Relevant bibliographies by topics / Calibratori

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Calibratori'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Calibratori"

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Gaines-Das, R. E., A. F. Bristow, and H. Brettschneider. "The effects of common matrices for assay standards on performance of ‘ultra sensitive’ immunometric assays for TSH: Report of a joint WHO/IFCC collaborative study." Journal of Automatic Chemistry 13, no. 5 (1991): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924691000354.

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This report describes the results of a collaborative study organized by a joint working group of the IFCC and WHO and involving nine manufacturers of TSH immunometric assay kits. The study was designed to determine whether a calibrator with a common matrix gives better between-laboratory agreement for calibration of serum samples than the various kit calibrators, and to assess various materials for their suitability for use as common matrices. Kit calibrators, or calibrators consisting of the IRP for TSH made up in two common matrices: (a) serum from patients with untreated thyrotoxicosis or (b) serum taken from subjects treated with suppressive doses of triiodothyronine, gave similar results for the between-laboratory variation of estimates of TSH concentration for a range of serum samples. Dose-response curves for the two calibrators in ‘common’ matrices were similar to one another and to those for the kit calibrator. However, the occurrence of non-specific serum effects is shown by the comparison of results for these calibrators with results for calibrators made up in a third common matrix: serum treated with wheat germ lectin. Dose response curves for this calibrator were dissimilar to those for the other calibrators and between-laboratory variation for estimates in terms of this latter calibrator showed a substantial increase. Moreover, although the between-laboratory variances for estimates of the TSH concentration in terms of each of these calibrators (except those made up in serum treated with the wheat germ lectin) were similar for any one sample from five hyperthyroid patients, the variances were not consistent between samples, even for samples with similar mean TSH concentrations. These results suggest that a major factor in the between-laboratory variation, especially in the region near ‘zero dose’, is sample-related, and is caused by particular samples interacting differently with different assay systems.In general, it would appear that for the well-controlled ‘ultrasensitive’ TSH immunometric assay kits, included in this study, between-laboratory agreement of estimates of the TSH concentration in serum samples is not likely to be substantially improved by use of a common matrix for the standards.
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Caliendo, Angela M., Mona D. Shahbazian, Carl Schaper, Jessica Ingersoll, Deborah Abdul-Ali, Jerry Boonyaratanakornkit, Xiao-Li Pang, Julie Fox, Jutta Preiksaitis, and E. Ralf Schönbrunner. "A Commutable Cytomegalovirus Calibrator Is Required to Improve the Agreement of Viral Load Values between Laboratories." Clinical Chemistry 55, no. 9 (September 1, 2009): 1701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2009.124743.

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Abstract Background: Viral load testing for cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important diagnostic tool for the management of transplant recipients and immunocompromised individuals; however, inconsistency among laboratories in quantitative measurements of viral load limits interinstitutional comparisons. These inconsistencies stem from the lack of assays cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration, the absence of international standards, the wide variety of CMV-extraction and -detection methods, and differences in materials used for calibration. A critical component of standardization is the use of calibrators that are traceable and commutable. Methods: Bland–Altman plots and prediction ellipses were used to test the commutability of 2 CMV calibrators for 2 different quantification methods. Results: Tests with 2 methods showed 1 calibrator to be commutable and the other to be noncommutable. The results for the commutable calibrator were within the 95% prediction interval of the clinical samples in the Bland–Altman plot and within the 95% prediction ellipse for a simulated commutable calibrator, whereas the results for the noncommutable calibrator were not within these prediction intervals. When used to calibrate patient results, only the commutable calibrator, the OptiQuant® CMVtc Calibration Panel, significantly improved the comparability of viral loads for the 2 different measurement methods. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that an important goal in the effort to improve healthcare for patients with CMV-related disease is the establishment of traceable and commutable reference materials, including both calibrators and controls. .
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Hill, R. P. "The Effect of Calibration on the between-Laboratory Variation of Serum Fructosamine." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 25, no. 4 (July 1988): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456328802500422.

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Human pooled serum from diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, and calibrators containing glycated protein or 1-deoxy-1-morpholinofructose (DMF) in a variety of matrices, were distributed to 10 laboratories. When they used their own assay conditions and calibrators, the inter-laboratory variation was unacceptably high. However, when the pool from diabetic patients was reassayed using a calibrator with an assigned value prepared from freeze-dried human serum, and containing no DMF, inter-laboratory variation was reduced significantly. Interlaboratory agreement for the pool from non-diabetic subjects remained poor despite recalibration. Recalibration using either serum or albumin based solutions of DMF as calibrator failed to effect any significant reductions in inter-laboratory variation. Secondary calibrators based on a protein matrix with no added DMF are recommended for routine use.
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Baadenhuijsen, Henk, Ruud Scholten, Hans L. Willems, Cas W. Weykamp, and Rob T. P. Jansen. "A model for harmonization of routine clinical chemistry results between clinical laboratories." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 37, no. 3 (May 1, 2000): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0004563001899230.

