Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Calcolo delle probabilità'
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Nicolae, Angelica. "Presentazione ipertestuale del Calcolo della probabilità." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4916/.
Full textDimauro, Giuliana. "Il calcolo delle Probabilità: storia, didattica ed applicazioni." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textCercone, Maria Grazia. "Origini e sviluppi del calcolo delle probabilità ed alcune applicazioni." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13500/.
Full textStuppazzini, Simone. "Il Calcolo delle Probabilità - Sperimentazione di un approccio assiomatico nei Licei Scientifici." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19247/.
Full textPiccolo, Andrea <1964>. "Calcolo delle Probabilità. Interpretazioni e significati tra scienza e scommessa su Dio." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18696.
Full textMarverti, Luca. "Analisi di metodi approssimati per il calcolo della probabilità di collisione tra satelliti." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/25901/.
Full textFeletti, Chiara. "Origini del calcolo delle probabilità e applicazioni alla valutazione del prezzo equo di un guadagno incerto." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6919/.
Full textConte, Roberta Mariassunta. "Sulla dimostrazione probabilistica del teorema di Hormander." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9446/.
Full textKachigar, Ghazal. "Questions de localisabilité pour le calcul distribué." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0339/document.
Full textThis thesis is divided in two parts. Its starting point is the concept of resistance to localisation, an important concept in distributed quantum computing.In the first, theoretical part of this thesis, we go over the history of certain concepts and results in quantum information theory and distributed computing, such as the phenomenon of entanglement and the non-signalling condition in the first domain, and the LOCAL model and the colouring problem in the second domain. We then focus on the φ-LOCAL model, whose goal is to study the possibility of quantum distributed algorithms, and which was developedin 2009 by adapting the non-signalling condition to the LOCAL model. We introduce the concepts of global and local consistency in order to emphasise some shortcomings of this model. Finally, we present a more adequate version ofthe φ-LOCAL model.The second part of this thesis contains our major technical results in probability theory. We define the concept of k-localisability which is a probabilistic translation of the φ-LOCAL model. We show that this concept is close to but weaker than the concept of k-dependence which is well-studied in the probabilistic literature. We mention recent results concerning 1-dependent colouring of the path graph and the conclusion they allow us to reach with regards to 1-localisable colouring of the path graph : that it is possible with four or more colours. The rest of this part is dedicated to answering the question of the possibility of 1-localisable colouring of the path graph using three colours which we will show to be impossible. In answering this question we have made use of methods in linear programming and combinatorics. In particular, we prove a theorem on the explicit solution of a linear programming problem having a certain form, and a formula for the Catalan numbers
Touati, Karim. "Validation probabiliste d'un code de calcul numérique : application aux calculs des fondations superficielles avec une loi élastoplastique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0344.
Full textFaix, Marvin. "Conception de machines probabilistes dédiées aux inférences bayésiennes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM079/document.
Full textThe aim of this research is to design computers best suited to do probabilistic reasoning. The focus of the research is on the processing of uncertain data and on the computation of probabilistic distribution. For this, new machine architectures are presented. The concept they are designed on is different to the one proposed by Von Neumann, without any fixed or floating point arithmetic. These architectures could replace the current processors in sensor processing and robotic fields.In this thesis, two types of probabilistic machines are presented. Their designs are radically different, but both are dedicated to Bayesian inferences and use stochastic computing. The first deals with small-dimension inference problems and uses stochastic computing to perform the necessary operations to calculate the inference. This machine is based on the concept of probabilistic bus and has a strong parallelism.The second machine can deal with intractable inference problems. It implements a particular MCMC method: the Gibbs algorithm at the binary level. In this case, stochastic computing is used for sampling the distribution of interest. An important feature of this machine is the ability to circumvent the convergence problems generally attributed to stochastic computing. Finally, an extension of this second type of machine is presented. It consists of a generic and programmable machine designed to approximate solution to any inference problem
Cauvin, Maxime. "Prise en compte des incertitudes et calcul de probabilité dans les études de risques liés au sol et au sous-sol." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL108N/document.
