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Journal articles on the topic 'Calif Spaniards in San Diego'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Borba, Felipe. "A propaganda negativa como instrumento democrático [Entrevista com Scott Desposato]." Compolítica 3, no. 2 (December 4, 2013): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.21878/compolitica.2013.3.2.109.

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2

Paladichuk, A. "Chronic disease management: an outpatient approach." Critical Care Nurse 17, no. 6 (December 30, 1997): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn1997.17.6.90.

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The current climate of managed care has sparked efforts to reduce costs in patient care. In many cases, this has resulted in more efficient methods of patient management: chronic disease management in an outpatient setting appears to be one such success story. For critical care nurses interested in working beyond the boundaries of a traditional ICU, chronic disease management clinics represent an alternative environment in which they may apply their skills. Nancy Brass-Mynderse, RN, MSN, CCRN, a clinical nurse specialist (CNS) with 18 years of experience in critical care, was instrumental in development of the Scripps Health Chronic Disease Clinic at Green Hospital of Scripps Clinic, San Diego, Calif. Brass-Mynderse currently supervises the operation of the clinic, along with Omana Kaliangara, RN, MSN, CFNP, a nurse practitioner. Brass-Mynderse received her bachelor's degree from the University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz, and her master's degree from San Diego State University. She recently obtained her family nurse practitioner certificate from California State University, Dominguez Hills, Calif. Kaliangara received her bachelor's degree from San Jose State University, San Jose, Calif, and her nurse practitioner certificate from the University of California, San Francisco, Calif. After working in family medicine and a diabetic clinic, Kaliangara developed an interest in the management of chronic diseases. In an interview with CRITICAL CARE NURSE in September, Brass-Mynderse and Kaliangara took time to discuss the development and operation of the clinic, and to recount some of their success stories.

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3

Ryan, Edward A. "Pneumatic Retinopexy (A Clinical Symposium, August 5-6, 1988, San Diego, Calif)." Archives of Ophthalmology 109, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1991.01080080030015.

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4

Hoffer, M. E. "Annual Meeting of the American Neurotology Society, September 17, 1994, San Diego, Calif." Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 121, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1995.01890020101021.

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5

Hoffer, M. E. "Annual Meeting of the Facial Nerve Study Group, September 19, 1994, San Diego, Calif." Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 121, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1995.01890020102022.

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6

Hunsaker, D. H. "40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Rhinologic Society, September 17, 1994, San Diego, Calif." Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 121, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 240–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1995.01890020102023.

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7

Hunsaker, D. H. "Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy, September 20-24, 1994, San Diego, Calif." Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 121, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1995.01890020103024.

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8

Kelly, K. E. "Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, San Diego, Calif, Plenary Session." Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 121, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1995.01890020100020.

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9

Kannangai, R., S. Ramalingam, K. J. Prakash, O. C. Abraham, R. George, R. C. Castillo, D. H. Schwartz, M. V. Jesudason, and G. Sridharan. "Molecular Confirmation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 2 in HIV-Seropositive Subjects in South India." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 7, no. 6 (November 1, 2000): 987–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.7.6.987-989.2000.

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ABSTRACT Nested PCRs for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 were compared with immunoblot test results. Twelve of 13 immunoblot-positive HIV-2 samples were positive by PCR. There were five INNO-LIA (Innogenetics, Zwijnaarde, Belgium) and/or HIVBLOT 2.2 (Genelabs, Singapore) samples that tested positive for dual infection. HIV-1 PCR was positive in all samples, while HIV-2 PCR was positive in two and RIBA (Chiron Corporation, San Diego, Calif.) was positive for HIV-2 in three samples. Thus the prevalence of HIV-2 is accurately estimated by the use of immunoblotting, but that of HIV-1 and -2 dual infection may be overestimated.

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10

Francis, Chris A., Edgie-Mark Co, and Bradley M. Tebo. "Enzymatic Manganese(II) Oxidation by a Marine α-Proteobacterium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 4024–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.9.4024-4029.2001.

