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Journal articles on the topic 'Calcium Titanate Ceramics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Bercmans, L. John, T. Sornakumar, A. Harish Kumar, G. Siva, and G. Venkatesh. "Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Titanate and Calcium Zirconate Compound Powders by Molten Salt Method." Nano Hybrids and Composites 17 (August 2017): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.17.88.

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Alkaline earth titanates and zirconates and their binary systems are of interest for their temperature in sensitive dielectric properties. Calcium titanate and calcium zirconate perovskite ceramics find applications in pulse discharge, energy storage and microwave capacitors. These dielectric materials have been used in electric hybrid and fuel cell vehicles. In the present work, fine crystalline compound powders of calcium titanate and calcium zirconate were prepared by a single step molten salt synthesis. Calcium oxide and titanium dioxide/zirconium oxide were used as precursors to obtain the calcium titanate and calcium zirconate compound powders respectively. The prepared calcium titanate and calcium zirconate compound powders were characterized by TGA, FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDS analysis.

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2

Maitreekeaw, Kanchana, and Tawat Chanadee. "Calcium titanate ceramics obtained by combustion synthesis and two-step sintering." Science of Sintering 52, no. 4 (2020): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos2004491m.

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Calcium titanate powder was successfully prepared from duck eggshell and anatase titanium dioxide with a magnesium inductant via combustion synthesis in argon. As-combusted products were leached with diluted HCl. In XRD analysis, as-leached powders exhibited a major phase of CaTiO3 with a perovskite structure. The particle size, observed by SEM, was approximately 240 nm. As-leached powders were densified by single-step (SST) and two-step sintering (TSS) to produce calcium titanate ceramics. The first step of all TSS conditions was fixed at 1350C and holding times (t1) at this temperature were varied up to 120 min. Calcium titanate ceramic obtained from holding for 120 min had a grain size of 2.18 ?m, relative density of 86.68% and a dielectric constant of 92. Two-step sintered ceramic had the highest density (95.73%) and best dielectric properties (dielectric constant = 110, dielectric loss = 0.02) when the holding temperature (T2) was 1250?C. Calcium titanate ceramics processed by two-step sintering had denser microstructures and higher dielectric constants than single-step sintered ceramic due to grain boundary diffusion and the simplicity of relaxation polarization.

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3

Малышкина, Ольга Витальевна, Александра Ивановна Иванова, Кристина Сергеевна Карелина, and Роман Андреевич Петров. "STRUCTURE FEATURES OF BARIUM AND CALCIUM TITANATE CERAMICS." Physical and Chemical Aspects of the Study of Clusters, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials, no. 12() (December 15, 2020): 652–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/pcascnn/2020.12.652.

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В работе получены и исследованы образцы керамики на основе титаната бария и титаната кальция. Проведен анализ элементного состава полученной керамики. Показано, что в твердый раствор титанат кальция-бария BaCaTiO кальций входит с x<0,3 . В образцах керамики с x≥0,3 избыток CaTiO рекристаллизуется отдельными зернами. Увеличение концентрации кальция приводит как к уменьшению размера образцов, так и к уменьшению его плотности. Значительное увеличение размера зерен (в несколько раз) керамики BaTiO по сравнению с керамикой CaTiO приводит к соответствующему увеличению микротвердости образцов. Samples of ceramics based on barium titanate and calcium titanate were obtained and studied. We have analyzed the elemental composition of the obtained composite. It is shown that calcium-barium titanate BaCaTiO solid solution contains calcium with х<0,3. In ceramic samples with х≥0,3, an excess of CaTiO was recrystallized in individual grains. An increase in the concentration of calcium leads to both a decrease in the size of the samples and a decrease in its density. An increase in the grain size (by several times) of the BaTiO ceramics in comparison with the CaTiO ceramics leads to a corresponding increase in the microhardness of the samples.

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4

Reda, A. E., D. M. Ibrahim, E. R. Souya, and D. A. Abdel Aziz. "Microwave Dielectric Characteristics of Calcium Titanate-Lithium Lanthanum Titanate Ceramics." Interceram - International Ceramic Review 63, no. 4-5 (August 2014): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03401062.