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Clinical chemistry laboratory results from different laboratories often show large between-laboratory variation due to factors such as differences in method principles, method applications, calibration procedures or the application of different instrument factor settings within the same calibration procedure. We have examined the possible use of common calibrators to reduce this variation. Three different calibrators were compared: A, freeze-dried preparations of pooled patients' serum samples, spiked to give three concentration levels; B, freeze-dried preparations of pooled patients' serum samples selected on the basis of elevated enzyme activities at three levels; C, a single calibrator consisting of frozen pooled serum samples. These calibrators were sent to 11 participating laboratories together with 14 fresh patients' serum samples. We report the variation of the results of 21 general clinical chemistry analytes obtained in the patients' serum samples before and after recalculation on the basis of the results of the calibrators. For most analytes the use of a multiple point linear regression calibration function is able to reduce the between-laboratory variation considerably from more than 30% (enzymes) to values well within the bias limits set by European quality specifications, when the necessary conditions are met. These conditions include the commutability of the calibrator(s) with fresh patients' material. For the enzymes, calibrator material originating from selectively pooled patients' samples appeared to be necessary, whereas for the substrates selectively pooled serum calibrators spiked with exogenous supplements may be used. For harmonization to be effective in practice, calibrators need to be stable over time and to carry assigned values set by certified reference laboratories, and the quality performance of participating laboratories should be appropriately monitored.
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Lessinger, J. M., J. L. Dourson, and G. Férard. "Importance of standardization of lipase assays by using appropriate calibrators." Clinical Chemistry 42, no. 12 (December 1, 1996): 1979–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/42.12.1979.

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Abstract Comparability of lipase catalytic activities was poor when lipase was determined in 50 patients' specimens by a turbidimetric (Boehringer) and a colorimetric (Sigma) assay. Mean values of results differed by a ratio of 2.39. Optimal common conditions were defined for the titration of lipase activity in two commercial calibrators and in a home-purified preparation of human pancreatic lipase (HPL). When using these titers for each calibrator, comparability was greatly improved (ratio = 1.25). This result indicates that a significant part of between-method discrepancy is due to the lack of a reference method for the titration of lipase calibrators. Intermethod behavior of each material was compared with that of patients' specimens. By using HPL as calibrator, comparability was still dramatically improved (ratio = 1.01). This study shows the importance of the validation of a material for defined routine measurement procedures, before its use as calibrator.
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Duan, Lei, and Yang Zhang. "Optimization Design in Cooling Channels of Calibrator for Plastic Profile Extrusion Based on Numerical Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.677.

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Hot plastic profile produced by extrusion die is cooled down and calibrated by calibrator. Therefore, the cooling and calibrating ability of the calibrator directly influence the quality and output of the profile. The key is to design the distribution of cooling channels in calibrator. By analyzing the heat transfer process during cooling in calibrator, the cooling process of plastic profile in calibrator is simulated. Based on the finite element analysis results, the optimization objective is established to obtain the cooling efficiency and uniformity of each node in the profile cross sections of the calibrators exit and finish the optimization design of the cooling channels positions.
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Adcock, Dorothy, Emily M. Hawes, Suzanne J. Francart, Russell P. Grant, Stephan Moll, and Robert C. Gosselin. "Evaluating the use of commercial drug-specific calibrators for determining PT and APTT reagent sensitivity to dabigatran and rivaroxaban." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 113, no. 01 (January 2015): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th14-04-0361.

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SummarySuitable laboratory methodologies for quantifying the non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOAC) include liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or drug-calibrated assays such as the dilute thrombin time for dabigatran or anti-Xa measurements for rivaroxaban. In situations when these tests are unavailable, it has been suggested that using commercial drug calibrators on APTT and PT assays would theoretically provide reagent sensitivity to these drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether commercial drug calibrators deliver similar reagent sensitivity information as samples from patients receiving dabigatran or rivaroxaban as part of their routine care. Two laboratory sites tested commercial calibrator material for dabigatran and rivaroxaban (Hyphen Biomedical) using PT and APTT reagents and data was compared to samples collected from patients taking NOACs that were quantified by LC-MS/MS. Correlation statistics and calculating the amount of drug required to double the clotting time of normal plasma were performed. All drug calibrator material correlated more strongly (R2> 0.95) for any reagent/drug combination than patient samples (R2 ranged from 0.29–0.86). Dabigatran calibrator results and patient data were equivalent for SynthASil and PTT-A APTT reagents. The dabigatran and rivaroxaban calibrator material over-estimated drug sensitivity for all PT reagents when compared to sensitivity data calculated based on drug levels obtained by LC-MS/MS from patient samples. In conclusion, drug-specific calibrators overestimated reagent sensitivity which may underestimate in vivo drug concentration in a given patient. Further studies are required to assess whether this method of determining relative sensitivity of NOAC on routine coagulation assays should be recommended.
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Hackett, John, Jane Hoff-Velk, Alan Golden, Jeff Brashear, John Robinson, Margaret Rapp, Michael Klass, David H. Ostrow, and Wlodek Mandecki. "Recombinant Mouse-Human Chimeric Antibodies as Calibrators in Immunoassays That Measure Antibodies toToxoplasma gondii." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 5 (1998): 1277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.5.1277-1284.1998.

