Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Calcul probabilité'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Calcul probabilité.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Bardet, Ivan. "Émergence de dynamiques classiques en probabilité quantique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1071/document.
Full textThis thesis focus on the study of several bridges that exist between classical probabilities and open quantum systems theory. In the first part of the thesis, we consider open quantum systems with classical environment. Thus the environment acts as a classical noise so that the evolution of the system results in a mixing of unitary dynamics. My work consisted in defining a relevant von Neumann algebra on the environment which, in this situation, is commutative. In the general case, we show that this algebra leads to a decomposition of the environment between a classical and a quantum part. In the second part, we forget for a time the environment in order to focus on the emergence of classical stochastic processes inside the system. This situation appears when the quantum Markov semigroup leaves an invariant commutative maximal von Neumann algebra. First, we develop a recipe in order to generate such semigroup, which emphasizes the role of a certain kind of classical dilation. We apply the recipe to prove the existence of a quantum extension for L\'evy processes. Then in the same part of the thesis we study a special kind of classical dynamics that can emerge on a bipartite quantum system, call \emph. Such walks are stochastic but displayed strong quantum behavior. We define a Dirichlet problem associated to these walks and solve it using a variational approch and non-commutative Dirichlet forms. Finally, the last part is dedicated to the study of Environment Induced Decoherence for quantum Markov semigroup on finite von Neumann algebra. We prove that such decoherence always occurs when the semigroup has a faithful invariant state. Then we focus on the fundamental problem of estimating the time of the process. To this end we define adapted non-commutative functional inequalities. The central interest of these definitions is to take into account entanglement effects, which are expected to lower the speed of decoherence
Genitrini, Antoine. "Expressions booléennes aléatoires : probabilité, complexité et comparaison quantitative de logiques propositionnelles." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0010.
Full textIn this thesis, I am interested in propositional systems from a probability/complexity point of view. I begin with two probability distributions on Boolean functions, induced by the Boolean expressions built with the Implication connective. I obtain the structure of most of the expressions representing a given function, when the number of variables tends to infinity. This gives the asymptotic equivalent of the probability of the function, depending on its complexity. Via the function True, we compare quantitatively the intuitionistic and classical logics of implication. This comparison highlights some properties of a class of expressions, that are found also in the full propositional system, and we can compare the two logics in this system. Finally we study balanced expressions in the two systems built on implication, or on the two connectors And and Or. In both cases, we exhibit the probability distribution of the functions
Faix, Marvin. "Conception de machines probabilistes dédiées aux inférences bayésiennes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM079/document.
Full textThe aim of this research is to design computers best suited to do probabilistic reasoning. The focus of the research is on the processing of uncertain data and on the computation of probabilistic distribution. For this, new machine architectures are presented. The concept they are designed on is different to the one proposed by Von Neumann, without any fixed or floating point arithmetic. These architectures could replace the current processors in sensor processing and robotic fields.In this thesis, two types of probabilistic machines are presented. Their designs are radically different, but both are dedicated to Bayesian inferences and use stochastic computing. The first deals with small-dimension inference problems and uses stochastic computing to perform the necessary operations to calculate the inference. This machine is based on the concept of probabilistic bus and has a strong parallelism.The second machine can deal with intractable inference problems. It implements a particular MCMC method: the Gibbs algorithm at the binary level. In this case, stochastic computing is used for sampling the distribution of interest. An important feature of this machine is the ability to circumvent the convergence problems generally attributed to stochastic computing. Finally, an extension of this second type of machine is presented. It consists of a generic and programmable machine designed to approximate solution to any inference problem
Cauvin, Maxime. "Prise en compte des incertitudes et calcul de probabilité dans les études de risques liés au sol et au sous-sol." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL108N/document.