Full textAnalyses of risks related to ground and underground issues (surface collapses, subsidence, rockfalls, etc.) are generally undertaken in a strong context of uncertainty. However, tools that are available for geotechnical expert to carry out his study suffer today from not being able to really seize this context of uncertainty. This work takes firstly stock of the notion of uncertainty in risk analyses. It provides a definition and a typology of uncertainty that can be concretely used by the expert. For each of the defined classes, methods allowing an operational treatment of uncertainties are presented, either extracted from a literature survey or developed in the framework of the Thesis. The use of probabilities as an expertise-help tool is secondly examined. A discussion, which distinguishes between frequentist and epistemic interpretations of probabilities, is proposed to evaluate the benefits and implications that probabilities can have towards the practical elaboration of a risk analysis. This study is mainly dedicated to the field expert in charge of the analysis. Numerous concrete examples (analysis of surface stability above an underground coal mine, sinkhole development analysis over an underground gypsum mine, elaboration of a Mining Risk Prevention Plan) are therefore provided both to present the main results of the work and to illustrate the adaptability of the tools being introduced to the current methodologies of analysis. They also aim at highlighting the fact that the treatment of uncertainties and the use of probabilities in risk analyses can facilitate the process of expertise and allow a better communication between the various actors of risk management
Osseiran, Ahmad-Chawki. "Contribution à la théorie des probabilités symboliques." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066650.
Full textCabanal-Duvillard, Thierry. "Probabilités libres et calcul stochastique : application aux grandes matrices aléatoires." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066594.
Full textGao, Yingzhong. "Modèles probabilistes et possibilistes pour la prise en compte de l'incertain dans la sécurité des structures." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569129.
Full textXuefeng, Wu. "Modélisation numérique de la fissuration du béton à partir d'une approche probabiliste." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENPC9118.
Full textGrusea, Simona. "Applications du calcul des probabilités à la recherche de régions génomiques conservées." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377445.
Full textUn aspect important de notre démarche est le fait de prendre en compte l'existence des familles multigéniques. Dans la deuxième partie nous proposons trois mesures, basées sur la distance de transposition dans le groupe symétrique, pour quantifier l'exceptionalité de l'ordre des gènes dans des régions génomiques conservées. Nous avons obtenu des expressions analytiques pour leur distribution dans le cas d'une permutation aléatoire. Dans la troisième partie nous avons étudié la distribution du nombre de cycles dans le graphe des points de rupture d'une permutation signée aléatoire. Nous avons utilisé la technique ``Markov chain imbedding'' pour obtenir cette distribution en terme d'un produit de matrices de transition d'une certaine chaîne de Markov finie. La connaissance de cette
distribution fournit par la suite une très bonne approximation pour la distribution de la distance d'inversion.
Grusea, Simona. "Applications du calcul des probabilités à la recherche de régions genomiques conservées." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11067.
Full textThis thesis is concentrated on some probability and statistical issues linked to genomic comparison. In the first part we present a compound Poisson approximation for computing probabilities involved in significance tests for conserved genomic regions found by the reference-region approach. An important aspect of our computations is the fact that we are taking into account the existence of multigene families. In the second part we propose three measures, based on the transposition distance in the symmetric group, for quantifying the exceptionality of the gene order in conserved genomic regions. We obtain analytic expressions for their distribution in the case of a random permutation. In the third part of the thesis we study the distribution of the number of cycles in the breakpoint graph of a random signed permutation. We use the Markov chain imbedding technique to obtain this distribution in terms of a product of transition matrices of a certain finite Markov chain. The knowledge of this distribution provides a very good approximation for the distribution of the reversal distance
Houissa, Asma. "Les algorithmes d’apprentissage pour l’aide au stationnement urbain." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV001.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop, to integrate and to test a new algorithmic approach to help parking in urban centers.Given the different types of deployed infrastructure : from input-output detection of vehicles to time variation of the number of available places within each street segment, we propose an efficient method to determine an itinerary that minimize the time expectation to find an available place and also to predict the availability of the parking places.We have chosen an urban area and we have considered it as a set of parking resources called street segments. More exactly, this urban area is considered as a graph where the vertexes represent the crossroads and the arcs represent the street segments. The essential parameters of our urban area model are the parking capacity and the time crossing of each street segment. The originality and the innovation of our approach are based on two principles.The first one is the guidance as a resource, i.e., it means that the proposed itinerary is not the one that lead to an available parking place but rather the one that minimized the time expectation to find an available parking place. In order to achieve that we determine, in a an area centered on a given destination, the itinerary to follow by the vehicle in order minimize its time expectation to find an available parking place as quickly aspossible.We have designed and realized a reinforcement learning algorithm based on the LRI method (Linear Reward Inaction) and a Monte Carlo method to minimize the time expectation to find an available parking place in the urban area. We have compared this algorithm to a global approach based on tree evaluation with bounded depth. The second principle is based on the prediction of the parking places by homogeneous time period where we are not interestedon a parking place in real time but rather on the parking places byarea. In other terms, the system predict the potential available parkingplaces by resource for the next time periods. Thus, we don’t aim to predict the availability of each parking place, i.e., each resource is considered as stock area and its availability is assessed in major part in function of the street segment input-output flow. For this principle, we have determined by a learning algorithm the probability that there is at least one available parking place in a street segment within a given time. The major data needed to compute this probability are the time series of input-output of each vehicle in street intersections, and the variation of the available parking places through the time.We have evaluated the performance of this approach by simulation based on random generated data and on real data of a district in Versailles
Ben, Ghorbal Anis. "Fondements algébriques des probabilités quantiques et calcul stochastique sur l'espace de Fock booléen." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10009.