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In the present study, we examined the feasibility of using recombinant antibodies containing murine variable regions and human constant regions as calibrators or controls in immunoassays. As a model system, we chose the Abbott IMx Toxo immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Toxo IgG assays designed to detect antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. Two mouse monoclonal antibodies were selected based on their reactivity to the T. gondii antigens P30 and P66. Heavy- and light-chain variable-region genes were cloned from both hybridomas and transferred into immunoglobulin expression vectors containing human kappa and IgG1 or IgM constant regions. The constructs were stably transfected into Sp2/0-Ag14 cells. In the IMx Toxo IgG assay, immunoreactivity of the anti-P30 chimeric IgG1 antibody paralleled that of the positive human plasma-derived assay calibrators. Signal generated with the anti-P66 chimeric IgG1 antibody was observed to plateau below the maximal reactivity observed for the assay calibrator. Examination of the IgM chimeric antibodies in the IMx Toxo IgM assay revealed that both the anti-P30 and anti-P66 antibodies matched the assay index calibrator manufactured with human Toxo IgM-positive plasma. When evaluated with patient samples, the correlation between results obtained with the chimeric antibody calibrators and the positive human plasma calibrators was ≥0.985. These data demonstrate that chimeric mouse-human antibodies are a viable alternative to high-titer positive human plasma for the manufacture of calibrators and controls for diagnostic assays.
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Chen, Z., A. Prestigiacomo, and T. A. Stamey. "Purification and characterization of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin: potential reference material for international standardization of PSA immunoassays." Clinical Chemistry 41, no. 9 (September 1, 1995): 1273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.9.1273.

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Abstract We describe for the first time a protocol to purify to apparent homogeneity an in vitro-prepared complex of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) by using a combination of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The purity of the PSA-ACT complex was confirmed by gel electrophoresis and Western blot. The PSA-ACT complex was stable in the pH range 6.0 to 7.8; it was also stable in various matrices, temperatures, and high concentrations of salt. Purification of the PSA-ACT complex was highly reproducible. An absorptivity of 0.99 L x g-1 x cm-1 at 280 nm was assigned to the PSA-ACT complex, based on amino acid analysis. Because PSA and ACT bind in a 1:1 molar ratio, we determined the molecular mass of the PSA-ACT complex as the mass encoded by the cDNA of ACT (plus 26% carbohydrate) plus the molecular mass of PSA (28,430 Da), which totals 89,280 Da. Using this material, we made two common calibrators, one of 100% PSA-ACT complex and one of 90% PSA-ACT complex plus 10% free PSA by volume (90:10 calibrator). Substitution of these calibrators for the manufacturers' calibrators in nine commercial immunoassays substantially reduced differences between immunoassays, especially for serum PSA values between 4 and 10 micrograms/L. The 90:10 calibrator is recommended as a universal calibrator for international standardization of PSA immunoassays.
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Korecka, Magdalena, Michal J. Figurski, Susan M. Landau, Magdalena Brylska, Jacob Alexander, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, William J. Jagust, John Q. Trojanowski, and Leslie M. Shaw. "Analytical and Clinical Performance of Amyloid-Beta Peptides Measurements in CSF of ADNIGO/2 Participants by an LC–MS/MS Reference Method." Clinical Chemistry 66, no. 4 (January 31, 2020): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvaa012.

