are still poorly understood.In order to study the mechanisms underlying this secretion, I adapted innovative tech-niques for in vivo fluorescence functional imaging, injection of viral vectors in the pitui-tary gland, optogenetics in awake animals and immunohistofluorescence in the whole organ.I then showed structural plasticity of gonadotroph cells and pericytes (perivascular "mural" cells) during proestrus in cleared hypophyses. This suggested the existence of a Gonadotroph-Vascular Unit (GVU) composed of gonadotroph cells, fenestrated capil-laries and pericytes, in which the latter would modulate the pre-ovulatory LH surge.Pericytes contraction via Channelrhodopsine-2 activation permitted to demonstrate their role in the sensitization of LH secretion in freely moving animals implanted with an optical fiber.Finally, blood flow and calcium activity in GVU cells expressing GCaMP6 were performed in awake « head-fixed » animals in which visualization of the pituitary gland was achievable through an implanted GRIN lens. These experiments were also conduct-ed at the ventral side of the pituitary gland in anesthetized mice. Analysis showed that in vivo calcium activity increases in endocrine cells and decreases in pericytes during GnRH-induced LH secretion
AVAZERI, NATHALIE. "Calcium intracellulaire et meiose ovocytaire chez la souris role particulier de la vesicule germinative." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066019.
Full textRibeiro, Felipe Azevedo. "Effects of dietary fat source on beef quality." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-22032018-163516/.
Full textDe acordo com a literatura, a adição de resíduo de destilaria com solúveis em dietas de terminação de bovinos de corte aumenta a quantidade de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (PUFA) na carne bovina. É sabido que quanto maior a concentração de PUFA na carne, maior será a probabilidade de ocorrência da oxidação lipídica e da mioglobina. Isso é importante porque o aumento da oxidação lipídica e da mioglobina acelera o desenvolvimento de odores indesejáveis e da descoloração da carne, reduzindo assim sua vida útil. O objetivo do primeiro estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do uso de diferentes resíduos de destilaria parcialmente desidratados com solúveis (MDGS) na vida útil da carne. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a inclusão de 40% de MDGS na dieta de terminação de bovinos pode reduzir a estabilidade lipídica e da cor, além de aumentar a quantidade de ácido linoléico (18:2) e PUFA da carne em comparação à carne de animais terminados com milho, reduzindo a vida útil da carne. No segundo estudo, nós trabalhamos com a hipótese de que a adição de elevadas quantidades de MDGS em dietas de terminação poderia aumentar a concentração de PUFA na membrana do retículo sarcoplasmático, e assim, alterar a integridade e permeabilidade dessa membrana, antecipando a liberação de cálcio postmortem. Com mais cálcio disponível, a proteólise muscular seria favorecida, aumentando a maciez da carne nos primeiros dias após o abate. Portanto, o objetivo do segundo estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da fonte de gordura dietética contida em diferentes tipos de MDGS na maciez da carne bovina. A inclusão de 40% de MDGS na dieta de terminação de novilhos aumentou a concentração de 18:2 e tendeu a aumentar a concentração de PUFA na membrana do retículo sarcoplasmático em comparação ao gado terminado com milho (sem inclusão de MDGS). Carne de animais terminados com MDGS apresentou maior quantidade de cálcio livre no sarcoplasma 48 horas após o abate. Carne de novilhos alimentados com MDGS desengordurado apresentou menor força de cisalhamento 48 horas após o abate quando comparada à carne de animais terminados com milho. Não houve diferença significativa entre nenhum dos tratamentos dietéticos 48 horas após o abate para comprimento de sarcômero e degradação de troponina T. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a inclusão de 40% de MDGS desengordurado na dieta de terminação de novilhos aumenta a maciez da carne 48 horas após o abate, possivelmente por aumentar a quantidade de cálcio livre no sarcoplasma. No entanto, o mecanismo pelo qual a fonte de gordura dietética acelerou a proteólise muscular ainda não está completamente elucidado.
Koenig, Vicki C. "Effect of calcium level and source on plasma total and lipoprotein cholesterol in men under controlled dietary conditions." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64565.