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ABSTRACT A yellow-pigmented marine bacterium, designated strain SD-21, was isolated from surface sediments of San Diego Bay, San Diego, Calif., based on its ability to oxidize soluble Mn(II) to insoluble Mn(III, IV) oxides. 16S rRNA analysis revealed that this organism was most closely related to members of the genus Erythrobacter, aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria within the α-4 subgroup of theProteobacteria (α-4 Proteobacteria). SD-21, however, has a number of distinguishing phenotypic features relative to Erythrobacter species, including the ability to oxidize Mn(II). During the logarithmic phase of growth, this organism produces Mn(II)-oxidizing factors of ≈250 and 150 kDa that are heat labile and inhibited by both azide ando-phenanthroline, suggesting the involvement of a metalloenzyme. Although the expression of the Mn(II) oxidase was not dependent on the presence of Mn(II), higher overall growth yields were reached in cultures incubated with Mn(II) in the culture medium. In addition, the rate of Mn(II) oxidation appeared to be slower in cultures grown in the light. This is the first report of Mn(II) oxidation within the α-4 Proteobacteria as well as the first Mn(II)-oxidizing proteins identified in a marine gram-negative bacterium.

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11

Schrader, Wayne L., Karen L. Robb, and Valerie J. Mellano. "Protective Border Plantings for Ag/Urban Interfaces." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 491d—491. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.491d.

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Protective border barriers were established at three sites in commercial floriculture, and strawberry fields in San Diego County, Calif. These border plantings were used to provide a physical barrier between agricultural fields and adjacent urban development, and to evaluate the effects of border plantings on insect populations, spray drift, and crop/barrier interactions. Border plantings consisted of native plants with overlapping flowering periods to provide nectar and pollen to beneficial insects throughout the year. Yellow sticky traps were used to monitor insect populations, and water sensitive paper was used to evaluate the reduction of spray drift by the border plantings. Results indicate that protective border plantings: 1) can be used to form attractive physical barriers that reduce visual pollution and spray drift; 2) provide habitat for pests as well as beneficial insects; 3) support beneficial insects that may help reduce the population peaks of pest insects during spring and summer months; and 4) have little effect on adjacent crop fields.

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12

Tauber, Alfred I. "Book Review Tending Adam's Garden By Irun R. Cohen. 288 pp. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 2000. $49.95. 0-12-178355-3." New England Journal of Medicine 342, no. 9 (March 2, 2000): 667–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200003023420921.

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13

Becerra, Rosina M. "Teenage Sexuality. By Stewart Meikle, Jacquelyn A. Peitchinis, and Keith Pearce. San Diego, Calif.: College-Hill Press, 1985. 171 pp. $14.95 paper." Children & Schools 8, no. 4 (1986): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cs/8.4.259.

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14

Herrington, David M. "Book Review Cholesterol Metabolism, LDL, and the LDL Receptor By N.B. Myant. 465 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 1990. $69.95." New England Journal of Medicine 324, no. 9 (February 28, 1991): 638–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199102283240923.

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15

Parham, Peter. "Book Review A History of Transplantation Immunology By Leslie Brent. 482 pp. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 1997. $35. 0-12-131770-6." New England Journal of Medicine 337, no. 2 (July 10, 1997): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199707103370219.

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16

JURINAK, J. J. "Kinetics of Soil Chemical Processes. 1989. Donald L. Sparks. Academic Press, Inc. 1250 Sixth Ave., San Diego, Calif. 92101. xv + 210 pp. $34.95." Soil Science 149, no. 1 (January 1990): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199001000-00008.

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17

Akkerman, J. W. N. "Book Review Ion Channels and Disease By Frances M. Ashcroft. 502 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 2000. $75. 0-1206-5310-9." New England Journal of Medicine 343, no. 5 (August 3, 2000): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200008033430518.

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18

McCullagh, James G. "Children in Crises: A Team Approach in the Schools. By Sharon R. Morgan. San Diego, Calif.: College-Hill Press, 1985. 253 pp. $24.50 paper." Children & Schools 8, no. 2 (1986): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cs/8.2.134.

