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1
Mikulová, Michaela. "Konstrukce portálové frézky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229670.
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This master´s thesis deals with gantry – type milling machines. At first gantry – type milling machines are divided according to their structure. Then basic parts of an upper gantry – type milling machine are described. This machine is designed in a calculation part of this thesis. A calculation of a cutting force, a calculation of a needed moment of a drive of a spindle and a feed screw for axis x, y, z, a design of a belt drive between the spindle and the drive are done in the calculation part. Then the model of this upper gantry – type milling machines is made. Drawings are created for some parts of this machine.
2
Chu, N. "Wave force calculation with consideration of viscous effects." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382261.
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McFee, James Stephan. "Accurate and consistent force calculation for finite element magnetics." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74312.
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Today, three net magnetostatic loading force formulations are commonly used for finite-element-based electromagnetic and electromechanical computer-aided analysis and design, but none seems sufficient to calculate reliable results at a reasonable cost without expert user interaction. A new, fully automatic, field-error tuned force method is presented. The formulation is based on a volume integration of the computed fields over the entire free space region enveloping the body under force. Numerical tests indicate that the new method is significantly more accurate and consistent than the other methods currently available at a comparable cost.<br>In addition, three important benchmark force problems are introduced; many of the computational difficulties inherent to the currently available force methods are explained; and a new restructuring of the relationships between the different force formulas is provided.
4
Elibiary, Khalid. "Utilization of force feedback for A poultry cutting application." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17849.
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Li, Min 1977 Apr 2. "Continuum design sensitivity analysis based force calculation in EM devices." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111523.
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The continuum design sensitivity analysis (CDSA) has been applied to the magnetostatic and electrostatic force calculation. This method allows the computation of the net loading force on a body as well as the force distribution on the surface of the body. An algorithm for force calculation combined with a standard field analysis software package is presented. The efficiency and accuracy of the method is proved through the numerical implementation applied to a set of test examples. In addition, the new approach has several advantages over the traditional methods based on the Maxwell Stress Tensor, such as no air gap or artificial interference with the original model is required. Particularly, the performance analysis of a MEMS micro-mirror using CDSA torque calculation is conducted for the first time.
6
Su, Ning. "Cutting force modeling and optimization in 3D plane surface machining." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39890.pdf.
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Lazoğlu, İsmail. "Analysis of force system in ball-end milling." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16022.
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Newby, Glynn. "Empirical analysis of cutting force constants in micro end milling operations." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-05202005-082651/.
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Song, Wenge. "Development of predictive force models for classical orthogonal and oblique cutting and turning operations incorporating tool flank wear effects." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16239/.
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Classical orthogonal and oblique cutting are the fundamental material removal or machining processes to which other practical machining processes can be related in the study and modelling of the machining processes. In the last century, a large amount of research and development work has been done to study and understand the various machining processes with a view to improving the processes for further economic (cost and productivity) gains. However, many aspects of the cutting processes and cutting performance remains to be fully understood in order to increase the cutting capability and optimize the cutting processes; in particular, there is little study to understand the effects of the inevitable tool wear on the machining processes. This thesis includes an extensive literature review on the mechanics of cutting analysis. Considerable work has been carried out in past decades on the fundamental analysis of 'sharp' tool cutting. Although some work has been reported on the effects of tool flank wear on the cutting performance, there is a general lack of the fundamental study of the effects of the flank wear on the basic cutting or chip formation process. It has been well documented that tool flank wear results in an increase in the cutting forces. However, it was not known if this force increase is a result of the change in the chip formation process, and/or the rubbing or ploughing forces between the tool flank and the workpiece. In work carried out since the early 1980s, the effects of the so-called edge forces have been considered when the tool is not absolutely sharp. Little has been reported to further develop fundamental cutting theories to understand applications to more relevant the practical situation, i.e. to consider the tool wear effects. Based on the findings of the literature review, an experimental investigation is presented in the first part of the thesis to study the effects of tool flank wear on the basic cutting or chip formation process by examining the basic cutting variables and performance in the orthogonal cutting process with tool flank wear. The effects of tool flank wear on the basic cutting variables are discussed by a comprehensive analysis of the experimental data. It has been found that tool flank wear does not affect the basic cutting variables (i.e. shear angle, friction angle and shear stress). It is therefore deduced that the flank wear does not affect the basic chip formation process in the shear zone and in the tool-chip interface. The study also finds that tool flank wear causes an increase in the total cutting forces, as can be expected and such an increase is entirely a result of the rubbing or ploughing forces on the tool wearland. The significance of this finding is that the well-developed machining theories for 'sharp' tools can be used in modelling the machining processes when tool flank wear is present, rather than study the machining process and develop machining theories from scratch. The ploughing forces can be modelled for incorporation into the overall cutting force prediction. The experimental study also allows for the forces on the wearland (or wearland force) and edge forces to be separated from the total measured forces. The wearland force and edge force models are developed in empirical form for force prediction purpose. In addition, a database for the basic cutting variables or quantities is established for use in modelling the cutting forces. The orthogonal cutting force model allowing for the effects of flank wear is developed and verified by the experimental data. A comprehensive analysis of the mechanics of cutting in the oblique cutting process is then carried out. Based on this analysis, predictive cutting force models for oblique cutting allowing for the effects of flank wear are proposed. The wearland force and edge force are re-considered by analysing the oblique cutting process and the geometrical relation. The predictive force models are qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by oblique cutting tests. It shows that the model predictions are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The modelling approach is then used to develop the cutting force models for a more general machining process, turning operation. By using the concept of an equivalent cutting edge, the tool nose radius is allowed for under both orthogonal and oblique cutting conditions. The wearland forces and edge forces are taken into consideration by the integration of elemental forces on the tool flank and the cutting edge, respectively. The cutting forces in turning operations are successfully predicted by using the basic cutting quantity database established in the orthogonal cutting analysis. The models are verified by turning operation tests. It shows that the model predictions are in excellent agreement with the experimental results both qualitatively and quantitatively. The major findings, research impacts and practical implications of the research are finally highlighted in the conclusion. The modelling approach considering the flank wear effects in the classical orthogonal and oblique cutting and turning operations can be readily extended to other machining operations, such as drilling and milling.
10
Razavi, Seyed Mostafa. "CROSS-PLATFORM FORCE FIELD DEVELOPMENT BASED ON FORCE-SMOOTHED POTENTIAL MODELS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1590770530909963.
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Kummer, Michal. "Výroba ohýbaného profilu sdruženým nástrojem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229698.