Full textMaster of Science
Maazaoui, Mounira. "Séparation de sources pour l’audition des robots." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0016/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes blind audio source separation algorithms using a microphone array. The final application of these algorithms is robot audition through the ROMEO project. In this thesis, we developed blind source separation algorithms based on a sparcity criterion. We show that l1 minimization using the natural gradient optimization technique has the same performance that the state of the art. We show that a criterion based on the parametrization of the quazi-norm lp, with 0
Cohen-Jonathan, Simone. "Étude comparative de l'action d'eaux sulfatées calciques du gisement hydrominéral de Vittel sur la biodisponibilité du calcium dans le sang de la souris." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR3808.
Full textBali, Nadia. "Approche bayésienne variationnelle en séparation de sources : application aux images hyperspectrales." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112193.
Full textThe subject of this thesis relates to variational bayesian and mean field approximation approaches for sources separation. My work is centered on the application of these methods in hyperspectral imagery with an aim of spectral reduction, segmentation and classification. My principal contributions are : the modeling of the problem of hyperspectrales images analysis in term of sources separation and the choice of bayesian approach for the resolution of the problem: In this approach the paramount point is prior modeling the images. The model suggested is a compound markov random field for the sources with hidden labels associated for sources. The resolution of the problem by variational approaches: Indeed the bayesien estimate makes it possible to take into account uncertainties and all prior knowns on the model of observations. But in general, and in particular with modeling by hidden field the sources which we propose the exploration of the joint posterior law or the effective calculation of the posterior estimators require approximations. For that I propose two approaches: 1- the use of the variational approach in an EM algorithm for the estimate of the mixture matrice and the hyperparameters. Indeed the step(E) of the algorithm requires an integration on the hidden variables modelled by Potts Markov model which cannot be made in an analytical way. Then I used the variationel approach or the mean field approximation for the estimate of this law. 2- a variational approach which proposes a separable law on all the parameters and the hidden variables of the proposed sources separation model. This method makes it possible to have a criterion of convergence and a criterion of selection of the model which corresponds in our case to the numbers of sources. This type of approach proves less expensive in computing times than the usual sampling procedures, such as methods MCMC
Autret, Laurence. "Rôle de l'activité dépendante du calcium au cours du développement et de la maturation des neurones ganglionnaires vestibulaires de souris." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20126.
Full textTaylor, Stuart John. "The impact of limestone source and particle size on the digestibility of dietary calcium and phosphorus in broilers." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77887.
Full textDissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
MSc (Agric)
Unrestricted
Jaeger, Julien. "Transformations source-à-source pour l'optimisation de codes irréguliers et multithreads." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842177.
Full textPouvreau, Sandrine. "Régulation du couplage excitation-contraction par le cholestéro et l'oxyde nitrique dans la fibre musculaire squelettique de souris." Lyon 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/06/32/88/PDF/PouvreauS.pdf.
Full textExcitation-contraction (EC) coupling of skeletal muscle depends upon interactions between the membrane voltage-sensor (dihydropyridine receptor, DHPR), and the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor, RyR). The DHPR stands within two membrane structure enriched in cholesterol, the transverse tubule system and the caveolae. Caveolae also contain the nitric oxide (NO) synthase. The present work provides new insights into the functional modulation of EC coupling by cholesterol and NO, using electrophysiological techniques and fluorescence measurements on isolated muscle cells. The membrane cholesterol content regulates the voltage-sensing and calcium channel function of the DHPR. NO specifically affects the RyR function. At physiological levels, NO modulates the channel activation by membrane depolarization; excess NO maintains some RyR within an activated state
Szabo, Vivien. "Optogenetics in freely behaving mice with a fiberscope." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T089/document.
Full textOptogenetics has shown great potential to study the mechanisms governing information integration in the brain. To link specific spatiotemporal activity patterns and behaviours, optical methods should provide simultaneous access to a group of neurons with single cell resolution in freely behaving animals. So far, however, optogenetic control of neural activity in freely behaving rodents has been performed with widefield illumination only. Here, we demonstrate photoactivation with near-cellular resolution in freely behaving mice using a fiberscope. Photoactivation patterns, produced with computer-generated holography, were transmitted to the mouse using a fiber bundle coupled to a micro-objective. Fluorescence imaging allowed locating cells and recording neuronal activity, via either epifluorescence, structured illumination, or scanless multi-point confocal microscopy. The fiberscope was tested both in anesthetized and freely-behaving mice co-expressing ChR2-tdTomato and GCaMP proteins in cerebellar molecular layer interneurons. By targeting an interneuron soma with a 5µm diameter photoactivation spot, we could elicit a calcium transient. In anesthetized animals, we demonstrated that photoactivation could be performed with 10µm and 40µm lateral and axial resolution, half-width at half maximum, respectively. We showed that either a single or multiple somata could be selectively targeted. In awake unrestrained animals, the field of view remained stable during our acquisitions. We found that photoactivation lateral resolution remained equal to 10µm, demonstrating photoactivation with near-cellular resolution in freely behaving mice
Sicot, Géraldine. "Conséquences pathologiques des expansions CTG sur le système nerveux central d’un modèle murin de la dystrophie myotonique de Steinert : approches moléculaires, protéomiques et cellulaires." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T084/document.
