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Journal articles on the topic 'Calderas Geology Geology, Economic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Mueller, W. U., J. Stix, P. L. Corcoran, and R. Daigneault. "Subaqueous calderas in the Archean Abitibi greenstone belt: An overview and new ideas." Ore Geology Reviews 35, no. 1 (March 2009): 4–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2008.12.003.

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2

Rosera, Joshua M., Sean P. Gaynor, and Drew S. Coleman. "Spatio-Temporal Shifts in Magmatism and Mineralization in Northern Colorado Beginning in the Late Eocene." Economic Geology 116, no. 4 (June 1, 2021): 987–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4815.

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Abstract Magmatism in northern Colorado beginning in the late Eocene is associated with the formation of Pb-Zn-Ag carbonate-replacement and polymetallic vein deposits, the onset of caldera-forming magmatism, and eventually, the formation of rift-related, F-rich Mo porphyries (“Climax-type” intrusions). We use high-precision U/Pb zircon geochronology to better evaluate the temporal framework of magmatism and mineralization in the region. Our results demonstrate that mineralization in the Leadville area occurred between 43.5 and 39.7 Ma and was followed by mesothermal mineralization in the Montezuma area at approximately 38.7 Ma. Mineralization is associated with a suite of approximately 43 to 39 Ma intermediate magmatic centers that extended from Twin Lakes through Montezuma. The oldest porphyries associated with F-rich Mo prospects and deposits (Middle Mountain; 36.45 Ma) intruded 900 kyr after the start of the ignimbrite flare-up in the region. Spatiotemporal analyses reveal that the pattern of magmatism shifted in orientation between 40 and 35 Ma. We propose a model wherein magmatism before 39 Ma was the result of fluids evolved from the subducted Farallon slab being focused through weak zones in the lithospheric mantle and into the lower crust. This was followed by a more diffuse and higher power melting event that corresponds to a distinct change in the spatial patterns of magmatism. Our data suggest that low-grade Mo porphyry deposits can form close in time to calderas. We hypothesize that the transition from subduction to extensional tectonics in the region was responsible for this more widespread melting and a distinct shift in the style of magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization.

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3

Hwang, Sang Koo, Young Woo Son, Seung Hwan Seo, and Weon-Seo Kee. "Collapse Type and Processes of the Geumosan Caldera in the Southern Gumi, Korea." Economic and Environmental Geology 54, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9719/eeg.2021.54.1.35.

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4

Keith, Manuel, Karsten M. Haase, Florian Häckel, Ulrich Schwarz-Schampera, Reiner Klemd, Mark Hannington, Harald Strauss, Timothy McConachy, and Melissa Anderson. "Trace element fractionation and precipitation in submarine back-arc hydrothermal systems, Nifonea caldera, New Hebrides subduction zone." Ore Geology Reviews 135 (August 2021): 104211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104211.

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5

Mauri, Guillaume, Alwi Husein, Adriano Mazzini, Karyono Karyono, Anne Obermann, Guillaume Bertrand, Matteo Lupi, Hardi Prasetyo, Soffian Hadi, and Stephen A. Miller. "Constraints on density changes in the funnel-shaped caldera inferred from gravity monitoring of the Lusi mud eruption." Marine and Petroleum Geology 90 (February 2018): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.06.030.

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6

Johnston, David, Brad Scott, Bruce Houghton, Douglas Paton, David Dowrick, Pilar Villamor, and John Savage. "Social and economic consequences of historic caldera unrest at the Taupo volcano, New Zealand and the management of future episodes of unrest." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 35, no. 4 (December 31, 2002): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.35.4.215-230.

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In 1998, changes in a number of indicators (earthquakes and uplift) at two of New Zealand's active volcanic caldera systems (Okataina and Taupo) resulted in increased public, local and central government awareness and some concern about the potential significance of volcanic unrest at a caldera volcano. This paper summarises the episodes of unrest recorded at Taupo caldera since 1895. There have been four significant events (1895, 1922, 1963-64 and 1983) that have included earthquake activity and ground deformation. Caldera unrest is one of the most difficult situations the volcanological and emergency management communities will have to deal with. There is potential for adverse social and economic impacts to escalate unnecessarily, unless the event is managed appropriately. Adverse response to caldera unrest may take the form of the release of inappropriate advice, media speculation, unwarranted emergency declarations and premature cessation of economic activity and community services. A non-volcanic-crisis time provides the best opportunity to develop an understanding of the caldera unrest phenomena, and the best time to establish educational programmes, funding systems for enhanced emergency response and volcano surveillance and to develop co-ordinated contingency plans.