Full textAnalyses of risks related to ground and underground issues (surface collapses, subsidence, rockfalls, etc.) are generally undertaken in a strong context of uncertainty. However, tools that are available for geotechnical expert to carry out his study suffer today from not being able to really seize this context of uncertainty. This work takes firstly stock of the notion of uncertainty in risk analyses. It provides a definition and a typology of uncertainty that can be concretely used by the expert. For each of the defined classes, methods allowing an operational treatment of uncertainties are presented, either extracted from a literature survey or developed in the framework of the Thesis. The use of probabilities as an expertise-help tool is secondly examined. A discussion, which distinguishes between frequentist and epistemic interpretations of probabilities, is proposed to evaluate the benefits and implications that probabilities can have towards the practical elaboration of a risk analysis. This study is mainly dedicated to the field expert in charge of the analysis. Numerous concrete examples (analysis of surface stability above an underground coal mine, sinkhole development analysis over an underground gypsum mine, elaboration of a Mining Risk Prevention Plan) are therefore provided both to present the main results of the work and to illustrate the adaptability of the tools being introduced to the current methodologies of analysis. They also aim at highlighting the fact that the treatment of uncertainties and the use of probabilities in risk analyses can facilitate the process of expertise and allow a better communication between the various actors of risk management
Osseiran, Ahmad-Chawki. "Contribution à la théorie des probabilités symboliques." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066650.
Full textArroyo-Contreras, Moisés. "Approche probabiliste du comportement élasto-plastique de structures marines, sous sollicitations aléatoires de houle." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523059.
Full textBen, Ghorbal Anis. "Fondements algébriques des probabilités quantiques et calcul stochastique sur l'espace de Fock booléen." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10009.
Full textAverous, Jean, and Michel Meste. "Famille de boules centrales d'une probabilité sur un espace de Banach. Application aux ordres et mesures de dissymétrie et de kurtosis." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30017.
Full textBaili, Hana. "Caractérisation statistique de mesures dynamiques continues à partir d'un modèle de connaissance." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112077.
Full textIn this thesis, we deal with statistical characterization of dynamical continuous measurements within a knowledge-based model. A measurement is any quantity to be observed within a system; we talk about indirect measurement when this quantity cannot be directly given by some sensors. The term dynamic refers to the evolution of the measurement in time. The model is said knowledge-based because it comes from the mathematical traduction of the system physics, as opposed to black-box models. The quantities that when fixed, cause the others to be determined uniquely, are called model's data, such as initial conditions, observations, controls, etc. Often, some of them are unknown because they are random or deterministic but the model comes from an incomplete description of the system. A prior information about some uncertainty can be acquired; it will consist of its average and dispersion, if it is random, or of some set that specifies its values, if it is deterministic. Given the model described below, what's about the measurement? We propose here a probabilistic approach to characterize the measurement; in fact the modelling step, involved at the beginning, consists in transforming the model into a stochastic differential equation (sde) determining a process such that estimating the probability density function (pdf) of this process achieves the ultimate measurement; this is the "statistical characterization". Chapter 3 describes the modelization task in general, using McShane's stochastic calculus as theoretical basis. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 present our methods for estimating the pdf of the (extended) measurement
Jiang, Li. "Calcul en fatigue des ouvrages métalliques par la mécanique de la rupture (approche probabiliste)." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569145.
Full textSerra, Romain. "Opérations de proximité en orbite : évaluation du risque de collision et calcul de manoeuvres optimales pour l'évitement et le rendez-vous." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0035/document.
Full textThis thesis is about collision avoidance for a pair of spherical orbiting objects. The primary object - the operational satellite - is active in the sense that it can use its thrusters to change its trajectory, while the secondary object is a space debris that cannot be controlled in any way. Onground radars or other means allow to foresee a conjunction involving an operational space craft,leading in the production of a collision alert. The latter contains statistical data on the position and velocity of the two objects, enabling for the construction of a probabilistic collision model.The work is divided in two parts : the computation of collision probabilities and the design of maneuvers to lower the collision risk. In the first part, two kinds of probabilities - that can be written as integrals of a Gaussian distribution over an Euclidean ball in 2 and 3 dimensions -are expanded in convergent power series with positive terms. It is done using the theories of Laplace transform and Definite functions. In the second part, the question of collision avoidance is formulated as a chance-constrained optimization problem. Depending on the collision model, namely short or long-term encounters, it is respectively tackled via the scenario approach or relaxed using polyhedral collision sets. For the latter, two methods are proposed. The first one directly tackles the joint chance constraints while the second uses another relaxation called risk selection to obtain a mixed-integer program. Additionaly, the solution to the problem of fixed-time fuel minimizing out-of-plane proximity maneuvers is derived. This optimal control problem is solved via the primer vector theory
Gao, Yingzhong. "Modèles probabilistes et possibilistes pour la prise en compte de l'incertain dans la sécurité des structures." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569129.
