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Journal articles on the topic 'Calculation of lifting gear'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ryazanov, S., and M. Reshetnikov. "Calculation of the coordinates of the modified profile of the generating surface of the gear cutting tool." Geometry & Graphics 8, no. 4 (March 4, 2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2021-8-4-35-46.

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Spatial helical gears, worm gears with a cylindrical worm, globoid gears, etc., are widely used in most of modern engineering products [1-3; 37; 42]. Cylindrical worm gears are actively used in the creation of metalworking equipment (push mechanisms of rolling mills, presses, etc.), in lifting and transport machines, in drives and kinematic chains of various machine tool equipment where high kinematic accuracy is required (dividing machine tools, adjustment mechanisms), etc. In a worm gear a cylindrical worm or its cylindrical helical surface can be cut by various technological methods [49-51], but no matter how the shaping of the worm gear elements’ working surfaces is carried out, the worm wheel is cut with a gear cutting tool, whose producing surface coincides with the worm thread’s lateral surface [19; 22; 23]. In this regard, the working surface of the cylindrical worm wheel’s tooth, even with a non-orthogonal arrangement of axes, is an envelope of a one-parameter family of surfaces that gives a linear contact, which presence makes it possible to transfer a large load using a worm gear. For high-quality manufacturing of worm gears, it is necessary to design and manufacture a productive gear cutting tool - an accurate worm cutter, whose shaping (working) surface must be identical to the profiled worm’s shaping (working) surface [24-27; 54]. One of the most important tasks in the implementation of worm gearing is the problem of jamming of the cylindrical worm and the worm wheel’ contacting surfaces. This problem is excluded by relieving the contacting surfaces’ profile along the contact line. Considering that any violations of contacting surfaces’ geometric parameters affect the change in their geometric characteristics, the tasks of accurately determining the adjustment parameters of the technological equipment, used for shaping the worm and worm wheel, enter into in the foreground of the worm gearing elements production. In modern conditions of plant and equipment obsolescence, and in particular, of gear cutting machines used for worm gears manufacture, these machines physical wear, implies an inevitable decrease in the accuracy of their kinematic chains. Therefore, in order to maintain the produced gears’ quality at a sufficiently high level, it is necessary to use deliberate modification of contacting surfaces when calculating the worm gearing’s geometric parameters; such modification reduces the worm gear sensitivity to manufacturing and mounting errors of its elements [28-31].

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2

Wang, Cheng. "The effect of planetary gear/star gear on the transmission efficiency of closed differential double helical gear train." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 21 (May 15, 2020): 4215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220921205.

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The research of transmission efficiency is of great significance for reducing energy consumption and improving the performance of the device. Researchers have done a lot of work on the calculation of transmission efficiency. However, in the present research work, the quantity of planetary gear/star gear is usually not considered and only a planetary gear/star gear is adopted in the gear transmission efficiency. In practice, in order to increase the stiffness and load capacity of gear train, a plurality of planetary gear/star gears is adopted. The closed differential double helical gear train has been widely used in many fields, such as the main reducer of aircraft engine, lifting mechanism, and the power transmission system of marine ships. Therefore, in this paper, the closed differential double helical gear train is taken as the research object and the effect of planetary gear/star gear on the transmission efficiency is analyzed. Firstly, according to the structure of closed differential double helical gear train, related kinematic analysis is given. Secondly, a graph representation is used to characterize the closed differential double helical gear train. According to the theory of virtual power, the power flow direction of closed differential double helical gear train is determined and the value of split power is obtained. According to the input and output values described in graph representation of closed differential double helical gear train, the formula of transmission efficiency is derived and the effects of planetary gear/star gear on transmission efficiency are analyzed. Finally, an illustrative example shows that compared with the theoretical value, the difference considering the effect of planetary gear/star gear on the transmission efficiency of closed differential double helical gear train is two percentage points.

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3

Qian, Bing Feng. "High-Rise Fire Escape Device’s Design and Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 228-229 (April 2011): 853–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.853.

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For the current lack of convenient, reliable and safe lifting of the fire escape equipment, design a device along the rope, using functions with self-locking worm gear structure. Then assess the strength of the contact state and reliability of the structure, use ANSYS to analysis the contact stress and dynamic characteristics. Finally, improve the winch device design to increase the safety factor. The check calculation and experiments showed that the device can be safely hoisting the target.

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4

Zaitsev, Alexander. "Resource Assessment of Spiroid Gears Under Variable Loading Conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015701007.