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Abstract Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42) reliably detects brain amyloidosis based on its high concordance with plaque burden at autopsy and with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) ligand retention observed in several studies. Low CSF Aβ42 concentrations in normal aging and dementia are associated with the presence of fibrillary Aβ across brain regions detected by amyloid PET imaging. Methods An LC–MS/MS reference method for Aβ42, modified by adding Aβ40 and Aβ38 peptides to calibrators, was used to analyze 1445 CSF samples from ADNIGO/2 participants. Seventy runs were completed using 2 different lots of calibrators. For preparation of Aβ42 calibrators and controls spiking solution, reference Aβ42 standard with certified concentration was obtained from EC-JRC-IRMM (Belgium). Aβ40 and Aβ38 standards were purchased from rPeptide. Aβ42 calibrators’ accuracy was established using CSF-based Aβ42 Certified Reference Materials (CRM). Results CRM-adjusted Aβ42 calibrator concentrations were calculated using the regression equation Y (CRM-adjusted) = 0.89X (calibrators) + 32.6. Control samples and CSF pools yielded imprecision ranging from 6.5 to 10.2% (Aβ42) and 2.2 to 7.0% (Aβ40). None of the CSF pools showed statistically significant differences in Aβ42 concentrations across 2 different calibrator lots. Comparison of Aβ42 with Aβ42/Aβ40 showed that the ratio improved concordance with concurrent [18F]-florbetapir PET as a measure of fibrillar Aβ (n = 766) from 81 to 88%. Conclusions Long-term performance assessment substantiates our modified LC–MS/MS reference method for 3 Aβ peptides. The improved diagnostic performance of the CSF ratio Aβ42/Aβ40 suggests that Aβ42 and Aβ40 should be measured together and supports the need for an Aβ40 CRM.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Calibratori"

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Cesarini, Francesco. "Determinazione sperimentale della minima attivita rivelabile dei calibratori di attivita dei radionuclidi." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6272/.

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I calibratori di attività dei radionuclidi sono strumenti fondamentali per la pratica diagnostica e terapeutica in Medicina Nucleare. Il loro ruolo principale è quello di quantificare accuratamente l’attività dei radiofarmaci somministrata ai pazienti, vengono pertanto progettati per avere una accuratezza di misura ottimale per attività relativamente alte. Lo scopo di questo studio è stato quello di determinare il livello di minima attività rivelabile (o Minimum Detectable Activity, MDA) di diversi modelli di calibratori di attività, al fine di estendere l’utilizzo di questi strumenti ad altre applicazioni. E’ stata quindi eseguita un’estesa campagna di misure sperimentali sui principali modelli di calibratori commercialmente distribuiti. Le modalità di misura della MDA sviluppate sono basate su un adattamento delle tecniche di riferimento per altri tipi di strumenti; tali tecniche, non solo rispondono all’obiettivo immediato, ma hanno permesso di dimostrare che è possibile una determinazione generalizzata della MDA di questa classe di apparecchiature. I risultati che verranno presentati sono stati ottenuti con una metodologia indipendente dal tipo di apparecchiatura e sono basati su misurazioni che possono essere replicate in ogni laboratorio.
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Evandri, Alice. "Realizzazione e convalida del modello Monte Carlo di un calibratore di attività per radiofarmaci." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9342/.

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I calibratori di attività sono strumenti molto importanti per la pratica, diagnostica e terapeutica, in medicina nucleare, perché permettono di associare ad un radiofarmaco una misura accurata dell’attività dell’isotopo in esso contenuto; questo è fondamentale in quanto l’attività della sorgente esprime la quantità di farmaco somministrata al paziente. In questo lavoro è stato sviluppato il modello Monte Carlo di un calibratore di attività ampiamente diffuso nei laboratori di radiofarmacia (Capintec CRC-15), utilizzando il codice Monte Carlo FLUKA. Per realizzare il modello si è posta estrema attenzione nel riprodurre al meglio tutti i dettagli delle componenti geometriche della camera e dei campioni delle sorgenti radioattive utilizzati. A tale scopo, la camera di ionizzazione di un calibratore è stata studiata mediante imaging TAC. Un’analisi preliminare è stata eseguita valutando il confronto tra l’andamento sperimentale dell’efficienza della camera in funzione dell’energia dei fotoni incidenti e quello ottenuto in simulazione. In seguito si è proceduto con la validazione: si sono studiati a questo proposito la risposta del calibratore in funzione dell’altezza della sorgente e i confronti tra i fattori relativi (rispetto ad una sorgente certificata di 137Cs) e le misure di confronto sono state eseguite con diverse sorgenti certificate di 133Ba, 68Ge-68Ga, 177Lu ed uno standard tarato internamente di 99mTc. In tale modo, si è ricoperto l'intero campo di interesse dei principali radionuclidi impiegati nelle applicazioni diagnostiche e terapeutiche di Medicina Nucleare. Il modello sviluppato rappresenta un importante risultato per l’eventuale determinazione di nuovi fattori di calibrazione o per un futuro studio relativo all’ottimizzazione della risposta del calibratore.
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Alvisi, Alex. "Progettazione di un sistema di calibrazione ex-situ per anemometri a filo caldo." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16470/.