Full textWoittequand, Fabrice. "Étude théorique de la dynamique des collisions réactives : calcul de la probabilité de réaction cumulée N (E) : et étude de l'influence de la topologie de la surface de potentiel sur la dynamique de la réaction." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-297.pdf.
Full textDes travaux menés il y a quelques années ont montré que certains facteurs influencent de manière importante la dynamique des collisions réactives indirectes du type A + BC → AB + C. Parmi ces facteurs, la topologie du puits intermédiaire joue un rôle déterminant sur la distribution d'énergie des produits. Des études classiques et quantiques à une dimension, pour la réaction modèle C+ NO → CN + O, ont permis de montrer que: 1)- Un accroissement de l'anisotropie p du puits (définie comme le rapport au fond du puits des constantes de force quadratiques kCN et kNO le long des directions CN et NO), entraîne une excitation vibrationnelle accrue de la molécule AB nouvellement formée. 2)- La mise en évidence de comportements " chaotiques" de la population des niveaux vibrationnels de AB à basse énergie à partir d'une valeur seuil d'anisotropie. Ce comportement pouvant être attribué à l'existence, dans ce domaine d'énergie, de résonances quantiques qui n'ont pas leur équivalent classique et qui dominent la dynamique du processus de collision. Ces résultats bien que limités à une approche colinéaire étaient les seuls qui tentaient de donner des lois de comportement dynamique pour les réactions indirectes: L' objectif de cette deuxième partie est donc de généraliser les lois établies précédemment en prenant en compte tous les degrés de liberté
Kachigar, Ghazal. "Questions de localisabilité pour le calcul distribué." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0339/document.
Full textThis thesis is divided in two parts. Its starting point is the concept of resistance to localisation, an important concept in distributed quantum computing.In the first, theoretical part of this thesis, we go over the history of certain concepts and results in quantum information theory and distributed computing, such as the phenomenon of entanglement and the non-signalling condition in the first domain, and the LOCAL model and the colouring problem in the second domain. We then focus on the φ-LOCAL model, whose goal is to study the possibility of quantum distributed algorithms, and which was developedin 2009 by adapting the non-signalling condition to the LOCAL model. We introduce the concepts of global and local consistency in order to emphasise some shortcomings of this model. Finally, we present a more adequate version ofthe φ-LOCAL model.The second part of this thesis contains our major technical results in probability theory. We define the concept of k-localisability which is a probabilistic translation of the φ-LOCAL model. We show that this concept is close to but weaker than the concept of k-dependence which is well-studied in the probabilistic literature. We mention recent results concerning 1-dependent colouring of the path graph and the conclusion they allow us to reach with regards to 1-localisable colouring of the path graph : that it is possible with four or more colours. The rest of this part is dedicated to answering the question of the possibility of 1-localisable colouring of the path graph using three colours which we will show to be impossible. In answering this question we have made use of methods in linear programming and combinatorics. In particular, we prove a theorem on the explicit solution of a linear programming problem having a certain form, and a formula for the Catalan numbers
Durand, Pascal. "Modélisation de brouillards de gouttelettes par une approche statistique." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES023.
Full textSab, Karam. "Sur quelques méthodes en mécanique aléatoire." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00519684.
Full textBouba, Oumarou. "Théories quantique et semi-classique des intégrales radiales de transitions dipolaires et multipolaires des états excités : Applications au calcul des forces d'oscillateur et des probabilités de transition dans l'approximation à une configuration." Orléans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ORLE0010.