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The brief analysis of reasons of failure of mechanisms and drives of lifting, construction, and road-building machines based on engagement drives, and worm-gear class drives, represented by contact destructions of active surfaces of cog-wheel cogs resulting in malfunctions, breakages, failures, such as wear and furrows, was carried out. The need to create a method for calculating the wear of spiroids with regard of variable loading mode and time was substantiated. The method developed allows, with regard of real modes of operation of handling machinery, equipment and machines, determine the wear intensity values and calculate the spiroid gear drive resource with regard of duration of action of diving torque values in accordance with the set variable loading schedule for lifting, construction, and road-building machines under the wear intensity of the spiroid wheel cog on values of driving torque on the spiroid gear drive output shaft, obtained from experiments.

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5

Yan, Tao Ping. "The Air Controlled Hydraulic System Design of 3201z-Type Dump Truck Lifting Mechanisms." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 1202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.1202.

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3201Z-type dump truck is modification desiged by EQ3208GJ dump truck chassis which the technical performance parameters are known, and using a lifting mechanism of air controlled hydraulic system. By analyzing the composition and working principle of air controlled hydraulic system and referring to similar models, the design of the tank, the limiting mechanism and power taker are conducted. By calculating the main technical parameters, including in the performances of the hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic pump, the dump truck's special oil cylinder HG-E180X780 and gear pump CBT-E563 are selected. By the stability of the piston rod, the system pressure and cars lifting time are checked; the reasonability and safty of the design can be proved.

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6

Yan, Tao Ping. "The Air Controlled Hydraulic System Design of 3201z-Type Dump Truck Lifting Mechanisms." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3852–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3852.

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3201Z-type dump truck is modification desiged by EQ3208GJ dump truck chassis which the technical performance parameters are known, and using a lifting mechanism of air controlled hydraulic system. By analyzing the composition and working principle of air controlled hydraulic system and referring to similar models, the design of the tank, the limiting mechanism and power taker are conducted. By calculating the main technical parameters, including in the performances of the hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic pump, the dump truck's special oil cylinder HG-E180X780 and gear pump CBT-E563 are selected. By the stability of the piston rod, the system pressure and cars lifting time are checked, the reasonability and safty of the design can be proved.

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7

Chede, Dr Bharat. "Design Consideration of Material Handling Equipment for Ganga Iron and Steel Limited, Nagpur." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 15, 2021): 1221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36291.

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In the last several years’ material handling has become a new, complex, and rapidly evolving science. Material handling system (MHS) design has a direct influence on the logistics cost. This work is to locates and identifies the wasteful activities regarding the material handling, and to streamline the activities to reach a minimum of material handling. Most of industries are using EOT cranes for handling of material. In today’s modern era, crane is very important material handling equipment in industry because of safety reliability, fast speed, economy etc. In this paper, discussed about design Consideration of material handling equipment for ganga iron and steel limited Nagpur. In the current material handling equipment, the life of the overhead crane as well as the cost of the material handling equipment is too important to stay in the competitive market of the industries. The cost of the material handling equipment is depending on the weight of the material. The performance of the material handling equipment will be done by the working on the optimization of the overhead crane used in the industries. Crane is a reliable component for lifting load in industries. Crane fails due to high friction in between wire rope and pulley. It leads to failure in gear box or it may increase power requirement of crane to lift loads. It is necessary for the crane to lift the load with minimum effort and minimum friction between the mating surfaces Based on the design calculations and analysis, a prototype crane was simulation, ncs, analysis.

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8

Kopytov, V. S., I. S. Plotnikov, and V. M. Puchkov. "Special Isothermal Two-leaf Roof Railway-car Using Gearing in Its Opening Mechanism." Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, no. 1 (March 3, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/0118.0001353.

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Railway-cars with various roof opening schemes have been built in our country for over 60 years. As compared to conventional cars, these ones are of great functionality. They allow carrying different kinds of cargoes of national economic significance almost with no loss, especially with regard to bulk and packaged cargoes. During transportation a roof of the cars protects these goods from wetting and blowing. To load cargo becomes easier and better since there is no need to use forklifts. Instead, cranes or other devices provide loading through the open roof of the car. In isothermal cars, designed to carry bulky cargoes, the opening roof also allows easy loading of cargo, and the appropriate opening scheme disables opening the joint, thereby ensuring unsealing prevention during rail transportation. The paper presents a fundamentally new system for opening a double-leaf roof of a special isothermal car designed to carry bulky cargoes, which development is based on the kinematic and force design analysis. Its engineering study and a complex of strength calculations that substantiate the proposed constructive solutions have been carried out. The proposed design of a double-leaf roof due to less sail and symmetry of loading is under less load as compared to a single-leaf roof, which, when optimizing its design, will lead to using force element cross-sections with a smaller area and to decreasing dimensions-and-weights of the entire structure. The proposed design option of a double-leaf roof with gear in the lifting and lowering elements solves the problems of ensuring the integrity between the roof and the isothermal car. The paper considers an option of using this car for national economic needs when its 4 electromechanical gears are connected by one common shaft with a power reducer placed outside the car on one of its end walls without using an electric motor when the roof is manually opened and closed. Such a car roof design makes considerably easier loading and unloading works with packaged, single-piece and bulk cargo of a wide variety, ensures their safe transit, and allows this car to run in non-electrified tracks.