Full textMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most frequent inherited muscular disorder in adults. Although traditionally regarded as a muscle disease, DM1 presents debilitating neurological manifestations. DM1 is an autosomic dominant disease caused by the abnormal expansion of a CTG triplet within the 3’UTR of the DMPK gene. Many molecular aspects of the DM1 are mediated by a trans effect of the expanded DMPK transcripts, whose accumulation leads to splicing deregulation in many tissues. Despite recent progress in the understanding of DM1 pathogenesis in muscle and central nervous system (CNS), the detailed molecular disease mechanism operating in the brain is still poorly understood. In order to investigate the pathophysiology, our laboratory has generated DMSXL transgenic mice expressing DMPK transcripts containing large CUG expansions in many tissues. DMSXL mice mimic important features of the DM1, notably in the CNS, showing behaviour as well as electrophysiological abnormalities. Therefore, this mouse line represents an excellent tool to investigate the toxic effects of the mutation in the CNS. Taking advantages of this transgenic model, I have first explored the trans effect of the toxic RNA and the extent of DM1-associated spliceopathy in the CNS. Interestingly, some splicing defects were region-specific, and their severity did not increase with the age of the DMSXL mice. My data demonstrate that CUG-containing RNAs have a wide deleterious effect and deregulate alternative splicing in many areas of the CNS. In addition to splicing abnormalities in cerebellum, DMSXL mice also displayed deficits in cerebellum-dependant motor coordination. Plus, DMSXL cerebellum showed electrophysiological abnormalities, suggesting cerebellar dysfunction and more precisely Purkinje cell dysfunction. In the search for the cellular populations showing the greatest susceptibility to RNA toxicity in the cerebellum, I have found extensive foci accumulation as well as pronounced splicing defects in the Bergman glia, surrounding Purkinje cells, in DMSXL and DM1 patients cerebellum. In order to identify molecular pathways and mechanisms behind the behaviour and electrophysiological abnormalities detected, I have performed a global proteomics approach and found a severe decrease in the expression of a glial glutamate transporter GLT1/EAAT2, suggesting that DM1 causes cerebellum dysfunction, through abnormal glutamate metabolism. Global proteomic analysis of DMSXL cerebellum also identified expression and post-translational changes of several proteins involved in calcium signalling. Missplicing of different transcripts involved in calcium metabolism reinforces the idea of calcium dysfunction in the neuropathogenesis of the DM1. To study the effects of toxic RNA on calcium homeostasis and flux, I have established and characterised a brain cell model of DM1. DMSXL primary astrocyte cultures allowed me to show the mislocalisation of the glutamate receptor GRIN1/NMDAR1, as well as abnormal calcium responses to stimulation. Despite recent therapeutic advances in muscle, we do not know the CNS efficiency of the therapeutic strategies currently being developed. To address this problem, I have used the DM1 astrocyte cell model to validate in cellulo a therapeutic strategy aiming to restore the activity of the endogenous splicing factor MBNL1. My thesis work provided a significant step in the understanding of the DM1 pathology in the CNS. My results revealed for the first time signs of cerebellum dysfunction in DM1, as well as signs of calcium homeostasis deregulation in the SNC. My work contributed to better understand the pathological mechanisms of DM1, the brain pathways and cell types most susceptible to toxic RNA. In the long term, my data will contribute to the rational development of therapeutic strategies targeting precise and deleterious molecular events
Orduz, Pérez David Andrés. "Propriétés électrophysiologiques des synapses Purkinje-Purkinje du cervelet de souris et caractérisation des dynamiques calciques des boutons présynaptiques de leurs collatérales récurrentes." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066247.
Full textElaib, Ziane. "Rôle des pompes à calcium SERCA3 dans les fonctions plaquettaires." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS310/document.
