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Ekland-Olson, Sheldon, William R. Kelly, and Michael Eisenberg. "Crime and Incarceration: Some Comparative Findings from the 1980s." Crime & Delinquency 38, no. 3 (1992): 392–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128792038003007.
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Incarceration, crime, and unemployment rates from Texas, California, and the United States during the 1970s and 1980s are examined to explore the link between incarceration policies and crime rates. Comparing Texas and California, despite different incarceration policies in the 1980s, there are few differences in violent crime rate trends. By contrast, in the late 1980s, property crimes increased in Texas and decreased in California. These state-rate differences across types of crime parallel findings across four successive parolee cohorts in Texas, where increases in repetitious property offending patterns were noted, and repetitious violent offending remained stable. Variations in incarceration rates and economic conditions are noted as explanatory factors.
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Hess, Alan. "The Origins of McDonald's Golden Arches." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 45, no. 1 (1986): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990129.
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The original prototype for McDonald's drive-in hamburger stands featuring the full-scale golden arches and red-and-white tile walls was a major influence on roadside strips throughout the United States from its introduction in 1953 to its phased elimination in the 1970s and 1980s. Based on interviews with the original clients, architects, contractors, and franchisees, this paper documents for the first time how this popular-culture icon was created. Its development can be understood in the context of the car-strip's commercial and cultural requirements as it evolved and prospered after World War II. The perspective from the car and the linear expanse of the strip dictated the architecture's scale and simple form. The commercial function demanded an image appealing to customers in that era. Clients Richard and Maurice McDonald worked closely with architect Stanley Clark Meston to design a building that carried on the traditions of drive-ins of the 1920s and 1930s in Southern California and updated it in an appropriate and memorable aesthetic. This paper also documents the location, dates, and condition of the earliest stands franchised, in California and Arizona, based on interviews, building permits, and tours of the original sites.
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Würsig, Bernd, Thomas A. Jefferson, Gregory K. Silber, and Randall S. Wells. "Vaquita: beleaguered porpoise of the Gulf of California, México." Therya 12, no. 2 (2021): 187–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.12933/therya-21-1109.
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The vaquita (Phocoena sinus), an endemic porpoise of the Gulf of California, México, was first described scientifically in 1958, from three skulls. It is considered a sister taxon of an ancestor of the Southern Hemisphere Burmeister’s porpoise (P. spinipinnis) and spectacled porpoise (P. dioptrica), a case of antitropical distribution and speciation. Vaquita in modern times seem to have existed largely in waters 10 to 30 m deep of the very northern Gulf of California, and may have already existed in relatively low numbers by the 1950s and 1960s. The external appearance of the vaquita was not described until the late 1970s, and not until the 1980s and 1990s did additional information about ecology and biology emerge. Those studies and more recent shipboard and aerial visual line transect surveys, as well as stationary and boat-towed acoustic arrays, mapped occurrence patterns and approximate numbers in greater detail than before. The first credible estimates of abundance appeared in the 1990s, with numbers in the mid-hundreds and declining. While several reasons for the decline were originally postulated, mortality due to entanglement in nets has been established as the only known cause of decline, especially due to bycatch in large-mesh gillnets set for the endangered croaker fish totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi). This fish is prized in China for human consumption of its swim bladder, generally ground up for purported therapeutic purposes. An extensive, lucrative fishery for totoaba, now illegal for many decades, has existed since at least the 1920s, and has recently increased. Although there have been laudable attempts to stem or halt totoaba fishing, these have largely been unsuccessful, and as of this writing the vaquita is on the brink of extinction. However, rapid concentrated action against illegal fishing with gillnets may yet save the species, and hope (with attendant action) must be kept alive. This overview is followed by an appendix of a previously unpublished popular essay by K.S. Norris describing when, where, and how he first discovered the species, and subsequent early work relative to this newly-described porpoise.
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Wagner, Laura A., Linda Ownby, and Janet Gless. "The California Mentor Teacher Program in the 1980s and 1990s." Education and Urban Society 28, no. 1 (1995): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013124595028001003.
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Rosenthal, Nicolas G. "Rewriting the Narrative: American Indian Artists in California, 1960s–1980s." Western Historical Quarterly 49, no. 4 (2018): 409–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/why109.
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Klyza, Christopher McGrory. "Ideas, Institutions, and Policy Patterns: Hardrock Mining, Forestry, and Grazing Policy on United States Public Lands, 1870–1985." Studies in American Political Development 8, no. 2 (1994): 341–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00001279.