Full textMammone, Rinaldi Angelo. "Équations philosophiques : la construction de la science mathématique de la politique par Condorcet dans l'«Essai sur la probabilité des décisions ». Un essai de philologie mathématique." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0005.
Full textThe Condorcet's Essai sur la probabilité des décisions is a paradox for a mere mathematical history of mathematics : mathematicians judged this text 1. Very important (18th-early 19th century), 2. An error and a source of error (19th-half 20th century), 3. And today again very important. As a mathematical history focusing only on mathematics is insufficient, a history of mathematics must deal both with the calculations and their (philosophical, political, religious) senses. In the first part I show the history of this paradox, analysing the oppositions between the groups of mathematicians, the fight to sacralize some researches as 'science', and the fights to preserve or to change memories. In the second part I try to follow the sound and meaning of the words Condorcet uses, through the texts coeval and previous to his calculations. I show then the intimate relations between the mathematical quest of solutions to problems and the philosophical research that goes before and along it
Touati, Karim. "Validation probabiliste d'un code de calcul numérique : application aux calculs des fondations superficielles avec une loi élastoplastique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0344.
Full textCabanal-Duvillard, Thierry. "Probabilités libres et calcul stochastique : application aux grandes matrices aléatoires." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066594.
Full textNicolae, Angelica. "Presentazione ipertestuale del Calcolo della probabilità." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4916/.
Full textXuefeng, Wu. "Modélisation numérique de la fissuration du béton à partir d'une approche probabiliste." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENPC9118.
Full textGrusea, Simona. "Applications du calcul des probabilités à la recherche de régions génomiques conservées." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377445.
Full textUn aspect important de notre démarche est le fait de prendre en compte l'existence des familles multigéniques. Dans la deuxième partie nous proposons trois mesures, basées sur la distance de transposition dans le groupe symétrique, pour quantifier l'exceptionalité de l'ordre des gènes dans des régions génomiques conservées. Nous avons obtenu des expressions analytiques pour leur distribution dans le cas d'une permutation aléatoire. Dans la troisième partie nous avons étudié la distribution du nombre de cycles dans le graphe des points de rupture d'une permutation signée aléatoire. Nous avons utilisé la technique ``Markov chain imbedding'' pour obtenir cette distribution en terme d'un produit de matrices de transition d'une certaine chaîne de Markov finie. La connaissance de cette
distribution fournit par la suite une très bonne approximation pour la distribution de la distance d'inversion.
Grusea, Simona. "Applications du calcul des probabilités à la recherche de régions genomiques conservées." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11067.
Full textThis thesis is concentrated on some probability and statistical issues linked to genomic comparison. In the first part we present a compound Poisson approximation for computing probabilities involved in significance tests for conserved genomic regions found by the reference-region approach. An important aspect of our computations is the fact that we are taking into account the existence of multigene families. In the second part we propose three measures, based on the transposition distance in the symmetric group, for quantifying the exceptionality of the gene order in conserved genomic regions. We obtain analytic expressions for their distribution in the case of a random permutation. In the third part of the thesis we study the distribution of the number of cycles in the breakpoint graph of a random signed permutation. We use the Markov chain imbedding technique to obtain this distribution in terms of a product of transition matrices of a certain finite Markov chain. The knowledge of this distribution provides a very good approximation for the distribution of the reversal distance
Sellier, Alain. "Modélisations probabilistes du comportement de matériaux et de structures en génie civil." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DENS0012.
Full textDimauro, Giuliana. "Il calcolo delle Probabilità: storia, didattica ed applicazioni." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Arroyo-Contreras, Moises. "Approche probabiliste du comportement élasto-plastique de structures marines, sous sollicitations aléatoires de houles." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENPC8904.