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19

Tallerman, M. O. "Randall Hendrick (ed.), The syntax of the modern Celtic languages (Syntax and Semantics 23). San Diego, Calif. & London: Academic Press, 1990. Pp. xiv + 262." Journal of Linguistics 27, no. 2 (September 1991): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700012871.

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20

Castel, Jean-Pierre. "Book Review Cerebral Vasospasm By R. Loch Macdonald and Bryce Weir. 518 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 2001. $149.95. 0-12-464161-X." New England Journal of Medicine 345, no. 14 (October 4, 2001): 1070–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200110043451419.

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21

Vining, Eileen P. G. "Book Review Febrile Seizures Edited by Tallie Z. Baram and Shlomo Shinnar. 337 pp. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 2001. $99.95. 0-12-078141-7." New England Journal of Medicine 347, no. 5 (August 2002): 375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200208013470523.

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22

Schoenbaum, Ellie E. "Book Review Emerging Infections (Biomedical Research Reports.) Edited by Richard M. Krause. 513 pp. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 1998. $84.95. 0-12-425930-8." New England Journal of Medicine 340, no. 8 (February 25, 1999): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199902253400820.

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23

Williams, R. Sanders. "Book Review Heart Development Edited by Richard P. Harvey and Nadia Rosenthal. 530 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 1999. $159.95. 0-12-329860-1." New England Journal of Medicine 340, no. 15 (April 15, 1999): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199904153401518.

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24

Simpson, Elizabeth M. "Book Review Molecular Genetics of Sex Determination Edited by Stephen S. Wachtel. 518 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 1994. $89. 0-12-728960-7." New England Journal of Medicine 331, no. 13 (September 29, 1994): 885–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199409293311324.

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25

Steinberg, Daniel. "Book Review Natural Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease Edited by Balz Frei. 588 pp. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 1994. $99. 0-12-266975-4." New England Journal of Medicine 332, no. 10 (March 9, 1995): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199503093321020.

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26

Looker, Anne C. "Book Review Osteoporosis Edited by Robert Marcus, David Feldman, and Jennifer Kelsey. 1373 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 1996. $149.95. 0-12-470860-9." New England Journal of Medicine 335, no. 21 (November 21, 1996): 1616–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199611213352122.

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27

Hizer, Suzanne E., Arun K. Dhar, Kurt R. Klimpel, and Denise K. Garcia. "RAPD markers as predictors of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) resistance in shrimp (Litopenaeus stylirostris)." Genome 45, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-117.

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Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints of two shrimp populations (Litopenaeus stylirostris) were compared to find genetic marker(s) that may be associated with infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) resistance or susceptibility. Of the 100 10-mer random primers and 100 intersimple-sequence repeat (ISSR) primers screened, five provided markers specific to the Super Shrimp population and three provided markers specific to the wild caught population. The two populations were further characterized for relative viral load (reported as cycle threshold, CT) using real-time quantitative PCR with primers specific to the IHHNV genome. The β-actin gene was amplified to serve as a control for normalization of the IHHNV viral load. The mean viral load was significantly lower (CT = 34.58; equivalent to 3.3 × 101 copies of IHHNV genome/ng DNA) in Super Shrimp than in the wild caught population (CT = 23.49; equivalent to 4.2 × 104 copies/ng DNA; P < 0.001; CT values are inversely related to viral load). A preliminary prediction model was created with Classification and Regression Tree (CART) software (Salford Systems, San Diego, Calif.), where the resultant decision tree uses the presence or absence of seven RAPD markers as predictors of the relative viral load.Key words: RAPD, quantitative PCR, Litopenaeus stylirostris, shrimp, genetic markers.

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28

Schwartz, Robert S. "Book Review Paul Ehrlich's Receptor Immunology: The Magnificent Obsession By Arthur M. Silverstein. 202 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 2002. $75. 0-12-643765-3." New England Journal of Medicine 346, no. 11 (March 14, 2002): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200203143461122.

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29

Shuirman, Gerard, James E. Slosson, and Kenneth L. Carper. "Forensic Engineering: Environmental Case Histories for Civil Engineers and Geologists By Gerard Shuirman and James E. Slosson: 296 pages, illustrations; Academic Press, San Diego, Calif., 1992; $54.95." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 8, no. 2 (May 1994): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(1994)8:2(172).