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9

Zhanna V, Smirnova,. "Kinematic calculation of gear reduction gear." International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research 8, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 2422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2020/35862020.

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10

Hsiao, Kuo-Hung, and Yu-Hsun Chen. "STRUCTURAL ANALYSES OF WATER LIFTING DEVICES WITH GEARS IN ANCIENT CHINA." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 40, no. 4 (November 2016): 607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2016-0048.

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Gear mechanisms were wildly used in variety of purposes from the 2nd century BC in ancient China. There were several books with mechanical illustrations that described the structures and functions of gear mechanisms in ancient China. However, there has never been any record of their appearance or invention in ancient manuscripts. Since gear mechanisms can be used in changing the direction of the source power, some primary devices were added on gear train to transmit the power and generate the function of drawing water. Therefore, the water lifting devices with gears usually have similar topological structures. This work summarized authors’ research for the structural analyses of water lifting devices with gears that were described in ancient Chinese books. The historical development of gear mechanisms in ancient China is briefly introduced first. Then, in the viewpoint of modern mechanisms, the functions and components of water lifting devices with gears are analyzed and presented.

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11

Yuan, Jing, Zhengjia He, and Yanyang Zi. "Gear fault detection using customized multiwavelet lifting schemes." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 24, no. 5 (July 2010): 1509–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2009.11.003.

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12

Morrish, L., M. P. Cartmell, and A. J. Taylor. "Geometry and kinematics of multicable spreader lifting gear." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 211, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406971521764.

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This paper presents a novel theoretical study of the geometry and derived kinematics of a typical multicable suspension system as encountered on a rubber tyred gantry (RTG) crane. Machines of this sort are used extensively in the international container handling business but, to date, little has been known about the precise motions of cable suspended spreaders other than general intuitions about fore—aft, lateral and rotational oscillations. Such motions are initiated by driver-controlled motion of the gantry itself (by torques applied to the driving wheels) and by across-the-vehicle motions of the trolley from which the spreader and container payload are suspended. The work reported here shows the complete derivation for spreader coordinates, relative to the trolley, for any translational and/or rotational displacement. Conventional geometrical and trigonometrical principles are used throughout the development. This research forms an integral part of a larger programme of work to propose strategies for accurate spreader motion control based on non-linear dynamic models.

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13

BRIDGE, R., and J. BRIDGE. "Gear Lifting Mechanism for the Rolls of Calenders." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 35, no. 5 (October 22, 2008): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1919.tb01060.x.

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14

Bore, P., R. Boyes, and R. Dower. "Design of Lifting Gear for a Plastination Laboratory." Cells Tissues Organs 158, no. 1 (1997): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000147906.

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15

Ding, Ning, Chao Liu, Jingsong Duan, and Shuna Jiang. "Design of Double-drive Mechanism for Energy Saving Lifting Permanent Magnet." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 02074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911802074.

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On account of great power consume of lifting electromagnet, energy-saving lifting permanent magnet has got more attention. But in the exiting design of lifting magnet, most can only lift the workpiece placed horizontally, and can’t lift the workpiece placed inclined. Aiming at this defect, the authors design the double-drive mechanism. In this design, two sets of tumble, cylindrical gear mechanism and ratchet pawl mechanism were used to ensure that at least one set of mechanisms can work properly in the inclined state. To enable the two sets of mechanisms to drive the rotating magnetic system in the same direction, reversing gear was adopted.

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16

Xie, Hai-dong, Hao-wei Yao, and Liang Zhang. "Research on Powder Metallurgy Gear Lifting Fire Tanker Performance." Procedia Engineering 52 (2013): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.02.168.

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17

Li, Bing, Pei-lin Zhang, Qiong Mao, Shuang-shan Mi, and Peng-yuan Liu. "Gear fault detection using adaptive morphological gradient lifting wavelet." Journal of Vibration and Control 19, no. 11 (June 19, 2012): 1646–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546312448502.

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18

Ren, F. S., S. L. Chen, and F. Zhang. "Modeling and Simulation for Lifting System of the Gear and Rack Drilling Rig." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.427.

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Gear and rack drilling rig is currently the advanced model of oil rig, which rely on the gear meshing with the rack, driven top drive up and down movement. The equivalent model of derrick and lifting system were established, and the Lagrange equation was built by using the method of energy. The dynamic simulation analysis was carried out by using ADAMS automatic analysis of software. Research result show that analysis lifting system of gear and rack drilling rig, the flexibility of the derrick has minimal effect on the acceleration in the bit of vertical direction; Consider the drill string movement suffered damping effect, drilling bit vibration is obvious in the initial time of drilling, but does not affect the speed of drilling and gradually stabilized.

