Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Caléfaction'
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Bouillant, Ambre. "Dynamiques spontanées en caléfaction." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IPPAX015.
Full textThis work focuses on the Leidenfrost effect. A water drop placed on a hot substrate levitates on a cushion of its own vapor. This vapor layer, continuously renewed, insulates the liquid both mechanically and thermally : it limits evaporation and suppresses boiling. Levitation has other consequences on the liquid. It prevents the liquid from wetting its substrate, giving it the appearance of a liquid pearl, while producing a frictionless situation and giving ii a high mobility.We first discuss the conditions that allow a drop to levitate above a hot substrate, in particular the threshold in temperature. Then, we adopt a dynamic point of view by detailing the three phases of the life of a Leidenfrost drop. Above a certain size, vapor accumulates and forms a thin liquid dome with remarkable stability. Temperature differences on that pure liquid film induce upward surface flows that select the thickness and oppose the film thinning.For smaller volume, liquid oscillations spontaneously and sporadically appear. The mechanism leading to the liquid stars is elucidated: the vapor film has it natural frequency. The vapor cushion oscillations excite the overlying liquid. The drop acts as a resonant cavity and thus responds for some quantified radius by oscillating according to the mode locked by the intrinsic forcing. By further reducing the radius, the liquid acquires spectacular mobility. A Leidenfrost drop hosts strong internal flows, whose symmetry is selected by confinement. Evaporation induces morphological changes and triggers a symmetry breaking. A droplet rolls asymmetrically, which rectifies and tilts its base. This leads to motion and contributes to the spectacular mobility of Leidenfrost droplets. Two strategies to control these elusive globules are eventually proposed, inspired by the work on self-propulsion on surfaces covered with asymmetric teeth. Directional movement is forced by applying a temperature gradient and by gradually texturing the substrate.The evaporation-driven confinement induces various dynamics that illustrate the richness of this system, where phase changes as well as thermal, aerodynamic and hydrodynamic effects conspire to generate new and exploitable properties
Le, Merrer Marie. "Dissipation aux interfaces : caléfaction, sillages, filaments visqueux." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00537896.
Full textHIMBERT-BIANCE, Anne-Laure. "Gouttes inertielles : de la caléfaction à l'étalement." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009730.
Full textHimbert-Biance, Anne-Laure. "Gouttes inertielles : de la caléfaction à l'étalement." Paris 6, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009730.
Full textBesnard, Clémence. "Elaboration de composites céramiques oxyde/oxyde par caléfaction." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0162/document.
Full textNowadays, oxide/oxide composites are most of the time developed by sintering, sol-gel process or CVI (Chemical Vapor Infiltration). These techniques include many steps of synthesis leading to a long time of synthesis and possible deteriorations of the properties of the composite. This thesis focuses on an original and rapid process developed by French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA): the film boiling chemical vapor infiltration. This technique is already used to synthesize C/C and C/SiC composites but works have never focused on oxide/oxide composites. The main goal of this thesis is to synthesize oxide/oxide composites by film boiling chemical vapor infiltration. Works were focused on alumina, silica and barium aluminosilicate matrices. Several experimental parameters were studied: temperature, time and liquid precursor. Microstructural and physicochemical characterizations were done on composites. Several modifications of the experimental setup have been made in order to allow a better reproducibility of the tests and a better thermal monitoring
Ehlinger, Quentin. "Impacts de gouttes en caléfaction sur substrat localement texturés." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1122/document.
Full textThe presented work deals with drop impacts in Leidenfrost regime. In such a case, the drop is thermally and mechanically isolated from the overheated substrate by a thin vapor layer. Viscous friction can therefore be neglected. The substrates are shaped with localized micrometric textures. We rediscover a self-similar spreading regime at short times. We characterize covering regimes of a single defect by the drop. Those regimes are driven by the ratio between lamella thickness and defect thickness. Defects give rise to excrescences in their wake, whose dynamic can be approached by two inertial-capillary recoil models. One is valid at short times and the other at longer times. In the case of several defects, we break up the lamella from different sites according to the ratio between defect width and lamella thickness. We numerically predict, with a tessellation algorithm, the pattern on which the fluid is localized at the end of the fragmentation. Through more complex textures, we can channel the drop spreading. The spreading is increased in the directions of the channels. One can also inhibit the spreading with circular textures. The textures affect the time before drop rebound. We exhibit a general and unique dependency between time before rebound and maximal spreading. This dependency is valid when textures increase the spreading as well as when they inhibit it
Belorgey-Beaugrand, Sandrine. "Etude du procédé de densification rapide par caléfaction pour l'élaboration de composites carbone-carbone." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE2027.