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5

Fang, Fei, and Xiaowen Zhang. "Polytype structures in lead-calcium titanate ceramics." Materials Letters 27, no. 3 (June 1996): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-577x(95)00272-3.

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6

Jimenez, B., J. de Frutos, and C. Alemany. "Local polarization in Lead-Calcium Titanate ceramics." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 48, no. 10 (January 1987): 877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(87)90122-3.

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7

Mendiola, J., C. Alemany, L. Pardo, B. Jiménez, L. Del Olmo, and E. Maurer. "Ferropiezoelectricity of calcium modified lead titanate ceramics." Journal of Materials Science 22, no. 12 (December 1987): 4395–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01132035.

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8

Moquim, Abdul, and Manas Panigrahi. "Dielectric behaviour of (Ba0.77Ca0.23)(Ti0.98Dy0.02)O3 ceramics." Processing and Application of Ceramics 9, no. 2 (2015): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1502091m.

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In this study, BaTiO3 is modified with Ca2+ and in addition doped with Dy3+ at the B site lattice. The main idea is to search for new lead-free ferroelectric material and improve their properties. For this purpose, the barium calcium titanate (BCT) as a host and the rare earth element Dy3+ as an activator were used to fabricate a multifunctional material. The obtained ceramics was found to be homogeneous, dense and a single phase material with no evidence of secondary phases. The dielectric study showed that TC increases with the addition of dopants and the obtained ceramics behaves like a relaxor ferroelectric. Some important structural parameters and dielectric properties of dysprosium modified barium (calcium) titanate ceramics are presented.

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9

Butnoi, Pichitchai, Pratthana Intawin, Ploypailin Yongsiri, Nuttapon Pisitpipathsin, Puttapon Pengpad, Patamas Bintachitt, and Kamonpan Pengpat. "Effect of BCZT Dopant on Ferroelectric Properties of PZT Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 675-676 (January 2016): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.509.

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The ferroelectric ceramics with composition of (1-x)Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48O3 [PZT] – x(Ba0.9Ca0.1)(Ti0.85Zr0.15)O3 [BCZT] (x = 0, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.10 ) have been successfully prepared via two-step mixed oxide method. The material systems of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and barium calcium zirconate titanate (BCZT) have been intensive studied due to their remarkable properties of high ferroelectric and piezoelectric values. In this work, we are interesting to combine PZT with BCZT system in order to improve the electrical property of the ceramic samples. From the obtained results, it can be confirmed that ferroelectric values are significant increased with the optimum amount of the BCZT.

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10

Bucko, Miroslaw, Agnieszka Wilk, Jerzy Lis, Anna Toczek, and Lucjan Kozielski. "Photoluminescence and electrical properties in Pr-modified (Ba1-xCax)TiO3 multifunctional ceramics." Processing and Application of Ceramics 14, no. 1 (2020): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac2001077b.

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Mechanoluminescence materials, characterized with non-thermal light emission in response to mechanical stimuli, can have many applications in direct conversion of mechanical energy into light energy. The aim of this study was to develop wet chemistry approaches for the synthesis of the finest ceramic powders of barium calcium titanate for the use in the production of a mechanoluminescent detector. Wet chemistry route allows the control of the particle size of ceramic materials up to several nanometers. For the first time luminescence was recorded in Ba0.9Ca0.1TiO3 ceramics despite reports that light emission in BCT is possibly only over 23% of calcium content. The resulting ceramics showed high relative density, reasonable ferro and dielectric properties, and red light emission can be observed with the naked eye.

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11

Yuan, Wen-Xiang, and Zongjin Li. "Dielectric Constant Enhancement in Calcium Copper Titanate Ceramics." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 159, no. 4 (2012): G45—G48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.089204jes.

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12

Jimenez, B., and J. de Frutos. "90° Domain reorientation in Lead-Calcium Titanate ceramics." Ferroelectrics 81, no. 1 (May 1988): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150198808008859.

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13

Praveen, Paul J., Kranti Kumar, and Dibakar Das. "Structure Property Correlation in Barium Zirconate Titanate–Barium Calcium Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics." Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 66, no. 4 (May 22, 2013): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-013-0263-9.

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14

Liu, Lai Jun, and Hui Qing Fan. "Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Calcium Copper Titanate Ceramics." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.551.