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This diploma thesis describes the creation of the technological process for shelf clutch production. The shelf clutch will be made of material 11 321 by cutting and bending technologies. The first part of thesis includes the theoretical description of cutting and bending technologies. The second part contains calculations and design proposal of final combined cutting and bending tool and also selection of pressing machine. The thesis contains the unit block layout of the combined cutting and bending tool and detailed drawings of cutting and bending parts of the tool. The shelf clutch drawing is included too.
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Andersson, Gustav. "Handling-Force Software : Calculation software for tailgate and bonnet in concept stages." Thesis, -, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-72655.
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Abstract This report focuses on the creation of a software to calculate handling forces of bonnet and tailgate. The handling force is the force required by a user to open or close a tailgate. It is a bachelor thesis conducted for Karlstad’s university. The work is conducted at CEVT in Gothenburg, the software will be used to improve workflow in early design phases. The resulting software from this project is easy to use and shows good resemblance to the reference values, which is old calculations done by a manufacturer. Comparing to manufacturer calculation the software shows only small deviations in results. The software is deemed to be an asset in the development work at CEVT. The software is also easy to use and have been tested by employees, whom could operate the software easily without instructions. It is based on regular equilibrium equations and the software structure is logical and easy to follow, to make it simple to maintain and develop the software if the need would arise. The finished software calculates single pivot hinges and four bar mechanism-based hinges equipped with gas springs. It also has the possibility to work with tailgate and bonnet simultaneously to keep one project in one file. The work has focused on, creating the software, user interfaces and kinematics/kinetics of different types of hinges, with support from both literature and reports. This led to a software built in Microsoft Excel, which was chosen due to its standard features for graphical display of data. Building the software in Excel also makes it accessible to all employees who wishes to use it. The conclusion is that the software could in extension lead to higher quality on finished products by allowing more tested configurations and continuous changes during the design process.<br>Sammanfattning Denna rapport behandlar utveckling av mjukvara för att beräkna hanteringskrafter. Hanteringskrafter är de krafter som krävs av användaren för att operera motorhuv och baklucka. Projektet är genomfört som ett examensarbete på Karlstads universitet. Arbetet utförs hos CEVT i Göteborg, där resultatet av arbetet kommer användas för att förbättra designprocessen i tidiga stadier. Den slutgiltiga mjukvaran är enkel att använda och uppvisar resultat som ligger nära referensvärdena, som är gamla beräkningar gjorda av en tillverkare. Endast mindre avvikelser finns mellan beräkningarna. Mjukvaran bedöms vara en tillgång I designarbetet hos CEVT. Mjukvaran är också enkel att använda och har testats av de anställda som kunde använda mjukvaran utan instruktioner. Den är baserad på vanliga jämnviktsekvationer, medan strukturen i programmet är enkel att följa och förstå, detta för att göra det enkelt att underhålla och utveckla om behovet uppstår. Den slutgiltiga mjukvaran beräknar vanliga gångjärn och gångjärn baserade på fyrledsmekanismer utrustade med gasfjädrar. Mjukvaran ger också möjlighet att jobba med både motorhuv och baklucka samtidigt för att kunna hålla ett projekt inom en fil. Arbetets fokus har legat på att, skapa mjukvaran, användargränssnitt och kinematik/kinetik hos olika typer av gångjärn, med stöd inom både litteratur och rapporter. Detta resulterade i en mjukvara byggd i Microsoft Excel, som valdes på grund av dess funktioner för att grafiskt representera data. Att skapa mjukvaran i Excel innebar också att alla på företaget kan använda mjukvaran. Slutsatsen är att mjukvaran skapar en möjlighet att höja kvalitén på färdiga produkter genom att möjliggöra fler testade konfigurationer och kontinuerliga förändringar under designprocessen.
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Dunwoody, Keith. "Automated identification of cutting force coefficients and tool dynamics on CNC machines." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23240.
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The complexity and variation of parts are continuously increasing due to
technologically oriented consumers. The objective of present manufacturing
industry is to increase the quality while decreasing the machining costs.
This thesis presents a smart machining strategy which allows the automated
prediction of chatter-free cutting conditions using sensors integrated
to Computer
Numerical Controlled (CNC) machine tools.
The prediction of vibration free spindle speeds and depth of cuts require to
have material's cutting force coefficient and frequency response function (FRF)
of the machine at its tool tip.
The cutting force coefficients are estimated from the cutting force measurements
collected through dynamometers in laboratory environment. The thesis presents an
alternative identification of tangential cutting force coefficient from average
spindle power signals which are readily available on machine tools. When tangential,
radial and axial cutting force coefficients are needed, the forces need to be
collected by piezoelectric sensors embedded to mechanical structures. The structural
dynamics of sensor housings distort the force measurements at high spindle speeds.
A Kalman filter is designed to compensate the structural modes of the sensor
assembly when the spindle speed and its harmonics resonate one of the modes the
measuring system.
The FRF of the system is measured by a computer controlled impact modal test unit
which is integrated to CNC. The impact head is instrumented with a piezo force sensor,
and the vibrations are measured with a capacitive displacement sensor. The spring
loaded impact head is released by a DC solenoid controlled by the computer.
The impact force and resulting tool vibrations are recorded in real time, and
the FRF is estimated automatically.
The measured FRF and cutting force coefficient estimated from the spindle power
are later used to predict the chatter free depth of cuts and spindle speeds.
The machine integrated, smart machining system allows the operator to automatically
select the chatter-free cutting conditions,
leading to improved quality and productivity.
14
Wang, Zhe. "The Correlation between the Penetration Force of Cutting Fluid and Machining Stability." Digital WPI, 2010. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/779.
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The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the correlation between the penetration force of cutting fluids and machining stability. General studies are made to understand the classification of cutting fluids based on their chemical compositions. It is summarized why the proper selection of cutting fluid for different machining processes is important. The role of cutting fluids in machining process is documented as well as other related issues such as delivery methods, storage, recycling, disposal and failure modes. The uniqueness of this thesis is that it constructs a new mathematical model that would help to explain and quantify the influence of the penetration force of cutting fluid on machining stability. The basic principles of milling process, especially for thin wall machining are reviewed for building the mathematical model. The governing equations of the mathematical model are derived and solved analytically. The derived solutions are used to construct the stability charts. The results show that there is a direct correlation between the machining stability and the changes of the penetration force of the cutting fluid. It is shown that the machining stability region is narrowed as the penetration force of the cutting fluid increases while other machining variables are assumed to be constant. This narrowness of the stability region is more obvious at spindle speed over 6000 rpm.