Full textThe elevation of cytosolic calcium (Ca2 +) is responsible for platelet activation. This elevation is due to the entry of Ca2 + from the extracellular medium (influx) where its translocation (mobilization) into the cytosol from its Ca2+ stores. SERCAs (Sarco / EndoplasmicReticulumCa2 + ATPases) pump Ca2 + from the cytosol to the Ca2+ stores, maintaining low cytosolic Ca2 + (100 nM) and platelets at resting state. On the other hand, they ensure a high calcium concentration (≥ 1 mM) in the Ca2+ stores allowing its mobilization, and finally modulate the intensity and the shape of the Ca2 signal during the activation. However, the respective roles of SERCA platelets, SERCA2b and SERCA3, are still poorly defined. Hence the interest of my project which was to determine if SERCA3 had a precise and specific functional role. We observed in SERCA3 - / - mice a defect in hemostasis that is accompanied by resistance to thrombosis due to ADP secretion deficiency, resulting in a lack of aggregation and adhesion. SERCA3 seems to control an initial pathway of ADP secretion able to acting in synergy with low platelet activation, resulting in increased secretion and aggregation. In addition, the use of specific pharmacological inhibitors of SERCA2b (thapsigargine) or SERCA3 (tBHQ) showed that the initial secretion of ADP was not dependent on the mobilization of SERCA2b stores, but was specifically dependent on SERCA3 stores. We found the same SERCA3-dependent ADP secretion pathway in human platelets. In particular, we observed a defect of platelet aggregation, low Ca2+ mobilization and low platelet SERCA3 levels in a cohort of patients with morbid obesity compared to control subjects. Platelet functions and SERCA3 levels are restored after weight loss by a surgery bariatric. Above all, we found in the platelets of these obese patients, a defect of secretion of ADP associated with the defect of SERCA3. This is the first defect of platelet SERCA3 related to human pathology. We then showed that the initial secretion of ADP was rapid (5 sec) and entirely dependent on SERCA3. Using a membrane fluorescent Ca2+ probe (FURA2-NearMem-AM), we have demonstrated the existence of a juxta-membrane-specific calcium mobilization specific to SERCA3, independently of ADP, corresponding to primary secretion. This SERCA3 mobilization proved to be independent of IP3, but dependent on the NAADP, which specifically mobilizes the SERCA3 and not SERCA2b reserves. In conclusion, we have demonstrated a new platelet activation pathway, independent of IP3 but dependent on NAADP, which releases Ca2 + from SERCA3 dependent stores and specifically involved in the early release of ADP during platelet activation. These data identify new targets with a potential interest of anti-thrombotic therapy
Virgilio, Stela. "Regulation of reserve carbohydrates metabolism in Neurospora crassa : responses to pH, calcium and carbon source stresses and to the biological clock /." Araraquara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144268.
Full textBanca: Nilce Maria Martinez Rossi
Banca: Rafael Silva Rocha
Banca: Carlos Takeshi Hotta
Banca: Iran Malavazi
Resumo: The fungus Neurospora crassa, a model organism in studies of gene expression, metabolism, photobiology and circadian rhythm, is able to respond and adapt to different environmental stresses, such as heat shock, pH changes, nutrient limitation, osmotic stress, and others. Besides that, N. crassa has the genome sequenced and collections of knocked-out strains are avalaible to the scientific community. A systematic screening analysis performed with mutant strains in genes encoding transcription factors led to identify proteins involved in the glycogen metabolism regulation in this fungus. Glycogen and trehalose are storage carbohydrates that functions as a carbon and energy reserve. Trehalose can also protect membranes and proteins, increasing the tolerance to adverse conditions. In this work, some transcription factors were functionally characterized regarding their role in glycogen and trehalose metabolism regulation. The first condition investigated was the influence of the circadian clock in the glycogen metabolism. We observed that the glycogen accumulation and the expression of genes encoding glycogen synthase (gsn) and glycogen phosphorylase (gpn) are rhythmic in a wild-type strain and dependent on the FREQUENCY (FRQ) oscillator, the core component of the N. crassa circadian clock. The VOS-1 transcription factor, that is controlled by clock and can act in the connection between clock and glycogen metabolism, binds to gsn and gpn promoters rhythmically. However, the expres... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
Meynard, Karina. "Polymérisation radio-induite : calcul de dose et modélisation dans le cas d'irradiations prolongées de sources non-scellées." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/649/.