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The effect of stoichiometry, i.e. Ca/Cu ratios (CaCu3xTi4O12, x = 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2) on the microstructure and electrical properties was investigated. The grain sizes of CaCu3xTi4O12 composition increased sharply with the increase of copper, from ~1 μm with x = 0.8 to ~50 μm with x = 1.2. The real part of dielectric permittivity changed dramatically, the pellet with x = 1.0 had the highest dielectric permittivity ~160, 000 at 1 kHz. Furthermore, the dielectric permittivity of all pellets was impressively large values (between 10, 000 to 1, 000,000 at 100 Hz) and was nearly constant over a wide frequency range between 100 Hz to ~100 MHz. However, the dielectric permittivity of CaCu3xTi4O12 composition is not consistent with the amount of copper and cell parameters and grain sizes. Impedance spectroscopy exhibited that the CaCu3xTi4O12 composition had two semicircle at least at high frequency (~ 107 Hz) and low frequency (<100 Hz), respectively. The grain and grain boundary of the compositions had different impedance and relaxation behavior.

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15

Singh, Sarabjit, O. P. Thakur, Anshu Goyal, Chandra Prakash, and K. K. Raina. "Sintering Behaviour of Samarium Modified Lead Calcium Titanate Ceramics." Ferroelectrics 324, no. 1 (September 2005): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150190500324618.

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16

Calderon-Moreno, J. M., F. Guiu, M. Meredith, M. J. Reece, and K. S. Sohn. "Indentation damage zone in calcium and lead titanate ceramics." British Ceramic Transactions 98, no. 6 (June 1999): 296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/096797899680624.

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17

Jin, Xueqin, Dazhi Sun, Mingjun Zhang, Yudan Zhu, and Juanjuan Qian. "Investigation on FTIR spectra of barium calcium titanate ceramics." Journal of Electroceramics 22, no. 1-3 (January 3, 2008): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10832-007-9402-1.

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18

Singh, Raj N. "Perspective on dielectric properties of calcium copper titanate ceramics." Ferroelectrics 611, no. 1 (July 17, 2023): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2023.2201788.

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19

Lisnevskaya, Inna V., Inga A. Aleksandrova, and Artem N. Savinov. "Lead-Free Multiferroic Barium-Calcium Zirconate-Titanate & Doped Nickel Ferrite Composites." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7010002.

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Magnetoelectric lead-free composite ceramic based on the piezoelecrtic Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 (BCZT) and magnetic NiCo0.02Cu0.02Mn0.1Fe1.8O4‑d (NCCMF) has been obtained by the solid state method using preliminarily synthesized by the solid-state method precursors. X-ray diffraction measurements, microstructural, magnetic, dielectric, piezoelectric and magnetoelectric studies have been carried out. Impurity phases were not contained in the composites, and there were no signs of interfacial interaction even at the doping level. Ceramics has a high electrical resistivity at direct current (~109 Ω·cm) and, over the entire range of x studied, exhibits a combination of magnetic and piezoelectric parameters, which vary over a wide range and clearly depend on the composites composition. The maximum magnetoelectric coupling coefficient ΔE/ΔH ≈ 90 mV/(cm·Oe) at a frequency of 1 kHz has been observed for specimens with x = 60–70%.

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20

Zhang, Qinxin, and Paul J. McGinn. "Characterization of Calcium Titanate?Magnesium Titanate Eutectic by Scanning Microwave Microscopy." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 89, no. 12 (December 2006): 3817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01326.x.

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21

Lhoussain, Kadira, Elmesbahi Abdelilah, and Sayouri Salaheddine. "Dielectric study of calcium doped barium titanate Ba1-xCaxTiO3 ceramics." International Journal of Physical Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 30, 2016): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijps2015.4415.

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22

Su, I.-Wei, Chen-Chia Chou, and Dah-Shyang Tsai. "Octahedral Tilting Domain Boundary in Calcium-Modified Lead Titanate Ceramics." Integrated Ferroelectrics 48, no. 1 (January 2002): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580215456.

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23

Jimenezl, B., J. Mendiola, C. Alemany, L. Del Olmo, L. Pardo, E. Maurer, M. L. Calzada, J. De Frutos, A. M. Gonzalez, and M. C. Fandiñto. "Contributions to the knowledge of calcium-modified lead titanate ceramics." Ferroelectrics 87, no. 1 (November 1988): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150198808201373.