Full textThe Rapid Densification is a suitable process for the elaboration of carbon-carbon composites. Compared to the classical Chemical Vapour Infiltration process, it offers a gain in time, while the obtained materials are the same quality. The aim of the present work is to improve the understanding of the phenomena occurring in this process. The study is applied to the densification of Novoltex preforms, from SNECMA. It is demonstrated that carbon deposition takes place within a calefaction film, and that the formation of a mosaic texture as a deposit can be avoided with the use of a Gore Tex fabric. The observed phenomena are explained in terms of stabilization of the calefaction film in the porous medium. Heterogeneities in the pyrocarbon deposit are related to the pore surface area/pore volume ratio (As/Vr). A parametric study shows that working under pressure enhance the carbon yield, the densification rate, and the homogeneity of the pyrocarbon texture
Dalili, Djmachid. "Quelques phénomènes frontières en physique des ions lourds : caléfaction nucléaire et fission à haute excitation." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112110.
Full textIn this work we investigate new phenomena which can be observed in Heavy Ion reactions at bombarding energies between 20 and 50 MeV/u. In reactions induced by a Kr beam at 35 and 22 MeV/u we have found fragments with a kinetic energy and a mass substantially smaller than the one of the projectile. We propose a possible interpretation for their occurrence: they could be produced in a kind of nuclear calefaction phenomenon. Such a mechanism would take place because of the mean field which still plays an important role at these bombarding energies and which modifies the usual participant-spectator picture familiar at higher bombarding energies. The stability against fission of the high temperature and rapidly rotating nuclei produced in such reactions is then studied within the framework of the Thomas Fermi and Hartree Fock approximations. The fission barrier decreases with increasing temperature and angular momentum and the stability limit of the 205At nucleus is investigated
Bricard, Patrick. "Modélisation de l'ébullition sous-saturée et de la crise d'ébullition par caléfaction en convection forcée." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0434.
Full textKlein, Christian. "Etude du procédé de densification par caléfaction de composites C/C, modélisation, optimatisation du contrôle et du bilan énergétique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0231.
Full textThis work has been carried out in the frame of the study of an industrial process for the manufacturing of carbon/carbon (C/C) composite aircraft brake discs. A porous preform made of carbon fibres is immersed in a liquid precursor and is heated by Radio-Frequency electromagnetic induction. The boiling precursor enters the porous preform and yields a carbon deposit in the hottest zones; this deposit will be the carbon matrix of the composite. A physico-chemical process model is proposed in the aim of ensuring its control and optimisation. The work consisted in developing a numerical solver coupling electromagnetic induction heating with heat, mass and species balances accounting for boiling, diffusion and chemical deposition reactions. The model includes the complete electrical circuit of the heating device: it therefore allows real-time, non-destructive monitoring of the infiltration progress through the evolution of the electrical properties. An original formulation has been designed to simultaneously describe the liquid, the gas and the boiling zone; it has been implemented in a commercial Finite Element software package and validated physically with respect to experimental data, with a good agreement. Finally, the simulation software has been used to propose directions for process improvements, through alterations of the inductive heating device geometry or of the heating power supply program
Lorriaux, Amandine. "Élaboration par caléfaction de revêtements carbone, oxycarbure et carbure pour des composites à matrice céramique à vocation aéronautique et nucléaire." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0170/document.
Full textThe growth of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) in the fields of aeronautic, spatial and nuclear pushes the development of new material and associated processes in order to answer to the tough requirements in this business sectors. Fabrication cost savings, in particular, has helped these improvements. In this aim, the LTCS has contributed to develop an original and alternative device for the synthesis of CMC’s interphases and matrices : the “film boiling densification”.This PhD as for key objective the study of original precursors for PyC and Si-O-C fabrication using this process. This manuscript is divided into two experimental parts dedicated to : i) the fabrication of carbon coatings from alcohols and ii) the fabrication of Si-O-C coatings from silylated precursors.The diverse characterization technics coupled to the numerous experiments permitted to connect the coatings structure and/or the chemical composition to the experimental parameters (precursor, temperature,duration). Optimal conditions were found for the preparation of high quality PyC from alcohols.For Si-O-C system, it is show that structure and chemical composition depends on experimental conditions
Kirstetter, Geoffroy. "Contrôle et dynamique d'objets capillaires : impact d'un jet sur un film liquide et effet d'un champ électrique sur une goutte en caléfaction." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069383.
Full textSoto, Dan. "Non-wetting drops : from impacts to self-propulsion." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066627/document.
Full textWe investigate through several experiments the special dynamics generated by non-wetting objects.On a substrate textured with grooves forming a herringbone pattern, a Leidenfrost levitating liquid is propelled: the textures channel the vapor flow in a well-defined direction so that the slider above is driven by vapor viscosity. These deformable objects undergo very little friction on flat surfaces. However, on crenelated substrates, impacts on the texture sides greatly enhance dissipation. We extend this entrainment scenario to other situations where the liquid (and its deformable nature) is not involved anymore. A solid plate can levitate over a porous substrate through which air is blown. Again, escaping flow can be rectified by the textures and entrain the plate, leading to translation movement or even to rotation. If we create deeper channels (hence losing flow confinement), we observe motion in the opposite direction due to “rocket effect” (conservation of momentum). We are also interested in an extreme non-wetting situation: the falling drop. Indeed, all along the fall, the drop only experiences air drag friction, easily reaching high speeds. We tackle the problem of the dramatic issue of this fall: the impact. We first study the impact of a drop on a sieve. In this situation intermediate between a solid wall and no obstacle at all, mass either passes through the holes or gets stopped by the closings. We then focus on the impact force experienced by the substrates and characterize the force as a function of the drop and impact properties, but also of the nature of the solid on which impact takes place
Nadeau, Nathalie. "Modélisation mathématique et numérique d'un front de densification lors de l'élaboration d'un matériau composite carbone/carbone par un procédé par caléfaction (CVI)." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12937.