15
Garza, Claudia. "Investigation of an optical sensor for cutting force measurement through chromatic modulation." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539472.
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Bao, Wei-yu. "Tool cutting force modeling and wear estimation of micro-end-milling operations." FIU Digital Commons, 1999. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1386.
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The applications of micro-end-milling operations have increased recently. A Micro-End-Milling Operation Guide and Research Tool (MOGART) package has been developed for the study and monitoring of micro-end-milling operations. It includes an analytical cutting force model, neural network based data mapping and forecasting processes, and genetic algorithms based optimization routines. MOGART uses neural networks to estimate tool machinability and forecast tool wear from the experimental cutting force data, and genetic algorithms with the analytical model to monitor tool wear, breakage, run-out, cutting conditions from the cutting force profiles.
The performance of MOGART has been tested on the experimental data of over 800 experimental cases and very good agreement has been observed between the theoretical and experimental results. The MOGART package has been applied to the micro-end-milling operation study of Engineering Prototype Center of Radio Technology Division of Motorola Inc.
17
Shaikh, Matin [Verfasser]. "Prediction of Vibrations & Cutting force of single point cutting tool in turning by using Artificial Neural Network / Matin Shaikh." München : GRIN Verlag, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1176117130/34.
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Malave, Carmen. "Deep hole drilling - Cutting forces and balance of tools." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20696.
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Drilling is a standard process for producing holes in metal materials. With an increased hole depth the demands increase on both machine and tool. Deep hole drilling is a complex process which ischaracterized by a high metal removal rate and hole accuracy. A hole deeper than ten times the diameter can be considered a deep hole which requires a specialized drilling technique. During adeep hole drilling process, the forces generated on the deep hole drill give a rise to a resultant radial force. The resultant radial force pushes the drill in a radial direction during a drilling operation. The radial force direction is of crucial importance in regard of tool guidance, stability and hole size accuracy. This force affects tool performance, reduces tool life and has an impact on the bore surface. Due to the complex nature of deep hole drilling, Sandvik Coromant wishes to get a better understanding of how their current deep hole drilling tools are balanced. The purpose of this study is to conduct a survey of a number of drills of Sandvik Coromant deep hole drill assortment. The main aim of this study is to calculate and measure the resultant radial force generated during a deep hole drilling operation. The forces are calculated with the aid of a calculation program and test-runs on a number of drills. This report presents the calculated magnitude and direction of the resultant radial force duringentrance, full intersection and at the exit of the workpiece. In addition to the measured values of theresultant radial force during entry and full intersection. Four different drill geometries are evaluated which of two are competitor drills. A deep hole drill geometry is re-modified in aspect to drill stability based on the outcome of the measured and calculated results. The results acquired from the performed calculation and measurements of the resultant showed that the resultant radial force acts in an angular direction that was outside the range between the support pads. This true for three of the four evaluated drill geometries. There were minor differences between the measured and calculated forces which enforce the reliability of the used calculation program. The modified drill geometry of a deep hole drill gave an indication of which geometry variables have impact on the resultant radial force magnitude and angular direction. The data presented in this report can be a base for future development of a deep hole drill toolgeometry in regard to the resultant radial force. Variables affecting the calculated results and theresultant radial force are presented and discussed. The study is concluded with suggestions of futurework based on the acquired data.
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Becze, Charles Edward Elbestawi M. A. "A thermo-mechanical force model for machining hardened steel /." *McMaster only, 2002.
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Sadek, Hassan Ramadan Mohammed. "The adaptive control of tool force during roughing operations in continuous metal cutting." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358361.
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Wang, Jiunn-Jyh Junz. "Convolution modeling of milling force system and its application to cutter runout identification." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17318.
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Simonazzi, Mattia. "Misalignment tolerant model and force calculation in a resonator array for inductive power transfer." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18981/.
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In this work, an inductive power transfer (IPT) system composed of an array of multiple magnetically coupled resonant inductors (cells) has been considered, allowing the transmission distance to be increased or the misalignment between the emitter and receiver coils to be considered. The analysis of the arrays can be carried out with the theory of magnetoinductive waves (MIW) or with circuit theory; the latter approach has been followed. The impedance matrix of the resonator array has been modelled for different receiver shapes and dimensions. Moreover, it has been expressed as a function of the space improving the accuracy of the model. The model has been exploited to calculate all the currents and voltages of the system. In first approximation, only the displacement in the MIW propagation direction has been considered, whereas the contribution of the receiver is expressed as a defect and becomes a function of the space as the mutual inductances between the circuits vary according to the receiver position. The self- and mutual inductance coefficients have been evaluated for each circuit of the system by applying the partial inductance method, whose formulas have been implemented in Matlab environment. These results have been validated by means of magnetostatic FEM analysis of the system using a commercial software. Experimental measurements on a prototype of a 1-D resonator array have been performed, confirming the calculated values of the currents and as a consequence, of the mutual inductances. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the calculation of the mechanical forces of electromagnetic origin experienced by the receiver over the array, as a result of the interaction between the whole magnetic field - generated by all the array cells - and the current circulating in the receiver. These forces have been theoretically discussed first, with a subsequent implementation of the calculation in Matlab environment and analysis of the obtained results.
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Gadalla, Mohamed Abd ElMonein. "Improving the accuracy of parametric surfaces using cutting force synthesis and surface offset techniques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0004/NQ32307.pdf.
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Jiao, Feifei. "Investigation on micro-cutting mechanics with application to micro-milling." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12066.