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19

Wang, Yu Ning, Zhi Li Sun, and Ming Ang Yin. "Considering Thermal Deformation in Gear Transmission Error Calculation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 281 (January 2013): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.211.

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This research analyze the gear for body temperature field, according to the body temperature field, it calculates comprehensive deformation of the loaded gear by using the contact method. It extracts the deformation of gear surface along the gear thickness and gear tall direction, calculating the gear non-involute error. It calculates the gear transmission error considering the thermal deformation. The results show that: Considering thermal deformation non-involute error of addendum is maximum, and there are no mutations in gear non-involute error the transmission error caused by mutation of elastic deformation mutate at single and double tooth alternating position. The bigger mutation becomes, the bigger vibration amplitude will be. The results of the study provide a solid basis to improve the motion transmission accuracy of gear.

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20

Li, Shou Cheng, and Xue Jun Wang. "Study on Elevator Drive System Dynamics Simulation of Rail Transport Conveyer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 511-512 (February 2014): 619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.511-512.619.

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Rail transport conveyer is special transportation equipment that is widely used in the field of metallurgical industry. It is the key to ensure equipment operation efficiency on a production site. But the low lift system efficiency and poor reliability are difficult technical problems in the enterprise. In this case, rail transport conveyer uses the worm gear and screw nut lifting mechanism. The project carries on rail vehicle lifting system modeling and dynamic simulation study through Solid Edge ST5 and ADAMS, combined with simulation technology, virtual prototype design. Research purpose is in order to match the coefficient of friction between the screw and screw nut better, and to match different speed ratio for the drive gear pair and the lifting mechanism being in empty back to travel and work schedule. Another aim is to match the speed of the lifting speed and walking speed, and to reduce the error probability. Results show that the motor can get better speed matching relation with lifting mechanism through research, further optimizing the structure of lifting system parameters. Through the analysis and structure optimization, we can improve the reliability of rail transport vehicle lift system, and implement efficient fast for copper anode lifting and positioning precision. The ultimate goal is to achieve vertical hanging in electrolytic cell anode plate, and to make electrolytic operation to achieve the best state.

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21

Nguyen, M.-H., M. Guilbaud, S. Huberson, and M. Ba. "Influence of Lifting Effects in Seakeeping Calculation." International Journal of Maritime Engineering 151, a3 (2009): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.ijme.2009.a3.147.

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22

Shuklinov, S. M., M. Yu Zalogin, and P. R. Bartosh. "Mathematical simulation of the truck cabin lifting gear working processes." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet. Pratsi, no. 2 (December 15, 2014): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.2.44.2014.08.

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23

Ruan, Guowei, Ziwen Wang, Chenxu Duan, and Wei Wang. "The Development of the Automatic Lifting Gear for precision measurement." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1650 (October 2020): 022089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1650/2/022089.

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24

Liu, Yi Xiang, and Yong Mei Wang. "Additional Damping Conditions Analysis and Calculation for Exciting Force and External Load." Key Engineering Materials 579-580 (September 2013): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.579-580.507.

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This paper firstly starting mechanism of vibration and noise from gear, gear noise mechanism is explained, and analyze the factors and the impact of noise on the gear reducer. Secondly, the establishment of a complete solid model of gear reducer and reducer model for finite element model, the reduction gear box gear reducer of modal analysis and finite element modal calculation, and points out the dynamic analysis of structure, size and weight factor is proportional to the reciprocal of the modal frequencies of each mode is the with the frequency is low, that is, the greater the weight. Once again, the main measure of load and control of gear noise of gear is analyzed, including the calculation, for exciting force reduction gear reducer gear load computation. The analysis and calculation are the theoretical basis of gear structure design and its performance evaluation.

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25

Fratila, C., T. Axinte, R. C. Cojocaru, C. Berescu, and I. C. Scurtu. "The study of the lifting mechanism of the crane arm to a barge." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 2, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v2i1.47.