Full textHouissa, Asma. "Les algorithmes d’apprentissage pour l’aide au stationnement urbain." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV001.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop, to integrate and to test a new algorithmic approach to help parking in urban centers.Given the different types of deployed infrastructure : from input-output detection of vehicles to time variation of the number of available places within each street segment, we propose an efficient method to determine an itinerary that minimize the time expectation to find an available place and also to predict the availability of the parking places.We have chosen an urban area and we have considered it as a set of parking resources called street segments. More exactly, this urban area is considered as a graph where the vertexes represent the crossroads and the arcs represent the street segments. The essential parameters of our urban area model are the parking capacity and the time crossing of each street segment. The originality and the innovation of our approach are based on two principles.The first one is the guidance as a resource, i.e., it means that the proposed itinerary is not the one that lead to an available parking place but rather the one that minimized the time expectation to find an available parking place. In order to achieve that we determine, in a an area centered on a given destination, the itinerary to follow by the vehicle in order minimize its time expectation to find an available parking place as quickly aspossible.We have designed and realized a reinforcement learning algorithm based on the LRI method (Linear Reward Inaction) and a Monte Carlo method to minimize the time expectation to find an available parking place in the urban area. We have compared this algorithm to a global approach based on tree evaluation with bounded depth. The second principle is based on the prediction of the parking places by homogeneous time period where we are not interestedon a parking place in real time but rather on the parking places byarea. In other terms, the system predict the potential available parkingplaces by resource for the next time periods. Thus, we don’t aim to predict the availability of each parking place, i.e., each resource is considered as stock area and its availability is assessed in major part in function of the street segment input-output flow. For this principle, we have determined by a learning algorithm the probability that there is at least one available parking place in a street segment within a given time. The major data needed to compute this probability are the time series of input-output of each vehicle in street intersections, and the variation of the available parking places through the time.We have evaluated the performance of this approach by simulation based on random generated data and on real data of a district in Versailles
De, Marco Stefano. "On probability distributions of diffusions and financial models with non-globally smooth coefficients." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00588686.
Full textCallens, Stéphane. "La valeur pratique du calcul des probabilités selon Émile Borel : les maîtres de l'erreur." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0027.
Full textThe hu ge success of statistical and probabilistical approaches is still a mystery. Ne vertheless, a new historical look at the work of probabilist emile borel and of some of his predecessors, allows us to realize the shifts operated by the massive probabilisation of sciences since the mathematical physics of the nineteenth century. One should first see in it a promotion of precision, not so much as the instrumental equipment of a procedure for reaching truth, but rather as the autonomisation of analytico-numerical processes from algebrico-logical processes. Precision as a requirement in the knowledge of the social or natural world opens a space for men to adjust to the world, a space left open especially for the statistical and probabilistic approaches. More so, one should see in the work of emile borel, the completion of a total reform of the idea of measure. The notion of measure included old junctions between proportion, harmony, excess. These have been transformed to leave the way to a new measure, free in its diversity, axiomaticaly purged, and efficient in the establishment of relations fitted to the social and natural world
Shao, Jun. "Calcul de probabilités d'événements rares liés aux maxima en horizon fini de processus stochastiques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22771/document.