Full textThis work is meant for improving dosimetry in internal targeted radiotherapy by using MAGIC polymer gels. The Monte Carlo PENELOPE code was used to simulate the trajectory of particles down to an incident energy of 100 eV. In a preliminary study the code was validated by calculating the absorbed-dose distributions around point sources and volume ones in liquid water. This study was completed by estimating the equivalences or non-equivalences of the MAGIC gel to water, soft and adipose tissues, muscle, thyroid and cartilage. For this purpose, cross sections and physical interaction quantities (stopping power, attenuation coefficient. . . ) concerning these media are compared. The overall result set allowed us to adapt the PENELOPE code for modelling different irradiation configurations of source/target which describe the main clinical treatments in internal targeted radiotherapy
Chaheen, Mohammad. "Evaluation de la chitine comme nouvelle source d’excipients multifonctionnels pour la formulation et la mise en œuvre par compression directe de comprimés à désintégration rapide." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG018.
Full textNowadays, there is an increasing demand for multifunctional excipients that replaces the need and use of multiple excipients. Pharmaceutical excipients coprocessing techniques represent important methods for new excipients development with enhanced functionalities. The objective of this thesis is to develop a cost-effective multifunctional excipient (filler-disintegrant-binder) used in tablet manufacturing by direct compression.In this thesis, we’ve studied and compared disintegrants functionality for different materials and evaluated the effect of media on their disintegrant’s functionality. In addition, chitin was chosen as a base to develop a multifunctional excipient used in direct compression as it showed a good and promising physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties. Chitin-Calcium carbonate (CC) coprocessed excipient was developed and its production was further optimized to ensure better powder properties and functionality. In addition, CC compression profile was established by studying its compression behavior under different conditions and formulating with active pharmaceutical ingredients to determine how it affects the formulation at different percentages. Finally, stability study was carried out to determine best conditions for the excipient handling.Results showed that chitin has good tabletability and disintegration properties that were not influenced by the physicochemical environment of the formulation. CC showed an enhancement in true density and flowability (that are considered as drawbacks for raw chitin use as an excipient) and fast disintegration (2-5s). The excipient had good tabletability, compressibility, compactibility, and it doesn’t need the use of a lubricant. CC showed a good compression profile at different manufacturing conditions (multiple lubrication levels, compression speeds and dwell times) while maintaining fast disintegration. It causes rapid disintegration and dissolution when formulated with active pharmaceutical ingredients starting from 30% w/w, and its inclusion was reflected positively on tablets strength. Stability studies showed that precautions on temperature and humidity conditions would need to be taken on CC formulated products. The results showed that the excipient serves as an excellent multifunctional excipient (filler, disintegrant, binder) used for fast disintegrating tablets produced by direct compression. It represents a cost-effective product that is efficient and easily produced at pilot plant and upon scale-up
Andriamihafy, Hérison. "Débitmétrie par diaphragme en écoulement pulsatoire : sources d'erreurs et corrections possibles, approche expérimentale et modélisation." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ESAE0014.
Full textJurcic, Nina. "GABA-b receptors and calcium homeostasis in medullo-spinal CSF-contacting neurons." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0205/document.
Full textCerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) located in the ependymal region around the central canal (CC) in the brainstem and the spinal cord are GABAergic neurons that project a single dendrite to the CSF and ends with a large protrusion. They selectively express PKD2L1 channel suggested to act as chemo- and mechanoreceptor. Considering their localization, morphology and selective expression of PKD2L1 channel, CSF-cNs would represent a novel population of sensory neurons within the CNS. To better understand the role of CSF-cNs in mammals, it is necessary to describe the physiological properties and modulation of CFS-cNs. In the present study, I focused on Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ signaling mechanisms in mouse medullo-spinal CSF-cNs. I report that Ca2+ channels in CSF-cNs undergo modulation by metabotropic GABAB and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. I further show the involvement of intracellular Ca2+ stores in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+. Next, I demonstrate for the first time functional relationship between bud and soma and indicate that the bud would be devoid of active ionic conductance. Finally, to address the role of CSF-cNs, I developed chemogenetic (DREADDs) and optogenetic (channelrhodopsin) mice models to be able to selectively manipulate CSF-cN activity. Altogether, the results of my PhD study contribute to better understanding mammalian medullo-spinal CSF-cNs by providing valuable information on their physiology and modulation. They also set ground for further studies carried out in ex-vivo preparation or in vivo models to demonstrate their role in the regulation of CNS activity
Chraïbi, Ahmed. "Etude par la technique du patch-clamp d'un canal cationique non selectif dans le nephron de souris : proprietes et regulation intrinseque." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05N128.