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30

Mehta, Ravindra L., Paul W. Sanders, and Anupam Agarwal. "Changing Paradigms in Acute Kidney Injury: From Mechanisms to Management - Proceedings of the 5th Annual UAB-UCSD O'Brien Center Symposium (San Diego, Calif., USA, March 4, 2014)." Nephron Clinical Practice 127, no. 1-4 (September 24, 2014): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000363253.

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31

Marks, Andrew R. "Book Review Principles and Practice of Clinical Research Edited by John I. Gallin. 490 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 2002. $99.95. 0-12-274065-3." New England Journal of Medicine 348, no. 15 (April 10, 2003): 1506–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200304103481523.

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32

Haus, Hermann A. "Applications of Nonlinear Fiber Optics Applications of Nonlinear Fiber Optics , Govind P. Agrawal Academic Press, San Diego, Calif., 2001. $84.95 (458 pp.) ISBN 0-12-045144-1." Physics Today 55, no. 6 (June 2002): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1496383.

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33

Lang, Anne M., Jesus Feris-Iglesias, Chabela Pena, Jacqueline F. Sanchez, Leslie Stockman, Paul Rys, Glenn D. Roberts, Nancy K. Henry, David H. Persing, and Franklin R. Cockerill. "Clinical Evaluation of the Gen-Probe Amplified Direct Test for Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosisComplex Organisms in Cerebrospinal Fluid." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 8 (1998): 2191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.8.2191-2194.1998.

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Eighty-four cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from different children who presented with signs and symptoms of meningitis were evaluated for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex organisms by the Gen-Probe AmplifiedMycobacterium tuberculosis Direct Test (MTD; Gen-Probe, San Diego, Calif.). All CSF samples had negative acid-fast smears by the Ziehl-Neelsen staining method. M. tuberculosis was recovered from five samples. M. tuberculosis did not grow from 19 additional samples, but the samples were from patients who fulfilled specific clinical and laboratory criteria for probable tuberculous meningitis (TBM). The remaining samples (n = 60) were from patients with other infections or noninfectious causes of meningitis. The results of the MTD were interpreted as positive or negative on the basis of recommended cutoff values for respiratory specimens. These results were interpreted as true or false positives or true or false negatives on the basis of the results of M. tuberculosis culture or whether the patient fulfilled criteria for probable TBM. The Gen-Probe MTD was 33% sensitive and 100% specific for detecting M. tuberculosis complex organisms in these 84 CSF samples. If the cutoff values for positive results were decreased for the MTD (≥11,000 versus ≥30,000 relative light units), the sensitivity increased to 83% and the specificity remained 100%. These results for the MTD are encouraging considering that TBM is a highly fatal disease and difficult to diagnose by conventional laboratory techniques.

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34

Legato, Marianne J. "Book Review Women and Health Edited by Marlene B. Goldman and Maureen C. Hatch. 1276 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 2000. $149.95. 0-12-288145-1." New England Journal of Medicine 343, no. 7 (August 17, 2000): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200008173430721.

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35

McFarland, Henry. "Book Review Multiple Sclerosis as a Neuronal Disease Edited by Stephen G. Waxman. 484 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Elsevier Academic Press, 2005. $170. 0-12-738761-7." New England Journal of Medicine 353, no. 12 (September 22, 2005): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmbkrev38894.

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36

Rapoport, Stanley I. "Book Review Functional Neurobiology of Aging Edited by Patrick R. Hof and Charles V. Mobbs. 960 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 2001. $169.95. 0-12-351830-X." New England Journal of Medicine 345, no. 14 (October 4, 2001): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200110043451418.

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37

Nuwer, Marc R. "Book Review The Epilepsies: Etiologies and prevention Edited by Prakash Kotagal and Hans O. Lüders. 587 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 1999. $159.95. 0-12-422150-5." New England Journal of Medicine 340, no. 24 (June 17, 1999): 1932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199906173402423.

