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Journal articles on the topic 'Calculative strategies'
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Kërënxhi, Svjetllana, and Pranvera Gjoci. "Involvement of Algebraic-Geometrical Duality in Shaping Fraction’s Meaning and Calculation Strategies with Fractions." Journal of Educational and Social Research 7, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2017.v7n1p151.
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Abstract Many mathematical concepts and processes, besides the algebraic form of their presentation, can be modeled as well geometrically through diagrams and graphics. Both these aspects of concepts demonstration (algebraic and geometrical aspect) are present on mathematical textbooks of pre-university education. In this paper we consider algebraic and geometrical aspect on 6th grade math textbooks and in particular algebraic-geometrical duality, aiming that the fraction concept and the fraction calculation strategy to be assimilated better by the students. A study was made with 78 students to understand their abilities to express using algebraic symbols and to introduce mathematical situations with geometrical models for “Fractions” chapter. After the analysis of calculative strategies applied by students, in the article it is suggested that algebraic-geometrical duality must be included in teaching based on a complete framework. This will enable students to fully realize the deep understanding of concepts and the calculative strategies they are using.
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Hope, John A., and James M. Sherrill. "Characteristics of Unskilled and Skilled Mental Calculators." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 18, no. 2 (March 1987): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.18.2.0098.
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Fifteen skilled and 15 unskilled students were selected from 286 Grade 11 and 12 mathematics students as a result of their performances on a mental multiplication test. Introspective reports during mental multiplication tasks yielded 4 methods of solution and 12 calculative strategies. The unskilled students used strategies more suited to written than mental computation, and the skilled students used strategies based upon the number properties suggested by the factors in the task. The skilled students recalled more large products to aid in a mental calculation than the unskilled students did. Mental multiplication performance had a low positive correlation with forward and backward digit span and with multiplication fact recall.
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Tomlinson, Jim. "Strategies and roles for calculative regimes: A review of a case study." Accounting, Organizations and Society 15, no. 3 (January 1990): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0361-3682(90)90008-i.
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Callon, Michel, and John Law. "On Qualculation, Agency, and Otherness." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 23, no. 5 (October 2005): 717–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d343t.
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In this paper we explore the boundary between calculative and noncalculative action by arguing that these are separate but mutually constitutive. By using the notion of qualculation, a neologism coined by Cochoy, we redefine the notion of calculation to include judgment. We then argue that making qualculability is not trivial: that it takes effort to create calculation and judgment. But it also takes effort to consider nonqualculability. Two strategies for achieving nonqualculability are identified, those of rarefaction and proliferation. Rarefaction, illustrated by the cases of Quaker worship and selfless love or agapè, works by withdrawing all qualculative resources. Conversely, proliferation, illustrated by the attribution of cause and responsibility after railway accidents, and by a major television fund-raiser, the ‘Téléthon’, works to impede calculation by an overload of qualculative resources.
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McNeill, Donald. "Volumetric urbanism: The production and extraction of Singaporean territory." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 51, no. 4 (February 20, 2019): 849–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x19830699.
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This paper examines how state territorial development strategies, financial and regulatory practices and architectural and engineering expertise shape ‘volumetric’ urban space. In doing so, it frames the built environment as being an envelope through which state accumulation strategies are materialized through both the technical manipulation of territory and the metrics that accompany it. It focuses on a key site of post-Independence Singaporean urbanism, the Marina Bay area, to examine how dimensional urban development has been combined with governance practices to produce and extract new territory. The paper illustrates this through three processes: the engineering of land platforms that could be developed to expand the logistical productivity of Singaporean territory; the deployment of ‘atmospheric engineering’ such as the use of air-conditioning technologies in creating controlled environments that maximize the value of interiorized territory; and the creation of a calculative regime for governing underground space. It describes how Singaporean state agencies have deployed experts in engineering, surveying and architecture, as well as implementing new legislation and regulation in producing these volumetric affordances. It is argued in conclusion that the calculative manipulation of key sites in the built environments of global cities such as Singapore should be accorded more significance within studies of nation-state territorial strategy, and the geopolitics of cities.
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ROSE-REDWOOD, REUBEN, and ANTON TANTNER. "Introduction: governmentality, house numbering and the spatial history of the modern city." Urban History 39, no. 4 (October 11, 2012): 607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926812000405.
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ABSTRACT:This special section of Urban History explores the spatial histories of urban house numbering and the calculative rationalities of government since the Enlightenment. More than a mere footnote to the history of postal communications, the house number was first introduced as an inscriptive device to serve a wide range of governmental purposes, from military conscription and the quartering of soldiers to census-taking and the policing of urban populations. The spatial practice of house numbering can therefore be seen as a ‘political technology’ that was developed to reorganize urban space according to the dictates of numerical calculation. The articles in this special section examine the historical emergence of house numbering, and related practices, in different geographical circumstances, illustrating the spatial strategies of governmentality and the tactics of resistance that shaped the spatial organization of the modern city.
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Cuckston, Thomas. "Making extinction calculable." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 31, no. 3 (March 19, 2018): 849–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-10-2015-2264.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species in achieving biodiversity conservation and preventing the extinction of species. The Red List is a calculative device that classifies species in terms of their exposure to the risk of extinction. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on theorising in the Social Studies of Finance literature to analyse the Red List in terms of how it frames a space of calculability for species extinction. The analysis then traces the ways that this framing has overflowed, creating conditions for calculative innovations, such that assemblages of humans and calculative devices (i.e. agencements) are constructed with collective capabilities to act to conserve biodiversity and prevent species extinctions. Findings This paper has traced three ways that the Red List frame has overflowed, leading to calculative innovations and the construction of new agencements. The overflow of relations between the quality of “extinction risk”, produced by the Red List, and other qualities, such as location, has created opportunities for conservationists to develop agencements capable of formulating conservation strategies. The overflow of relations between the identity of the “threatened species”, produced by the Red List, and other features of evaluated species, has created opportunities for conservationists to develop agencements capable of impelling participation in conservation efforts. The overflow of ecological relations between species, discarded by the Red List’s hierarchical metrology of extinction risk classifications, has created opportunities for conservationists to develop agencements capable of confronting society with the reality of an extinction crisis. Originality/value The paper contributes to the accounting for biodiversity literature by addressing its fundamental challenge: explaining how accounting can create conditions within society in which biodiversity conservation is made possible.