Full textInitiated within the framework of an ANR project (the MODNAT project) targeted on the stochastic modeling of natural hazards and the probabilistic quantification of their dynamic effects on mechanical and structural systems, this thesis aims at the calculation of probabilities of rare events related to the maxima of stochastic processes over a finite time interval, taking into account the following four constraints : (1) the set of considered processes must contain the four main categories of processes encountered in random dynamics, namely stationary Gaussian, non-stationary Gaussian, stationary non-Gaussian and non-stationary non-Gaussian ones ; (2) these processes can be either described by their distributions, or functions of processes described by their distributions, or solutions of stochastic differential equations, or solutions of stochastic differential inclusions ; (3) the events in question are crossings of high thresholds by the maxima of the considered processes over finite time intervals and these events are of very weak occurrence, hence of very small probability, due to the high size of thresholds ; and finally (4) the use of a Monte Carlo approach to perform this type of calculation must be proscribed because it is too time-consuming given the above constraints. To solve such a problem, whose field of interest extends well beyond probabilistic mechanics and structural reliability (it is found in all scientific domains in connection with the extreme values theory, such as financial mathematics or economical sciences), an innovative method is proposed, whose main idea emerged from the analysis of the results of a large-scale statistical study carried out within the MODNAT project. This study, which focuses on analyzing the behavior of the extreme values of elements of a large set of processes, has indeed revealed two germ functions explicitly related to the target probability (the first directly related, the second indirectly via a conditional auxiliary probability which itself depend on the target probability) which possess remarkable and recurring regularity properties for all the processes of the database, and the method is based on the joint exploitation of these properties and a "low level approximation-high level extrapolation" principle. Two versions of this method are first proposed, which are distinguished by the choice of the germ function and in each of which the latter is approximated by a polynomial. A third version has also been developed. It is based on the formalism of the second version but which uses as germ function an approximation of "Pareto survival function" type. The numerous presented numerical results attest to the remarkable effectiveness of the first two versions. They also show that they are of comparable precision. The third version, slightly less efficient than the first two, presents the interest of establishing a direct link with the extreme values theory. In each of its three versions, the proposed method is clearly an improvement compared to current methods dedicated to this type of problem. Thanks to its structure, it also offers the advantage of remaining operational in industrial context
Curzi, Gianluca. "Non-laziness in implicit computational complexity and probabilistic λ-calculus". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7010.
Full textThis thesis explores the benefits of non-laziness in both Implicit Computational Complexity and probabilistic computation. More specifically, this thesis can be divided in two main parts. In the first one, we investigate in all directions the mechanisms of linear erasure and duplication, which lead us to the type assignment systems LEM (Linearly Exponential Multiplicative Type Assignment) and LAM (Linearly Additive Multiplicative Type Assignment). The former is able to express weaker versions of the exponential rules of Linear Logic, while the latter has weaker additive rules, called linear additives. These systems enjoy, respectively, a cubic cut-elimination and a linear normalization result. Since linear additives do not require a lazy evaluation to avoid the exponential blow up in normalization (unlike the standard additives), they can be employed to obtain an implicit characterization of the functions computable in probabilistic polynomial time that does not depend on the choice of the reduction strategy. This result is achieved in STA⊕, a system that extends STA (Soft Type Assignment) with a randomized formulation of linear additives. Also, this system is able to capture the complexity classes PP and BPP. The second part of the thesis is focused on the probabilistic λ-calculus endowed with an operational semantics based on the head reduction, i.e. a non-lazy call-by-name evaluation policy. We prove that probabilistic applicative bisimilarity is fully abstract with respect to context equivalence. This result witnesses the discriminating power of non-laziness, which allows to recover a perfect match between the two equivalences that was missing in the lazy setting. Moreover, we show that probabilistic applicative similarity is sound but not complete for the context preorder
Cercone, Maria Grazia. "Origini e sviluppi del calcolo delle probabilità ed alcune applicazioni." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13500/.
Full textLalire, Marie. "Développement d'une notation algorithmique pour le calcul quantique." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0113.
Full textNo formalism or language existed ta describe completely and rigorously quantum algorithms and protocols. 5ince these algorithms and protocols have necessarily quantum and classical parts, process algebras seemed a good candidate for such a language. 50, in this thesis, we developed a notation, based on process algebras, which provides a homogeneous style for formai descriptions of concurrent and distributed quantum computations comprising bath quantum and classical parts. Based upon an operational semantics that makes sure that quantum abjects, operations and communications operate according ta the postulates of quantum mechanics, an equivalence has been defined among process states considered as having the same behaviour
Wills, Stephen J. "Stochastic calculus for infinite dimensional quantum noise." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243406.