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38

Tauber, Alfred I. "Book Review Psychoneuroimmunology Second edition. Edited by Robert Ader, David L. Felten, and Nicholas Cohen. 1218 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 1991. $129.95. 0-12-043782-1." New England Journal of Medicine 328, no. 15 (April 15, 1993): 1133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199304153281522.

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39

Dougherty, Charles J. "Book Review The Hippocratic Predicament: Affordability, Access, and Accountability in American Medicine By Robert M. Kaplan. 275 pp. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 1993. $64.95. 0-12-397370-8." New England Journal of Medicine 328, no. 18 (May 6, 1993): 1358–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199305063281821.

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40

Ewanchuk, Patrick J., and Susan L. Williams. "Survival and re-establishment of vegetative fragments of eelgrass (Zostera marina)." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 10 (October 1, 1996): 1584–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-191.

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Vegetative fragmentation of clonal aquatic plants is considered a form of asexual reproduction. Although vegetative fragmentation of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) is considered a mode of asexual reproduction and dispersal, no data exist to evaluate the potential contribution of fragments (rhizomes with meristems and green leaf shoots) to eelgrass populations. We estimated (i) the size of the fragment population relative to the size of adjacent eelgrass populations, and (ii) the potential for fragments to re-establish in eelgrass beds in Mission Bay, San Diego, Calif. We surveyed the abundance of fragments on adjacent beaches and determined the survival and growth of detached fragments and of fragments re-established in eelgrass beds after varying time spent in the water column. Although vegetative fragments occurred throughout the year, but mostly in winter, they represented a loss of <4% of the leaf shoots in adjacent eelgrass populations. Only 60% of the fragments survived in the water column after 6 weeks, and growth and survivorship of re-established fragments declined with time spent in the water column. Thus, fragmentation represents a small net loss to the eelgrass beds studied and is not a common recruitment mechanism. This result does not support the hypothesis that asexual reproduction in the form of vegetative fragments contributes to eelgrass population growth. Because successful re-establishment is improbable, vegetative fragments also are not likely to contribute substantially to eelgrass dispersal, at least in Mission Bay. Keywords: eelgrass, asexual reproduction, clone fragmentation, Zostera marina.

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41

Garcia, Lynne S., Robyn Y. Shimizu, and Caroline N. Bernard. "Detection of Giardia lamblia,Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar, andCryptosporidium parvum Antigens in Human Fecal Specimens Using the Triage Parasite Panel Enzyme Immunoassay." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 9 (2000): 3337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.9.3337-3340.2000.

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The Triage parasite panel (BIOSITE Diagnostics, San Diego, Calif.) is a new qualitative enzyme immunoassay (EIA) panel for the detection of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, and Cryptosporidium parvum in fresh or fresh, frozen, unfixed human fecal specimens. By using specific antibodies, antigens specific for these organisms are captured and immobilized on a membrane. Panel performance was evaluated with known positive and negative stool specimens (a total of 444 specimens) that were tested by the standard ova and parasite (O&P) examination as the “gold standard,” including staining with both trichrome and modified acid-fast stains. Specimens with discrepant results between the reference and Triage methods were retested by a different method, either EIA or immunofluorescence. A number of samples with discrepant results with the Triage device were confirmed to be true positives. After resolution of discrepant results, the number of positive specimens and the sensitivity and specificity results were as follows: for G. lamblia, 170, 95.9%, and 97.4%, respectively; for E. histolytica/E. dispar, 99, 96.0%, and 99.1%, respectively; and for C. parvum, 60, 98.3%, and 99.7%, respectively. There was no cross-reactivity with other parasites found in stool specimens, including eight different protozoa (128 challenges) and three different helminths (83 challenges). The ability to perform the complete O&P examination should remain an option for those patients with negative parasite panel results but who are still symptomatic.

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42

Patel, Jean Baldus, Debra G. B. Leonard, Xai Pan, James M. Musser, Richard E. Berman, and Irving Nachamkin. "Sequence-Based Identification of Mycobacterium Species Using the MicroSeq 500 16S rDNA Bacterial Identification System." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 1 (January 2000): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.1.246-251.2000.