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7

YOKOYAMA, Hikaru, Masahiro YAHATA, Satoshi OKAMURA, and Hirotsugu NISHIDO. "Volcano-stratigraphy and geological development of Akaigawa Caldera from southwest Hokkaido, Japan." Japanese Magazine of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 32, no. 2 (2003): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2465/gkk.32.80.

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8

Rytuba, James J., Raul J. Madrid, and E. H. McKee. "Relationship of the Cortez Caldera to the Cortez Disseminated Gold Deposit, Nevada." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 25, no. 1-2 (March 1986): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(86)90046-4.

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9

Holmes, D. C., A. E. Pitty, and D. J. Noy. "Geomorphological and hydrogeological features of the Poços de Caldas caldera analogue study sites." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 45, no. 1-3 (November 1992): 215–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(92)90126-s.

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10

Somma, Renato, Daniela Blessent, Jasmin Raymond, Madeline Constance, Lucy Cotton, Giuseppe De Natale, Alessandro Fedele, et al. "Review of Recent Drilling Projects in Unconventional Geothermal Resources at Campi Flegrei Caldera, Cornubian Batholith, and Williston Sedimentary Basin." Energies 14, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 3306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113306.

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Unconventional geothermal resource development can contribute to increase power generation from renewable energy sources in countries without conventional hydrothermal reservoirs, which are usually associated with magmatic activity and extensional faulting, as well as to expand the generation in those regions where conventional resources are already used. Three recent drilling experiences focused on the characterization of unconventional resources are described and compared: the Campi Flegrei Deep Drilling Project (CFDDP) in Italy, the United Downs Deep Geothermal Power (UDDGP) project in the United Kingdom, and the DEEP Earth Energy Production in Canada. The main aspects of each project are described (geology, drilling, data collection, communication strategies) and compared to discuss challenges encountered at the tree sites considered, including a scientific drilling project (CFDDP) and two industrial ones (UDDGP and DEEP). The first project, at the first stage of pilot hole, although not reaching deep supercritical targets, showed extremely high, very rare thermal gradients even at shallow depths. Although each project has its own history, as well as social and economic context, the lessons learned at each drilling site can be used to further facilitate geothermal energy development.

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11

MIYOSHI, Masaya, Toshiaki HASENAKA, Yasushi MORI, and Shigeru YAMASHITA. "Origin of compositional heterogeneity within Tochinoki andesitic lava flow from the western part of Aso caldera." Japanese Magazine of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 36, no. 1 (2007): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2465/gkk.36.15.

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12

de Silva, Shanaka. "Arc magmatism, calderas, and supervolcanoes." Geology 36, no. 8 (2008): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/focus082008.1.

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13

Jiang, Chengxin, Brandon Schmandt, Jamie Farrell, Fan-Chi Lin, and Kevin M. Ward. "Seismically anisotropic magma reservoirs underlying silicic calderas." Geology 46, no. 8 (July 12, 2018): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g45104.1.

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14

SMITH, PETER J. "On restless calderas." Geology Today 5, no. 5 (September 1989): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2451.1989.tb00658.x.

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15

EVANS, ROBERT J., SIMON A. STEWART, and RICHARD J. DAVIES. "The structure and formation of mud volcano summit calderas." Journal of the Geological Society 165, no. 4 (July 2008): 769–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492007-118.

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16

Hughes, G. R., and G. A. Mahood. "Silicic calderas in arc settings: Characteristics, distribution, and tectonic controls." Geological Society of America Bulletin 123, no. 7-8 (February 4, 2011): 1577–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b30232.1.

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17

Hardy, Stuart. "Structural evolution of calderas: Insights from two-dimensional discrete element simulations." Geology 36, no. 12 (2008): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g25133a.1.

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18

Seropian, Gilles, and John Stix. "Monitoring and forecasting fault development at actively forming calderas: An experimental study." Geology 46, no. 1 (November 16, 2017): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g39551.1.