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Shapiro, Aaron. "Between autonomy and control: Strategies of arbitrage in the “on-demand” economy." New Media & Society 20, no. 8 (November 10, 2017): 2954–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444817738236.
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The “on-demand” economy is built upon company strategies of arbitrage between worker autonomy and worker control. Using ethnographic and interview data, I show how these strategies undermine the economic theory that justifies the on-demand business model. The increased freedom and flexibility on offer to workers is countered by “softer” and less visible forms of workforce surveillance and control. These take hold through information asymmetries, which narrow workers’ decision-making capacities and thus undercut arguments for workers’ designation as independent contractors. However, I also show that these forms of control ultimately hinge on workers’ willingness to conform to the calculative rationalities that companies project onto them, and that workers’ motivations diverge from these company assumptions. I conclude by countering the notion of calculability with that of “qualculation,” an affective style of reasoning that workers employ in response to algorithmic workforce management and which highlights how on-the-job decisions are made within a shifting moral economy of work.
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Li, Jing. "All roads lead to Rome: Internationalization strategies of Chinese law firms." Journal of Professions and Organization 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2019): 156–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpo/joz005.
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Abstract On the basis of a hand-collected sample of 123 Chinese law firms, this article offers a comprehensive empirical examination into their globalization efforts. It finds that the majority of the firms have endeavoured to expand overseas than not. The most frequently used strategies are international offices and formal cross-border referral networks. While all law firms are enthusiastic to echo and tag along the government-led ‘Going Out’ initiatives so as to claim legitimacy for their activities, the firms with secondary or lower tier reputation tend to implement it on a more substantive level. Overall, Chinese law firms are still at the initial stage of their internationalization process, and there are considerable discrepancies between actual practices and the formal structures. This is most evident when many of the international offices are in fact associated or merged but subtly marketed as directly invested, thus illustrating that internationalization often carries symbolic value in the eyes of clients. This said, a closer look at the overseas offices with resident lawyers reveals that Chinese law firms are often also calculative entrepreneurs, who know where their competitiveness lies. They purposefully organize their offices to focus on trade route underpinned work, especially the niche market of the outbound Chinese SMEs. As such, pragmatism, entrepreneurship, and state power dynamically interact with each other in shaping the internationalization trajectories of Chinese law firms.
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Byun, Kyung-Ah, and Mayukh Dass. "An investigation of the effects of product recalls on brand commitment and purchase intention." Journal of Consumer Marketing 32, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-06-2014-1000.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine how product recalls affect brand commitment and post-recall purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach – The role of consumer and product recall characteristics based on attribution theory is tested using data collected through experiments and analyzed using a type of finite mixture model. Findings – Results indicate varying effects of product recalls on commitment across these four customer groups and a strong effect of affective commitment on post-recall purchase behavior. Originality/value – This paper proposes four types of consumers based on dichotomous levels of affective and calculative commitment, namely, Hard Cores, Don’t-Cares, Lovers and Rationalists, and shows how product recalls affect these consumer groups differently, and how this information assists brand managers in developing post-product recall consumer management strategies.
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Turner, James Morton. "Counting Carbon: The Politics of Carbon Footprints and Climate Governance from the Individual to the Global." Global Environmental Politics 14, no. 1 (February 2014): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00214.
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This article considers carbon footprints as a form of climate governance. Drawing on science studies to consider the contingent nature of calculative devices and governmentality studies to examine the intrinsic relationship between how problems are framed and remedied, this article advances two arguments. First, it argues that efforts to define and deploy carbon footprints contributed to a conceptual shift in emissions accounting, from a narrower metric focused on emissions from fossil fuel and electricity use—Carbon Footprint 1.0—to a more expansive metric that includes emissions embodied in consumption and trade—Carbon Footprint 2.0. Second, this article argues that these approaches to carbon footprints at the individual level have intersected with broader discussions about allocating emissions responsibilities and examining mitigation strategies at the national and international levels, offering alternative grounds for assigning responsibility for climate-change mitigation and expanding the range of policy options available for addressing emissions.
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Wu, Guangdong, Huiwen Li, Chunlin Wu, and Zhibin Hu. "How different strengths of ties impact project performance in megaprojects: the mediating role of trust." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 13, no. 4 (April 11, 2020): 889–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-09-2019-0220.
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PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationships between the different strengths of ties (strong ties and weak ties), types of trust and project performance in megaprojects.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was conducted with various experts and professionals involved in megaprojects, and 350 valid responses were received. Data was analyzed by means of structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results show that both strong ties and weak ties have positive impacts on trust in megaprojects, but weak ties have a more significant positive effect than do strong ties. Unexpectedly, the introduction of interorganizational trust significantly weakens the effect of the strength of ties on project performance. The indirect influence of the strength of ties on performance has different paths. Weak ties have an indirect effect via calculative trust and relational trust. However, in a strong ties network, inferior stakeholders lack the information necessary to complete a megaproject, and they believe that calculative trust will not promote project performance until the megaproject is successfully delivered. Thus, the effect of calculative trust on project performance is not significant.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings provide evidence in regard to strength of ties governance being a part of the effective strategy in improving megaprojects’ performance. It also demonstrates the mediating function of trust and advances the current understandings of the underlying mechanism of the strength of ties on project performance, thus providing implications for researchers and practitioners. However, this study has some limitations. For example, the strength of ties and trust between organizations are a dynamic process in megaprojects. This study does not conduct in-depth analysis of the evolution mechanism and investigate the different levels of trust at different stages of the megaproject. Future research can be guided by these directions.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this study is fourfold. First, this study enriches the literature on strength of ties by accentuating the roles of trust in megaproject context. Second, this study contributes to the theoretical development of a conceptual model for explaining the interrelationships among strength of ties, types of trust and project performance. Third, this study responds to the call “which dimension (i.e. strong ties or weak ties) is more influential” by exploring the direct and indirect effects of strength of ties on project performance. Finally, this study breaks through the limitation of traditional cognition that megaproject management can be met by relying on rigid contracts. In other words, trust can supplement the weakness of rigid contract by forming contract flexibility with different strength of ties. Meanwhile, the specific strategies to establish and maintain trust are given, such as building information model (BIM) collaboration platform and reputation management mechanism.