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ABSTRACT We evaluated the MicroSeq 500 16S rDNA Bacterial Sequencing Kit (PE Applied Biosystems), a 500-bp sequence-based identification system, for its ability to identify clinical Mycobacterium isolates. The organism identity was determined by comparing the 16S rDNA sequence to the MicroSeq database, which consists primarily of type strain sequences. A total of 113 isolates (18 different species), previously recovered and identified by routine methods from two clinical laboratories, were analyzed by the MicroSeq method. Isolates with discordant results were analyzed by hsp65 gene sequence analysis and in some cases repeat phenotypic identification, AccuProbe rRNA hybridization (Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, Calif.), or high-performance liquid chromatography of mycolic acids. For 93 (82%) isolates, the MicroSeq identity was concordant with the previously reported identity. For 18 (16%) isolates, the original identification was discordant with the MicroSeq identification. Of the 18 discrepant isolates, 7 (six unique sequences) were originally misidentified by phenotypic analysis or the AccuProbe assay but were correctly identified by the MicroSeq assay. Of the 18 discrepant isolates, 11 (seven unique sequences) were unusual species that were difficult to identify by phenotypic methods and, in all but one case, by molecular methods. The remaining two isolates (2%) failed definitive phenotypic identification, but the MicroSeq assay was able to definitively identify one of these isolates. The MicroSeq identification system is an accurate and rapid method for the identification of Mycobacterium spp.

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43

McDonald, V., S. Lynch, and A. Eskalen. "First Report of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum, and N. parvum Associated With Avocado Branch Canker in California." Plant Disease 93, no. 9 (September 2009): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-9-0967b.

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In 1953, branch cankers on California avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees were attributed to a Botryosphaeria anamorph, Dothiorella gregaria (teleomorph B. ribis) (2), and the disease was known as Dothiorella canker. Since this time, it has been suggested that this fungus should probably be classified as Fusicoccum aesculi Corda (teleomorph B. dothidea) (3). To our knowledge, B. dothidea is the only reported Botryosphaeriaceae species causing Dothiorella canker on avocado in California. Between the summer of 2008 and the winter of 2009, five trees from each of eight avocado orchards in five counties (San Diego, Riverside, Ventura, Santa Barbara, and San Luis Obispo) were surveyed for Dothiorella canker symptoms to verify the associated Botryosphaeriaceae species. Typical Dothiorella canker symptoms observed included darkened and friable bark with a dried, white, powdery exudate. Underneath the bark, cankers were variable in shape and some penetrated into the heartwood. Small sections of tissue (0.5 cm2) were excised from two to four separate cankers per tree and placed onto potato dextrose agar amended with tetracycline (0.01%) (PDA-tet). The most frequently isolated fungi, based on general growth pattern, speed, and colony color, were in the Botryosphaeriaceae with the following percent recovery by county: Riverside–40 and 100% (site 1 and 2, respectively); San Diego–60% (site 3); Ventura–42 and 53% (site 4 and 5, respectively); Santa Barbara–33% (site 6); and San Luis Obispo–32 and 60% (site 7 and 8, respectively). Pycnidia of Botryosphaeriaceae species were also observed on old diseased avocado tree branches. Sequenced rDNA fragments (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, ITS2, amplified with ITS4 and ITS5 primers) were compared with sequences deposited in GenBank. Four different Botryosphaeriaceae species were identified and included Neofusicoccum australe, B. dothidea, N. luteum, and N. parvum, with species nomenclature based on the work of Crous et al. (1). Pathogenicity tests were conducted in the greenhouse on 1-year-old avocado seedlings, cv. Hass, with one randomly chosen isolate from each of the Botryosphaeriaceae species noted above. Four replicate seedlings were stem-wound inoculated with a mycelial plug and covered with Parafilm. Sterile PDA plugs were applied to four seedlings as a control. Over a period of 3 to 6 months, seedlings were assessed for disease symptoms that included browning of leaf edges and shoot dieback. Mean vascular lesion lengths on stems were 64, 66, 64, and 18 mm for B. dothidea, N. parvum, N. luteum, and N. australe, respectively. Each fungal isolate was consistently reisolated from inoculated seedlings, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. australe, N. luteum, and N. parvum recovered from branch cankers on avocado in California. These results are significant because Botryosphaeriaceae canker pathogens are known to enter the host plant through fresh wounds (pruning, frost, and mechanical). With high-density planting becoming more common, which requires intensive pruning, the transmission rate of these pathogens could increase in California avocado groves. References: (1) P. W. Crous et al. Stud. Mycol. 55:235, 2006. (2) F. F. Halma and G. A. Zentmyer. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yearb. 38:156, 1953. (3) W. F. T. Hartill and K. R. Everett. N. Z. J. Crop Hortic. Sci. 30:249, 2002.