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Questo elaborato consiste nello sviluppo di una piccola galleria del vento a ciclo aperto finalizzata alla calibrazione di anemometri a filo caldo da impiegare negli ambienti del CICLoPE (Centre for International Cooperation in Long Pipe Experiments) dell'Università di Bologna. La necessità di un dispositivo siffatto nasce dall'impossibilità di calibrare correttamente le sonde nella sezione di test del laboratorio in quanto subentrano effetti perturbativi legati all'instabilità e non-uniformità del flusso. Per ovviare al problema è possibile sfruttare la regione potenziale di un getto libero. In questo caso l'apparecchiatura è stata ideata per generare un getto piano rettangolare in grado di consentire la calibrazione di più anemometri contemporaneamente. Caratteristica principale del dispositivo è quella di essere modulare, così da renderlo versatile e facile da mantenere e pulire. La fase concettuale del progetto è seguita dalla stima delle perdite di carico indotte dai componenti, necessaria alla selezione di un ventilatore centrifugo capace di sostentare il flusso d'aria.
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Davies, Luca. "Studio e realizzazione di un sistema di calibrazione per anemometri in galleria del vento." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12914/.

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Il presente elaborato propone un metodo di calibrazione alle basse velocità degli anemometri a filo caldo utilizzati nella galleria del vento presente al C.I.C.Lo.P.E. (Center for International Cooperation in Long Pipe Experiments) dell'Università di Bologna, potenzialmente estendibile ad applicazioni più generali. In seguito ad un'analisi teorica approfondita della fattibilità di una calibrazione alle basse velocità, si è dimensionato e realizzato un prototipo in P.V.C. a geometria convergente-divergente, ritenuto in grado di produrre un flusso uniforme in uscita tale da garantire una soluzione al problema della calibrazione all'interno della test-section della galleria. Completata la fabbricazione del componente si è condotta un'analisi sperimentale, con l'ausilio del C.A.T. (Coaxial Air Tunnel) presente nell'hangar della Scuola di Ingegneria, sede di Forlì, del flusso generato internamente al divergente del calibratore. Nonostante si sia rilevata, mediante lo studio sperimentale condotto, una non perfetta uniformità del flusso uscente dal componente, i risultati riscontrati hanno permesso di inquadrare approcci e soluzioni atti ad un'ottimizzazione del calibratore, lasciando ampio margine di miglioramento ai fini della calibrazione alle basse velocità mediante il metodo descritto.
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Oldham, Jonathan Reed. "Development of a Multiple Microphone Probe Calibrator." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2042.pdf.

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Kassaye, Ermias Abebe. "A study of potential calibrators using the KAT-7 radio telescope." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15726.

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This thesis presents a study of potential calibrators observed by the Karoo Array Telescope (KAT-7). The KAT-7 is an engineering prototype for the coming sensitive array, the MeerKAT, one of the pathfinders for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). This thesis plays a supporting role in the ongoing commissioning activities of the KAT-7, whose construction started in early 2008, and which has been undergoing engineering and science verifications since late 2010. This thesis has achieved the first steps towards identifying possible flux-density standards for short baseline interferometers such as the KAT-7. The systematic error for flux-density calibration at KAT-7 was estimated relative to 3C123, and it was found to be ~5% of the measured flux density. 18 (~47%) of the 38 sources were identified as good flux density calibrator candidates, for their Modulation Index (MI) and Variability Index (VI) values were less than 0.05 and all the sources in the field had less than 10% of the peak flux density of the calibrator candidate. One source (PKS J0837-1951), which showed low variability and hence appeared to be a good flux-density calibrator candidate (class A), was deemed to be not a good flux-density calibrator candidate because a strong confusing source was found within its primary beam. Eight sources had MI or VI values between 0.05 and 0.09 and may deserve further study as potential flux calibrator candidates. Five sources had MI or VI values greater than 0.09 suggesting significant variability while 17 sources had only one or two observations so their suitability as potential flux calibrator candidates could not be evaluated. In addition, we used another measure of variability, the de-biased modulation index, for our sources comparing the observed modulation indices against Monte Carlo simulations. The result showed that the values of Md are largely as expected and the uncertainties therefore not substantially underestimated.
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Costa, Nathalia Almeida. "Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de calibração e testes de medidores de produto Kerma-Área." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-14082013-144903/.