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Dev Prakash Chourasia and Bhoopendra Singh. "Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Solar Integration using Bi directional DC-DC converter with Fuzzy Logic Control." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology, no. 02 (February 12, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0702001.
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In this paper, a sunlight-based hybrid electric vehicle is planned on MATLAB Simulink. In this a primary fuel source which sun based and a helper source which is battery is utilized to fabricate a bidirectional DC-DC converter. In General thought, an electric vehicle uses a battery that is charged from an external force gracefully, anyway sunlight-based PV modules are used to charge a battery by strategies for fascinating radiation from the sun and changing over it into electrical force (Photovoltaic Effect) by proposed procedure. The electrical capacity to batteries got from sun powered PV modules, which might be connected either in course of action or equivalent and charge regulators. To cross a conclusive force point in the sunlight-based board, additionally Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) regulator is used [3]. The sun powered PV part is executed utilizing a fuzzy based MPPT strategy. In the control framework for bidirectional DC-DC converter, an ANFIS framework is utilized to diminish the blunders and give a DC yield to DC machine which speaks to the Electric Vehicle. The utilization of Solar gives limitless energy and diminishes the expense of different other options. The advantage of ANFIS and Fuzzy joined framework gives the best accuracies and proficiency in the framework as contrasted and conventional PI based which is a more calculative control framework. The yield voltage of bidirectional DC-DC converter is about 430v to drive the electric vehicle. The advantage of this plan is low count intricacy by utilizing ANFIS and Fuzzy based MPPT calculation for Photovoltaic module[3].
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De Maio, Carmen, Aurelio Tommasetti, Orlando Troisi, Massimiliano Vesci, Giuseppe Fenza, and Vincenzo Loia. "Contextual Fuzzy-Based Decision Support System Through Opinion Analysis: A Case Study at University of the Salerno." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 15, no. 05 (September 2016): 923–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622016500231.
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According to the literature about customer satisfaction and loyalty, it is possible to define knowledge-based system to support management decision-making in the organizations. Nevertheless, the problem as to how much the context impacts on correlation has not been investigated in the literature. This paper focuses on developing of Decision Support System (DSS) taking into account correlations among statistical factors, i.e., expert knowledge, and customers’ opinions depending on several contextual features, e.g., culture, location, in order to build context-sensitive simulation environment. The proposed work defines a general system design workflow to tailor knowledge-based DSS by using a fuzzy model to quantify correlations among variables in a given context. We explore ontologies to represent correlations among statistical factors, e.g., Calculative Commitment, Quality of Service. We apply fuzzy data analysis techniques to train fuzzy classifier on the customer’s opinions collected by survey. Finally, synergistic usage of Description Logic and Fuzzy Theory allows the implementation of a simulation environment that supports the management team to tune business strategies. The framework has been instantiated for a case study to support public administration at the University of the Salerno.
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Boychenko, Mikhail. "How formal is the ethics of responsibility?" Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2021.01.075.
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Max Weber’s last in his life publications give grounds to correct the traditional notions of the ethics of responsibility as purely calculative and one that subordinates the ethical goal to the right means of achieving it and the strictness of its observance. For Weber devotion to certain values is ultimately the basis of any possible ethics: in the ethics of conviction, this devotion is contrasted with taking into account all the results of the ethical act, and in the ethics of responsibility these results seek to take into account what should make certain values more reliable. Passionate commitment to political goals that express the interests of the community, rather than the selfish and vain intentions of the politician is a solid basis for the responsibility of the politician. The passionate pursuit of truth directs the scientist’s well-thought-out research pro- gram. In economics, the pursuit of personal gain, which is inherent for the “economic man”, requires consideration of the common economic good both for those with whom the man makes his business and for the community, which is his lifeworld and creates the necessary conditions for any possible economic activity. In any social sphere, each social system has its own logic of calculating success, but each time this calculation involves respecting and protecting the basic values for this system. In everyday life we observe numerous deviations from this clear and transparent logic of the ethics of responsibility, which create the illusion of its dysfunction. Similarly, insincere and inconsistent adherence to declared beliefs can give the wrong impression of the whole ethics of conviction. It is these deviations from the intrinsic integrity of the ethics of responsibility and the ethics of persuasion that create the false impression of them as mutu- ally exclusive behavioral strategies. In their conscientious pursuit, the ethics of conviction and the ethics of responsibility complement each other. The formalism of the ethics of responsibility makes sense only for a stricter and more impartial protection of the values that are important to the adherents of this ethic. This formalism is a denial only of all other, irrelevant values, and not a designation of responsibility for a particular ethical commitment as a value-empty, indifferent form. Weber points to the prospect of recognition as a path to a collective ethic of responsibility in its positive sense — as a conscious commitment by a community of like-minded people to commit to values that are significant to them.
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de Voogt, Alex, Nathan Epstein, and Laurie Linders. "Duru Calculations and the Understanding of Mancala Expertise." Journal of Cognition and Culture 15, no. 3-4 (August 26, 2015): 374–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12342156.
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Duru or rounds are a central aspect of calculating moves in a group of mancala games. It is shown that the ability to calculate multiple duru is a prerequisite to mancala (bao) expertise in Zanzibar, while duru-related optimization strategies explain the accomplishments of Maldivian mancala (ohvalhu) players. Since bao masters define duru calculation skills as part of bao expertise, their performance on duru calculation tasks is contrasted with that of novice players. The results show that only game-specific duru calculation skills distinguish novices from master players. Maldivian players of ohvalhu solved their mancala game by identifying a winning opening. Their optimization strategy includes a minimization of the number of duru for a move choice. Duru calculations have a central role in our understanding of mancala expertise and both game-specific and general aspects of duru inform us about problem-solving and decision-making processes of mancala experts.
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Threlfall, John. "MENTAL CALCULATION STRATEGIES." Research in Mathematics Education 2, no. 1 (April 2000): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14794800008520069.
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Pavlova, O. Y. "MONEY: THEIR MODES OF SIGNIFICATION AND VISUALIZATION IN THE NEW MEDIA SITUATION." UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no. 1 (6) (2020): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2020.1(6).16.