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Wenzel, Richard. "Book Review Of Mice, Men, and Microbes: Hantavirus By David R. Harper and Andrea S. Meyer. 278 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 1999. $34.95. 0-12-326460-X." New England Journal of Medicine 342, no. 9 (March 2, 2000): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200003023420919.

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Guardia, Jaime. "Book Review Hepatitis C (Biomedical Research Reports.) Edited by T. Jake Liang and Jay H. Hoofnagle. 493 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 2000. $99.95. 0-12-447870-0." New England Journal of Medicine 343, no. 25 (December 21, 2000): 1899–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200012213432517.

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Berga, Sarah L. "Book Review Menopause: Biology and Pathobiology Edited by Rogerio A. Lobo, Jennifer Kelsey, and Robert Marcus. 672 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 2000. $159.95. 0-12-453790-1." New England Journal of Medicine 343, no. 26 (December 28, 2000): 1976–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200012283432622.

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47

Ott, Susan. "Book Review Vitamin D Edited by David Feldman, with Francis H. Glorieux and J. Wesley Pike. 1285 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 1997. $175. 0-12-252685-6." New England Journal of Medicine 339, no. 12 (September 17, 1998): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199809173391222.

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Parmley, Tim H. "Book Review Encyclopedia of Reproduction Edited by Ernst Knobil and Jimmy D. Neill. 1297 pp. in four volumes, illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 1998. $495. 0-12-227020-7." New England Journal of Medicine 340, no. 19 (May 13, 1999): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199905133401921.

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49

Dennehy, Penelope H. "Book Review Encyclopedia of Virology Edited by Robert G. Webster and Allan Granoff. 1622 pp. in three volumes, illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 1994. $475. 0-12-226960-8." New England Journal of Medicine 331, no. 16 (October 20, 1994): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199410203311623.

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50

Dowsett, S. A., L. Archila, V. A. Segreto, C. R. Gonzalez, A. Silva, K. A. Vastola, R. D. Bartizek, and M. J. Kowolik. "Helicobacter pylori Infection in Indigenous Families of Central America: Serostatus and Oral and Fingernail Carriage." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 8 (1999): 2456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.8.2456-2460.1999.

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Helicobacter pylori infection remains one of the most common in humans, but the route of transmission of the bacterium is still uncertain. This study was designed to elucidate possible sources of infection in an isolated, rural population in Guatemala. A total of 242 subjects in family units participated in the study. A medical history, including a history of dyspepsia, was taken by a physician and immunoglobulin G antibodies to H. pylori were detected with the QuickVue (Quidel, San Diego, Calif.) onsite serology test. Overall, 58% of subjects were seropositive, with a positive relationship between mother and child (P = 0.02) and a positive correlation between the serostatuses of siblings (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.63). There was no association between serostatus and gastric symptoms. Oral H. pylori was detected from periodontal pockets of various depths and the dorsum of the tongue by nested PCR. Eighty-seven percent of subjects had at least one oral site positive for H. pylori, with the majority of subjects having multiple positive sites. There was no association between periodontal pocket depth and the detection of H. pylori. Nested PCR was also used to detect H. pylorifrom beneath the nail of the index finger of each subject’s dominant hand. Overall, 58% of subjects had a positive fingernail result, with a significant positive relationship between fingernail and tongue positivity (P = 0.002). In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that oral carriage of H. pylori may play a role in the transmission of infection and that the hand may be instrumental in transmission.

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