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24

Kang, Dae-Seok, Myung-Soo Han, Sung-Gap Lee, and Seong-Hae Song. "Dielectric and pyroelectric properties of barium strontium calcium titanate ceramics." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 23, no. 3 (March 2003): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2219(02)00085-7.

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25

Li, Kun, Li-min Zhou, Da-hu Cao, Helen Lai-Wa Chan, and Chung-Loong Choy. "Seed effect in fabrication of calcium modified lead titanate ceramics." Materials Chemistry and Physics 92, no. 2-3 (August 2005): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.01.035.

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26

de Frutos, J., and B. Jiménez. "Pure and calcium-modified lead titanate ceramics for pyroelectric sensors." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 32, no. 1-3 (April 1992): 393–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-4247(92)80018-x.

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27

Liou, Yi-Cheng, Long Wu, Jow-Lay Huang, and Chun-Hung Yu. "Anisotropy in Piezoelectric Properties of Calcium-Modified Lead Titanate Ceramics." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 41, Part 1, No. 3A (March 15, 2002): 1477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.41.1477.

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28

Ferreira, V. M., F. Azough, R. Freer, and J. L. Baptista. "The effect of Cr and La on MgTiO3 and MgTiO3–CaTiO3 microwave dielectric ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 12 (December 1997): 3293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0433.

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Magnesium titanate and MgTiO3–CaTiO3 ceramics were prepared by a chemical (Pechini) route and classical mixed oxide route. Selected specimens were doped with Cr or La. Specimens were sintered at 1350 °C and 1400 °C. Microstructures were examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Dielectric properties were determined at 8 GHz by the Hakki and Coleman method. The highest Q values were obtained for undoped, chemically prepared MgTiO3 (20800); any dopants caused the Q value to be degraded. Additions of small amounts of Cr (≤1 mol %) to mixed oxide magnesium titanate increased the density to 97.1% theoretical, and increased the Q value (from 7000) to 13,000. Additions of La led to the formation of La2Ti2O7 second phase and reduction in the Q value for both materials. Both Cr and La acted as effective sintering aids, increasing density (to a maximum of 99% theoretical for 1% mol La in chemically prepared samples) and relative permittivity (to 18.1 for the same specimens). The relative permittivity of MgTiO3–CaTiO3 ceramics increased with calcium content, but the corresponding Q values decreased (∈r = 19.9, Q = 8500 for Mg:Ca = 94: 6). Small additions of La to Mg–Ca titanates enhanced the dielectric Q values but decreased the relative permittivities.

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29

Gargori, C., S. Cerro, R. Galindo, A. García, M. Llusar, J. Badenes, and G. Monrós. "New vanadium doped calcium titanate ceramic pigment." Ceramics International 37, no. 8 (December 2011): 3665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.06.027.

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30

Sharma, Shubham, Xiao Nan Dong, Peng Wei, and Chen Long. "Structural and Morphological Analysis of Solid State Synthesized Pure Lead Titanate and Calcium Doped Lead Titanate Ceramics for Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Energy Storage Applications." Key Engineering Materials 837 (April 2020): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.837.153.

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This novel research work addresses the physical properties of Lead titanate (PT), PbTiO3 sample with additives. The modification of this sample was carried out by adding calcium in proportion of 5 to 15mol%. The samples in bulk form were synthesized by utilizing traditional method of solid state synthesis. The properties like structural analysis, and grain size determination were studied for the PbTiO3 sample & for the calcium modified lead titanate (PCT). The phase identification, structural characterizations and microstructural analysis hasanalyzed in this manuscript.

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31

Gralik, Guilherme, Alessandra Thomsen, Cristian Moraes, Fabiano Raupp-Pereira, and Dachamir Hotza. "Processing and characterization of CaTiO3 perovskite ceramics." Processing and Application of Ceramics 8, no. 2 (2014): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1402053g.