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The article is devoted to the study of the process of money circulation in the transformations of cultural practices. The role of money in the hierarchy of cultural practices in the emergence of new media, their status in the production of media products in general, and media images, in particular, is investigated. An analysis is made of the historical retrospective of the money genesis, as well as their particular historical forms of mate- rialization in the visual and semiotic aspects. It is argued that such a basic modern function of money as a measure of value and universal equiva- lent is not universal and timely. The de-differentiated form of cultural practice of gift-exchange, which precedes and inherits the calculative model of mind and world as an arithmetic problem, involves the representative role of money in the process of constructing an image. The specificity of incorporating money into the network of cultural practices and even certain types of social hierarchies determines their kind of materialization, referencing and visualization. The methodology of cultural research is aimed at revealing patterns of correlation of material, semiotic and visual dimensions of money circulation. So far the world was turning itself into "an arithmetic problem", the abstraction of quantitative measurement of money serves as the basis for the dominance of instrumental rationality, where the restoration of the magic of gifted money required additional effort to put through. With the transformation of media production strategies (the emergence of new media, the cheapening of micro-financing, the mass production, the metamorphosis of the status and image of the manufacturer), the semiotics of money is changing. The meaning of money in the hierarchy of socio-cultural practices in the process of digitization of cultural products does not disappear, but decreases. In the situation of new media, the calculation of money becomes again an internal moment of gift-exchange of the images measured by the sight (viewing, likes and reposts). This tendency has not become definitively dominant, but indicators of its realization are already obvious. The corresponding signification mod of symbolism (S. Lash's term) is forming. That is, the de-differentiation of the signified, the signifier and the refer- ent of money are included in the production of media-images, which represent a new form of ordering of cultural practices.
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Berquier, Roger, and Delphine Gibassier. "Governing the “good citizen” and shaping the “model city” to tackle climate change." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 10, no. 4 (September 13, 2019): 710–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-02-2018-0038.
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Purpose Cities are key actors in the fight against climate change. They have developed integrated strategies harnessing the power of information and communication technologies (ICT) as part of the move towards smart(er) cities. In spite of our knowledge of the role of technological infrastructure in tackling climate change, the role of governance mechanisms to actively pursue environmental sustainability is often understated. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse governmentality mechanisms developed by a small town in Europe to render energy savings and new energy sources visible and to create new identities with which the citizen and other cities could then identify with, thereby participating in the fight against climate change. Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered through non-participant observation, interviews and access to internal data from the city’s energy control project. Findings The outcome of these governmentality mechanisms was to create two new identities: the “good citizen”, responsible to lower his impact on climate change, and the “model city”, a laboratory that would serve as a guide for future policies to tackle climate change at the city level. While the “model city” was successful and identification happened with other small cities taking example from it, the “good citizen” failed and inhabitants did not identify with this role model that was defined for them as a way to participate in the fight against climate change. Practical implications This case study is a concrete example, based on a longitudinal study, of a city’s strategy and actions on climate change. Other small cities will be able to use this case study to gauge their possibilities for action on climate change. Notably, it is an example of how a network of mechanisms can achieve results in CO2 emissions reduction. It also demonstrates the difficulty to enrol citizens into an environmental sustainability scheme. Social implications This paper has implications for how climate change can be tackled in rural areas by small cities. While the role of organizations and large cities (e.g. C40 city network) has been acknowledged, there is a possibility for smaller local actors to act upon grand challenges with local strategies and their own governmentality mechanisms. Originality/value The case study contributes to the literature on cities, bringing new insights into how they can become actors of climate change beyond acting on internal controls, and the literature on governmentality by demonstrating how mechanisms can act upon a population without being calculative.
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Putra, Cokorda Gde Bayu. "SIMULASI PERHITUNGAN ACTIVITY BASED COSTING SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENENTUAN HARGA POKOK PRODUK." Widya Akuntansi dan Keuangan 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32795/widyaakuntansi.v2i1.540.
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Competition in the manufacturing industry encourages various companies to think about strategies for determining the cost of production that is appropriate and accurate. The accurate calculation of the cost of production has an impact on determining an increasingly competitive selling price. This article tries to describe how companies engaged in convection to calculate the cost of production based on Activity Based Costing. The method used in this article is a qualitative method by calculating case studies on quantitative paradigm and comparing the calculation of conventional production costs with Activity Based Costing calculations. This study was conducted at PT. Tirtha Bulan Bali, a garment that carries out production based on the order method.Through this article, it is produced that Activity Based Costing produces cost of production more accurate because overhead costs are charged to products using more cost drivers both unit and non-unit based.
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Pernía-Espinoza, A., F. J. Martínez-de-Pisón, E. Martínez-de-Pisón, and J. Blanco. "Analysis of rail cooling strategies through numerical simulation with instant calculation of thermal expansion coefficient." Revista de Metalurgia 46, no. 4 (August 30, 2010): 308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.0911.
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Zhou, Changfeng, and Huan Cai. "Optimal Hedging Strategies for Natural Gas." International Journal of Economics and Finance 12, no. 8 (June 20, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v12n8p1.
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This study examines the optimal hedge performance between natural gas market and crude oil, ECO, gold and US-bonds markets. To calculate optimal hedge ratios and hedging effectiveness, we apply several multivariate volatility models, namely CCC, DCC, cDCC and bayesDCC. The empirical results show that crude oil is the best asset to hedge natural gas followed by gold and ECO. This is a new result relative to the existing literature on natural gas prices. Additionally, we find that the bayesDCC model has the best performance on optimal hedge ratios (OHRs) calculation in terms of hedging effectiveness. Our findings will hold important financial risk management implications and asset portfolio for those invest in natural gas market.
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Mkasiwa, Tausi Ally. "Budgetary practices in a Tanzanian University: Bourdieu's theory." Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 32, no. 3 (May 14, 2020): 399–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-08-2019-0119.