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From the mid–1800s through the mid–1980s, the federal government initiated programs to manage three types of resources on the lands that it controlled. The discovery of gold in California and elsewhere in the West prompted the first government policy in the 1860s. Debate over the nation's forests began in the 1870s, and a system of national forests to be managed by a federal Forest Service was created in the late 1800s and early 1900s. And in the 1930s, the government finally began to manage the lands no one wanted, its grazing lands. The federal government continues to be an active manager of national resources. Indeed, with control of nearly 30 percent of the nation's land, it is the largest land manager in the country.
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Johnson, Lorin, and Donald Bradburn. "Fleeing the Soviet Union, Dancing on the West Coast." Experiment 20, no. 1 (2014): 297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211730x-12341266.
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In the 1970s and 1980s, Los Angeles audiences saw Soviet defectors Mikhail Baryshnikov, Alexander Godunov, Natalia Makarova, and Rudolf Nureyev in the prime of their careers at the Hollywood Bowl, The Dorothy Chandler Pavilion and the Greek Theater. Dance photographer Donald Dale Bradburn, a local Southern California dancer describes his behind-the-scenes access to these dancers in this interview. Perfectly positioned as Dance Magazine’s Southern California correspondent, Bradburn offers a candid appraisal of the Southern California appeal for such high-power Russian artists as well as their impact on the arts of Los Angeles. An intimate view of Russian dancers practicing their craft on Los Angeles stages, Bradburn’s interview is illustrated by fourteen of his photographs, published for the first time in this issue of Experiment.
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Rosenthal, Nicolas G. "Rewriting the Narrative." California History 96, no. 4 (2019): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2019.96.4.54.
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A vibrant American Indian art scene developed in California from the 1960s to the 1980s, with links to a broader indigenous arts movement. Native American artists working in the state produced and exhibited paintings, prints, sculptures, mixed media, and other art forms that validated and documented their cultures, interpreted their history, asserted their survival, and explored their experiences in modern society. Building on recent scholarship that examines American Indian migration, urbanization, and activism in the twentieth century, this article charts these developments and argues that American Indian artists in California challenged and rewrote dominant historical narratives by foregrounding Native American perspectives in their work.
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Davy, Josh S., Larry C. Forero, Matthew W. K. Shapero, et al. "Mineral status of California beef cattle1." Translational Animal Science 3, no. 1 (2018): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txy114.
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Abstract Optimal mineral nutrition is required for cattle reproduction, immune function, and structural development. Formal evaluation of the current mineral status of California beef cattle is currently lacking. In 2017, a survey was initiated that evaluated a panel of 10 different minerals in 14 counties across California. Samples were collected from 555 cattle at 50 different ranches. Region of the state significantly affected herd mineral status. Herd use of supplements was also significant, and increased most blood levels of the mineral(s) targeted for supplementation. Forage source was idiosyncratic on its effect of mineral status. Previous blood survey data showed selenium to be widely deficient in California cattle in the 1970s and 1980s, but in this case, it was generally adequate in all areas of California. This indicates a good producer understanding of where supplementation is needed. Copper deficiency was more widespread in the southern region when compared with further north. Zinc deficiency was seen ubiquitously statewide, with 36% of animals being deficient. Manganese has been largely ignored in California. This study is the first known documentation of manganese levels in the state. Sampling found 92% of cattle fell below critical manganese levels. However, further research to better define manganese critical levels is probably warranted. The status of other minerals is presented.
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Barkan, E. R. "Return of the Nativists?: California Public Opinion and Immigration in the 1980s and 1990s." Social Science History 27, no. 2 (2003): 229–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01455532-27-2-229.
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Woodhouse, Keith Makoto. "Regulating Off-Road: The California Desert and Collaborative Environmentalism." Modern American History 2, no. 3 (2019): 321–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mah.2019.35.
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Historians often understand the 1970s and 1980s in terms of a declining New Deal order, in which an antistatist right as well as a conflicted relationship between public interest movements and administrative authorities undermined the notion of an effective federal government. Nowhere was the erosion of federal administration seemingly more apparent than in the West. An examination of the regulation of off-road racing in the California desert, focusing on everyday administration rather than on elections and lawsuits, reveals how federal agencies actually worked more collaboratively and productively with different interest groups than familiar narratives about these polarized decades would suggest. Contrary to depictions of federal agencies as administrating from afar, and of environmental organizations as overly litigious and out of touch, regulatory work in the California desert happened locally and through relationships shaped by new laws such as the National Environmental Policy Act.
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Torres-Rouff, David. "Becoming Mexican: Segregated Schools and Social Scientists in Southern California, 1913––1946." Southern California Quarterly 94, no. 1 (2012): 91–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2012.94.1.91.