Full textArroyo-Contreras, Moises. "Approche probabiliste du comportement élasto-plastique de structures marines, sous sollicitations aléatoires de houles." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENPC8904.
Full textJiang, Li. "Calcul en fatigue des ouvrages métalliques par la mécanique de la rupture (approche probabiliste)." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569145.
Full textCallens, Stéphane. "La valeur pratique du calcul des probabilités selon Émile Borel : les maîtres de l'erreur." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0027.
Full textThe hu ge success of statistical and probabilistical approaches is still a mystery. Ne vertheless, a new historical look at the work of probabilist emile borel and of some of his predecessors, allows us to realize the shifts operated by the massive probabilisation of sciences since the mathematical physics of the nineteenth century. One should first see in it a promotion of precision, not so much as the instrumental equipment of a procedure for reaching truth, but rather as the autonomisation of analytico-numerical processes from algebrico-logical processes. Precision as a requirement in the knowledge of the social or natural world opens a space for men to adjust to the world, a space left open especially for the statistical and probabilistic approaches. More so, one should see in the work of emile borel, the completion of a total reform of the idea of measure. The notion of measure included old junctions between proportion, harmony, excess. These have been transformed to leave the way to a new measure, free in its diversity, axiomaticaly purged, and efficient in the establishment of relations fitted to the social and natural world
Shao, Jun. "Calcul de probabilités d'événements rares liés aux maxima en horizon fini de processus stochastiques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22771/document.
Full textInitiated within the framework of an ANR project (the MODNAT project) targeted on the stochastic modeling of natural hazards and the probabilistic quantification of their dynamic effects on mechanical and structural systems, this thesis aims at the calculation of probabilities of rare events related to the maxima of stochastic processes over a finite time interval, taking into account the following four constraints : (1) the set of considered processes must contain the four main categories of processes encountered in random dynamics, namely stationary Gaussian, non-stationary Gaussian, stationary non-Gaussian and non-stationary non-Gaussian ones ; (2) these processes can be either described by their distributions, or functions of processes described by their distributions, or solutions of stochastic differential equations, or solutions of stochastic differential inclusions ; (3) the events in question are crossings of high thresholds by the maxima of the considered processes over finite time intervals and these events are of very weak occurrence, hence of very small probability, due to the high size of thresholds ; and finally (4) the use of a Monte Carlo approach to perform this type of calculation must be proscribed because it is too time-consuming given the above constraints. To solve such a problem, whose field of interest extends well beyond probabilistic mechanics and structural reliability (it is found in all scientific domains in connection with the extreme values theory, such as financial mathematics or economical sciences), an innovative method is proposed, whose main idea emerged from the analysis of the results of a large-scale statistical study carried out within the MODNAT project. This study, which focuses on analyzing the behavior of the extreme values of elements of a large set of processes, has indeed revealed two germ functions explicitly related to the target probability (the first directly related, the second indirectly via a conditional auxiliary probability which itself depend on the target probability) which possess remarkable and recurring regularity properties for all the processes of the database, and the method is based on the joint exploitation of these properties and a "low level approximation-high level extrapolation" principle. Two versions of this method are first proposed, which are distinguished by the choice of the germ function and in each of which the latter is approximated by a polynomial. A third version has also been developed. It is based on the formalism of the second version but which uses as germ function an approximation of "Pareto survival function" type. The numerous presented numerical results attest to the remarkable effectiveness of the first two versions. They also show that they are of comparable precision. The third version, slightly less efficient than the first two, presents the interest of establishing a direct link with the extreme values theory. In each of its three versions, the proposed method is clearly an improvement compared to current methods dedicated to this type of problem. Thanks to its structure, it also offers the advantage of remaining operational in industrial context
Arroyo-Contreras, Moisés. "Approche probabiliste du comportement élasto-plastique de structures marines, sous sollicitations aléatoires de houle." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523059.
Full textBardet, Ivan. "Émergence de dynamiques classiques en probabilité quantique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1071/document.