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19

Hughes, Gwyneth R., and Gail A. Mahood. "Tectonic controls on the nature of large silicic calderas in volcanic arcs." Geology 36, no. 8 (2008): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g24796a.1.

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20

Rose, William I. "Historical Unrest at Large Calderas of the World. C. A. Newhall , D. Dzurisin." Journal of Geology 97, no. 5 (September 1989): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/629345.

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21

Lucchi, F., A. Peccerillo, C. A. Tranne, P. L. Rossi, M. L. Frezzotti, and C. Donati. "Chapter 7 Volcanism, calderas and magmas of the Alicudi composite volcano (western Aeolian archipelago)." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 37, no. 1 (2013): 83–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m37.7.

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22

Lira-Beltrán, R. Marcela, Gerardo González-Barba, José Luis Macías, Azucena Solis-Añorve, Felipe García-Tenorio, Laura García-Sánchez, and Susana Osorio-Ocampo. "Fauna de tiburones y rayas de la Formación Tirabuzón (Plioceno) en el Cañón El Álamo, sierras de La Reforma – El Aguajito, Baja California Sur, México." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 37, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 40–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2020.1.1421.

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En el presente trabajo presentamos los resultados de un estudio estratigráfico y paleontológico de nuevas localidades fosilíferas encontradas en el sustrato de las calderas La Reforma y El Aguajito, ubicadas aproximadamente a 30 km al norte de la población de Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur, México. La sucesión sedimentaria estudiada se correlaciona con la Formación Tirabuzón del Plioceno de la cuenca de Santa Rosalía y forma parte del sustrato sedimentario de las calderas pleistocénicas. Una de las secciones más completas se encuentra expuesta en el cañón El Álamo y consiste en una sucesión de arenisca limosa de color naranja, conglomerado con abundantes fósiles de dientes de tiburón y rayas, un depósito volcánico basal y limolita de color amarillo ocre, las cuales en este trabajo se agruparon en tres unidades: 1) arenisca-limolita naranja, 2) depósito volcánico basal y 3) limolita Cimarrón. El material fósil estudiado consiste en 500 ejemplares de dientes individuales de elasmobranquios (macrodientes) que se extrajeron in situ. Para la localidad de El Álamo reportamos 19 taxa de tiburones y siete de rayas, siendo así el primer reporte de una fauna de Batoideos para la Formación Tirabuzón. La misma sucesión litológica y fósil fue encontrada en otras cinco localidades: Corkscrew Hill, Santa María, Cueva Amarilla, El Morro Prieto y El Gringo, en donde reportamos la presencia de Hemipristis Serra, así como Otodus megalodon y Parotodus benedeni para la localidad de Corkscrew Hill. Sobreyaciendo discordantemente a la unidad limolita Cimarrón se encuentra la ignimbrita Cueva Amarilla de la Formación Infierno fechada en 2.4 Ma. Estas nuevas localidades son una herramienta para poder correlacionar la Formación Tirabuzón hasta la porción noroccidental de la Caldera El Aguajito. El ensamblaje faunístico reportado corresponde a un ambiente marino somero de plataforma continental de aguas tropicales de edad Plioceno medio-superior.

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23

Pistolesi, Marco, Roberto Isaia, Paola Marianelli, Antonella Bertagnini, Céline Fourmentraux, Paul G. Albert, Emma L. Tomlinson, Martin A. Menzies, Mauro Rosi, and Alessandro Sbrana. "Simultaneous eruptions from multiple vents at Campi Flegrei (Italy) highlight new eruption processes at calderas." Geology 44, no. 6 (May 12, 2016): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g37870.1.

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24

Lipman, P. W., and W. C. McIntosh. "Eruptive and noneruptive calderas, northeastern San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Where did the ignimbrites come from?" Geological Society of America Bulletin 120, no. 7-8 (July 1, 2008): 771–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b26330.1.

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25

Knight, Charles L. F., Heng Hu, Michael D. Glascock, and Stephen A. Nelson. "OBSIDIAN SUB-SOURCES AT THE ZARAGOZA-OYAMELES QUARRY IN PUEBLA, MEXICO: SIMILARITIES WITH ALTOTONGA AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION THROUGHOUT MESOAMERICA." Latin American Antiquity 28, no. 1 (March 2017): 46–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2016.2.