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During cargo loading and unloading, the vessels’ lifting gear, even if anchored or moored, is affected by the pitch and roll movements, in addition to the usual stresses, a similar shore crane is subjected to. This paper aims at presenting an analysis of the lifting operations of a boom crane pertaining to a self-propelled barge. The analysis starts with the meshing with triangle elements, the stresses and the embedding using the finite elements method. The crane and the pertaining boom were modeled using CAD design, NX 10.0 from Siemens. The lifting equipment of the ships boom crane may be subject to dangerous defects occurring during the loading and unloading process. Subsequently, the research emphasizes the stresses occurred in the piston rod and in the eye of the lifting equipment, using the finite element method (FEM). After the stress analysis, several fatigue matters are studied: fatigue safety factor, fatigue life, strength safety factor and crack. The damaging or breaking of the eye or of the piston rod from the lifting equipment of the ships boom crane is leading to the blocking of the cylinder with the result of unfavorable events, such as deformation of the boom crane, damaging the loads and even the danger of sinking the barge. The results of this analysis provide ship-owner and maintenance engineers a useful tool to take appropriate decision during inspection of the lifting gear of the ship, prior commencement of the loading and unloading operations.

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26

Wang, Cheng. "A calculation method of thermal deformation for double helical gear." Mechanics & Industry 20, no. 6 (2019): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2019045.

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Thermal deformation caused by gear transmission is an important factor causing gear impact, vibration and partial load. Gear modification can effectively improve the effects caused by thermal deformation. The calculation of thermal deformation is the first problem to be solved before gear modification. This paper takes double helical gear as the research object and a calculation method of thermal deformation is proposed. Firstly, temperature of instantaneous meshing points on the tooth surface are measured and these discrete temperature values are fitted by the linear interpolation. Calculation formula of temperature distribution along gear radial direction is introduced. Combining both, tooth surface temperature field is obtained. Secondly, equation of tooth surface for double helical gear before and after thermal deformation is derived according to the tooth surface temperature field. Finally, an example is given. Compared with the given modification of thermal deformation, the calculated thermal deformation is almost equal to theoretical value. On this basis, the thermal deformation of double helical gear considering the installation error and machining error is calculated, which provides a theoretical basis for thermal deformation modification of double helical gear.

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27

LUNIN, Stepan. "GDS-10 NEW METHOD OF GEAR GEOMETRY CALCULATION(GEAR DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS)." Proceedings of the JSME international conference on motion and power transmissions II.01.202 (2001): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeimpt.ii.01.202.472.

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28

Leitzke, Hartmunt, and Gerd Niedzwiedz. "Calculation of fishing gear as discrete models." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 15, no. 2 (December 31, 1985): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3750/aip1985.15.2.11.

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29

Wu, Shifeng, and H. S. Cheng. "Sliding Wear Calculation in Spur Gears." Journal of Tribology 115, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2921665.

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In gear applications where precipitous tooth failure mode such as scoring or scuffing has been avoided, “normal” wear becomes a life-determining factor. In this paper, sliding wear in spur gears, including the considerations of gear dynamics and rough-elastohydrodynamic lubrication, is analyzed. Formulas for equivalent wear rate and tooth wear profile along the line of action are derived. Results show that most materials are removed from both the addendum and dedendum tooth surfaces, and that the highest wear occurs at the beginning of an engagement. This high wear region corresponds to the root of the driving (pinion) teeth and the tip of the driven (gear) teeth. These analytical results correlate well with the practical evidences in AGMA documentation.

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30

Hedlund, J., and A. Lehtovaara. "A parameterized numerical method for generating discrete helical gear tooth surface allowing non-standard geometry." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 1033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes799.

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Gear analysis is typically performed using calculation based on gear standards. Standards provide a good basis in gear geometry calculation for involute gears, but these are unsatisfactory for handling geometry deviations such as tooth flank modifications. The efficient utilization of finite-element calculation also requires the geometry generation to be parameterized. A parameterized numerical approach was developed to create discrete helical gear geometry and contact line by simulating the gear manufacturing, i.e. the hobbing process. This method is based on coordinate transformations and a wide set of numerical calculation points and their synchronization, which permits deviations from common involute geometry. As an example, the model is applied to protuberance tool profile and grinding with tip relief. A fairly low number of calculation points are needed to create tooth flank profiles where error is <1 μm.

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31

Ichikawa, Masami, and Akira Matsuda. "Induced Drag Calculation by Numerical Lifting Surface Method." Journal of Aircraft 34, no. 2 (March 1997): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.7572.

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32

Parakhnich, Aleksandr S., and Leonid Yu Yuferev. "Preliminary Calculation of the Solar Water-Lifting Installation." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-3-132-137.