Full textThis thesis focus on the study of several bridges that exist between classical probabilities and open quantum systems theory. In the first part of the thesis, we consider open quantum systems with classical environment. Thus the environment acts as a classical noise so that the evolution of the system results in a mixing of unitary dynamics. My work consisted in defining a relevant von Neumann algebra on the environment which, in this situation, is commutative. In the general case, we show that this algebra leads to a decomposition of the environment between a classical and a quantum part. In the second part, we forget for a time the environment in order to focus on the emergence of classical stochastic processes inside the system. This situation appears when the quantum Markov semigroup leaves an invariant commutative maximal von Neumann algebra. First, we develop a recipe in order to generate such semigroup, which emphasizes the role of a certain kind of classical dilation. We apply the recipe to prove the existence of a quantum extension for L\'evy processes. Then in the same part of the thesis we study a special kind of classical dynamics that can emerge on a bipartite quantum system, call \emph. Such walks are stochastic but displayed strong quantum behavior. We define a Dirichlet problem associated to these walks and solve it using a variational approch and non-commutative Dirichlet forms. Finally, the last part is dedicated to the study of Environment Induced Decoherence for quantum Markov semigroup on finite von Neumann algebra. We prove that such decoherence always occurs when the semigroup has a faithful invariant state. Then we focus on the fundamental problem of estimating the time of the process. To this end we define adapted non-commutative functional inequalities. The central interest of these definitions is to take into account entanglement effects, which are expected to lower the speed of decoherence
Genitrini, Antoine. "Expressions booléennes aléatoires : probabilité, complexité et comparaison quantitative de logiques propositionnelles." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0010.
Full textIn this thesis, I am interested in propositional systems from a probability/complexity point of view. I begin with two probability distributions on Boolean functions, induced by the Boolean expressions built with the Implication connective. I obtain the structure of most of the expressions representing a given function, when the number of variables tends to infinity. This gives the asymptotic equivalent of the probability of the function, depending on its complexity. Via the function True, we compare quantitatively the intuitionistic and classical logics of implication. This comparison highlights some properties of a class of expressions, that are found also in the full propositional system, and we can compare the two logics in this system. Finally we study balanced expressions in the two systems built on implication, or on the two connectors And and Or. In both cases, we exhibit the probability distribution of the functions
Lalire, Marie. "Développement d'une notation algorithmique pour le calcul quantique." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0113.
Full textNo formalism or language existed ta describe completely and rigorously quantum algorithms and protocols. 5ince these algorithms and protocols have necessarily quantum and classical parts, process algebras seemed a good candidate for such a language. 50, in this thesis, we developed a notation, based on process algebras, which provides a homogeneous style for formai descriptions of concurrent and distributed quantum computations comprising bath quantum and classical parts. Based upon an operational semantics that makes sure that quantum abjects, operations and communications operate according ta the postulates of quantum mechanics, an equivalence has been defined among process states considered as having the same behaviour
GUERIN, Hélène. "Interprétation probabiliste de l'équation de Landau." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002066.
Full textYin, Qi. "Prise en compte de la variabilité dans les calculs par éléments finis des structures composites en régime statique ou vibratoire." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2304/document.
Full textThe manufacture of composite structures leads to a high variability of mechanical parameters. The objective of this work is to develop economic and robust methods to study the variability of the static or dynamic response of composite structures modeled by finite elements, taking into account uncertain material (elastic moduli, Poisson's ratios, densities... ) and physical (thicknesses and fiber orientations) properties. Two methods are developed: the Certain Generalized Stresses Method (CGSM) and the Modal Stability Procedure (MSP). The CGSM considers a mechanical assumption, the generalized stresses are assumed to be independant of uncertain parameters. lt allows to evaluate the variability of static response. The MSP, proposed to study the variability of structures in dynamics, is based on the assumption that the modes shapes are insensitive to uncertain parameters. These mechanical assumptions and only one fïnite element analysis allow to construct a metamodel used in a Monte Carlo simulation. As a result, the computational cost is reduced considerably. Moreover, they are not limited by the number of considered parameters or the level of input variability, and are compatible with standard finite element software. Four academic examples of composite plate and shell are treated with the CGSM, while two academic examples of composite square plate and an example of stiffened plate are studied by the MSP. The variability of static response (displacement and failure criterion) and dynamic response (natural frequency), namely mean value, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and distribution, is evaluated. The results obtained by the proposed methods are compared with those obtained by the direct Monte Carlo simulation, considered as the reference method. The comparison shows that the proposed methods provide quite accurate results and highlights their high computational efficiency. An error indicator is also proposed, which allows to provide an estimation of the error level of the results obtained by the CGSM or MSP compared to the reference method, without performing a large number of finite element analyses
Maire, Sylvain. "Réduction de variance pour l'intégration numérique et pour le calcul critique en transport neutronique." Toulon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUL0013.