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““Becoming Mexican”” traces the establishment of segregated schools for children of Mexican descent in southern California in the 1910s and 1920s. The resulting substandard education led to poor test results. Based on these low scores, social scientists in the 1930s and 1940s concluded that Mexican students were inherently inferior, buttressing a biological definition of racial inferiority with far-reaching consequences.
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Gaston, Anthony J., Douglas F. Bertram, Andrew W. Boyne, et al. "Changes in Canadian seabird populations and ecology since 1970 in relation to changes in oceanography and food webs." Environmental Reviews 17, NA (2009): 267–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a09-013.
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Systematic monitoring of seabird populations in Canada has been ongoing since the 1920s and the monitoring of diets and other biological indicators of ecosystem change started in the 1970s. Long-term monitoring of population parameters began in the 1980s. These studies originally were conducted mainly by the Canadian Wildlife Service, but subsequently have involved several universities and nongovernment organization groups. We review the results of this monitoring from the 1970s onwards for six oceanographic regions to assess population trends among Canadian seabirds and correlated trends in diets, phenology, and other breeding biology variables. Within regions, trends in most variables studied have been broadly congruent, but there was often variation among regions. In particular, seabird populations in the Pacific coast zone affected by the California Current upwelling system have shown generally negative trends since the 1980s, whereas trends for populations of the same species to the north of this zone have been mainly positive. Likewise, on the east coast, trends at Arctic colonies have been decoupled from those at colonies around Newfoundland and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, especially since the major cold water event of the early 1990s. Several long-term studies have shown an association between population events and diet and phenology changes. Diet and indicators of condition (chick growth, reproductive success) sometimes responded very rapidly to oceanic changes, making them excellent signals of ecosystem perturbations. The review highlights the effects of decadal-scale regime shifts on Canadian seabirds, confirms the value of long-term studies and supports the applicability of single-site observations to regional populations.
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Buehler, Ted, and Susan Handy. "Fifty Years of Bicycle Policy in Davis, California." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2074, no. 1 (2008): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2074-07.
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Davis, California, has long been known as the bicycle capital of the United States. In the 1960s, citizens lobbied for bike lanes to make bike travel safer. After 2 years of lobbying and 1 year of engineering, Davis created the first bike lanes in postwar America. After 1967, transportation in Davis was oriented toward the bicycle. The city's Public Works Department staff developed many innovative designs and programs that were fine-tuned in Davis and then exported elsewhere. The university and city worked together on engineering, education, enforcement, and encouragement efforts. In the 1980s, greenways were added to the system. Davis now has 50 mi of bike lanes and 50 mi of off-street paths in a 10-square-mi city, making a highly functional bicycle transportation system. However, bicycling levels have decreased since 1990, falling from 28% of work trips in 1980 to 14% in 2000. City and University of California, Davis, staff attribute this to changing demographics, intercity commuting, and increased transit. In addition, during this time, bicycle programs have contracted and infrastructure expansion has slowed. Application of theories of public policy change suggest that the advocacy efforts in the 1960s led to a policy shift emphasizing bicycling that continued through the mid-1990s, when most programs had dwindled or disappeared. In the future, a resurgence in advocacy might reverse the deterioration of bicycle programs and result in increased bicycle use by Davis residents.
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Kotikot, Susan M., and Olufemi A. Omitaomu. "Spatial–Temporal Patterns of Historical, Near-Term, and Projected Drought in the Conterminous United States." Hydrology 8, no. 3 (2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8030136.
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Major droughts in the United States have heavily impacted the hydrologic system, negatively effecting energy and food production. Improved understanding of historical drought is critical for accurate forecasts. Data from global climate models (GCMs), commonly used to assess drought, cannot effectively evaluate local patterns because of their low spatial scale. This research leverages downscaled (~4 km grid spacing) temperature and precipitation estimates from nine GCMs’ data under the business-as-usual scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5) to examine drought patterns. Drought severity is estimated using the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) with the Thornthwaite evapotranspiration method. The specific objectives were (1) To reproduce historical (1966–2005) drought and calculate near-term to future (2011–2050) drought patterns over the conterminous USA. (2) To uncover the local variability of spatial drought patterns in California between 2012 and 2018 using a network-based approach. Our estimates of land proportions affected by drought agree with the known historical drought events of the mid-1960s, late 1970s to early 1980s, early 2000s, and between 2012 and 2015. Network analysis showed heterogeneity in spatial drought patterns in California, indicating local variability of drought occurrence. The high spatial scale at which the analysis was performed allowed us to uncover significant local differences in drought patterns. This is critical for highlighting possible weak systems that could inform adaptation strategies such as in the energy and agricultural sectors.