Full textDerouet, Charlotte. "La fonction de densité au carrefour entre probabilités et analyse en terminale S : Etude de la conception et de la mise en oeuvre de tâches d'introduction articulant lois à densité et calcul intégral." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC126/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the connections between probability and analysis (calculus) in the scientific track of Grade 12 (French baccalaureate program). We explored the ways in which links between the mathematics subfields of continuous probability and integral calculus are created and explored, through a research focused on the concept of density function. Using the Mathematical Working Space model and some elements of Activity Theory, we sought to identify tasks that would allow introducing this concept and building the semiotic relationship between probability and integral. In order to address this issue, we began with an epistemological and historical study of the birth of the concept of density function, which enabled us to identify the important role of statistics in this genesis. Then, an analysis of institutional documents and textbooks showed that the link between continuous probability and integral calculus is imposed on students and rarely exploited in the different tasks given to them. Finally, we studied the design and implementation of original introductory tasks through a research methodology that we call “collaborative didactic engineering”. The goal of these tasks is to get the class “collective” to construct the concept of density function and trigger the need for calculating areas under a curve. We highlighted the activities of the class “collective” in the construction of this notion by analyzing articulations between the three subfields: continuous probability, descriptive statistics and integral calculus
Maire, Sylvain. "Réduction de variance pour l'intégration numérique et pour le calcul critique en transport neutronique." Toulon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUL0013.
Full textThis work deals with Monte Carlo methods and is especially devoted to variance-reduction. In the first part, we study a probabilistic algorithm, based on iterated control variates, wich enables the computation of mean-square ap-. Proximations. We obtain Monte Carlo estimators with increased convergence rate for monodimensional regular functions using it with periodized Fourier basis, Legendre and Tchebychef polynomial basis. It is then extended to the multidimensional case in trying to attenuate the dimensional effect by making a good choice of the basis functions. Various numerical examples and applications are studied. The second part deals with criticality in neutron transport theory. We develop a numerical method to compute the principal eigenvalue of the neutron transport operator by combining the Monte-Carlo computation of the solution of the relative Cauchy problem and its formal eigenfunction expansion. Various variance-reduction methods are tested on both homogeneous and inhomo-geaeous models. The stochastic representation of the principal eigenvalue is obtained for a peculiar homogeneous model
Chase, Tyler A. "Minimizing the probability of ruin in exchange rate markets." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2009. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-043009-162154/.
Full textRoy, Pierre-Nicholas. "Méthodes quantiques pour le calcul de niveaux d'énergie, de probabilités de réactions et de spectres photo-électroniques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26729.pdf.
Full textEstrade, Anne. "Calcul stochastique discontinu sur les groupes de lie." Orléans, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ORLE2007.
Full textKassem, Fidaa. "Reliability of reinforced concrete structures : Case of slabs subjected to impact." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0096/document.
Full textReinforced concrete structures (RC) are subjected to several sources of uncertainties that highly affect their response. These uncertainties are related to the structure geometry, material properties and the loads applied. The lack of knowledge on the potential load, as well as the uncertainties related to the features of the structure shows that the design of RC structures could be made in a reliability framework. This latter allows propagating uncertainties in the deterministic analysis. However, in order to compute failure probability according to one or several failure criteria, mechanical and stochastic models have to be coupled which can be very time consuming and in some cases impossible. The platform OpenTURNS is used to perform the reliability analysis of three different structures . OpenTURNS is coupled to CASTEM to study the reliability of a RC multifiber cantilever beam subjected to a concentrated load at the free end, to Abaqus to study the reliability of RC slabs which are subjected to accidental dropped object impact during handling operations within nuclear plant buildings, and to ASTER to study the reliability of a prestressed concrete containment building. Only the physical problem of reinforced concrete impacted by a free flying object is investigated in detail. Two deterministic models are used and evaluated: a 3D finite element model simulated with the commercial code “Abaqus/Explicit” and an analytical mass-spring model. The aim of this study is to address this issue of reliability computational effort. Two strategies are proposed for the application of impacted RC slabs. The first one consists in using deterministic analytical models which predict accurately the response of the slab. In the opposite case, when finite element models are needed, the second strategy consists in reducing the number of simulations needed to assess the failure probability. In order to examine the reliability of RC slabs, Monte Carlo and importance sampling methods are coupled with the mass-spring model, while FORM is used with the finite element model. These two stategies are compared in order to verify their efficiency to calculate the probability of failure. Finally, a parametric study is performed to identify the influence of deterministic model parameters on the calculation of failure probability (dimensions of slabs, impact velocity and mass, boundary conditions, impact point, reinforcement
Bogacz, Margaret M. Sennott Linn I. "An intuitive approach to understanding calculus concepts in business applications using probability theory." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1985. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p8514766.