Full textThis work deals with Monte Carlo methods and is especially devoted to variance-reduction. In the first part, we study a probabilistic algorithm, based on iterated control variates, wich enables the computation of mean-square ap-. Proximations. We obtain Monte Carlo estimators with increased convergence rate for monodimensional regular functions using it with periodized Fourier basis, Legendre and Tchebychef polynomial basis. It is then extended to the multidimensional case in trying to attenuate the dimensional effect by making a good choice of the basis functions. Various numerical examples and applications are studied. The second part deals with criticality in neutron transport theory. We develop a numerical method to compute the principal eigenvalue of the neutron transport operator by combining the Monte-Carlo computation of the solution of the relative Cauchy problem and its formal eigenfunction expansion. Various variance-reduction methods are tested on both homogeneous and inhomo-geaeous models. The stochastic representation of the principal eigenvalue is obtained for a peculiar homogeneous model
Estrade, Anne. "Calcul stochastique discontinu sur les groupes de lie." Orléans, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ORLE2007.
Full textCourau, Tanguy. "Application de la théorie des perturbations généralisées aux calculs de cellules utilisant la méthode des probabilités de collision." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ65538.pdf.
Full textRoy, Pierre-Nicholas. "Méthodes quantiques pour le calcul de niveaux d'énergie, de probabilités de réactions et de spectres photo-électroniques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26729.pdf.
Full textDelahay, Thomas. "Développement d'une méthode probabiliste de calcul en fatigue multiaxiale prenant en compte la répartition volumique des contraintes." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12846.
Full textSerra, Romain. "Opérations de proximité en orbite : évaluation du risque de collision et calcul de manoeuvres optimales pour l'évitement et le rendez-vous." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0035/document.
Full textThis thesis is about collision avoidance for a pair of spherical orbiting objects. The primary object - the operational satellite - is active in the sense that it can use its thrusters to change its trajectory, while the secondary object is a space debris that cannot be controlled in any way. Onground radars or other means allow to foresee a conjunction involving an operational space craft,leading in the production of a collision alert. The latter contains statistical data on the position and velocity of the two objects, enabling for the construction of a probabilistic collision model.The work is divided in two parts : the computation of collision probabilities and the design of maneuvers to lower the collision risk. In the first part, two kinds of probabilities - that can be written as integrals of a Gaussian distribution over an Euclidean ball in 2 and 3 dimensions -are expanded in convergent power series with positive terms. It is done using the theories of Laplace transform and Definite functions. In the second part, the question of collision avoidance is formulated as a chance-constrained optimization problem. Depending on the collision model, namely short or long-term encounters, it is respectively tackled via the scenario approach or relaxed using polyhedral collision sets. For the latter, two methods are proposed. The first one directly tackles the joint chance constraints while the second uses another relaxation called risk selection to obtain a mixed-integer program. Additionaly, the solution to the problem of fixed-time fuel minimizing out-of-plane proximity maneuvers is derived. This optimal control problem is solved via the primer vector theory
Vieira, Flavio Henrique Teles. "Contribuições ao calculo de banda e de probabilidade de perda para trafego multifractal de redes." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260936.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: A modelagem multifractal generaliza os modelos de tráfego existentes na literatura e se mostra apropriada para descrever as características encontradas nos fluxos de tráfego das redes atuais. A presente tese investiga abordagens para alocação de banda, predição de tráfego e estimação de probabilidade de perda de bytes considerando as características multifractais de tráfego. Primeiramente, um Modelo Multifractal baseado em Wavelets (MMW) é proposto. Levando em consideração as propriedades deste modelo, são derivados o parâmetro de escala global, a função de autocorrelação e a banda efetiva para processos multifractais. A capacidade de atualização em tempo real do MMW aliada à banda efetiva proposta permite o desenvolvimento de um algoritmo de estimação adaptativa de banda efetiva. Através deste algoritmo é introduzido um esquema de provisão adaptativo de banda efetiva. Estuda-se também a alocação de banda baseada em predição de tráfego. Para este fim, propõe-se um preditor adaptativo fuzzy de tráfego, o qual é aplicado em uma nova estratégia de alocação de banda. O preditor fuzzy adaptativo proposto utiliza funções de base ortonormais baseadas nas propriedades do MMW. Com relação à probabilidade de perda para tráfego multifractal, derivase uma expressão analítica para a estimação da probabilidade de perda de bytes considerando que o tráfego obedece ao MMW. Além disso, uma caracterização mais completa do comportamento de fila é efetuada pela obtenção de limitantes para a probabilidade de perda e para a ocupação média do buffer em termos da banda efetiva do MMW. Por fim, é apresentado um esquema de controle de admissão usando o envelope efetivo proposto para o MMW oriundo do cálculo de rede estatístico, que garante que os fluxos admitidos obedeçam simultaneamente aos requisitos de perda e de retardo. As simulações realizadas evidenciam a relevância das propostas apresentadas