Full textBourrianne, Philippe. "Non-mouillant et température : application aux revêtements culinaires." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066745/document.
Full textWater flows inside a river due to extremely low slopes whereas a millimetric raindrop generally sticks on its substrate. This thesis investigates problematics induced by liquid-solid adhesion as regards the cooking device application. We study superhydrophobic substrate whose both chemistry and roughness promote anti-adhesion. We describe the anti-adhesive behaviour in temperature. First, because of condensation through the porous media, the adhesion rises with temperature before vapour bubbles nucleate below the drop. Then, the production of vapour generates a lack of contact. Thus, adhesion decreases until the liquid levitates on its own vapour. We describe this phenomenon known as the Leidenfrost effect. We especially discuss the critical Leidenfrost temperature and its origin. Superhydrophobic coatings promote Leidenfrost effect at remarkably low temperature close to cooking typical one. Finally, those results are compared to two strategies used in cooking: hydrophobic anti-adhesive coatings and lubrication by oil. Some lubricant-infused substrates are investigated
Raux, Pascal. "Interfaces mobiles : friction en mouillage nul et dynamiques de fronts." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00945753.
Full textLastakowski, Henri. "Impacts de gouttes sur coussins d'air : surfaces super-hydrophobes, chaudes ou mobiles." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00991489.
Full textSerre, Aurélie. "Développement du procédé de densification rapide appliqué au carbure de silicium." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2004/document.
Full textThe current Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) manufacturing processes used at the industrial scale are slow and consequently expensive. In light of this, the fast densification process, also called the film-boiling process, essentially known to produce carbon deposit up to now, reduces significantly the processing time which seems to be promising. This study was focused on the film-boiling process development in order to manufacture carbides which are materials with good properties at high temperature, and especially to synthetize silicon carbide (SiC). In this aim, a laboratory-made equipment was developed, set-up and adapted to the needs of our study. The first tests were done with the methyltrichlorosilane (MTS), precursor widely used for SiC CVD/CVI. Characterizations of the deposits showed the formation of SiC but also the occurrence of carbon. Pure SiC can be locally obtained at the beginning of the film-boiling process in some specific experimental conditions. For most of the experiments, the use of pure MTS as precursor leads inevitably to the formation of free carbon in the SiC deposit. Several improvement routes were proposed and tested to remove this carbon excess. Some of the efficient and promising routes have consisted in the use of MTS mixed with a silicon precursor free of carbon and the use of two non-chlorinated SiC precursors, CVD 4000 liquid precursor and hexamethyldisilane. The deposit growth rates were significantly superior with the film-boiling process compared to the classical processes. All the data show that the film-boiling process is promising for the manufacturing of SiC and new carbide materials
Lagubeau, Guillaume. "Interfaces à grains, et autres situations de mouillage nul." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00555816.
Full textDekeyrel, Alixe. "Mise au point d’un procédé d’élaboration rapide de composites Carbone/Carbone haute densité." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14017/document.
Full textHigh density Carbon/Carbon composites are usually prepared by chemical vapor impregnation or by liquid pitch impregnation under high pressure (100 MPa). As these processes are complex and costly, an alternative moderate pressure (P < 10 MPa) impregnation process may be attractive, provided the densification yield is strongly improved. This doctoral work proposes an original process, including a pre-densification step, which leads to a significant increase of the C/C composite final density. Essential characteristics of pitches, various parameters influencing liquid pitch densification and processes for the pre-densification step are determined from bibliographical study. Consistent changes of the different physico-chemical characteristics are observed throughout the evolution of pitches to graphitic carbon, under moderate pressure. This experimental study on matrix precursors leads to the selection of a particular pitch as substitute of A240 pitch and to the determination of a specific pyrolysis procedure under moderate pressure. Influence of porous network in preforms on the pitch behaviour during densification is outlined by the comparison of densification yields in both an orthogonal 3D preform and a needled preform. Hybrid densification processes (with film-boiling process, powder impregnation, mesophasic pitch impregnation) are evaluated through the final density and the microstructure of elaborated composites. High density C/C composites, with an apparent density higher than 1.80 g.cm-3 and an open porosity lower than 15%, have been prepared from a pre-densified needled preform, after four densification cycles with liquid isotropic pitch, under moderate pressure. Thermal properties measurements on these C/C composites confirm the strong relationship between microstructure and thermal conductivity. It seems possible to tailor the macroscopic properties of C/C composites, thanks to hybrid carbonaceous matrices
Dupeux, Guillaume. "Propulsion et friction d'objets non mouillants." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00954334.
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