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PurposeThis paper explores budgetary practices in a Tanzanian university after decentralization.MethodologyData were collected through interviews, document analysis, and observation. Moreover, Bourdieu's theory was used in open and axial coding procedures for data analysis.FindingsThe findings show that decentralized budgeting was a disillusionment. Administrators failed to transfer financial authority to resource recipients. Budgetary practices were shaped by the social structure/budget cycle (field), resources possessed by budgetary actors (capital) and the sincerity patterns of actors in budgetary practices (habitus). Most resource recipients had insincerity in budgeting habitus deploying subversive strategy, while the minority had sincerity in budgeting habitus, deploying submissive strategy. On the other hand, administrators had sincerity and insincerity in budgeting habitus, deploying conservative strategy.Practical implicationsIn order to enhance effective decentralization, resource recipients should be provided with adequate financial resources and budgeting skills. Furthermore, they should be trusted and recognized. Moreover, in order to shape budgeting strategies and practices towards achieving organizational objectives, managements should identify and work on internal, external and technical budgetary constraints. In addition, they should promote sincerity in budgeting habitus as habitus can be created, altered, and reproduced through knowledge.Originality/ValueThis is the first paper to investigate budgetary practices in a university setting, employing all Bourdieu's six theoretical concepts. It contributes to Bourdieu's theory by introducing a submissive strategy. In addition, it introduces “episteme” concept as the opposite of “doxa.” Moreover, the paper responds to the call by Deering and Sá (2018) to investigate what guides budgetary practices in a university setting. The paper has also demonstrated the role of approval organs and subordinates which were neglected in prior studies. It proposes a theory of budgetary practice in a University setting when budgeting is decentralized. It thus responds to the call to investigate and theorize the role of actors in calculative practices (such as budgeting) in a University setting (Argento et al., 2020; Aleksandrov, 2020; Grossi et al., 2020; Ozdil and Hoque, 2017).
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Farhan, Syed Ahmad, Nasir Shafiq, Khairun Azizi Azizli, Usman Aminu Umar, and Syed Shujaa Safdar Gardezi. "Embodied Carbon of Buildings: Tools, Methods and Strategies." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.565.
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Embodied carbon can be defined as the “CO2emissions produced during the extraction of resources, transportation, manufacture, assembly, disassembly and end-of-life disposal of a product”. Calculation of the carbon footprint of buildings is important to promote the construction of low-carbon buildings that release significantly less CO2compared to conventional buildings. However, researchers and practitioners in this area tend to disregard the embodied carbon and pay more attention to the operational carbon when calculating the carbon footprint of buildings. This paper reviews the current state and trend of research on the embodied carbon of buildings with focus on the tools, methods and strategies employed and makes recommendations for future research direction.
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Burtnyak, Ivan, and Anna Malytska. "Taylor expansion for derivative securities pricing as a precondition for strategic market decisions." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 1 (March 13, 2018): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(1).2018.22.
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The strategy of managing the pricing processes, in particular managing the dynamics of the price of the underlying asset and its volatility, the prices of indices, shares, options, the magnitude of financial flows, in the method of calculating the company’s rating based on the available quotations of securities, is developed. The article deals with the study of pricing and calculating the volatility of European options with general local-stochastic volatility, applying Taylor series methods for degenerate diffusion processes. The application of this idea requires new approaches caused by degradation difficulties. Price approximation is obtained by solving the Cauchy problem of partial differential equations diffusion with inertia, and the volatility approximation is completely explicit, that is, it does not require special functions. If the payoff of options is a function of only x, then the Taylor series expansion does not depend on t and an analytical expression of the fundamental solution is considerably simplified. Applied an approach to the pricing of derivative securities on the basis of classical Taylor series expansion, when the stochastic process is described by the diffusion equation with inertia (degenerate parabolic equation). Thus, the approximate value of options can be calculated as effectively as the Black-Scholes pricing of derivative securities. On the basis of the solved problem, it is possible to calculate their turns step-by-step. This enables to predict the dynamics of the pricing of derivatives and to create a strategy of behavior at options according to the passage of the process. For each approximation, price volatility is calculated, which makes it possible to take into account all changes in the market and to calculate possible situations. The step-by-step finding of the change in yield and volatility in the relevant analysis enables us to make informed strategic decisions by traders in the financial markets.
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Lukinskiy, Valery, and Vladislav Lukinskiy. "Evaluation of Stock Management Strategies Reliability at Dependent Demand." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ttj-2017-0006.
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Abstract For efficiently increasing the logistic systems, the core specialists’ attention has to be directed to reducing costs and increasing supply chains reliability. A decent attention to costs reduction has already been paid, so it can be stated that in this way there is a significant progress. But the problem of reliability evaluation is still insufficiently explored, particularly, in such an important sphere as inventory management at the dependent demand. In the article there is a suggested methodical approach that allows calculating the safety stock quantity at the dependent demand in view of supply chains reliability requirements; the variants for different inventory management strategies at the dependent demand are examined; optimal strategy choice algorithm and results of total costs calculation in view of the reliability are given.
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Rosenberg-Lee, Miriam, Marsha C. Lovett, and John R. Anderson. "Neural correlates of arithmetic calculation strategies." Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 9, no. 3 (September 2009): 270–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/cabn.9.3.270.
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Threlfall, John. "Strategies and flexibility in mental calculation." ZDM 41, no. 5 (July 2, 2009): 541–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11858-009-0195-3.
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Pujiarti, Intan, Djoko Koestiono, Anisa Aprilia, and Riska Ayu Febriana. "RISK CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR RED CHILI SEED PRODUCTION." Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 4, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 298–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v4i2.5296.
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The purposes of this study were to identify risk components, determine the priority of risk components and formulate a strategy for controlling priority risk components at each stage of the red pepper seed production process. Fuzzy FMEA (Failure Mode Effects Analysis) and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) were used in this study. The findings of the study showed that production risk has 15 risk components from 6 variables. The highest risk components for each of the red chilli seed production processes, namely, failure in the nursery, seedlings die after planting, changing weather conditions, rotten chilli, damage to the seed release machine and chilli seed moisture content are not according to the standard. AHP calculation results obtained the highest value weighting on the criteria, namely maintenance. An alternative control strategy that has the highest weighting value was caring and maintaining the production environment.
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Łukaszewski, Artur, Łukasz Nogal, and Sylwester Robak. "Weight Calculation Alternative Methods in Prime’s Algorithm Dedicated for Power System Restoration Strategies." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 6063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226063.