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Agriculture is one of the most important elements of the economic complex of the Republic of Crimea, which is confirmed by the high development of territories, about 70 percent of the area. To eliminate the acute shortage of water, the article proposes an autonomous system powered by solar energy. This will make it possible to provide water for irrigation on agricultural land. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in searching for and justifying optimal technical solutions for eliminating the problem of water supply to agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Crimea. (Materials and methods) Authors have analyzed the agro-climatic features of the Crimean Peninsula. The article presents the data on the depth of the aquifer on the territory of Crimea, the annual energy potential of solar and wind energy. The article proposes a variant of water supply using artesian water extraction systems powered by solar energy. Authors have calculated the parameters of the solar water supply system. The article presents a diagram of its work. (Results and discussion) The main advantage of a solar installation for water extraction is the ability to use it autonomously in remote areas, without resorting to the construction of expensive engineering structures, which allows us to solve the problem of water supply locally. To ensure the irrigation rate of the apple tree on the territory of one hectare with sufficient solar insolation, a water-based photovoltaic installation is a suitable technical solution. The article presents the total capacity and area of the photovoltaic plant. (Conclusions) The area of the photovoltaic station does not exceed one percent of the total area of the irrigated field. This installation will make it possible to solve the problem of water supply in the region, increase productivity and the overall standard of living of the population. The installation occupies a small area and has a high performance.

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33

Hanson, Donald B. "Compressible lifting surface theory for propeller performance calculation." Journal of Aircraft 22, no. 1 (January 1985): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.45075.

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34

Ezurike, Benjamin, and Modestus Okwu. "Modified Screw Jack for Lifting Operation in Industrial Setting." International Journal of Engineering and Technologies 13 (December 2017): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijet.13.39.

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With the increasing level of technology, researchers all over the world are working continuously to improve and implement better and robust design of materials at workplace for productivity, efficiency and effectiveness. Detailed design procedure of a quick lifting screw jack is presented in this paper. The design is fundamentally a modification of the conventional scissor jack. The problems associated with the conventional jacks are the ergonomic snags experienced by operators due to prolonged bending or squatting positions during operation. These problems of waist pain and backaches are as a result of continuous turning of the wrench or crank shaft in an uncomfortable position for a long period. These led to the design and modification of quick lifting screw jack with gear arrangements that are safe, reliable and capable of raising or lowering heavy load with little effort. The results showed that the introduction of the crank and gear mechanism would help reduce difficulty in operation, reduce time, increase efficiency and effectively control the difficulties concomitant with Ergonomics - which is an ultimate sensitivity in design process.

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Wu, Can Hui. "Characteristic Analysis on Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Orthogonal Face-Gear." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.598.

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Face-gear lubrication characteristic is a important indicator to estimate the scuffing load capacity. In this paper, the model of face-gear loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) was established, and the load distribution among tooth were calculated, then the entrainment velocity and contact stress calculation equations of face-gear drives were derived. On this basis, face-gear Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) dimensionless equations were established. Using the multi-grid algorithm to complete the solution of minimum film thickness and film pressure of face-gear drives. Through the calculation example, lubricant film thickness and film pressure variation in the meshing cycle were expresented. It provideds the technical basis for calculation of scuffing load capacity of face-gear.

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Ridaliani, Onnie. "THE KEY TO MINIMIZE MISCALCULATION OF OIL/CONDENSATE - QAS (QUANTITY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM) BY APPLYING ASTM PROVISIONS." PETRO:Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Perminyakan 8, no. 4 (January 1, 2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/petro.v8i4.6211.

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<p class="AbstractNormalText">The Petroleum Industry does not only consist of exploration and exploitation activities, but there are other activities that are also important, namely lifting activities. The lifting activity is one of the transfer/ shipping activities from upstream (Producer) to downstream (Buyer). One of the lifting activities is the calculation of the amount of oil/condensate, which is a calculation of the calculation and reporting of oil/condensate that is applied in managing the distribution of oil/condensate production from the block station to the point of sale. The importance of this calculation system is due to the amount of lifting that will be reported to the state. This needs to be done well to avoid the wrong amount of value. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) is an international organization that develops and publishes technical standards for various materials, products, systems and services. The lifting job based on the conditions established by ASTM can minimize the possibility of errors in calculation of QAS (Quantity Accounting System), in this case specifically for fluid level measurements in tanks, temperature measurements, methods and techniques for measuring the number of samples, proving job, laboratory analysis (such as Density, BS&W, etc), and the methods that must be used (Flow Meter or Meter Tank Gauging) for QAS input. This paper is made using reference activities that happen in lifting points in Riau Province, North Sumatra Province, and Aceh Province. It is expected to provide more understanding of the necessary of applying the ASTM provisions to lifting activities.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

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Liu, Yan Feng, Yue Hai Sun, Qiang Sun, and Jing Xiao. "Study on the Maximum Contact Stress of Involute Gear Pair with a Small Number of Teeth." Applied Mechanics and Materials 456 (October 2013): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.456.193.

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As the traditional calculation formula for contact strength of involute gear pair is not applicable for the calculation of those with small number of the teeth, some researches on the calculation of contact strength of involute gear pairs have been done. The calculation of the contact ratio of involute gear pair with a small number of teeth can confirm that its end face engagement must be of single-tooth mesh, while the research on the actual contacting lines in the meshing zone can find out the precalculated position, computational formula, and strength condition of the maximum contact stress according with the gear pairs with a small number of teeth.