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Viscusi, W. Kip, and Patricia Born. "THE PERFORMANCE OF THE 1980S CALIFORNIA INSURANCE AND LIABILITY REFORMS." Risk Management & Insurance Review 2, no. 2 (1999): 14–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6296.1999.tb00049.x.
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Kruse, Kammie L., James R. Lovvorn, John Y. Takekawa, and Jeffrey Mackay. "Winter Distribution and Survival of a High-Desert Breeding Population of Canvasbacks." Condor 105, no. 4 (2003): 791–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/105.4.791.
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AbstractThe southernmost major breeding area of Canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) is located at the Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, in the high desert of the western Great Basin. We determined winter distributions, recovery rates, and survival for Canvasbacks banded in Nevada from March to November, 1968–2000. Winter recovery distributions did not differ by sex or age, but differed between direct recoveries (same year as banding) and indirect recoveries (after year of banding), indicating variable site use between years. Of direct band returns (October–March), 92% were from the Pacific Flyway and 56% were from California alone. In California, recovery distributions shifted from southern California and the San Francisco Bay estuary in the 1970s to the Central Valley in the 1980s and 1990s. In the 1990s, there were no recoveries in San Francisco Bay, historically the major wintering area for Canvasbacks in the Pacific Flyway. Adult and juvenile survival decreased by 24% between the 1980s and 1990s. Ruby Lake Canvasbacks exhibited weaker fidelity to wintering sites than Canvasbacks wintering on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Moreover, no major concentrations occurred during fall migration, unlike patterns in eastern North America. Shifts in distribution and survival may correspond to effects of El Niño weather on habitat conditions in Nevada and San Francisco Bay, and to major improvements in water delivery and wetland restoration in the Central Valley. Canvasbacks that use widely distributed and variable habitats may be good indicators of the effects of changing climate and water-use practices on waterbirds throughout this arid region.Distribución Invernal y Supervivencia de una Población Reproductiva de Aythya valisineria en un Desierto de AlturaResumen. La principal área reproductiva más meridional de Aythya valisineria está localizada en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre de Lake Ruby, Nevada, en el desierto de altura de la gran depresión occidental. En este estudio, determinamos la distribución invernal, las tasas de recobramiento y la supervivencia para individuos de A. valisineria anillados en Nevada de marzo a noviembre entre 1968 y 2000. Las distribuciones de los recobramientos invernales no difirieron entre sexos ni edades, pero difirieron entre recobramientos directos (del mismo año de anillamiento) e indirectos (después del año de anillamiento), indicando que el uso de sitio era variable entre años. De los recobramientos directos de anillos (octubre–marzo), el 92% fueron del corredor de vuelo del Pacífico y el 56% fueron sólo de California. En California, la distribución de los recobramientos cambió del sur de California y el estuario de la bahía de San Francisco en los 1970s al Valle Central en los 1980s y 1990s. En los 1990s, no hubo recobramientos en la bahía de San Francisco, históricamente el área de invernada principal de A. valisineria en el corredor de vuelo del Pacífico. La supervivencia de adultos y juveniles disminuyó en un 24% entre los 1980s y 1990s. Los individuos de A. valisineria de Ruby Lake exhibieron una fidelidad más débil a sus sitios de invernada que aquellos que invernan en las costas Atlántica y del Golfo. Más aún, no se presentaron grandes concentraciones durante la migración de otoño, a diferencia de los patrones del este de Norte América. Los cambios en la distribución y la supervivencia podrían corresponder a los efectos del clima de El Niño sobre las condiciones del hábitat en Nevada y la bahía de San Francisco, y a grandes mejoras en el reparto de agua y la restauración de humedales en el Valle Central. Los patos A. valisineria, que utilizan hábitats ampliamente distribuidos y variables, podrían ser buenos indicadores de los efectos de los cambios climáticos y las prácticas de uso de agua sobre las aves acuáticas a través de esta región árida.
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Chu, Clara, and Todd Honma. "Libraries as Contested Community and Cultural Space: The Bruggemeyer Memorial Library of Monterey Park, California." AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community 5, no. 1 (2007): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus5.1_33-57_chuetal.
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In the City of Monterey Park, a sleepy city, east of downtown Los Angeles, the late 1970s and the1980s marked a dramatic demographic shift from predominantly White to Asian American. Who had economic and political power was publicly played out through struggles between the city council and the business sectors. An unlikely locus for political struggle was the Bruggemeyer Memorial Library. In the late-1980s, what many might consider to be a neutral agency that collects, organizes and disseminates information, the public library became the battleground to (re)claim community, access and representation of Asian Americans in Monterey Park. By contextualizing the library as civic space, this paper explores dominant U.S. hegemonic ideologies and political agendas reproduced in cultural institutions, such as libraries.