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Nowadays technology development places increasing demands on miniature and micro components and products, and micro-milling is one of the most flexible machining processes in manufacturing 3D structures and complex structured surfaces. A thorough and scientific understanding on fundamentals of the micro-milling process is essential for applying it in an industrial scale. Therefore, in-depth scientific understanding of the micro-cutting mechanics is critical, particularly on size effect, minimum chip thickness, chip formation, tool wear and cutting temperature, etc. so as to fulfil the gap between fundamentals and industrial scale applications. Therefore, three key fundamental research topics are determined for this research, and a comprehensive study on those topics is conducted by means of modeling, simulation, experiments. The topics include chip formation process in micro-milling, novel cutting force modeling in multiscale and study on the tool wear and process monitoring. The investigation into chip formation process in micro-milling consists of three stages; the micro-cutting process is firstly simulated by means of FEA with a primary focus on finding the minimum chip thickness for different tool/material pair and explaining the size effect; the simulation results are then validated by conducting micro-cutting experiment on the ultra-precision lathe. Experiments are carried out on aluminium 6082-T6 with both natural diamond and tungsten carbide tool. By knowing the minimum chip thickness for different tool/material pair, the chip formation process is investigated by performing comparative study by using the diamond and tungsten carbide micro-milling tools. As the minimum chip thickness for diamond micro-milling tool is smaller than that for tungsten carbide tool compared to nominal chip thickness, MCT is ignored in diamond micro-milling. Thus the comparative study is conducted by utilizing both tools with perfectly sharpened cutting edge and tools with the rounded cutting edge in micro-milling. The chips are inspected and associated with cutting force variations in the micro-milling process. The findings are further consolidated by comparing with research results by other researchers. The cutting force modeling is developed in three different aspects, e.g. cutting force on the unit length or area and cutting force on the unit volume in order to better understand the micro-cutting mechanics in aspects of size effect, tool wear mechanism and the cutting energy consumption. The mathematical modeling firstly starts with a novel instantaneous chip thickness algorithm, in which the instantaneous chip thickness is computed by taking account of the change of tool geometry brought about by the tool runout; then the collected cutting forces are utilized to calibrate the model coefficients. For accurate measurement on cutting forces, the Kalman Filter technique is employed to compensate the distortion of the measured cutting force. Model calibration is implemented using least-square method. The proposed cutting force model is then applied in micro-milling to represent the conditions of tool wear and the cutting energy consumption. Further study on the surface generation simulation is based on force model and its comparison with the machined surface is also performed. Cutting experiments using the new tungsten carbide tool are carried out and the tool wear is monitored offline at different machining stages. The dominant tool wear types are characterised. Tool wear is investigated by mainly analysing cutting force at different tool wear status. Frequency analysis by Fourier Transform and Wavelet Transform are carried out on the force signals, and features closely related to the tool wear status are identified and extracted. The potential of applying these features to monitoring the tool wear process is then discussed. Experimental studies to machine the structured surface and nano-metric level surface roughness are presented, the machining efficiency, dimensional accuracy and tool-path strategies are optimised so as to achieve the desired outcomes. Moreover, investigation on cutting temperature in micro-cutting is also studied to some extent by means of simulation; the influence of cutting edge radius on cutting temperature is particularly investigated. Investigation on above aspects provides systematic exploration into the micro-milling process and can contribute substantially to future micro-milling applications.
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Vančura, Tomáš. "Silové zatížení řezných nástrojů při obrábění." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417517.
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The theoretical part of the diploma thesis summarizes a knowledge of the force loading of the cutting tools and state of the art in the cutting force measurement. In the experimental part, work deals with the development of the software for a force records analysis. The main objective of the software is to automatise the processing and analysis of the measured force records. The functionality of the newly created software was verified by evaluating the circle-segment end mills experiments performed at the Institute of Manufacturing Technology of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, BUT.
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Berhane, Mulugeta. "Optimization of cutting parameters in machining of Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI)." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-41280.
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Compacted Graphite Iron offers mechanical properties in between of gray cast iron and ductile iron. Thus,the material is seen as a hopeful alternative for engine cylinder blocks and heads satisfying environmentaland performance objectives. Nevertheless, CGI is more difficult to machine than conventional gray castiron due to the presence of MnS and thin wall section of probing high strength. This problem of CGI thenled to the initiation of large Optima Sweden project to study machinability and optimization of related toCGI.The thesis is centered on a study of tool life, cutting force and MRR with regards to machining parametersmainly feed rate and cutting speed for CGI milling. Tool life is measured; flank-wear is observed andcompared between several combinations of cutting parameters.Similarly cutting forces were measured using LMS software for full factorial design experiments. Extensivemachining experiments were carried out. Machining tests was done based on Design of Experiment (DoE)for high cutting data and lower data are performed separately. Comparison is made for tool life and cuttingforces. After data collection, analysis of tool life and force has been followed. Once the data is analyzedand checked its consistency. An approximate model is developed using MODDE software. Further, multiobjective optimization of tool life and Material removal rate (MRR) using cutting parameters mainly feedrate and cutting speed are investigated. Working on optimal parameters will allow for CGI is to becompetitive in manufacturing with gray CI, aluminum alloy, magnesium.Keywords: Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI), face milling, tool life, MRR, optimization, cutting force
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Uner, Gorkem. "Development Of A Material Cutting Model For Haptic Rendering Applications." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609185/index.pdf.
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Haptic devices and haptic rendering is an important topic in the burgeoning field of
virtual reality applications. In this thesis, I describe the design and implementation of
a cutting force model integrating a haptic device, the PHANToM, with a high &ndash<br>powered computer. My goal was to build a six degree &ndash<br>of &ndash<br>freedom force model to
allow user to interact with three &ndash<br>dimensional deformable objects. Methods for
haptic rendering including graphical rendering, collision detection and force
feedback are illustrated, implementation of haptic rendering system is introduced,
and application is evaluated to explore the effectiveness of the system.
28
Cardi, Adam A. "On the development of a dynamic cutting force model with application to regenerative chatter in turning." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28152.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Co-Chair: Bement, Matt; Committee Co-Chair: Liang, Steven; Committee Member: Griffin, Paul; Committee Member: Mayor, Rhett; Committee Member: Melkote, Shreyes; Committee Member: Zhou, Chen.
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Švec, Michal. "Silové zatížení frézovacích nástrojů při obrábění." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417539.
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This thesis compares the force load of two kinds of cutting tool inserts while milling. The thesis is devided into two main parts – research and experiment. The research part is focused on the theory of the force load measuring, cutting tools and cutting tool inserts and their coating. 14 grooves were made with each cutting insert while the force load was measured. Constant cutting conditions were applied. The experiment was repeated four times for each kind of cutting insert. The aim of the thesis is to determine if both kinds of inserts mill with the same force load. The results reveal that one kind of cutting tool inserts mill with the force load higher up to 85 %.
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Fey, Natalie. "Molecular modelling of ferrocenes and arylphosphines." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368982.
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社本, 英二, Eiji SHAMOTO, 励. 樋野 та ін. "切削力モデルに基づくエンドミル加工状態の知的認識 (データベースを必要としない手法の開発)". 日本機械学会, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9006.
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Ben, Salem Wacef. "Etude de l'usinage assisté par laser de l'acier XC42 trempé et le l'iconel 718 vieilli." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0457.