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A grandeza produto kerma-área (PKA) é importante para estabelecer níveis de referência em exames de radiologia diagnóstica. Essa grandeza pode ser obtida por meio de medidores do PKA. O uso desses medidores é fundamental para avaliar a dose de radiação em procedimentos radiológicos, além de ser um bom indicador para que os limites de dose na pele do paciente não sejam excedidos. Algumas vezes, esses medidores vêm acoplados a equipamentos de radiação X, o que dificulta sua calibração. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de calibração de medidores do PKA. O instrumento utilizado para este fim foi o Patient Dose Calibrator (PDC). Ele foi desenvolvido para ser utilizado como referência na verificação da calibração de medidores do PKA e kerma no ar usados na dosimetria de pacientes e para verificação da consistência e do comportamento de sistemas de controle de exposição automáticos. Por se tratar de um equipamento novo, que, no Brasil, ainda não é utilizado como equipamento de referência para calibração, foi realizado, também o controle de qualidade deste equipamento, com testes de caracterização, a calibração e a avaliação da dependência energética. Após os testes, ficou provado que o PDC pode ser utilizado como instrumento de referência para a calibração a ser realizada in situ, de forma que as características de cada equipamento de radiação X onde os medidores do PKA são utilizados sejam consideradas. A calibração foi, então, realizada com medidores do PKA portáteis e em um equipamento de radiologia intervencionista que possui um medidor do PKA acoplado. Os resultados foram bons e ficou provada a necessidade de calibração desses medidores e a importância da calibração in situ com um medidor de referência.
The quantity kerma area product (PKA) is important to establish reference levels in diagnostic radiology exams. This quantity can be obtained using a PKA meter. The use of such meters is essential to evaluate the radiation dose in radiological procedures and is a good indicator to make sure that the dose limit to the patient\'s skin doesnt exceed. Sometimes, these meters come fixed to X radiation equipment, which makes its calibration difficult. In this work, it was developed a methodology for calibration of PKA meters. The instrument used for this purpose was the Patient Dose Calibrator (PDC). It was developed to be used as a reference to check the calibration of PKA and air kerma meters that are used for dosimetry in patients and to verify the consistency and behavior of systems of automatic exposure control. Because it is a new equipment, which, in Brazil, is not yet used as reference equipment for calibration, it was also performed the quality control of this equipment with characterization tests, the calibration and an evaluation of the energy dependence. After the tests, it was proved that the PDC can be used as a reference instrument and that the calibration must be performed in situ, so that the characteristics of each X-ray equipment, where the PKA meters are used, are considered. The calibration was then performed with portable PKA meters and in an interventional radiology equipment that has a PKA meter fixed. The results were good and it was proved the need for calibration of these meters and the importance of in situ calibration with a reference meter.
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Guerra, Giorgia. "Taratura di un calibratore di attività per radionuclidi emettitori di positroni a brevissimo tempo di dimezzamento." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6666/.

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I calibratori di attività sono strumenti fondamentali in medicina nucleare, utilizzati da ogni struttura al fine di quantificare l’attività di radiofarmaco da somministrare al paziente. L'accurata taratura di questi strumenti richiederebbe la disponibilità di sorgenti di riferimento certificate per ciascun radionuclide di interesse; tuttavia vi è una importante serie di casi in cui questo metodo non è praticabile a causa delle caratteristiche del radionuclide, come ad esempio il brevissimo tempo di dimezzamento. Lo scopo di questo studio è stato determinare il fattore di taratura per un radioisotopo PET a brevissimo tempo di dimezzamento, il 11C, per il quale non sono commercialmente reperibili delle sorgenti certificate, eseguendo un’accurata misura dell’efficienza di rivelazione di un moderno rivelatore per spettrometria allo specifico valore di energia di 511 keV dei fotoni di annichilazione. Lo strumento utilizzato è un nuovo rivelatore a CZT (tellururo di cadmio-zinco), il Kromek GR1, un rivelatore compatto che opera a temperatura ambiente, caratterizzato da una interessante risoluzione energetica e da una efficienza di rivelazione contenuta, quest’ultima adeguata per l’analisi di campioni che hanno un’attività relativamente elevata, come di frequente accade nei siti di produzione dei nuclidi radioattivi. Le misure sperimentali sono state eseguite cercando di ottimizzare ogni passaggio al fine di minimizzare le incertezze, in modo da ottenere una stima accurata del fattore di taratura, secondo una modalità tracciabile ad uno standard accreditato NIST e riproducibile per qualunque altro radioisotopo PET. Potranno quindi essere constatati i fattori di taratura noti di altri radionuclidi e successivamente stimati i fattori per radioisotopi sperimentali anche mediante diversi modelli di calibratori.
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Opliger, Matthew S. "The development of the dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) calibraton and testing procedures." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/10641.

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Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is the most preferred thermal analysis technique for determining the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polymer matrix composites because it is more sensitive to Tg measurements than other thermal analysis techniques. An interlaboratory study was developed and conducted by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) for its D7028-07 test standard (Tg by DMA). The results of the study indicated that reproducibility was poor between DMA instruments and laboratories. A reproducibility standard deviation of 15.09 degree F and 14.72 degree F for dry Tg and wet Tg measurements, respectively, was found. Poor reproducibility of Tg measurements creates uncertainty in cases where Tg measurements are utilized. Service temperature and process control determinations may be difficult to establish if reproducibility of Tg measurements remains poor. The goal of this research was to improve laboratory-to-laboratory and instrument-to-instrument reproducibility. To accomplish this, several potential influencers of Tg measurements, such as, thermocouple positioning, dimensional variation of specimens, and temperature calibration configurations and methods were evaluated. These evaluations were the framework to the development of thermocouple guidelines and temperature calibration procedures to aid test operators in areas where the test and calibration standards are not specific. To assess whether this goal was achieved, a follow-on interlaboratory study was conducted. A reproducibility standard deviation of 7.86 degree F and 7.30 degree F for dry Tg and wet Tg measurements, respectively, was determined. When compared with the interlaboratory study conducted by ASTM, the follow-on interlaboratory study indicated a 50% improvement in the reproducibility of Tg measurements was achieved with the implementation of the developed thermocouple guidelines and temperature calibration procedures.
Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering
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Damazo, Bradley Nevins. "Mechanical, sensor and control system design for an accelerometer calibrator with one part per million accuracy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33474.