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Collins, Paul W., Noel F. R. Snyder, and Steven D. Emslie. "Faunal Remains in California Condor Nest Caves." Condor 102, no. 1 (2000): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.1.222.
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Abstract Studies of faunal remains in California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) nests in the 1980s yielded bones and hair of a variety of small, medium-sized, and large mammals, and a near absence of avian and reptilian materials. A prevalence of small to medium-sized species may reflect ease of penetration of hides of such carrion and a relative abundance of ingestible bone from such species. Remains also included metal, plastic, and glass artifacts, likely mistaken for bone materials by condors. Size distributions of bone materials and percentage artifacts among hard remains suggest an overall absence of severe calcium-supply problems for condors.
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BELL, JONATHAN. "SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AND THE RISE OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY IN CALIFORNIA, 1950–1964." Historical Journal 49, no. 2 (2006): 497–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x06005309.
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In the 1950s the Democratic Party in California grew from a struggling, rump organization into the major political party in the state. This was in large part due to the activities of a network of liberal activists in the California Democratic Council, a group formed in 1953 to encourage the creation of local Democratic ‘clubs’ across California in which those interested in left-of-centre politics could debate issues of the day and campaign for Democratic candidates in elections. This article argues that the rise of the Democrats in the Golden State was predicated on the espousal by both amateur activists and party politicians of an explicitly social democratic ideology that provided a bridge between the policies of the New Deal in the 1930s and the more ambitious goals of the Great Society at the national level in the 1960s. The article examines the ideas embraced by liberal politicians in the 1950s and looks at how those ideas underpinned a massive expansion of California's welfare state in the early 1960s.
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Allen, William Duncan. "An Overview of Black Concert Music and Musicians in Northern California from the 1940s to the 1980s." Black Music Research Journal 9, no. 1 (1989): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/779433.
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Case, James T., Karen W. Sverlow, and Bruce J. Reynolds. "A Novel Protein Polymorphism Differentiates the California Serotype of Infectious Bronchitis from other Serotypes Common to California." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 9, no. 2 (1997): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879700900207.
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The California (Cal) serotype of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was isolated from layer flocks in southern California in the early 1980s. Since then, it has spread to the broiler-producing regions of central California, where it has been implicated in respiratory disease outbreaks in vaccinated flocks. Lack of a procedure for quickly identifying IBV serotypes in commercial chicken flocks has prevented the causal association of the IBV Cal serotype with respiratory disease outbreaks. A protein polymorphism has been identified in the matrix protein of the Cal serotype; it appears to be unique among other common serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus found in California. This polymorphism can be identified on western blots using raw or concentrated infectious allantoic fluid as the source material. Identification of the Cal serotype and of serotypes in the Mass and Conn groups can be performed rapidly using field samples from suspect flocks. The identification of this polymorphism provides an alternative method for the rapid identification of the Cal serotype of IBV.
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Yang, Song, X. Ding, D. Zheng, and Q. Li. "Depiction of the Variations of Great Plains Precipitation and Its Relationship with Tropical Central-Eastern Pacific SST." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 46, no. 2 (2007): 136–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2455.1.
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Abstract Several advanced analysis tools are applied to depict the time–frequency characteristics of the variations of Great Plains (GP) precipitation and its relationship with tropical central-eastern Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature (SST). These tools are advantageous because they reveal the detailed features of the dominant time scales of precipitation variations, the combined effects of multiscale oscillating signals on the intensity of precipitation, and the variations of SST–precipitation relationships in time and frequency domains. The variability of GP precipitation is characterized by strong annual and semiannual signals, which have the most stable oscillating frequencies and the largest amplitudes. However, nonseasonal signals, which are less oscillatory and have smaller amplitudes and more variable frequencies with time, also contribute significantly to precipitation variability and may modify the seasonal cycle of GP precipitation. The phase of these nonseasonal signals is in phase (out of phase) with that of seasonal signals during the periods of heavy (deficient) precipitation. Significant correlations exist between GP precipitation and Niño-3.4 SST, and the strongest relationship appears when the SST leads the precipitation by 1 month. The GP precipitation increases (decreases) during El Niño (La Niña) episodes. Significant relationships appear on semiannual and annual time scales in the 1950s and on interannual time scales in the 1910s, 1940s, and 1980s. A particularly significant relationship appears on biennial time scales in the 1980s. The revealed SST–precipitation relationship is strongly seasonally dependent, with the greatest significance in summer. Warming of tropical central-eastern Pacific SST weakens the overlying easterly trade winds and strengthens the northward moisture supply from Central America through the Gulf of Mexico to the Great Plains. This dominant SST influence prevails in all seasons. However, the moisture transport from the southwest coast and the Gulf of California also contributes to the variability of GP precipitation in September–November, December–February, and March–May. In June–August, the increase in GP precipitation is caused by convergence between anomalous northerly flow over the northern plains, associated with the warming in the northeastern Pacific, and southerly flow over the southern plains, associated with the warming in the tropical central-eastern Pacific.