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Le présent travail concerne l'étude de l'usinage assisté par laser de l'acier XC42 trempé par induction et l'Uconel 718 vieilli. Dans cette étude, le faisceau laser est employé uniquement comme assistance à l'usinage de ces matériaux sur un tour d'usinage convetionnel. Différents paramètres intervenant lors de l'interaction laser-matière ont été présentés. En ce qui concerne le matériau, la connaissance de l'absorbtivité et des paramètres thermiques en fonction de la température est essentielle pour évaluer le cycle thermique. Du point de vue de la source laser, la densité surfacique de puissance est le paramètre qui a le plus d'incidence sur l'interaction. La partie expérimentale est consacrée à la recherche de l'optimisation des paramètre du faisceau laser (densité surfacique) pour des conditions de coupe données. Ceci a été réalisé de telle manière que la zone affectée thermiquement soit évacuée par le copeau. Dans ces conditions l'apport d'énergie dû au faiseau laser perment d'améliorer substatiellement la qualité de la surface usinée dont la rugosité rapproche dans certains cas de la valeur théorique. Ceci est obtenu essentiellement grâce à la diminution des efforts de coupe et des vibrations nuisibles. De plus l'assistance à l'usinage par le faisceau laser permet d'accroître l'usinabilité des métaux durs. Nous avons également observé que l'apport d'énergie dû au faisceau laser joue le rôle d' un brise-copeau en fragilisant celui-ci.
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Rontala, Raghunathan Ravi Shankar. "In Vitro Measurement and Calculation of Drag Force on Aortic Stentgraft in a Compliant Arterial Wall Model." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1163703097.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.<br>Advisor: Dr. Rupak K Banerjee. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed May 19, 2008). Includes abstract. Keywords: Abdominal aortic aneursym, drag force, stentgraft. Includes bibliographical references.
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Wei, Hung-Chi, and 魏宏棋. "Investigation of Cutting Force and Cutting Force Coefficient of Milling with the application of neural." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h76gny.
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碩士<br>國立勤益科技大學<br>機械工程系<br>105<br>Processing plant that re-processing workpiece with processing parameters set, often need to rely on a high experienced engineer to set. When the chatter occurred during processing, the engineer is also based on experience to change the rotational speed to solve the problem of chatter. To solve the chatter problem, Stability Lobe Diagram is required to know the machine limit cutting depth. Currently, cutting force and cutting Stability Lobes Diagram prediction is found by the Canadian Professor Altintas, developed a set of CUTPRO cutting force analysis software, can easily predict the cutting force, cutting force coefficient and cutting stable earlobe, but the software comes with a very high cost.Therefore, this paper studies the industry for the commonly used milling materials such as aluminum alloy AL6061 and medium carbon steel S45C. During machining experiment, different tool diameter, rotational speed, cutting depth and feed rate is applied, the cutting force is then captured by the dynamometer and filtered to import to MATLAB to evaluate the cutting force. Through the minimum error between the theoretical value and the experimental value, the least squares method can be used to obtain a more accurate cutting force coefficient. The cutting force and the cutting force coefficient are analyzed and established as a database. The database is then applied with neural network to predict the processing parameters corresponding to the cutting force and cutting force coefficient, the relative error between the predicted value and the experimental value is about 10%.Finally, the evaluated cutting force coefficient with the dynamic impact test, is then substituted into formula to form a cutting stability lobe diagram. The stability lobe diagram shows the limit cutting depth and rotational speed, so that chatter will not produce during machining process, high surface quality and processing efficiency.
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Cheng, Yuan-Ming, and 鄭淵明. "Study of cutting force and cutting dynamics in End Milling." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80333058935549398811.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>機械工程學系<br>88<br>To enhance the machining performance, understanding of the cutting dynamics is one the important key to improve the machining accuracy and efficiency. A better control of the cutting dynamics can efficiently suppress the vibration caused by the interaction of cutting force and structure dynamics, so that the surface roughness of workpiece can be remained within a tight tolerance zone.
In this study, both theoretical and experimental work has been done. In the theoretical part, first a cutting force model of end milling based on the determination of instant area shear plane is developed; secondly a scheme to identify the parameters of machine structure, which will finally form a second order transfer function for the structure dynamics analysis is also proposed. Finally, implementing the cutting force model and machine tool structure to form a close loop system, a computer aided end analysis system for milling process is built. Through the reliable simulation, the system can help user selecting the optimal cutting parameters for better efficiency and cutting results.
In order to verify the proposed cutting force model and computer aided analysis system, experiments in machine structure test and cutting for Fe, Al and Ti6Al4V are performed. The experiment results reliably agree with the simulation analysis.
In the last, a pre-study for cutting chatter suppression is also included in this thesis. The eigen-structure algorithm was investigated, and implemented in the simulation of vibration suppression.
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Nguyen, Nhu-Tung, and 阮如松. "Cutting Force Modeling and Investigation of Cutting Force Coefficients in Three-axis Flat-end Milling Processes." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a25uk9.
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博士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>機械與精密工程研究所<br>103<br>Milling is not only the most common processes in machining, but also is very popularly employed in computer numerical control (CNC) machines for metal material removal operations. Reliable quantitative prediction of cutting force coefficients and cutting forces in milling is very important to predict machining characteristics such as the power and torque requirements, machine tool vibrations, surface quality, geometrical accuracy, and stability, and so on, and to develop the machining processes.
In this dissertation, a linear model of average cutting force and feed per flute was developed in which the cutter’s helix angle is incorporated to calculate the cutting force coefficients for the milling process. By the developed mathematical model, with the appropriate stable cutting conditions, the cutting force coefficient model was formulated by a function of average cutting force and cutter geometry such as cutter diameter, number of flutes, cutter’s helix angle.
The speciality, different to some previous studies, of the proposed formulation to calculate the cutting force coefficients in flat-end milling were built with the effect of cutter’s helix angle. On the effect of cutter’s helix angle, all derivations of cutting forces are directly based on the tangential, radial, and axial cutting force components. The cutter’s helix angle played a significant factor for determination of cutting force coefficients. So, when building the model to calculate the cutting force coefficients, the cutter’s helix angle should be considered.
This cutting force coefficient model was applied for several pairs of tool and workpiece at the appropriate stable cutting conditions with several cutting types. The linear model of average cutting force and feed per flute was successfully verified experimentally with very promising results.
By performing the milling tests at the appropriate stable cutting conditions, all six cutting force coefficients were determined from experimental data. The optimum values of cutting force coefficients were evaluated and selected through the comparisons of predicted and measured forces.
An experimental method to determine the stable cutting condition was proposed. By this method, the chatter could be prevented, and the effect of vibration and other factors related to the accuracy in calculating cutting force coefficients was reduced in the milling process. This method can be applied for other machine-tool-workpiece systems in investigation of cutting force coefficients in milling processes.