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We present data produced through archaeological and geological survey, as well as geochemical analysis of the Zaragoza-Oyameles obsidian source area located on the northern and western flanks of the Los Humeros Caldera in eastern Puebla, Mexico. One result of the intensive archaeological surface survey of this obsidian source area was the identification of 117 obsidian flow-band exposures. Geologic samples from 40 of these were submitted for instrumental neutron activation analysis. Eighty-five projectile points collected from the surface were characterized using portable X-ray fluorescence. These analyses identified three sub-sources: Z-O1, Potreros Caldera, and Gomez Sur. The Gomez Sur sub-source appears chemically similar to the previously identified Altotonga source, located 25 km to the northeast. Results of the geological survey help elucidate the relationship of Altotonga obsidian with the Zaragoza-Oyameles source area. The data from the three sub-sources are compared to all consumer site data attributed to the Zaragoza-Oyameles source in the Missouri University Research Reactor database. Results indicate that the majority of consumer samples throughout Mesoamerica match the Z-O1 sub-source, while 4 percent match the Potreros Caldera sub-source. This information, combined with the Gomez Sur data, is discussed in terms of economic relations with the regional center of Cantona. Obsidian procurement and distribution may have been more nuanced than previously modeled. We suggest that a number of potentially independent communities in addition to Cantona may have been involved in distributing this obsidian throughout Mesoamerica.

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26

Bodyuk, A. V. "ASSIGNMENTS RESEARCH ECONOMIC GEOLOGY." Geological Journal, no. 3 (September 15, 2010): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30836/igs.1025-6814.2010.3.219207.

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27

Exton, Brian John. "Exploring Geology on the World-Wide Web - Economic Geology." Journal of Geoscience Education 46, no. 4 (September 1998): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-46.4.398.

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28

Best, Myron G., Sherman Gromme, Alan L. Deino, Eric H. Christiansen, Garret L. Hart, and David G. Tingey. "The 36–18 Ma Central Nevada ignimbrite field and calderas, Great Basin, USA: Multicyclic super-eruptions." Geosphere 9, no. 6 (December 2013): 1562–636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges00945.1.

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29

Bindeman, Ilya N., Kathryn E. Watts, Axel K. Schmitt, Lisa A. Morgan, and Pat W. C. Shanks. "Voluminous low δ18O magmas in the late Miocene Heise volcanic field, Idaho: Implications for the fate of Yellowstone hotspot calderas." Geology 35, no. 11 (2007): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g24141a.1.

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30

Goldfarb, R. J., D. Bradley, and D. L. Leach. "Secular Variation in Economic Geology." Economic Geology 105, no. 3 (May 1, 2010): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.459.

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31

Jébrak, Michel, and Patrice Christmann. "From Economic to Social Geology." SEG Discovery, no. 111 (October 1, 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/segnews.2017-111.fea.

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32

Crumpler, L. S., James W. Head, and Jayne C. Aubele. "Calderas on Mars: characteristics, structure, and associated flank deformation." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 110, no. 1 (1996): 307–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1996.110.01.24.

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33

Leat, Philip T., and Teal R. Riley. "Chapter 3.1a Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands: volcanology." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 55, no. 1 (2021): 185–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m55-2018-52.

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AbstractThe voluminous continental margin volcanic arc of the Antarctic Peninsula is one of the major tectonic features of West Antarctica. It extends from the Trinity Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands in the north to Alexander Island and Palmer Land in the south, a distance ofc.1300 km, and was related to east-directed subduction beneath the continental margin. Thicknesses of exposed volcanic rocks are up toc.1.5 km, and the terrain is highly dissected by erosion and heavily glacierized. The arc was active from Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous times until the Early Miocene, a period of climate cooling from subtropical to glacial. The migration of the volcanic axis was towards the trench over time along most of the length of the arc. Early volcanism was commonly submarine but most of the volcanism was subaerial. Basaltic–andesitic stratocones and large silicic composite volcanoes with calderas can be identified. Other rock associations include volcaniclastic fans, distal tuff accumulations, coastal wetlands and glacio-marine eruptions.Other groups of volcanic rocks of Jurassic age in Alexander Island comprise accreted oceanic basalts within an accretionary complex and volcanic rocks erupted within a rift basin along the continental margin that apparently predate subduction.