Abstract: Multifractal modeling generalizes the existing traffic models and is believed to be appropriate to describe the characteristics of traffic flows of modern communication networks. This thesis investigates some novel approaches for bandwidth allocation, traffic prediction and byte loss probability estimation, by considering the multifractal characteristics of the network traffic. Firstly, a Wavelet based Multifractal Model (WMM) is proposed. Taking into account the properties of this multifractal model, we derive the global scaling parameter, the autocorrelation function and the effective bandwidth for multifractal processes. The real time updating capacity of the WMM in connection with our effective bandwidth proposal allows us to develop an algorithm for adaptive effective bandwidth estimation. Then, through this algorithm, an adaptive bandwidth provisioning scheme is introduced. In this work, we also study a prediction-based bandwidth allocation case. For this end, we develop an adaptive fuzzy predictor, which is incorporated into a novel bandwidth allocation scheme. The proposed adaptive fuzzy predictor makes use of orthonormal basis functions based on the properties of the WMM. Additionally, we derive an analytical expression for the byte loss probability estimation assuming that the traffic obeys the MMW. Besides, a more complete characterization of the queuing behavior is carried out through the estimation of the bounds for the loss probability and mean queue length in buffer in terms of the WMM based effective bandwidth. Finally, an admission control scheme is presented that uses the WMM based effective envelope derived through the statistical network calculus, guaranteeing that the admitted flows simultaneously attend the loss and delay requirements. The computer simulation results confirm the relevance of the presented proposals
Doutorado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
De, Marco Stefano. "On probability distributions of diffusions and financial models with non-globally smooth coefficients." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00588686.
Full textAWANTO, CHRISTOPHE. "Etude et developpement d'une methode de calcul des systemes photovoltaiques, basee sur le concept de la probabilite de rupture de charge." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EVRY0013.
Full textAmeryoun, Hamed. "Calcul probabiliste des actions de houle pour l'éolien offshore au large des côtes ligériennes en présence de bio-salissures." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT2046.
Full textOne of the most important phases during the design or assessment of an offshore structure is evaluation of environmental loads and updating data such as biofouling. The random nature of biofouling and its inherent uncertainty make modeling of environmental loading complicated. Biofouling is a complex phenomenon involving a diversity of marine species. It has many negative impacts on offshore structures such as increase in drag coefficient. Therefore, it represents a challenge for engineers with respect to design and maintenance programs. Several standardized methods of inspections of marine growth have been developed to obtain relevant information about species composition, percent cover, weight, thickness and. Biocolonization processes show spatial and temporal variations related to several environmental factors acting at regional and local scales. This dissertation is comprised of four chapters. Chapter One summarizes biofouling inspections and measurement techniques and presents biofouling communities and influencing parameters. Chapter Two considers the biocolonization as a cumulative deterioration process and defines two phases of initiation and propagation for it. It proposes a stochastic modeling of biofouling based on non-stationary state-dependent gamma process for the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. Chapter Three focuses on drag term of the Morison’s equation. It reviews the effect of surface roughness (k) and average thickness of marine growth (Th). Moreover, the drag force exerted by extreme waves for colonized structure during the typical macro-colonization years is determined. Last chapter discusses the results and recommendation for further studies
Lahjaily, Hamid. "Introduction de la dilution dans la modélisation de la combustion turbulente pour les mélanges pauvres : application à une flamme stabilisée dans un écoulement à point d'arrêt." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2338.
Full textLYOUSSI-CHARRAT, NAIMA. "Calcul de transport neutronique dans le code apollo2 par la methode des probabilites de collision dans une geometrie cartesienne generale." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF21619.
Full textBandini, Elena. "Représentation probabiliste d'équations HJB pour le contrôle optimal de processus à sauts, EDSR (équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades) et calcul stochastique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLY005/document.