The dynamic structure of machine tool was determined by using CUTPROTM software through experiments. The obtained dynamic structure data were used to develop the force model in calculating dynamic cutting force. The predicted results from developed model agree satisfactorily with experimental results.
The developed model was then successfully applied to predict the cutting forces and other machining characteristics such as machine tool vibration, spindle power, spindle torque, tool deflection, and so on. Besides, the integrated application with a virtual three-axis milling machining simulation system has also been implemented to demonstrate potential utilization of this research showing very promising potential. The investigated results can be applied in the usages of machine tool in industrial manufacturing.
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Chang, Yen-Sheng, and 張盛喭. "Investigation of Cutting Force and Cutting Force Coefficient for Rake Angle of Cutter in Milling Process." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46520238664421101337.
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碩士<br>國立勤益科技大學<br>機械工程系<br>103<br>Milling is one of the most common activities in the machining process for die and mold, aeronautical, aerospace, and biomedical products. The cutting forces affect the quality and the precision of the final component; therefore, the ability to accurately predict the cutting forces in the milling process is crucial for effective machining process design, including the choice of optimal process parameters, tooling, and fixtures. A correct estimation of such forces helps avoid quality problems related to tool deflection, chatter, or fixture misuse, while improving productivity and workpiece surface quality. In this paper, we present a prediction method for the milling cutting force and cutting coefficient for Aluminum 6060-T6, steel (S45C), gray cast iron and stainless steel (304). We introduce two cutting force prediction methods, including the Altintas method and the recursive least square (RLS) method, and then compare the results to the experimental cutting forces. In addition, the influence of the feed per tooth and the tool diameter on the cutting force and cutting force coefficient is investigated. Once the accurate cutting force coefficients are obtained, the cutting parameters, including the friction angle and shear stress, are estimated using the oblique cutting theory.
The results show that the simulated forces obtained from the RLS method are in good agreement with the experimental forces. Conversely, the peak and valley forces simulated by the Altintas method do not match the experimental forces. An increase in the feed per tooth is shown to increase the cutting force and reduce the cutting coefficient for shearing forces in tangential directions. Varying the tool diameter does not markedly change the magnitude of the cutting force. Further, the shear stress involved in the model is found to be close to the shear strength of the material. This means that the proposed method can also be used as an alternative means to obtain the yield strength of materials. Finally, the precision cutting force coefficient with frequency response functions obtained from the hitting test, steady constructivism cutting lobe diagram and verification. After a systematic and more accurate method of identifying collected after cutting force coefficients can build huge data repository, providing domestic manufacturers to cut production and drawing software CUTPRO steady lobe diagram, and then developed a more efficient, high-precision machine tool, in order to reduce production costs and increase market competitiveness.
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Toutant, Roger P. "Cutting force adaptive control for turning." 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/16933.
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Chiou, Ya-Lin, and 邱雅琳. "Identification of Cutting Dynamic Characteristic Systems for Constant Cutting Force Control." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zn83vn.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>機械工程學研究所<br>105<br>During past decades the techniques of computer numerical control (CNC) machining centers has grown tremendously and their applications has expanded rapidly. Traditionally the operating parameters such as spindle speed or feed rate are prescribed conservatively by experienced technicians in order to protect the cutting tool or the machine. As a result, many processes run under inefficient operating conditions. For this reason, using adaptive constant cutting force control with adjustable feed rate can improve efficiency.
Although there are already many researches for adaptive cutting force control, their methods of establishing dynamic systems are complicated and seldom take actual cutting dynamic characteristics of cutting process. The purpose of this study is to identifying cutting dynamics with consideration of actual cutting dynamic characteristics during cutting process in a simple way. Besides, most researches use dynamometer to measure cutting force, but dynamometer is expensive and limiting the working space. This study will use spindle current instead of cutting forces from dynamometer as input signals.
In this study, we establishes cutting dynamic characteristic system by using sweep experiment. By using system identification with spindle current data to get a transfer function of system, we can design a proper controller based on this transfer function and verify the feasibility of constant cutting force control with spindle current.
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Yang, Li-Ting, and 楊立婷. "Analysis of Cutting Force and AE Signals for Cutting Performance in Mechanical Cutting of Ceramics." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jx8dg6.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>機械工程學系所<br>106<br>With the continuous development of new technology to improve the product quality, brittle materials such as single crystal silicon, glass, ceramics, and sapphire draw much more attentions lately for component design. However, lack of efficiency in the manufacturing of ceramics limits its application. Therefore, the development of new manufacturing method with machining efficiency higher than grinding will play a very important role to reduce the cost and extend its applications. In this study, experiments are design to analyze the machinability of Zirconium Oxide, Aluminum Oxide, and Silicon Carbide, and the relationship between the chip formation mode and acoustic emission (AE) signal generated from the machining process. To simulate the orthogonal cutting for the fundamental analysis of chip formation of three materials, planning process was conducted on a research platform with the same cutting speed and various depth of cut. During the process, the cutting force, vibration, and the AE signals were collected simultaneously to study the relationship between cutting mode and signals. A high speed camera is also installed to monitor the cutting condition. After the machining, the chip was collected to confirm the chip form by SEM and the surface condition was investigated by white light interferometer. The results show that different machinability for three materials can be observed. The ductile mode and the transition to the brittle mode machining can be observed for the machining of Zirconium Oxide and Silicon Carbide in this study, but only brittle chip can be observed in the machining of Aluminum Oxide. Considering the critical depth of cut for both materials with ductile mode machining, Zirconium Oxide demonstrates the higher value than Silicon Carbide. In the study of the relationship between the acoustic emission signal and cutting mode, the distribution change can be observed when the cutting mode changes from ductile mode to brittle mode. The higher value of the high frequency to low frequency energy ratio can be observed for both Zirconium Oxide and Silicon Carbide in the brittle mode machining than in the ductile mode machining. Based on the pattern change of the AE frequency domain signal, the capability of applying the AE signal for the cutting mode monitoring can be confirmed.
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Chen, Yi-Wei, and 陳一葳. "Develop Cutting Force of Micro-Via Drilling by Oblique Cutting and Experiment." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70207038279802415832.
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碩士<br>國立高雄第一科技大學<br>機械與自動化工程所<br>92<br>The micro-drill usually breaks in drilling as a result of too great a drilling force; the reason is due to the characteristic of its small diameter and high aspect ratio. This study uses the oblique cutting model and the orthogonal cutting model coupled with the development of a thin shear zone cutting analysis to predict the thrust and torque. Not only the factorial design of experiment is used to investigate the influence of machining parameter to cutting force, but also this study utilizes 24-1 factorial design to arrange the experiment of micro-drill tool geometry and cutting force. The result of experiment comes out a regression equation through “analysis of variance”, “regression analysis” and “residual analysis”. The response surface diagram is used to analyze the impact of factors and interaction of factors to cutting force. Finally, this study optimizes the design of micro-drill tool geometry and verifies the accuracy of this experiment.