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34

Best, Myron G., Eric H. Christiansen, Alan L. Deino, Sherman Gromme, Garret L. Hart, and David G. Tingey. "The 36–18 Ma Indian Peak–Caliente ignimbrite field and calderas, southeastern Great Basin, USA: Multicyclic super-eruptions." Geosphere 9, no. 4 (August 2013): 864–950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges00902.1.

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35

de Vita, Sandro, Fabio Sansivero, Giovanni Orsi, and Enrica Marotta. "Cyclical slope instability and volcanism related to volcano-tectonism in resurgent calderas: The Ischia island (Italy) case study." Engineering Geology 86, no. 2-3 (August 2006): 148–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.02.013.

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36

Wilch, T. I., W. C. McIntosh, and K. S. Panter. "Chapter 5.4a Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land: volcanology." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 55, no. 1 (2021): 515–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m55-2019-39.

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AbstractNineteen large (2348–4285 m above sea level) central polygenetic alkaline shield-like composite volcanoes and numerous smaller volcanoes in Marie Byrd Land (MBL) and western Ellsworth Land rise above the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and comprise the MBL Volcanic Group (MBLVG). Earliest MBLVG volcanism dates to the latest Eocene (36.6 Ma). Polygenetic volcanism began by the middle Miocene (13.4 Ma) and has continued into the Holocene without major interruptions, producing the central volcanoes with 24 large (2–10 km-diameter) summit calderas and abundant evidence for explosive eruptions in caldera-rim deposits. Rock lithofacies are dominated by basanite and trachyte/phonolite lava and breccia, deposited in both subaerial and ice-contact environments. The chronology of MBLVG volcanism is well constrained by 330 age analyses, including 52 new40Ar/39Ar ages. A volcanic lithofacies record of glaciation provides evidence of local ice-cap glaciation at 29–27 Ma and of widespread WAIS glaciation by 9 Ma. Late Quaternary glaciovolcanic records document WAIS expansions that correlate to eustatic sea-level lowstands (MIS 16, 4 and 2): the WAIS was +500 m at 609 ka at coastal Mount Murphy, and +400 m at 64.7 ka, +400 m at 21.2 ka and +575 m at 17.5 ka at inland Mount Takahe.

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37

Kampf, Anthony R. "A Closer Look at : S260 Geology (Discovering Geology)." Rocks & Minerals 76, no. 2 (March 2001): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357520109603208.

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38

Henry, Christopher D., and David A. John. "Magmatism, ash-flow tuffs, and calderas of the ignimbrite flareup in the western Nevada volcanic field, Great Basin, USA." Geosphere 9, no. 4 (August 2013): 951–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges00867.1.

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39

Lipman, Peter W., and Matthew J. Zimmerer. "Magmato-tectonic links: Ignimbrite calderas, regional dike swarms, and the transition from arc to rift in the Southern Rocky Mountains." Geosphere 15, no. 6 (September 30, 2019): 1893–926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02068.1.