Full textTitle from title page screen, viewed June 6, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Linn Sennott (chair), Kenneth Berk, John Dossey, Lawrence Spence, Charles Streeter. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 273-274) and abstract. Also available in print.
Stuppazzini, Simone. "Il Calcolo delle Probabilità - Sperimentazione di un approccio assiomatico nei Licei Scientifici." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19247/.
Full textDelahay, Thomas. "Développement d'une méthode probabiliste de calcul en fatigue multiaxiale prenant en compte la répartition volumique des contraintes." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12846.
Full textLeventis, Thomas. "Lambdas-théories probabilistes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4085/document.
Full textThe lambda-calculus is a way to formalize the notion of computation. In this thesis we will be interested in some of these variants introducing non deterministim, and we will focus mostly on a probabilistic calculus.The probabilistic lambda-calculus has been studied for some time, but the probabilistic behaviour has always been treated as a side effect. Our purpose is to give a more equational representation of this calculus, by handling the probabilities inside the reduction rather than as a side effect.To begin with we give a deterministic and contextual operational semantics for the call-by-name probabilistic lambda-calculus. To express the probabilistic behaviour of the sum we introduce a syntactic equivalence in our calculus, and we show it has little consequence on the calculus: reducing modulo equivalence amount to reducing and then looking at the result modulo equivalence. We also prove a standardization theorem.Then using this operational semantics we define a notion of equational theories for the probabilistic lambda-calculus. We extend some usual notions to this setting, and in particular the sensibility of a theory. This notion is quite simple in a deterministic setting but becomes more complicated when we have a probabilistic computation.Finally we prove a generalization of the equality between the observational equivalence, the Böhm tree equality and the maximal coherent sensible lambda-theory. We give a notion of probabilistic Böhm trees, and prove that this forms a model of the probabilistic lambda-calculus. Then we prove a separability result stating that two terms with different Böhm trees are separable, i.e. are not observationally equivalent
Marverti, Luca. "Analisi di metodi approssimati per il calcolo della probabilità di collisione tra satelliti." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/25901/.
Full textWilliams, G. S. Blair. "Probability density methods for modeling local and global aspects of intracellular calcium signaling." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623337.
Full textGUERIN, Hélène. "Interprétation probabiliste de l'équation de Landau." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002066.
Full textRoussel, Olivier. "Génération aléatoire de structures ordonnées par le modèle de Boltzmann." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066282.
Full textUniform random generation is a central issue in combinatorics. Indeed, random sampling is virtually connected to all parts of combinatorics, whether to exact or asymptotic enumeration, or to the experimental verification of conjectures. Various methods have been developed in order to efficiently solve that issue. Boltzmann model is among them. This method, relaxing some constraints about the size of the object being currently generated, ensures a linear complexity in many actual cases, and can easily be automatized for various combinatorial classes. This thesis aims at enlarging the set of such admissible classes, while keeping the nice properties of linear complexity and ease of automation. The first part is devoted to the presentation of the Boltzmann model and existing Boltzmann samplers, and the study of their properties and mathematical foundations. In the second part, we introduce our idea of biasing those samplers in order to enlarge their range of validity. Firstly, we present a general extension, and then specialize it to several combinatorial operations such as the derivation, the shuffle product or the unpointing operation. Finally, we present a uniform random sampler for the Hadamard product. We highlight our algorithms through this thesis with examples and experimental results, illustrating the efficiency of our methods
Pathmanathan, S. "The poisson process in quantum stochastic calculus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249564.
Full text