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Schilling, Oleg. "Guest Editor's Preface: The Eighth International Workshop on the Physics of Compressible Turbulent Mixing." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 3 (2003): 301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460321301x.
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This issue of Laser and Particle Beams contains 27 contributed articles based on presentations given at the eighth International Workshop on the Physics of Compressible Turbulent Mixing (IWPCTM) (see http://www.llnl.gov/IWPCTM), held at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California from December 9 to 14, 2001, and organized jointly by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and the California Institute of Technology. This conference is the eighth in a biennial series of conferences on the general subject of experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies of compressible turbulent mixing, initiated by LLNL in the late 1980s. Previous conferences were held in Princeton, New Jersey (1988), Pleasanton, California (1989), Royaumont, France (1991), Cambridge, United Kingdom (1993), Stony Brook, New York (1995), Marseille, France (1997), and St. Petersburg, Russia (1999). The ninth IWPCTM is to be held at the University of Cambridge in 2004.
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Gillies, Esther H. "The Witch-Hunt Narrative." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 6 (2017): 956–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516657353.
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Responding to Ross E. Cheit’s Witch-Hunt Narrative, this article is a commentary chronicling the emergence of child sexual abuse as a social issue in Los Angeles County in the 1980s. Based on the responses to child sexual abuse in Los Angeles County as experienced by one social worker during the McMartin years, it discusses the impact of the McMartin case on the identification and intervention in child sexual abuse cases and tracks the evolution and changes that took place in the 1980s and 1990s in Southern California. It offers some insight into a rationale for the denial of child sexual abuse which continues to this day.
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Fleskes, Joseph P., Brian J. Halstead, Michael L. Casazza, Peter S. Coates, Jeffrey D. Kohl, and Daniel A. Skalos. "Waste Rice Seed in Conventional and Stripper-Head Harvested Fields in California: Implications for Wintering Waterfowl." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 3, no. 2 (2012): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/022012-jfwm-014.
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Abstract Waste rice seed is an important food for wintering waterfowl and current estimates of its availability are needed to determine the carrying capacity of rice fields and guide habitat conservation. We used a line-intercept method to estimate mass-density of rice seed remaining after harvest during 2010 in the Sacramento Valley (SACV) of California and compared results with estimates from previous studies in the SACV and Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). Posterior mean (95% credible interval) estimates of total waste rice seed mass-density for the SACV in 2010 were 388 (336–449) kg/ha in conventionally harvested fields and 245 (198–307) kg/ha in stripper-head harvested fields; the 2010 mass-density is nearly identical to the mid-1980s estimate for conventionally harvested fields but 36% lower than the mid-1990s estimate for stripped fields. About 18% of SACV fields were stripper-head harvested in 2010 vs. 9–15% in the mid-1990s and 0% in the mid-1980s; but due to a 50% increase in planted rice area, total mass of waste rice seed in SACV remaining after harvest in 2010 was 43% greater than in the mid-1980s. However, total mass of seed-eating waterfowl also increased 82%, and the ratio of waste rice seed to seed-eating waterfowl mass was 21% smaller in 2010 than in the mid-1980s. Mass-densities of waste rice remaining after harvest in SACV fields are within the range reported for MAV fields. However, because there is a lag between harvest and waterfowl use in the MAV but not in the SACV, seed loss is greater in the MAV and estimated waste seed mass-density available to wintering waterfowl in SACV fields is about 5–30 times recent MAV estimates. Waste rice seed remains an abundant food source for waterfowl wintering in the SACV, but increased use of stripper-head harvesters would reduce this food. To provide accurate data on carrying capacities of rice fields necessary for conservation planning, trends in planted rice area, harvest method, and postharvest field treatment should be tracked and impacts of postharvest field treatment and other farming practices on waste rice seed availability should be investigated.