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Books on the topic "Calibratori"

1

Wyatt, Clair L. DIRBE external calibrator (DEC). Logan, Utah: Center for Space Engineering, Utah State University, 1987.

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L, Ward John. NASA airborne satellite instrumentation calibrator (NASIC) technical reference. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1993.

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Institute, American National Standards. American National Standard specifications and verification procedures for sound calibrators. Melville, NY: Acoustical Society of America, 2006.

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Porter, Louis G. Final evaluation of a color calibrator for a radar remote weather display system / Louis G. Porter ; sponsored by Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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Tommy Powers and the Sage of the Calibrators. Family of Man Press(GF Hutchison Press), 2005.

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6

T, Johnk Robert, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Portable calibrator for across-the-road radar systems. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998.

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T, Johnk Robert, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Portable calibrator for across-the-road radar systems. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998.

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T, Johnk Robert, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Portable calibrator for across-the-road radar systems. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Cryogenic pressure calibrator for wide temperature electronically scanned (ESP) pressure modules. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2001.

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Killingback, A. L. T. An opto-electronic triggering device for the NPL ultrasound bean calibrator system. 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Calibratori"

1

Beasley, A. J., V. Dhawan, E. B. Fomalont, R. C. Walker, and J. M. Wrobel. "The VLBA Calibrator Survey." In Extragalactic Radio Sources, 527–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0295-4_190.

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Schon, Klaus. "Digital Recorders, Software and Calibrators." In High Voltage Measurement Techniques, 223–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21770-9_7.

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Hanes, David A. "Local Calibrators and Globular Clusters." In The World of Galaxies, 510–30. New York, NY: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9356-6_81.

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Rivetti, A., G. Martini, and G. Birello. "A Flowrate Calibrator for Cryogenic Helium." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 1043–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2522-6_127.

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Schon, Klaus. "Digital Recorder, Impulse Voltmeter and Impulse Calibrator." In High Impulse Voltage and Current Measurement Techniques, 93–115. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00378-8_5.

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Gazda, Piotr, Wojciech Gromelski, Michał Nowicki, and Maciej Kachniarz. "Design and Construction of Microforce Sensor Calibrator." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 731–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77179-3_72.

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Blagajic, Ivan, Ivan Semanjski, Tomislav Saric, Zeljka Janda-Hegedis, Marin Vuković, and Željka Car. "e-Accessible Service System: Calibrator and Communicator." In Agent and Multi-Agent Systems. Technologies and Applications, 241–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30947-2_28.

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Cao, Jin-Yan, and Mu-Qin Tian. "The Intelligent Calibrator of Mine Gas Sensor." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 377–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24282-3_51.

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Maraston, Claudia. "Galactic Globular Clusters as Calibrators of Synthetic Line Indices." In The Evolution of The Milky Way, 275–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0938-6_27.

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Ferrari, A., E. D. Siciliano, A. Pizzuti, B. Bucciarelli, G. Massone, M. Postman, D. M. Rehner, C. R. Sturch, M. G. Lattanzi, and B. M. Lasker. "Photometric Calibrators for all-Sky Surveys: The GSPC-II Program." In Astronomy from Wide-Field Imaging, 301–3. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1146-1_62.

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Conference papers on the topic "Calibratori"

1

Lobarinhas, P. A. M., S. F. C. F. Teixeira, and J. C. F. Teixeira. "Development of an Experimental Facility to Test Polymer Extrusion." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14428.