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Abstract Radial and linear dike swarms in the eroded roots of volcanoes and along rift zones are sensitive structural indicators of conduit and eruption geometry that can record regional paleostress orientations. Compositionally diverse dikes and larger intrusions that radiate westward from the polycyclic Platoro caldera complex in the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field (southwestern United States) merge in structural trend, composition, and age with the enormous but little-studied Dulce swarm of trachybasaltic dikes that continue southwest and south for ∼125 km along the eastern margin of the Colorado Plateau from southern Colorado into northern New Mexico. Some Dulce dikes, though only 1–2 m thick, are traceable for 20 km. More than 200 dikes of the Platoro-Dulce swarm are depicted on regional maps, but only a few compositions and ages have been published previously, and relations to Platoro caldera have not been evaluated. Despite complications from deuteric alteration, bulk compositions of Platoro-Dulce dikes (105 new X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses) become more mafic and alkalic with distance from the caldera. Fifty-eight (58) new 40Ar/39Ar ages provide insight into the timing of dike emplacement in relation to evolution of Platoro caldera (source of six regional ignimbrites between 30.3 and 28.8 Ma). The majority of Dulce dikes were emplaced during a brief period (26.5–25.0 Ma) of postcaldera magmatism. Some northeast-trending dikes yield ages as old as 27.5 Ma, and the northernmost north-trending dikes have younger ages (20.1–18.6 Ma). In contrast to high-K lamprophyres farther west on the Colorado Plateau, the Dulce dikes are trachybasalts that contain only anhydrous phenocrysts (clinopyroxene, olivine). Dikes radial to Platoro caldera range from pyroxene- and hornblende-bearing andesite to sanidine dacite, mostly more silicic than trachybasalts of the Dulce swarm. Some distal andesite dikes have ages (31.2–30.4 Ma) similar to those of late precaldera lavas; ages of other proximal dikes (29.2–27.5 Ma) are akin to those of caldera-filling lavas and the oldest Dulce dikes. The largest radial dikes are dacites that have yet younger sanidine 40Ar/39Ar ages (26.5–26.4 Ma), similar to those of the main Dulce swarm. The older andesitic dikes and precaldera lavas record the inception of a long-lived upper-crustal magmatic locus at Platoro. This system peaked in magmatic output during ignimbrite eruptions but remained intermittently active for at least an additional 9 m.y. Platoro magmatism began to decline at ca. 26 Ma, concurrent with initial basaltic volcanism and regional extension along the Rio Grande rift, but no basalt is known to have erupted proximal to Platoro caldera prior to ca. 20 Ma, just as silicic activity terminated at this magmatic locus. The large numbers and lengths of the radial andesitic-dacitic dikes, in comparison to the absence of similar features at other calderas of the San Juan volcanic locus, may reflect location of the Platoro system peripheral to the main upper-crustal San Juan batholith recorded by gravity data, as well as its proximity to the axis of early rifting. Spatial, temporal, and genetic links between Platoro radial dikes and the linear Dulce swarm suggest that they represent an interconnected regional-scale magmatic suite related to prolonged assembly and solidification of an arc-related subcaldera batholith concurrently with a transition to regional extension. Emplacement of such widespread dikes during the late evolution of a subcaldera batholith could generate earthquakes and trigger dispersed small eruptions. Such events would constitute little-appreciated magmato-tectonic hazards near dormant calderas such as Valles, Long Valley, or Yellowstone (western USA).

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40

Pride, Douglas E. "Ores and minerals: Introducing economic geology." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54, no. 5 (May 1990): 1526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90180-s.

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41

Masaytis, V. L. "THE ECONOMIC GEOLOGY OF IMPACT CRATERS." International Geology Review 31, no. 9 (September 1989): 922–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206818909465945.

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42

Mucha, Jacek. "Department of Economic and Mining Geology." Geology, Geophysics & Environment 42, no. 2 (2016): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geol.2016.42.2.223.

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43

Smith, R. E. "Lateritic bauxites. Developments in economic geology." Geoderma 58, no. 1-2 (August 1993): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(93)90091-x.

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44

Martí, Joan, Luigi Solari, Josep Maria Casas, and Martim Chichorro. "New late Middle to early Late Ordovician U–Pb zircon ages of extension-related felsic volcanic rocks in the Eastern Pyrenees (NE Iberia): tectonic implications." Geological Magazine 156, no. 10 (April 3, 2019): 1783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819000116.

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AbstractPre-Variscan basement rocks from the Pyrenees provide evidence of several magmatic episodes with complex geodynamic histories from late Neoproterozoic to Palaeozoic times. One of the most significant episodes, consisting of several granitic and granodioritic bodies and volcanic rocks, mostly pyroclastic in nature, dates from the Late Ordovician period. In the Eastern Pyrenees, this magmatism is well represented in the Ribes de Freser and Núria areas; here, the Núria orthogneiss and the Ribes granophyre, both dated at c. 457–460 Ma, seem to form a calc-alkaline plutonic suite emplaced at different crustal levels. The presence of numerous pyroclastic deposits and lavas interbedded with Upper Ordovician (Sandbian–lower Katian, formerly Caradoc) sediments, intruded by the Ribes granophyre, suggests that this magmatic episode also generated significant volcanism. Moreover, the area hosts an important volume of rhyolitic ignimbrites and andesitic lavas affected by Alpine deformation. These volcanic rocks were previously attributed to late Variscan volcanism, extensively represented in other areas of the Pyrenees. Here we present the first five laser-ablation U–Pb zircon dates for this ignimbritic succession and two new ages for the Ribes granophyre. The ages of the ignimbrites, overlapping within error, are all 460 Ma, suggesting a genetic relationship between the plutonic and volcanic rocks and indicating that the Sandbian–Katian magmatism is much more voluminous than reported in previous studies, and possibly includes mega-eruptions linked to the formation of collapse calderas.