According to the result, the thrust and the torque increase with the raise of feed speed if the rotational speed is constant. On the contrary, the thrust and the torque decrease with the raise of the rotational speed if the feed speed is constant. The investigation also shows that the thrust decreases with small point angle, web thickness and large helix angle. However, the torque decreases with large point angle, helix angle and small web thickness. Beside, the interaction of point angle and helix angle affects the torque significantly. The result of this research can reduce the chance of broken micro-drills due to the wrong arrange of machining parameter. It also optimizes the design of micro-drill tool geometry to reduce the production of cutting force.
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Hsu, Po-Jung, and 許栢融. "Study on Virtual Cutting Test and Integration of Cutting Force Prediction System." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5bq9s9.
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碩士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>機械與精密工程研究所<br>103<br>In recent years, various advanced industrialized countries have put forward different manufacturing industry policy, such as Manufacturing Reindustrialization proposed by the US and industrial 4.0 proposed by Germany, have shown the core policy of manufacturing industry of advanced countries. Machine tools play an important role in manufacturing, by value-added through machine tools to enhance efficiency and productivity, and allow users to have a more humane working environment. And cutting force prediction is one of the important factors in the quality enhancement of machining.
In this study, CUTPRO® software was used for conducting virtual milling test to get cutting forces. Then Excel was used to analyze cutting force data to obtain the average cutting force, and linear function fitting was used. Then the cutting force coefficients formula model was established in MATLAB ®to calculate the cutting force coefficients for a cutter material and a workpiece material. Finally, the cutting force coefficients were integrated into cutting force prediction system. The developed the system can be used in indusitry for the prediction of cutting forces.
By using the developed method, in this paper, several sets of cutter and workpiece material of cutting force coefficients originally obtained through experiment can be related by virtual cutting test to save time, material costs and labor costs required for the experiment. And integration to developed cutting force prediction system from our team can facilitate users to have more processing aids information to improve processing-assistance and machining quality.
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Lu, Kun-Xian, and 呂坤憲. "Cutting Force and Dimensional Error Prediction Models for General End Mill Cutting." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6auxgb.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>製造科技研究所<br>96<br>End milling cutter widely used in many kinds of machining, especially for die and mould cutting, is one of the most important cutting tools. Besides flat end mill, many other types of end milling cutter, such as ball end mill, bull end mill and tapered ball end mill etc., are being used indispensably for a variety of part machining.
In the past, papers regarding end mill cutting forces, flat end mill cutter are much more than the other ones. In this paper, a mechanistic cutting force prediction model for general end milling cutter is presented for predicting end milling forces acted on the cutter during machining. This model is based on chip load, cut geometry, and the relationship between cutting forces and chip load. At first, we formulate the helical cutting edges geometry of a general end milling cutter. Secondly, we describe how the parameters of specific cutting force and their fitted functions were being constructed based on experimentally obtained average cutting forces. Thirdly, to calculate the cutting force by a computer program(in Matlab language) and show relationships between cutting force, end milling conditions and rotation of the cutter by figures. Finally, machining experiments are performed on workpieces of 7075-T6 aluminum to verify the ability of present model and predict end milling forces. The model predicted three directional cutting forces (tool axial force, and two lateral forces) are compared with the measured forces. This model for the prediction of end milling forces provides a useful aid for the analysis of machined dimensional accuracy.
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Hsiao, Shun-Te, and 蕭順德. "Study of Cutting Force in End Milling and Cutting Resistance Coefficients Estimation." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49193865621187376420.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>機械工程研究所<br>89<br>Many factors affect cutting force, including geometric shape of cutter, cutting conditions, material of cutter, material of workpicec, dynamics characteristics of machine structure, coolant of cutting. From mathematical model’s prediction, it is known that different material and conditions cause the cutting resistance coefficients. Since the cutting resistance coefficients will affect the cutting force extremely, finding methods for accuracy estimating it is the purpose of the study.
This study proposes two methods to estimate the cutting resistance coefficients for end milling cutter : (1) Assuming the blade is straight first, solve the cutting force, thrust force, and lateral force of each blade element. Average the maximum value of each cutting cycle. Using the linear fitting method, estimate the cutting resistance coefficients under single rotational speed based on the values as the samples. Then, using the polynomial fitting method for formulating the equations of cutting resistance coefficients, which is functioned by rotational speed; (2) According to the concept of instantaneous shear plane area, develop a mathematical model for milling cutter with 3-axial cutting force. By calculating the instantaneous shear plane area for each blade element, a mathematic model is developed and incorporated with measure cutting forces to estimate the cutting resistance coefficients, to effectively execute the estimation, a compute-aided system was developed is this research.
To verify the two proposed methods, experiments on cutting Al6061 and Ti6Al4v were conducted,comparison of the two methods were addressed.
Keywords：End Milling、Cutting Force、Cutting Resistance Coefficients
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LU, CHENG-HAO, and 呂誠澔. "Estimation and calculation of cutting chatter stability in slot milling." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yc7ngm.
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碩士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>模具工程系<br>106<br>Chatter vibration is the relative interaction between the cutting tool and the workpiece under specific cutting conditions which can result in waves on the machined surface. Severely chatter vibration can even harm the machine structure. As the cutting speed gets higher, it is even easier to be observed. Therefore, it is important to understand the cutting machine structure configuration and the cutting parameters to avoid the occurrence.
In this study, the two flute and four flute high speed steel end-mill were applied to slot milling of the CNS 6061 aluminum alloy. The frequency response function (FRF) of the tool point was first obtained by tap test. Both the Average tooth angle and the Fourier series approach were then used to calculate the stability lobe diagram(SLD) by the FRF results. Experiments were finally carried out to verify the accuracy of cutting stability lobe diagram.
Experiment and measurement results show there are three factors affecting the stability lobe diagram, which are natural frequency, elastic constant and damping ratio. The natural frequency affects the density of the stability lobe diagram, while the elastic constant and damping ratio affect the size of the stability lobe diagram. In the case of slotting in this research, the stability lobe diagram calculated by Fourier series approach is more accurate than the Average tooth angle approach. The experimental results are consistent with the calculated SLD results.
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Li, Guo Tian, and 李國田. "The cutting force estimation of CNC machine tools." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03806983708729837171.