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In self-healing grid systems, high utility in the use of greedy algorithms is observed. One of the most popular solutions is based on Prim’s algorithm. In the computation, the power grid is represented as a weighted graph. This paper presents a few possibilities of calculation of the numerical weight of a branch of the graph. The proposition of a modified edge weight calculation based on active power belongs to this group. The other solutions are novel subalgorithms bounded by real power, reactive power, and normalized factor. This factor is a mathematical combination of active and reactive power multiplied by influence coefficients. Requirements necessary for a power system are applied in the considered algorithms. Each of these proposed algorithms includes the power source limits, voltage level at busbars, and power system transmission features, such as transmission lines rated currents and power losses. All mentioned methods were compiled into separate algorithms, which can be used to compute graph model parameters. A simulation model based on Prim’s algorithm was prepared to compare the suitability of presented concepts. All weights of the subalgorithms were compared to each other. That is why different power system restoration strategies may require various methods of calculating weights of the graph’s branches.
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Luo, Wenbo, Dianzhi Liu, Weiqi He, Weidong Tao, and Yuejia Luo. "Dissociated brain potentials for two calculation strategies." NeuroReport 20, no. 4 (March 2009): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0b013e328323d737.
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Wendel, H. "Optimal pivot strategies for load-flow calculation." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 9, no. 2 (April 1987): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-0615(87)90027-5.
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Janocha, H., and D. Schmidt. "Requirements for inertial sensor systems for measuring robot positions." Robotica 8, no. 2 (April 1990): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700007724.
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SummaryInertial Measurement Systems (IMS) allow the position calculation of moving objects without requiring outside information. For years the inertial 3-D coordinate measuring technique has been subject to intense research in geodesy and autonomous navigation of land-, water-and airborne vehicles. Because of these areas of application inertially-based systems have been designed for long term measuring only. Here we discuss the requirements that are imposed on inertial sensors in order for them to be used for the calculation of positions of robots. The use of modern sensor technology, combined with strategies for error correction, can result in substantial advantages when calculating robot positions independently from load and environment.
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Higgott, Oscar, Daochen Wang, and Stephen Brierley. "Variational Quantum Computation of Excited States." Quantum 3 (July 1, 2019): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2019-07-01-156.
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The calculation of excited state energies of electronic structure Hamiltonians has many important applications, such as the calculation of optical spectra and reaction rates. While low-depth quantum algorithms, such as the variational quantum eigenvalue solver (VQE), have been used to determine ground state energies, methods for calculating excited states currently involve the implementation of high-depth controlled-unitaries or a large number of additional samples. Here we show how overlap estimation can be used to deflate eigenstates once they are found, enabling the calculation of excited state energies and their degeneracies. We propose an implementation that requires the same number of qubits as VQE and at most twice the circuit depth. Our method is robust to control errors, is compatible with error-mitigation strategies and can be implemented on near-term quantum computers.
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Baskent, E. Z., and G. A. Jordan. "Spatial wood supply simulation modelling." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 610–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67610-6.
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Conventional wood supply simulation models have been found inadequate in both calculating true assessments of wood supply and in translating management strategies into on-the-ground management design. These models treat forests as aspatial entities and are unable to include economic and wildlife considerations in management design and calculation of wood supply. This paper presents and discusses the design and construction of a GIS-based (geographic information system) spatial wood supply model. The model uses geographic distribution of stand development types and stages and their change over time to control harvesting and calculate wood supply based on extraction economics ($/m3) and wildlife habitat values (opening size and green-up). The paper points out that: a spatial model is capable of producing harvest schedules and forest performance indicators that reflect geographic context as well as condition of stands; a GIS database is more important in spatial modelling than GIS technology; harvest blocks are the basic geographic element in spatial modelling; a spatial model provides a truer assessment of wood supply; and stand topology makes it relatively easy to integrate wildlife and timber management. Key words: Timber, wildlife, forest management, GIS, simulation model, wood supply
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Luneva, N. N., and N. G. Evdokimova. "Features of Risk Management at Petrochemical Enterprises and Oil Refining." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 625, no. 3 (2021): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/0023-1169-2021-625-3-4-9.
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The paper presents an analysis of risk factors at petrochemical and oil refining enterprises in general. Using the example of the petrochemical company Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat LLC, a flowchart of the risk management process is presented, which allows you to determine possible strategies and recommendations for reducing them. The calculation of the efficiency indicators of the development and implementation of the new technology in three variants is carried out on the example of bitumen production in Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat LLC. The sensitivity analysis method is used to calculate the NPV indicator for changes in the main risk factors – capital costs, price, cost of production and volume of production. It is shown that all variants of technologies are very sensitive to changes in the price of products sold and their cost and are quite resistant to factors of production volume and the level of investment. A method for calculating the efficiency indicators of the introduction and risk assessment of new technologies at oil refining and petrochemical enterprises is proposed, which will allow taking into account the peculiarities of risk management in a multi-variant scenario of technical projects.
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Betsch, Cornelia, Robert Böhm, and Gretchen B. Chapman. "Using Behavioral Insights to Increase Vaccination Policy Effectiveness." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2, no. 1 (October 2015): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732215600716.
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Even though there are policies in place, and safe and effective vaccines available, almost every country struggles with vaccine hesitancy, that is, a delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination. Consequently, it is important to understand the determinants of individual vaccination decisions to establish effective strategies to support the success of country-specific public health policies. Vaccine refusal can result from complacency, inconvenience, a lack of confidence, and a rational calculation of pros and cons. Interventions should, therefore, be carefully targeted to focus on the reason for non-vaccination. We suggest that there are several interventions that may be effective for complacent, convenient, and calculating individuals whereas interventions that might be effective for those who lack confidence are scarce. Thus, efforts should be concentrated on motivating the complacent, removing barriers for those for whom vaccination is inconvenient, and adding incentives and additional utility for the calculating. These strategies might be more promising, economic, and effective than convincing those who lack confidence in vaccination.
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Fitriani, Novi, and Deddy Priatmodjo Koesrindartoto. "Proposed Business Strategy for XYZ Consultant Company to Financial Improvement Through Acquisition Strategy." European Journal of Business and Management Research 6, no. 2 (March 5, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.2.559.