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Huang, Kang, Song Bo Han, Rong De Yang, and Shun Xu. "Contact Model of Double Circular Arc Gear Based on Fractal Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 43 (December 2010): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.43.414.

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Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to solve contact strength calculation of double circular arc gear with the method of traditional the Hertz contact theory and FEM, methods of fractal theory had been used to establish the contact model of double arc gear based on fractal theory, and an example of calculation was given away. This article results that it is feasible to calculate contact strength with fractal theory in the driving of concave convex meshing gear and this contact model of double circular arc gear based on fractal theory would provide a new way of the research of contact strength calculation of double circular arc gear.

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NICOLIN, Ilie, and Bogdan Adrian NICOLIN. "Preliminary calculation of the landing gear of a military training aircraft." INCAS BULLETIN 12, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2020.12.4.22.

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The paper presents a preliminary calculation method, which is easy to apply for pre-dimensioning the landing gear. Preliminary calculation of the landing gear includes estimating the loads on landing and determining the position of the nose landing gear and the main landing gear of a military training aircraft. Another purpose of the preliminary calculation is to ensure the stability of a military training aircraft on landing and take-off, as well as to ensure the lateral stability of the aircraft during ground operations such as taxiing, landing or take-off.

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Guo, Shanxin, and Dagui Chen. "Calculation of Unloading Area of Internal Gear Pump and Optimization." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 26, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7319871.

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In order to obtain the calculation method of the unloading area of the internal gear pump during oil trapping, a pair of internal gears including an external gear and an internal gear was used as the research object to simulate the oil trapping process. The geometric relationship during the meshing process was established, and the unloading area expression was obtained by using the geometric pattern expansion method with the variable f as the independent variable. Guided by a mathematical model, two improved optimization schemes were proposed for the internal gear tooth profile, and the unloading area expressions sud, suda, and sudb were obtained. Taking the meshing gear pair with module 3 and number of teeth 13/19 as examples, the simulation results were very consistent with the existing literature. The reliability of the model and the feasibility of the optimization scheme are obtained based on the theoretical analysis and calculation results. This calculation method of unloading area can be applied to the same type of gear pump design in the future, providing a reference for the design of high pressure and low noise gear pumps.

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Vitchuk, P. V., N. D. Reykhert, and N. A. Vitchuk. "Selection and calculation of traction elements of the elevator lifting mechanism." Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 7, no. 3 (September 25, 2021): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9920-2021-07-03-205-216.

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The correct choice of elements of the elevator lifting mechanism and their parameters ensures its reliability, durability, energy and economic efficiency. The paper contains recommendations for the selection of the traction elements of the elevator lifting mechanism and the sequence of determining their parameters based on a multivariate calculation. The purpose of the proposed sequence is to obtain the most rational parameters of the traction elements of the elevator lifting mechanism. The initial data for the calculation are the lifting capacity of the elevator, the nominal speed of movement, the height of the lift of the car. It is also necessary to consider the purpose of the elevator. At the first stage of the calculation, the masses of the cab and the counterweight are determined. In this case, the existing data on analogue lifts should be used. In the absence of such data, the approximate dependences proposed by the authors of the article can be used. At the second stage, the kinematic scheme of the elevator is selected. At the third stage, the type of traction element is selected. On the basis of domestic and foreign experience in elevator engineering and well-known literature, recommendations are formulated for choosing the type of traction element. The final stage is a multivariate calculation of traction elements. It is proposed to evaluate the calculation results taking into account the minimum value of the safety factor in accordance with the EN 81-1: 1998 standard. The calculation of the traction elements considered in the work is only a small part of the process of determining the optimal parameters of the elements of the elevator lifting mechanism. At the same time, already at this stage, variability is introduced, which makes the calculation quite laborious to perform it manually. Obviously, a multivariate calculation method that allows you to analyze many different combinations of parameters of the elements of the elevator lifting mechanism and choose the optimal ones is impossible without the use of a computer.

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Liu, Zhi Gang. "Research on CNC Machining Model and Error Analysis for Spiral Bevel Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 686 (October 2014): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.686.517.

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This paper analyzed the adjustment principle and calculation method of parameters for CNC spiral bevel gear milling machine, and establish the models of NC machining of spiral bevel gear milling machine. Through the calculation of examples, we acquire the machine tool axes of the instantaneous position when CNC spiral bevel gear milling machine process. The paper establish simulation machine model of spiral bevel gear milling machine and the simulation processing. The simulation results meet the spiral bevel gear milling machine functional verification requirements.