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Calcium titanate (CaTiO3) ceramics with perovskite structure were produced by solid state reaction. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) were mixed (in molar ratios 1/1 and 3/2), and the obtained mixtures were calcined at 1150 ?C in successive thermal cycles. The obtained samples were characterized by differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, measurement of particle size distribution and linear thermal shrinkage. XRD results indicated that the samples have perovskite CaTiO3 structure with small amount of secondary CaO and TiO2 phases, and their phase composition depends on the heat treatment conditions. The measured values of electrical resistivity were within the characteristic range of insulating materials and approach values corresponding to semiconducting ceramics.

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32

RAJPUT, Shailendra, and Sunita KESHRI. "Effect of A-site modification on structural and microwave dielectric properties of calcium titanate." Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 32, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v32i3.1525.

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This article presents studies on characteristics properties of CaTiO3, Ca0.8Sr0.2TiO3, and Ca0.6La0.8/3TiO3 ceramics. These ceramics were synthesized using the solid-state reaction process. Structural examination revealed that the grown ceramics have an orthorhombic structure with the Pbnm space group. The random distribution of particle size was shown through morphological investigation. Apparent density of developed ceramics was determined using the Archimedes technique and found to be ˂ 90%. The microwave dielectric properties of grown ceramics are compared on the basis of ionic polarizability. It is observed that partial replacement of Ca-ions by Sr-ions provides a high permittivity value (er = 168.93), higher quality factor Q × f = 9,330 GHz), and enhanced positive temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (tf = 908.17). However, the substitution of Ca-ions by La-ions offers a low permittivity value (113.35), higher quality factor (16,730 GHz), and decreased temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (229.49 ppm/°C). These materials can be used with the ceramics possessing a negative temperature coefficient of resonant frequency to balance its tf- value nearly to zero.

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33

Julphunthong, Phongthorn, Boonyaphas Phengraek, Artid Laowanidwatana, and Theerachai Bongkarn. "Low Temperature Fabrication of Dense Calcium Titanate Ceramics via Combustion Technique." Integrated Ferroelectrics 150, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584587.2014.874826.

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34

Mendiola, J., B. Jiménez, C. Alemany, L. Pardo, and L. Del Olmo. "Influence of calcium on the ferroelectricity of modified lead titanate ceramics." Ferroelectrics 94, no. 1 (June 1989): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150198908014251.

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35

Ctibor, Pavel, Josef Sedláček, Karel Neufuss, and Pavel Chráska. "Dielectric relaxation in calcium titanate-containing ceramics prepared by plasma spraying." Ceramics International 29, no. 8 (January 2003): 955–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-8842(03)00052-x.

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36

Yun, Sining, Xiaoli Wang, Jing Shi, Jianhui Zhu, and Delong Xu. "Ferroelectric properties of barium calcium titanate ceramics doped with bismuth oxide." Materials Letters 63, no. 21 (August 2009): 1883–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2009.06.004.

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37

Ricote, J., L. Pardo, and B. Jiménez. "Mechanical characterization of calcium-modified lead titanate ceramics by indentation methods." Journal of Materials Science 29, no. 12 (June 1994): 3248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00356671.

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38

Rama Sastry, P. S., G. S. Kumar, T. Bhimasankaram, and G. Prasad. "Pyroelectricity in calcium substituted sodium bismuth titanate layer structured ferroelectric ceramics." Bulletin of Materials Science 22, no. 1 (February 1999): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02745676.

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39

Singh, Sarabjit, Chandra Prakash, and K. K. Raina. "Microstructure and electron properties of Sm modified lead calcium titanate ceramics." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 492, no. 1-2 (March 2010): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.12.025.

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40

Chen, Ke-pi, and Xiao-wen Zhang. "Synthesis of calcium copper titanate ceramics via the molten salts method." Ceramics International 36, no. 5 (July 2010): 1523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2010.02.018.

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41

Puli, Venkata Sreenivas, Ashok Kumar, Douglas B. Chrisey, M. Tomozawa, J. F. Scott, and Ram S. Katiyar. "Barium zirconate-titanate/barium calcium-titanate ceramics via sol–gel process: novel high-energy-density capacitors." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 44, no. 39 (September 9, 2011): 395403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/44/39/395403.

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42

Tian, Yongshang, Mingyang Ma, Shuiyun Li, Junli Dong, Xiang Ji, Haitao Wu, Jinshuang Wang, and Qiangshan Jing. "Piezoelectricity and Thermophysical Properties of Ba0.90Ca0.10Ti0.96Zr0.04O3 Ceramics Modified with Amphoteric Nd3+ and Y3+ Dopants." Materials 16, no. 6 (March 15, 2023): 2369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16062369.