Full textIn the present document we treat three different topics related to stochastic optimal control and stochastic calculus, pivoting on thenotion of backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) driven by a random measure.After a general introduction, the three first chapters of the thesis deal with optimal control for different classes of non-diffusiveMarkov processes, in finite or infinite horizon. In each case, the value function, which is the unique solution to anintegro-differential Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation, is probabilistically represented as the unique solution of asuitable BSDE. In the first chapter we control a class of semi-Markov processes on finite horizon; the second chapter isdevoted to the optimal control of pure jump Markov processes, while in the third chapter we consider the case of controlled piecewisedeterministic Markov processes (PDMPs) on infinite horizon. In the second and third chapters the HJB equations associatedto the optimal control problems are fully nonlinear. Those situations arise when the laws of the controlled processes arenot absolutely continuous with respect to the law of a given, uncontrolled, process. Since the corresponding HJB equationsare fully nonlinear, they cannot be represented by classical BSDEs. In these cases we have obtained nonlinear Feynman-Kacrepresentation formulae by generalizing the control randomization method introduced in Kharroubi and Pham (2015)for classical diffusions. This approach allows us to relate the value function with a BSDE driven by a random measure,whose solution hasa sign constraint on one of its components.Moreover, the value function of the original non-dominated control problem turns out to coincide withthe value function of an auxiliary dominated control problem, expressed in terms of equivalent changes of probability measures.In the fourth chapter we study a backward stochastic differential equation on finite horizon driven by an integer-valued randommeasure $mu$ on $R_+times E$, where $E$ is a Lusin space, with compensator $nu(dt,dx)=dA_t,phi_t(dx)$. The generator of thisequation satisfies a uniform Lipschitz condition with respect to the unknown processes.In the literature, well-posedness results for BSDEs in this general setting have only been established when$A$ is continuous or deterministic. We provide an existence and uniqueness theorem for the general case, i.e.when $A$ is a right-continuous nondecreasing predictable process. Those results are relevant, for example,in the frameworkof control problems related to PDMPs. Indeed, when $mu$ is the jump measure of a PDMP on a bounded domain, then $A$ is predictable and discontinuous.Finally, in the two last chapters of the thesis we deal with stochastic calculus for general discontinuous processes.In the fifth chapter we systematically develop stochastic calculus via regularization in the case of jump processes,and we carry on the investigations of the so-called weak Dirichlet processes in the discontinuous case.Such a process $X$ is the sum of a local martingale and an adapted process $A$ such that $[N,A] = 0$, for any continuouslocal martingale $N$.Given a function $u:[0,T] times R rightarrow R$, which is of class $C^{0,1}$ (or sometimes less), we provide a chain rule typeexpansion for $u(t,X_t)$, which constitutes a generalization of It^o's lemma being valid when $u$ is of class $C^{1,2}$.This calculus is applied in the sixth chapter to the theory of BSDEs driven by random measures.In several situations, when the underlying forward process $X$ is a special semimartingale, or, even more generally,a special weak Dirichlet process,we identify the solutions $(Y,Z,U)$ of the considered BSDEs via the process $X$ and the solution $u$ to an associatedintegro PDE
Bandini, Elena. "Représentation probabiliste d'équations HJB pour le contrôle optimal de processus à sauts, EDSR (équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades) et calcul stochastique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLY005.
Full textIn the present document we treat three different topics related to stochastic optimal control and stochastic calculus, pivoting on thenotion of backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) driven by a random measure.After a general introduction, the three first chapters of the thesis deal with optimal control for different classes of non-diffusiveMarkov processes, in finite or infinite horizon. In each case, the value function, which is the unique solution to anintegro-differential Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation, is probabilistically represented as the unique solution of asuitable BSDE. In the first chapter we control a class of semi-Markov processes on finite horizon; the second chapter isdevoted to the optimal control of pure jump Markov processes, while in the third chapter we consider the case of controlled piecewisedeterministic Markov processes (PDMPs) on infinite horizon. In the second and third chapters the HJB equations associatedto the optimal control problems are fully nonlinear. Those situations arise when the laws of the controlled processes arenot absolutely continuous with respect to the law of a given, uncontrolled, process. Since the corresponding HJB equationsare fully nonlinear, they cannot be represented by classical BSDEs. In these cases we have obtained nonlinear Feynman-Kacrepresentation formulae by generalizing the control randomization method introduced in Kharroubi and Pham (2015)for classical diffusions. This approach allows us to relate the value function with a BSDE driven by a random measure,whose solution hasa sign constraint on one of its components.Moreover, the value function of the original non-dominated control problem turns out to coincide withthe value function of an auxiliary dominated control problem, expressed in terms of equivalent changes of probability measures.In the fourth chapter we study a backward stochastic