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Pomerleau, Clark A. "Empowering Members, Not Overpowering Them: The National Organization for Women, Calls for Lesbian Inclusion, and California Influence, 1960s–1980s." Journal of Homosexuality 57, no. 7 (2010): 842–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2010.493414.
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Ong, Paul, Melany Dela Cruz-Viesca, and Don Nakanishi. "Awakening the New “Sleeping Giant”?: Asian American Political Engagement." AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community 6, no. 1 (2008): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus6.1_1-10_ongetal.
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The 2008 election was a milestone in the emergence of Asian Americans as a factor in American politics, with national television news networks openly discussing and analyzing California’s Asian American voters. Most mainstream analysis, however, had very little in-depth understanding of the population. This essay provides some insights into the absolute and relative size of the Asian American population, along with key demographic characteristics, their participation in electoral politics, some of the barriers the encounter, and future prospects. The brief is based on analyzing the most recently available data, the 2006 American Community Survey (ACS) and the 2006 November Current Population Survey (CPS). This analysis builds on a previous analytical brief which examined the emergence of Asian Americans as California politics’ new “sleeping giant,” a term that was applied to Hispanics in the 1980s and 1990s because of their rapid growing numbers.
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Tillman, Robert. "Abandoned Consumers: Deregulation and Fraud in the California Auto Insurance Industry." Social Policy and Society 2, no. 1 (2003): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746403001064.
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This paper presents a case study of frauds committed by offshore companies in the California auto insurance market in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The opportunities for these crimes were created by two factors: the departure of legitimate insurance companies from the market and the adoption of deregulatory policies by state regulators. The case study illustrates some of the consequences of the increasingly common situation in the US in which consumers find themselves abandoned both by government and by legitimate providers of goods and services. The criminal consequences of this situation have also been observed in other markets.
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Rosenberg, Susan. "Investigating Theatricality in Trisha Brown’s Work: Five Unstudied Dances, 1966–1969." Arts 10, no. 2 (2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts10020031.
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Trisha Brown (1936–2017) forged her artistic identity as part of Judson Dance Theater, which embraced everyday pedestrian movement as dance. Between 1966 and 1969, Brown’s work took a surprisingly theatrical turn. Five unstudied dances from this period reflect concerns with autobiography, psychology, and catharsis, influences of her exposure to trends in Gestalt therapy and dance therapy during a sojourn in California (1963–1965). Brown let these works fall from her repertory because she did not consider them to qualify as ‘art’. Close readings of these works shed light on a period in Brown’s career before she rejected subjectivity as the basis for her creative process prior to her consolidation of her identity as an abstract choreographer in the 1970s and 1980s, while raising intriguing questions as to Brown’s late-career devotion to exploring emotion, drama and empathy in the operas and song cycle that she directed between 1998 and 2003.
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Katzenstein, Mary Fainsod. "Maneuvers; the International Politics of Militarizing Women’s Lives. By Cynthia Enloe. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. 418p. $45.00 cloth, $17.95 paper." American Political Science Review 95, no. 1 (2001): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055401772012.
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When I was an undergraduate in the 1960s, as the Vietnam conflict was escalating, I took Stanley Hoffmann's mesmeriz- ing course, "Causes of War." I thought back to this class as I read Cynthia Enloe's book, which deserves all the superla- tives it has accrued. The experience of reading now and remembering back left me wondering: Without Enloe to consult (her first book on militarism and gender came out in the early 1980s), what were we missing in Hoffmann's class? The answer, I think, is this: We could understand well enough the contending theories about why nations go to war; but in the absence of Enloe, we were less able to ask how militaries could manage such massive mobilizations that required the often calamitous sacrifice of precious lives even for wars whose purposes seemed remote or unconvincing.
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Holts, DB, and DW Bedford. "Horizontal and vertical movements of the shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus, in the Southern California Bight." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 6 (1993): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930901.
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Recreational and commercial fishing effort directed at the shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus, off the coast of southern California increased markedly in the mid 1980s. However, very little is known about the population size, stock structure or movements of these sharks in the northern Pacific. It is important to determine their role in these waters because the southern California bight may be an important pupping and nursery area for shortfin mako sharks. Acoustic telemetry was used to identify short-term horizontal and vertical movements of three shortfin mako sharks in the southern California bight during the summer of 1989. All three sharks were two-year-old juveniles and were tracked for periods of from 18 to 25 h. They spent 90% of their time in the mixed layer, with only infrequent excursions below the thermocline. Vertical and horizontal movements did not indicate any diel activity pattern associated with distance to the shore or nearby islands or with bottom topography.
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Collado-Rodríguez, Francisco. "Rise of the living dead in Thomas Pynchon’s “Vineland”." Journal of English Studies 14 (December 16, 2016): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.2858.