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A wide variety of plastic profiles are produced in extrusion lines, which are basically comprised by an extruder, a die and a calibrator. Because the initial cooling stages will determine the final quality of the extrudate, the study of the thermal modeling of the calibrator is of great interest. In this context the use of computational tools is becoming increasingly useful for the calibrator design and optimization. Therefore, reliable experimental data is of paramount relevance to validate thermal models. For that purpose, an experimental apparatus was set-up at the laboratory, which includes: a calibrator, a heat chamber, a data acquisition system, a traction system and various polymer test samples. The experimental facility is designed to obtain data inside the polymer. Based upon computer simulations a calibrator was built in a aluminum alloy with 600×150×80 mm. The cross section aperture for the polymer profile is of 30×16 mm. Low inertia thermocouples were located at various positions and at depths varying between 1.0 to 5.0 mm from the calibrator/polymer interface. This is the region where greater thermal gradients are expected. Other sensors (at the surface) can be used to determine the interface thermal resistance. Data were collected by a high-speed data acquisition board (data a rate up to 500 kHz), with electronics for signal conditioning in order to compensate the low level signal of thermocouples. The data are stored for subsequent processing. All the process is controlled using an interface developed in LabView. Preliminary testes were carried out in PVC samples due to its high melting point and availability. The results proved the usefulness of the test facility to obtain relevant data concerning the thermal behavior of calibrators.
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Lobarinhas, P. A. M., J. C. F. Teixeira, and S. F. C. F. Teixeira. "A Numerical Study of the Thermal Behaviour of Calibrators for Polymer Extrusion." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14433.

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In polymer processing by extrusion, the thermal behavior of the components downstream of the extruder dye is of great relevance to the final characteristics of the product. In fact, the process productivity, the product dimensional quality and the physical/mechanical properties are strongly dependent upon the cooling process. In the present work, a numerical model adequate to describe the thermal behavior of the calibrator and the polymer profile is developed and implemented as a computer code. The model is fully 3D, transient and includes a formulation for the polymer movement inside the calibrator based upon the VOF method [1]. Although for practical purposes, a steady solution is desired, the model was implemented as a transient case, to enable its accurate validation with experimental data. The interface between the extrudate and the calibrator is described through a coefficient for the thermal contact resistance. The equations were discretized in a finite volume formulation [2] and the code implemented in Fortran. The good agreement between the model and the experimental data has vindicated the accuracy of the computer model and its subsequent application in the analysis and optimization of complete calibration units. A parametric analysis for the most relevant variables, such as polymer velocity and calibrator length, demonstrated the consistency of the numerical model.
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Melyanovsky, P. A., and Popov IV. "Compact active Doppler calibrator." In 2004 14th International Crimean Conference "Microwave and Telecommunication Technology". IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/crmico.2004.183404.

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Sassiya, B., P. Chaaya, C. Ghnatios, and A. Kassem. "Asthma Device Calibrator (ADC)." In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856926.

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Ko, Samuel C. K., and Aaron Y. K. Yan. "Calibration of speed radar calibrators." In 2014 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpem.2014.6898400.

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D'Angelo, Severino, Charles Brownell, Curtis Brownell, Garrett Torgerson, and William G. Mears. "DynoCal - A Chassis Dynamometer Calibrator." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/970268.

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Pejovic, Predrag, and Amela Zekovic. "Software supported DC voltage calibrator." In 2016 International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (INDEL). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indel.2016.7797804.

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Bauer, Joe, John A. Mehrten, and James B. Young. "MODIS onboard calibrator blackbody performance." In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by William L. Barnes. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.325633.

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Wyatt, Clair L., Larry Jacobsen, and Allan Steed. "Portable Compact Multifunction IR Calibrator." In 1988 Technical Symposium on Optics, Electro-Optics, and Sensors, edited by R. Barry Johnson and Milton J. Triplett. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.947141.

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Braun, Jean-Pierre, Christian Mester, and Marc-Olivier Andre. "Requirements for an advanced PMU calibrator." In 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpem.2016.7540656.

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Reports on the topic "Calibratori"

1

LeBlanc, R. TA489A calibrator: SANDUS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6030821.

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Hearst, J. R. The Nevada Test Site neutron log calibrator. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10136557.

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Ondrejka, Arthur R. Portable calibrator for across-the-road radar systems. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1398.

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Larson, Donald R. Characterization of an optical time domain reflectometer calibrator. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1475.

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Sherrouse, Peter M. Subsonic Choked Flow LDV Calibrator/Velocity Standard Development. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada539257.

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Juhasz, Arpad A., Donald H. Newhall, Charles D. Bullock, James O. Pilcher, and Melinda B. Krummerich. A 150,000 Pounds Per Square Inch Dynamic Pressure Calibrator. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada190659.

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Fessenden, T. J. Formal solution for the fields within a beam-bug calibrator. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/8054.

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Porter, Louis G. Final evaluation of a color calibrator for a radar remote weather display system. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.86-3403.

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9

Nickoloff, Edward, Keith Strauss, Bruce Austin, Stephen Balter, Geoffrey Clarke, Pei-Jan Paul Lin, Marlene McKetty, et al. The Selection, Use, Calibration, and Quality Assurance of Radionuclide Calibrators Used in Nuclear Medicine. AAPM, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.37206/137.

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Humphreys, J. C., and J. C. Humphreys. Criteria for characterization and performance of a high-dose radiation dosimetry calibraton laboratory. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.907.

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