differential equation on finite horizon driven by an integer-valued randommeasure μ on ℝ+ x E, where E is a Lusin space, with compensator v(dt,dx)=dAt φ(dx). The generator of thisequation satisfies a uniform Lipschitz condition with respect to the unknown processes.In the literature, well-posedness results for BSDEs in this general setting have only been established when A is continuous or deterministic. We provide an existence and uniqueness theorem for the general case, i.e. when A is a right-continuous nondecreasing predictable process. Those results are relevant, for example, in the frameworkof control problems related to PDMPs. Indeed, when μ is the jump measure of a PDMP on a bounded domain, then A is predictable and discontinuous.Finally, in the two last chapters of the thesis we deal with stochastic calculus for general discontinuous processes.In the fifth chapter we systematically develop stochastic calculus via regularization in the case of jump processes,and we carry on the investigations of the so-called weak Dirichlet processes in the discontinuous case.Such a process X is the sum of a local martingale and an adapted process A such that [N,A] = 0, for any continuouslocal martingale N.Given a function u:[0,T] x ℝ → R, which is of class C⁰′¹ (or sometimes less), we provide a chain rule type expansion for u(t, Xt), which constitutes a generalization of Itô's lemma being valid when u is of class C¹′².This calculus is applied in the sixth chapter to the theory of BSDEs driven by random measures.In several situations, when the underlying forward process X is a special semimartingale, or, even more generally,a special weak Dirichlet process,we identify the solutions (Y,Z,U) of the considered BSDEs via the process X and the solution u to an associated integro PDE
Averous, Jean, and Michel Meste. "Famille de boules centrales d'une probabilité sur un espace de Banach. Application aux ordres et mesures de dissymétrie et de kurtosis." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30017.
Full textDerouet, Charlotte. "La fonction de densité au carrefour entre probabilités et analyse en terminale S : Etude de la conception et de la mise en oeuvre de tâches d'introduction articulant lois à densité et calcul intégral." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC126/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the connections between probability and analysis (calculus) in the scientific track of Grade 12 (French baccalaureate program). We explored the ways in which links between the mathematics subfields of continuous probability and integral calculus are created and explored, through a research focused on the concept of density function. Using the Mathematical Working Space model and some elements of Activity Theory, we sought to identify tasks that would allow introducing this concept and building the semiotic relationship between probability and integral. In order to address this issue, we began with an epistemological and historical study of the birth of the concept of density function, which enabled us to identify the important role of statistics in this genesis. Then, an analysis of institutional documents and textbooks showed that the link between continuous probability and integral calculus is imposed on students and rarely exploited in the different tasks given to them. Finally, we studied the design and implementation of original introductory tasks through a research methodology that we call “collaborative didactic engineering”. The goal of these tasks is to get the class “collective” to construct the concept of density function and trigger the need for calculating areas under a curve. We highlighted the activities of the class “collective” in the construction of this notion by analyzing articulations between the three subfields: continuous probability, descriptive statistics and integral calculus
Cauvin, Maxime Verdel Thierry. "Prise en compte des incertitudes et calcul de probabilité dans les études de risques liés au sol et au sous-sol." S. l. : INPL, 2007. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2007_CAUVIN_M.pdf.
Full textRoussel, Olivier. "Génération aléatoire de structures ordonnées par le modèle de Boltzmann." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066282.
Full textUniform random generation is a central issue in combinatorics. Indeed, random sampling is virtually connected to all parts of combinatorics, whether to exact or asymptotic enumeration, or to the experimental verification of conjectures. Various methods have been developed in order to efficiently solve that issue. Boltzmann model is among them. This method, relaxing some constraints about the size of the object being currently generated, ensures a linear complexity in many actual cases, and can easily be automatized for various combinatorial classes. This thesis aims at enlarging the set of such admissible classes, while keeping the nice properties of linear complexity and ease of automation. The first part is devoted to the presentation of the Boltzmann model and existing Boltzmann samplers, and the study of their properties and mathematical foundations. In the second part, we introduce our idea of biasing those samplers in order to enlarge their range of validity. Firstly, we present a general extension, and then specialize it to several combinatorial operations such as the derivation, the shuffle product or the unpointing operation. Finally, we present a uniform random sampler for the Hadamard product. We highlight our algorithms through this thesis with examples and experimental results, illustrating the efficiency of our methods
Marie, Nicolas. "Trajectoires rugueuses, processus gaussiens et applications." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783931.
Full textNicaise, Florent. "Calcul stochastique anticipant pour des processus avec sauts." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF2A003.
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