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Sillitoe, Richard H. "Geology and geochemistry of epihermal systems, Reviews in Economic Geology, vol. 2." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51, no. 1 (January 1987): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90023-8.

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46

Barker, Simon J., Michael C. Rowe, Colin J. N. Wilson, John A. Gamble, Shane M. Rooyakkers, Richard J. Wysoczanski, Finnigan Illsley-Kemp, and Charles C. Kenworthy. "What lies beneath? Reconstructing the primitive magmas fueling voluminous silicic volcanism using olivine-hosted melt inclusions." Geology 48, no. 5 (February 27, 2020): 504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47422.1.

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Abstract Understanding the origins of the mantle melts that drive voluminous silicic volcanism is challenging because primitive magmas are generally trapped at depth. The central Taupō Volcanic Zone (TVZ; New Zealand) hosts an extraordinarily productive region of rhyolitic caldera volcanism. Accompanying and interspersed with the rhyolitic products, there are traces of basalt to andesite preserved as enclaves or pyroclasts in caldera eruption products and occurring as small monogenetic eruptive centers between calderas. These mafic materials contain MgO-rich olivines (Fo79–86) that host melt inclusions capturing the most primitive basaltic melts fueling the central TVZ. Olivine-hosted melt inclusion compositions associated with the caldera volcanoes (intracaldera samples) contrast with those from the nearby, mafic intercaldera monogenetic centers. Intracaldera melt inclusions from the modern caldera volcanoes of Taupō and Okataina have lower abundances of incompatible elements, reflecting distinct mantle melts. There is a direct link showing that caldera-related silicic volcanism is fueled by basaltic magmas that have resulted from higher degrees of partial melting of a more depleted mantle source, along with distinct subduction signatures. The locations and vigor of Taupō and Okataina are fundamentally related to the degree of melting and flux of basalt from the mantle, and intercaldera mafic eruptive products are thus not representative of the feeder magmas for the caldera volcanoes. Inherited olivines and their melt inclusions provide a unique “window” into the mantle dynamics that drive the active TVZ silicic magmatic systems and may present a useful approach at other volcanoes that show evidence for mafic recharge.

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Dobretsov, N. L., M. M. Buslov, A. N. Vasilevskiy, S. M. Zhmodik, and A. V. Kotlyarov. "First Results and Prospects of a New Approach to the Study of Active Geologic Processes by Space and Ground Instrumental Measurements (by the Example of Kamchatka and the Central Asian Orogenic Belt)." Russian Geology and Geophysics 62, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 44–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/rgg20204227.

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Abstract ––The use of satellite-geological information permits generalization of studies of various active geologic processes in a new way. As reference examples, we consider geologic regions extensively covered by research with our contribution. The joint use of satellite images, maps of gravity anomalies, and seismic-tomography data for Kamchatka made it possible to construct 3D models of surficial and deep-seated (depths from 10–50 to 650 km) volcanic structures. For young volcanosedimentary structures of Kamchatka, it is possible to trace the interaction of various processes, from crystallization of magmas in magma chambers to ore and oil formation in calderas. Ancient tectonic structures and superposed Cenozoic deformations in the Tien Shan, Altai, and Baikal regions are clearly displayed in satellite images and on maps of gravity anomalies. The long-range impact of the Indo-Eurasian collision on the Tien Shan, Altai, and Baikal regions was expressed as shearing, which resulted in the most contrasting structures in the zones of junction of regional faults and along the framing of cratonal structures. The active structures of Gorny Altai contain numerous travertines, whose abundance is correlated with seismic activity. The mass formation of methane and gas hydrates in Lake Baikal might be related to mantle plume fluids.

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Broughton, Paul L. "Economic geology of southern Saskatchewan potash mines." Ore Geology Reviews 113 (October 2019): 103117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103117.

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Malunga, G. W. P., and L. S. Kalindekafe. "Geology and economic potential of Malawi carbonatites." Journal of African Earth Sciences 32, no. 1 (January 2001): A25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(01)90050-8.

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50

GUILBERT, J. M. "100 years of economic geology and GSA." Geological Society of America Bulletin 100, no. 6 (June 1988): 811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0811:yoegag>2.3.co;2.

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