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XYZ is a university with the best reputation in Indonesia which has 12 companies engaged in consulting services (construction and non-construction)). The proportion of ownership in this business varies from 20% to 99.99%. This business has several companies that are inefficient and unhealthy because operating costs are greater than revenue. In addition, in 2019, this consulting company experienced a decrease in revenue by 7.11% while the cost of goods sold increased by 7.45%. This study aims to select which companies have good and healthy performance, create new and effective business strategies for the best performing companies, and develop sustainable business and new competitive advantages. This research methodology is qualitative using secondary data in the form of annual financial reports from 12 companies for 2015-2019, websites and other information media. External analysis in this study using macroeconomics, PEST, Porter's Five Forces, and Benchmark Analysis. While the internal analysis uses Financial Ratio Analysis and Altman-Z Score. The tools used to obtain business solutions and strategies from the XYZ consulting firm case are Business Level Formulations, Business Level Strategies, Functional Strategies, and Implementation Strategies. One of the strategies that the author applies in this case is by implementing an acquisition strategy
After analyzing and calculating using the Financial Ratio and Altman-Z Score of 12 companies, the result shows that there are only 7 companies that have good and healthy performance so that they are included in the "safe zone" category with a discriminant zone Z> 2.99. The acquisition strategy was created by combining these companies. The first step is to evaluate each company, then calculate the acquisition to find out the synergy value of the acquisition to compare the value when the acquisition was made and what was not. The calculation results show that the company's FCFF accumulation after the next 10 years on 2030, In the event of an acquisition is IDR 124,131,871,981.11. Meanwhile, if there is no acquisition is IDR 117,285,044,723.00. So that we know there have added value of the synergy IDR 6,846,827,258.11.
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Ludwig, Donald. "Forest management strategies that account for short-term and long-term consequences." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-075.
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This paper presents a method to calculate the long-term effects of forest management decisions for an age-structured forest. The calculation of such effects is required to assess the sustainability and indeed the rationality of forest harvesting strategies. The primary focus of this paper is the issue of "falldown", i.e., the decrease in timber available for harvesting due to lack of large old trees. The largest net discounted economic returns are obtained by rapid harvesting (mining) of old growth. However, in the longer term the consequences of a decrease in harvest volume on local communities can be devastating. How can this conflict between short-term and long-term interests be reconciled? I consider a variety of strategies that vary in their sensitivity to the effects of falldown, and I present some pilot calculations that illustrate a method to weigh the consequences of following these strategies.
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Bortoluzzi, Mateus Possebon, Paulo Ivonir Gubiani, Arno Bernardo Heldwein, Roberto Trentin, Jocélia Rosa da Silva, Astor Henrique Nied, and Alencar Junior Zanon. "Water balance for determination of excess water in soybean cultivated in lowland soils." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 16, no. 3 (May 11, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2614.
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The aim of this study was to derive a methodology for calculating a sequential water balance that accurately estimates the occurrence of excess water in soybeans cultivated in lowlands. We tested four calculation strategies of water balance associated with the simulation of soybean development, which differed on the calculation of rainfall and time of water drainage from the soil macropores. Data of volumetric moisture monitored in three soil layers throughout the soybean cycle in the 2014/15 agricultural year were used as a reference. Microporosity was used as a lower limit for the occurrence of excess water in the area. Excess water was considered to be whenever the daily volumetric soil moisture in the 0-100 mm layer was greater than 0.39 mm3 mm-3. Over the 111 days of measurement, soil moisture indicated the presence of excess water in 38 days. The traditional calculation strategy of water balance underestimated the occurrence of excess water, as well as the other strategies that considered effective precipitation in their formulas. The calculation strategy that considers that all the rainfall infiltrates in the soil and that the water from macropores is removed only by crop evapotranspiration exhibited good performance and indicated 35 days of excess water, being the most appropriate and recommended for determining excess water in lowland soybeans.
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Saragih, Hoga, Indra Sulistyo Wibowo, and Wisnu Darjono Tulodo Utomo. "Design Simulation Program of Runway Capacity Using Genetic Algorithm At Soekarno-Hatta Airport." CommIT (Communication and Information Technology) Journal 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2011): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/commit.v5i1.552.
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The purposes of this research are to calculate the capacity of runway with runway capacity simulation software using Genetic Algorithm, and to analyze the efforts which have more profound effect.The result of the hourly runway capacity with the mathematical calculation is 42 operations for arrival only, 110 operations for departure only and 64 operations for mix. To enhance the runway capacity, some strategies are researched, such as reduction of separation to meet criteria set by FAA’s rule, addition of the exit taxiway, addition of the runway according to master plan of Soekamo-Hatta Airport and changing the runway utilization strategies. Out of the four strategies, the most efficient solution is changing the runway utilization strategies (with capacity increase of 35,9 %) and reduction in separation (with capacity increase of 34,4 %). However, the addition of runway has the highest capacity increase, that is 53,9 %..Key Words: genetic algorithm, simulation, runway capacity.
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Fischer, Igor, Ann-Christin Nickel, Nan Qin, Kübra Taban, David Pauck, Hans-Jakob Steiger, Marcel Kamp, et al. "Different Calculation Strategies Are Congruent in Determining Chemotherapy Resistance of Brain Tumors In Vitro." Cells 9, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 2689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9122689.
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In cancer pharmacology, a drug candidate’s therapeutic potential is typically expressed as its ability to suppress cell growth. Different methods in assessing the cell phenotype and calculating the drug effect have been established. However, inconsistencies in drug response outcomes have been reported, and it is still unclear whether and to what extent the choice of data post-processing methods is responsible for that. Studies that systematically examine these questions are rare. Here, we compare three established calculation methods on a collection of nine in vitro models of glioblastoma, exposed to a library of 231 clinical drugs. The therapeutic potential of the drugs is determined on the growth curves, using growth inhibition 50% (GI50) and point-of-departure (PoD) as the criteria. An effect is detected on 36% of the drugs when relying on GI50 and on 27% when using PoD. For the area under the curve (AUC), a threshold of 9.5 or 10 could be set to discriminate between the drugs with and without an effect. GI50, PoD, and AUC are highly correlated. The ranking of substances by different criteria varies somewhat, but the group of the top 20 substances according to one criterion typically includes 17–19 top candidates according to another. In addition to generating preclinical values with high clinical potential, we present off-target appreciation of top substance predictions by interrogating the drug response data of non-cancer cells in our calculation technology.
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M. Hutsaliuk, Oleksii, Oksana V. Yaroshevska, Nataliia M. Shmatko, Inna V. Kulko-Labyntseva, and Alla S. Navolokina. "Stakeholder approach to selecting enterprise-bank interaction strategies." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 3 (August 12, 2020): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(3).2020.04.