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Lead-free barium calcium titanate zirconate (BCTZ) ceramics doped with a single rare-earth element generally exhibit excellent piezoelectric properties. However, their electrical properties deteriorate at an excessive dopant content, limiting their application. In this study, amphoteric neodymium (Nd3+) and yttrium (Y3+)-codoped BCTZ-NYx ceramics were synthesized via a solid-state reaction at 1240 °C. The influences of the Y3+ content (x) on the structural features, electrical properties, mechanical properties, and thermophysical properties were investigated. At a small x (<0.18 mol%), Y3+ could enhance the fracture strength and electrical properties by eliminating oxygen vacancies, defect dipoles, and/or structural defects. However, the outstanding performance deteriorated with excessive x. Additionally, the mechanism of the defect chemistry at different x was deduced. At an yttrium content of 0.18 mol%, the ceramic exhibited high piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity with low domain-switching activation energy (Ea = 0.401 eV), indicating that it could replace commercial lead-based piezoelectric ceramics.

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43

Sahu, Sulata K., Pardha S. Maram, and Alexandra Navrotsky. "Thermodynamics of Nanoscale Calcium and Strontium Titanate Perovskites." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 96, no. 11 (October 15, 2013): 3670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jace.12622.

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44

Butler, Elizabeth Patricia, Himanshu Jain, and Donald M. Smyth. "Cation Interdiffusion in Polycrystalline Calcium and Strontium Titanate." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 74, no. 4 (April 1991): 772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1991.tb06923.x.

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45

Butnoi, P., S. Manotham, P. Jaita, D. Sweatman, N. Pisitpipathsin, and T. Tunkasiri. "Electric field–induced strain behavior and ferroelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate-barium calcium zirconate titanate ceramics." Integrated Ferroelectrics 187, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584587.2018.1444894.

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46

BAHUGUNA SARADHI, B. V., K. SRINIVAS, and T. BHIMASANKARAM. "ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF (Na1/2Bi1/2)1-xCaxTiO3 CERAMICS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 27 (October 30, 2002): 4175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920201470x.

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Abstract:

The frequency (100Hz–1MHz) and temperature (30–575°C) dependence of electrical properties of calcium doped (Ca = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1) sodium bismuth titanate (NBT) was investigated by impedance spectroscopy. The data is used to analyze the effect of calcium concentration on the electrical properties of NBT. The frequency explicit plots of Z′′ versus frequency at various temperatures shows peaks in the higher temperature range (>400°C). The relaxation peaks are affected by the doping. The AC conductivity values are computed from the impedance data. DC conductivity has been measured in the temperature range of 30–400°C. The activation energies have been evaluated from the data. From the studies of dielectric constant as a function of temperature, it is observed that diffuse phase transition (DPT) is exhibited in these samples.

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Sangeeta Das, Abhishek Madheshiya, Satyam Shivam Gautam, Diptimayee Tripathy, and Chandkiram Gautam. "Dielectric and Impedance Spectroscopic Characteristics of Lead Calcium Titanate Borosilicate Glass Ceramics." Glass Physics and Chemistry 46, no. 6 (November 2020): 514–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s108765962101003x.

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Fisher, John G., Dae-Gi Lee, Jeong-Hyeon Oh, Ha-Nul Kim, Dieu Nguyen, Jee-Hoon Kim, Jong-Sook Lee, and Ho-Yong Lee. "Low-Temperature Sintering of Barium Calcium Zirconium Titanate Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics." Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 50, no. 2 (March 31, 2013): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2013.50.2.157.

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Estrada, F. R., Y. P. Mascarenhas, J. A. Eiras, and D. Garcia. "Thermal Induced Structural and Dielectric Anomalies in Calcium Modified Lead Titanate Ceramics." Ferroelectrics 463, no. 1 (April 26, 2014): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2014.891913.

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50

Sharma, Mohit, Himani Sharma, and K. K. Raina. "Comparison of piezoelectricity in Ta5+ and La3+ substituted lead calcium titanate ceramics." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 69, no. 10 (October 2008): 2584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.05.019.

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