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Li, Qiang, Gao Wei Yang, and Hong Bo Yan. "Calculation Equation of Tooth Face of Shaping Gear for Logarithmic Spiral Bevel Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 215-216 (November 2012): 1076–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.215-216.1076.

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According to the processing principle of the spiral bevel gear, analyzed the relative motion of cutter and workpiece in process. Combing the feature of logarithmic spiral bevel gear, this paper took the advantage of the gyration vector expansion to derivate the tooth surface equation of logarithmic spiral bevel gear shaping gear and deduced the meshing equation.

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Dai, He, Feng Chen, Chao Xun, and Xinhua Long. "Numerical calculation and experimental measurement for gear mesh force of planetary gear transmissions." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 162 (January 2022): 108085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2021.108085.

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Zhao, Yue. "Search and Doubts of the Calculation Equation of Efficiency Transmission of CLS-II Type Efficiency Transmission Gear Experiment Set." Applied Mechanics and Materials 345 (August 2013): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.345.150.

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t put forward questions for the concept of calculation equation transmission efficiency of CLS-II Type Efficiency Transmission Gear Experiment Set. It put forward questions for the theory and analysis of some works. The analysising and demonstrating aim at the calculation equation problems of transmission efficiency of CLS-II Type Efficiency Transmission Gear Experiment Set. Put forward new mechanics analysis method. And according to the new mechanics analysis method, the analysising and demonstrating aim at the calculation equation of transmission efficiency of CLS-II Type Efficiency Transmission Gear Experiment Set, it gives the new concept of equation of gear transmission efficiency.

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Hübner, Florian, Christoph Löpenhaus, Fritz Klocke, and Christian Brecher. "Extended Calculation Model for Generating Gear Grinding Processes." Advanced Materials Research 1140 (August 2016): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1140.141.

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Generally, hard finishing is the final step in manufacturing cylindrical gears. The most established processes for hard finishing are continuous generation grinding and discontinuous profile grinding [1]. Despite the wide industrial application of the continuous generation grinding process, only few scientific investigations exist. One possible reason for this are the complex contact conditions between tool and gear flank. Modelling the complex contact conditions between grinding worm and gear to calculate cutting forces, characteristic values as well as micro- and macroscopic gear geometry are the topics of this paper. The approaches are introduced and results for validation are presented and discussed.

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Wang, Ai Hong, Ge Ning Xu, Ping Yang, and You Shan Gao. "Research on Random Stress Spectrum for Cumulative Fatigue of Crane Metal Structure." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1122.

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In order to calculate the fatigue life, lifting or unloading position, lifting weight and load mobile line of crane with automatic acquisition device were recorded on spot. Probability distribution model and its characteristic parameters of lifting weight and lifting or unloading position were analyzed with goodness of fit test. The random samples of the load spectrum parameters for the cumulative fatigue were also calculated with Latin Hypercube Sampling. Dynamic simulation model of crane metal structure was formed. Dynamic load function that dynamic load changed with time was also established, from which the stress spectrum through structural dynamics analysis in fatigue calculation point was acquired. Based on then above calculation, the remaining fatigue life of the prototype is 38 years.

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Zimmer, Maximilian, Michael Otto, and Karsten Stahl. "Calculation of arbitrary tooth shapes to support gear design." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 11 (September 16, 2015): 2075–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215606929.

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This article provides a mathematical framework based on the basic law of gear kinematics for calculating the tooth geometry of arbitrary gear types. The described algorithms are illustrated by means of practical applications, especially nonstandard gearings. The computed geometry is exported as a point cloud with integrated STEP-modeling. Thus, further analysis of the generated gear types are possible, e.g. by computer-aided design or finite-element software tools as well as manufacturing on 5-axis-CNC or forging machines.

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Tang, Jian Jie, and Jin Yuan Tang. "Transmission Error Calculation Based on Manufacturing Errors and Load." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 848–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.848.

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A valid mathematic model is introduced to study the calculation of gear meshing transmission error, which is based on the manufacturing error and gear teeth deformation. Subsequently, take a pair of specific gear for example;The transmission error curves are obtained by the calculation model. The results show great consistency with the curves from Romax software, which indicates the validity and high accuracy of the mathematic model presented above. And it can be found that the shape change of transmission error curves affected mainly by the pitch error under the same conditions as the precision.

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Wang, Nan, and Sheng Ze Wang. "Calculation of Bevel Noncircular Gears' Contact Ratio and Data Range." Advanced Materials Research 933 (May 2014): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.933.439.

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The contact ratio of noncircular gears is variational, much more complicated than the contact ratio of the spur gear. Because the contact ratio of straight noncircular gear is always less than 2, its property of steady transmission is less than the bevel noncircular gear. Withal the thesis exports the calculation method of the bevel noncircular gears contact ratio and its variation range,and gives the relative computing examples .

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