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Stakeholder theory dominates in revealing the features of the stakeholders’ influence on various entities; however, only few studies rely on it in the field of enterprises that select banks as financial partners. Considering the enterprise-bank relationship from the stakeholder theory perspective, this paper represents an approach to selecting strategies for interaction with this stakeholder type.The proposed approach includes the following steps: determining the interaction objectives for enterprises and banks; specifying and comparing potential partners; ranking banks to justify the chosen partner/partners for interaction; and selecting interaction strategies and forming the content of the behavior patterns inherent in enterprises (offensive or negotiation strategies). The criteria for choosing a strategy include the objectives of the interaction between enterprises (providing comprehensive services or satisfying individual financial needs) and their financial status that determines the interest of banks in partnership.The application of the proposed methodology for calculating rating indicators and the respective bank ranking showed that 18% of the banks included in the studied list of reliable Ukrainian banks have a high level of innovation activity and an acceptable level of banking service costs for business customers (that is, they implement a customer-oriented policy). Therefore, to receive comprehensive banking services combined with high or medium levels of banks’ interest in interaction, the paper recommends enterprises to choose a large-scale offensive strategy or a large-scale negotiation strategy, respectively.The stakeholder theory, as well as consideration of the criteria defined in the paper, will allow enterprises to choose interaction strategies that meet their needs for financial services and harmonize the interests of partners.
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Silva, Angelica da Fontoura Garcia, Susana Maris França da Silva, and Maria Elisa Esteves Lopes Galvão. "Reflexões e conhecimentos evidenciados por professores que estudam área de figuras planas." Zetetike 28 (December 18, 2020): e020029. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/zet.v28i0.8652733.
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This study aims to discuss and understand the process of (re)significance of teachers’ professional knowledge based on discussions and reflections carried out by a group of teachers who teach mathematics for the initial years of the elementary education. The teachers studied how to calculate the area of plane figures using squared arrays. This study is based on Zeichner’s and Serrazina’s research to discuss the reflection on the practice and, in Ball, Thames, and Phelps, to analyse the (re) significance of the knowledge of the professionals involved. The data analysed were collected during the group meetings at the school where the participants taught. Through the analyses of the discussions held, we could observe that the teachers expanded their common and specialised content knowledge, mainly in relation to the strategies to calculate area, and started using reconfiguration of the figures and formulas of area more assertively. Mutual support allowed them to identify their own needs and then modify their analyses of the strategies for area calculation to be adopted.
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Leeper, Ronald D., Michael A. Palecki, and Egg Davis. "Methods to Calculate Precipitation from Weighing-Bucket Gauges with Redundant Depth Measurements." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 32, no. 6 (June 2015): 1179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-14-00185.1.
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AbstractThe U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) monitors precipitation using a well-shielded Geonor T-200B gauge. To ensure the quality and continuity of the data record, the USCRN adopted an innovative approach to monitor precipitation using redundant technology: three vibrating-wire load sensors measuring the liquid depth of a weighing-bucket gauge. In addition to detecting and flagging suboptimally operating sensors, quality assurance (QA) approaches also combine the redundant observations into a precipitation measurement. As an early adopter of this technology, USCRN has pioneered an effort to develop QA strategies for such precipitation systems.The initial USCRN approach to calculating precipitation from redundant depth observations, pairwise calculation (pairCalc), was found to be sensitive to sensor noise and gauge evaporation. These findings led to the development of a new approach to calculating precipitation that minimized these nonprecipitation impacts using a weighted average calculation (wavgCalc). The two calculation approaches were evaluated using station data and simulated precipitation scenarios with a known signal. The new QA system had consistently lower measures of error for simulated precipitation events. Improved handling of sensor noise and gauge evaporation led to increases in network total precipitation of 1.6% on average. These results indicate the new calculation system will improve the quality of USCRN precipitation measurements, making them a more reliable reference dataset with the capacity to monitor the nation’s precipitation trends (mean and extremes). In addition, this study provides valuable insight into the development and evaluation of QA systems, particularly for networks adopting redundant approaches to monitoring precipitation.
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Liu, Peng Fei, Huajie Yin, Huai Qin Fu, Meng Yang Zu, Hua Gui Yang, and Huijun Zhao. "Activation strategies of water-splitting electrocatalysts." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 20 (2020): 10096–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta01680b.
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This review summarizes recent progress in calculation prediction, operando characterization and advanced synthesis to extract and illustrate electrocatalyst activation principles that are widely applicable to guide new catalyst discovery.
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Fanget, Muriel, Catherine Thevenot, Caroline Castel, and Michel Fayol. "Retrieval from Memory or Procedural Strategies for Addition Problems." Swiss Journal of Psychology 70, no. 1 (January 2011): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000036.
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In this study, we used a paradigm recently developed ( Thevenot, Fanget, & Fayol, 2007 ) to determine whether 10-year-old children solve simple addition problems by retrieval of the answer from long-term memory or by calculation procedures. Our paradigm is unique in that it does not rely on reaction times or verbal reports, which are known to potentially bias the results, especially in children. Rather, it takes advantage of the fact that calculation procedures degrade the memory traces of the operands, so that it is more difficult to recognize them when they have been involved in the solution of an addition problem by calculation rather than by retrieval. The present study sharpens the current conclusions in the literature and shows that, when the sum of addition problems is up to 10, children mainly use retrieval, but when it is greater than 10, they mainly use calculation procedures.
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Suzuki, Masayuki, and Shin’ichi Ichikawa. "The effects of instruction about strategies for efficient calculation." Japanese journal of psychology 87, no. 2 (2016): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.87.15310.
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Lohse, Konrad, Martin Chmelik, Simon H. Martin, and Nicholas H. Barton. "Efficient Strategies for Calculating Blockwise Likelihoods Under the Coalescent." Genetics 202, no. 2 (December 29, 2015): 775–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.115.183814.
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WU, Fengfeng, Song JIA, Qinglong MENG, Shigong LV, Yuan WANG, and Dacheng ZHANG. "Improved CRC Calculation Strategies for 64-bit Serial RapidIO." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E96.C, no. 10 (2013): 1330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transele.e96.c.1330.
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