Full textVũ, Bezin Jérémi. "Optimisation et validation des méthodes de calcul de dose à distance des faisceaux d’irradiation pour leur application dans les études épidémiologiques et cliniques en radiothérapie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS246/document.
Full textThe number of cancer survivors in developed counties increases rapidly. Fifty percent of patients treated for cancer will receive radiation therapy as part of their treatment. Ionizing radiation may induce severe long term effects, including secondary cancers and cardio-vascular diseases. Long term effects are not only due to high doses delivered in target volumes, but also to lower doses, ranging from several milligrays to several grays, undesired, but inevitably delivered in the rest of the patient’s body outside the treatment beams. Improvements in treatment planning technics and the use of computers in medicine made it possible to systematically estimate, prior to treatment, the highest doses delivered to the patient’s body. However, lower doses delivered outside the treatment beams are neither taken into account nor evaluated by present treatment planning systems. The aim of our work was to establish methods to estimate radiation doses outside photon beams from accelerators used in external radiation therapy. A graphics library was used to render a partial 3D representation of the accelerator and the photon sources associated. The intensity of these sources was determined using measurements performed in simple geometry fields. The calibrated model was hence used to estimate the source intensity variation with respect to field size. Using this method, we were able to estimate the variations of the TLD measured doses with respect to distance and field size with a 10% average discrepancy between calculations and measurements for points outside the field. Also, when testing the model in a clinical setup, the average discrepancy increased to 25%
Tas, Idir. "Traitement d'antenne passif : détection et identification de sources." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0076.
Full textSilvestre, Daphné. "Impact of healthy aging on visual internal noise sources." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS362.
Full textThe unceasing growth of the aging population worldwide is a major public health concern. A major factor responsible for the loss of the elderly’s autonomy is vision loss. This thesis’ aimed to identify the functional and neurobiological alterations responsible for the age-related vision loss using a psychophysical approach. Contrast sensitivity, measuring visual perception, was factorize into equivalent input noise and calculation efficiency. A first study aimed at developing a new paradigm that could give a better understanding of the contrast sensitivity limits with respect to spatio-temporal frequencies and luminance intensity. This paradigm enabled to differentiate the equivalent input noise into three sources of internal noise at different levels of the visual system: at the photoreceptor, retinal and cortical levels. Finally, our paradigm was applied on aging to estimate the proportion in which the three sources of noise were responsible for age-related vision losses. It was found that the elderly absorbed fewer photons than the young adults due to less efficient cones, which could explain their greater difficulties to perform tasks in dim light conditions
Dramane, Gado, and Gado Dramane. "Etude de la signalisation calcique dans les cellules gustatives lipidiques chez la souris." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833888.
Full textDramane, Gado. "Etude de la signalisation calcique dans les cellules gustatives lipidiques chez la souris." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS035/document.
Full textThe lipid-binding glycoprotein CD36, expressed by circumvallate papillae (CVP) of the mouse tongue, has been shown to be implicated in oro-gustatory perception of dietary lipids. We demonstrate that linoleic acid (LA) by activating sPLA2, cPLA2 and iPLA2 via CD36, produced arachidonic acid (AA) and lyso-phosphatidylcholine (Lyso-PC) which triggered Ca2+ influx in CD36-positive taste bud cells (TBC), purified from mouse CVP. LA induced the production of Ca2+ influx factor (CIF). CIF, AA and Lyso-PC exerted different actions on the opening of store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) channels, constituted of Orai proteins and regulated by STIM1, a sensor of Ca2+ depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum. We used siRNA technology and transgenic mice models and observed that CIF and Lyso-PC opened Orai1 channels whereas AA-opened Ca2+ channels were composed of Orai1/Orai3. STIM1 was found to regulate LA-induced CIF production and opening of both kinds of Ca2+ channels. Furthermore, Stim1–/– mice lost the spontaneous preference for fat, observed in wild-type animals. The CD36-positive TBC from Stim1–/– mice also failed to release serotonin into extracellular environment. Our results suggest that fatty acid-induced Ca2+ signaling, regulated by STIM1 via CD36, might be implicated in oro-gustatory perception of dietary lipids and the spontaneous preference for fat