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Huang, Chun-Han, and 黃俊翰. "Intelligent Control of Constant Cutting Force in Lathe." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31041405806787889924.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>車輛工程系碩士班<br>92<br>Many vehicular components were manufactured by turning process in the lathe;
such as clutche pads, braking disks, transmission shafts, etc.
The cutting force is variable with respect to the cutting conditions variation in high speed turning process.
If the cutting force is large, the tool will rapidly wear so that the tool life is reduced and increases the cost of the equipment.
If the cutting force is small, the cutting time of the workpiece will increase and the efficiency of the turning process will also reduce.
This work refits an old lathe and develops graphic interface controllers to control it under Windows 2000 operation system,
for evaluating the system control performance.
Since the constant cutting force control is one of choice for improving the tool life and increasing the efficiency of the turning process.
However, the refitted old lathe is a nonlinear and complicated system.
Its mathematical model is difficult to be established or estimated.
Therefore, it is hard to design a model base controller based on traditional control theory for achieving the purpose of the constant force control in turning process.
The intelligent control strategy development has a mode free feature;
it very suits to be employed for controlling nonlinear and complex systems.
Hence, this study proposed three intelligent control strategies: (1) fuzzy controller (FC) , (2) grey-prediction fuzzy controller (GPFC) and (3) self-organizing fuzzy controller (SOFC),
to control individually the nonlinear with complicated refitted old lathe system and evaluates further between their control performances.
Experimental results verified that the grey-prediction fuzzy and the self-organizing fuzzy controllers have better control performance than traditional fuzzy controller alone for the constant cutting force control in turning process;
but the self-organizing fuzzy controller needs more computation consumption in learning process for constant cutting force control for achieving better control performance than traditional fuzzy controller or grey prediction fuzzy controller used.
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Chung-Liang, Tasi, and 蔡忠良. "Study of a cutting force model based on a generalized oblique-cutting geometrical model." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36166797052284283489.
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博士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>機械工程學研究所<br>89<br>A new generalized oblique-cutting geometrical model is presented in this study. Firstly, the three-dimension geometry of cutting tool and chip of a ball-end milling cutter is constructed. Secondly, using the above geometry, the relative relationships among instantaneous undeformed chip thickness, shear deformation zone and chip flow direction can be clearly described by cutting condition and tool’s geometrical angles. Using the former geometrical relationships, the shear-plane projecting model is constructed. The shear plane area and equivalent frictional area on the tool face are calculated accordingly. The cutting energy, including shear energy and frictional energy on the tool face, can be obtained. Finally, the three-dimension cutting forces are derived by the minimum energy method. The factors affecting cutting force, including the instantaneous depth of cut, the angle of feed, the helix angle, instantaneous rotational angle, the number of cutter edge, plowing strength of the tool tip and indentation force, are taken into account through coordinate transformation matrices to obtain cutting forces in Cartesian system.
Because of the common features existing in the geometry model, the cutting model of ball-end milling cutter can be transferred into the flat-end milling cutting model having straight cutting edge at the end of the cutter. Furthermore, the ball-end milling model is simplified to fit for the lathe tool with nose, and the flat-end milling model is simplified to the one without nose. In the same time, based on the force model of single edge model, the cutting force of double cutting edge tool is obtained by superposition of cutting forces of two single cutting edge tools of 180 degrees apart. Similarly, a four cutting edge model is synthesized by two double cutting edge models having 90 degrees difference. By so doing, a three-dimension general model, which is compatible for the ball-end milling cutters, the flat-end milling cutters, lathe tools with nose and lathe tools without nose, is constructed.
Experiments are conducted to verify the developed model. It is found that, not only static cutting force and their variational amplitudes, but also three dimensional relative relationships, the cutting forces are agree fairly well with test results for ball-end milling and flat-end milling. In addition, experimental and computed cutting forces for lathe tools with nose and without nose are very close under different depth of cut.
From the developed model, the cutting forces are influenced by the instantaneous depth of cut, angle of feed, helix angle of the cutting tool and instantaneous rotational angle and vary in sinusoidal wave manner when it is cut in the horizontal direction. There is a phase lead of X direction cutting force over that of Y direction and the Z direction cutting force is influenced by indentation force. The Z direction cutting force is increased with the depth of cut, but the amplitude of its variation is smaller. When it is cut in vertical direction, the Z direction cutting force remains unchanged with time. For the flat-end milling cutter, the Z direction cutting forces is not influenced by indentation force when it is cut in the horizontal direction. For the lathe tool, because the cutting edge is straight and does not rotate, the three-dimension forces have constant values.
Finally, by computer simulation, the effect of helix angle of the ball-end milling cutter and flat-end milling cutter is investigated. When it is cut in horizontal direction with a ball-end milling cutter of zero helix angle, the cutting forces in X, Y and Z direction are periodically varied with the equal amplitude. The increase helix angle results in a high wave followed by a low wave of different distributing angle. But for the flat-end milling cutter, the increase helix angle leads a high wave and a low wave of the same distributing angle in X and Y direction cutting forces, Z direction cutting forces, however, behaves as the zero helix angle of the ball-end milling cutter.
Based on the developed model, it is concluded that not only the true cutting behavior can be more completely described, the three dimensional cutting forces can be more conveniently and accurately predicted as well.
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羅平讚. "The control of constant cutting force and force tracking of X-Y-Table." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48654358122697457389.
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Wu, Ming-Feng, and 吳名峯. "The Study of the Effect of Clamping Force on Cutting Quality for Open-cutting Mode." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7e43g7.
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碩士<br>高苑科技大學<br>機械與自動化工程研究所<br>102<br>The fasteners are often designed to connect components. While the shearing quality of billet affects the appearance of fastener and the cost of product.
In this study, an experimental open-cutting die block is designed according to practical open-cutting mechanism. There are three materials of AISI 1010, 1022 and 1039 tested with factors of inner fillet of cutter, clearance between cutter and cutting die, cutting length of billet, and clamping torque.
The shearing quality of billets are investigated by using Toguchi method, especially, to analyze the effect of cutting-die clamping torque on shearing quality.
It is revealed experimentally that, for AISI 1010 wire, the clamping torque on cutting die is only significant to the maximum shearing force, Fmax. The larger is the clamping torque, the smaller is Fmax. For AISI 1022 wire, the shearing quality is better with small clamping torque, 10kgf-cm. For AISI 1039 wire, the clamping torque on cutting die is not significant to the shearing quality. It is displayed that the clamping torque does not significantly affect the shearing quality for high carbon wire.