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Oedipa Maas’s anti-categorical revelation that middles should not be excluded in Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49 is understood by its author in more debatable terms two decades later, once it is clear that the 1960s struggles for revolution have come to a stop. In 1990 the literary space of Vineland is revealed as a failed refuge where Pynchon ironizes on the notion of balance by portraying a living dead icon represented by the Thanatoids. As predicted in The Crying of Lot 49, all sorts of simulacra have taken over 1980s California to propitiate a coming back to conservative ideology. In Vineland, the new icon is cunningly associated to magical realism, a hybrid mode that points to the writer’s concern with anti-categorical middles but also with the ultimate impossibility to fulfill Oedipa’s alleged revelation. Thus, the iconic living dead become a bleak intratextual response to the purportedly optimistic social views of Pynchon’s second novel.
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Liu, H. Y., J. L. Sears, C. Obermeier, et al. "First Report of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus Isolated from Lettuce." Plant Disease 83, no. 3 (1999): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.3.301b.
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In recent years a disease causing dieback and necrosis of Romaine and leaf lettuce has become increasingly important in California and incidence is becoming more widespread. This disease has been primarily found in areas where soil has been dredged from a river or in flooded land. Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) isolates have been isolated from roots and leaves of symptomatic lettuce. The particles are isometric with a diameter of 30 nm. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) profiles are identical to the tomato and Prunus isolates of TBSV. However, spurs are formed in agar double diffusion tests when antisera to the tomato and Prunus isolates were used. A similar dieback disease of lettuce was observed in several counties of California during the mid-1980s. Symptoms of this disease are very similar to those described for the “brown blight” disease of lettuce reported in the 1920s (1), including severe stunting of plants and extensive chlorosis, mottling, and necrosis of older leaves. Plants infected early in their development may die. Although inoculation under greenhouse conditions has not reproduced the dieback disease in lettuce, TBSV has been consistently isolated from field-grown, symptomatic lettuce. The question of whether this new dieback disease of lettuce is caused only by lettuce isolates of TBSV or if some other viruses are also involved needs further studies. Reference: (1) I. C. Jagger. Phytopathology 30:53, 1940.
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Roth, Jennifer E., Nadav Nur, Pete Warzybok, and William J. Sydeman. "Annual prey consumption of a dominant seabird, the common murre, in the California Current system." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 6 (2008): 1046–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn077.
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Abstract Roth, J. E., Nur, N., Warzybok, P., and Sydeman, W. J. 2008. Annual prey consumption of a dominant seabird, the common murre, in the California Current system. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1046–1056. Information compiled from the literature on population size, diet composition, field metabolic rate, prey energy densities, and assimilation efficiency is used to estimate annual prey consumption by common murres (Uria aalge), between Cape Blanco, OR, and Point Conception, CA, USA. The population consumed an estimated 172 313 t of prey based on population estimates and diet data from the mid- to the late 1980s, including 50 125 t consumed by breeding adults, 36 940 t by non-breeding birds during the breeding season, 85 098 t by all birds during the wintering period, and 150 t by dependent chicks before their leaving the breeding colonies. The population in the mid-2000s consumed 225 235 t of prey based on population estimates from 2004, including 65 516 t consumed by breeding adults, 48 283 t by non-breeding birds during the breeding season, 111 226 t by all birds during the wintering period, and 210 t by chicks at breeding colonies. Monte Carlo simulations indicated that the coefficients of variation around our overall prey consumption estimates were ±14.4% for the 1980s and ±13.2% for the 2000s.
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Rosner, David, and Gerald Markowitz. "Hospitals, Insurance, and the American Labor Movement: The Case of New York in the Postwar Decades." Journal of Policy History 9, no. 1 (1997): 74–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600005832.
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In the summer of 1989, an extended strike by the various “Baby Bell” telephone companies, including those of New York, Massachusetts, California, and thirteen other states in the Northeast, Midwest, and West Coast, brought to public attention the importance of health and hospital insurance to the nation's workers. In what theLos Angeles Timesheadline proclaimed was a “Phone Strike Centered on the Issue of Health Care,” workers at NYNEX, Pacific Bell, and Bell Atlantic went out on strike over management's insistence that the unions pay a greater portion of their hospital insurance premiums. In contrast to their willingness to grant wage concessions throughout most of the 1980s, the unions and their membership struck to protect what was once considered a “fringe” benefit of union membership. What had been a trivial cost to companies in the 1940s and 1950s had risen to 7.9 percent of payroll in 1984 and 13.6 percent by 1989. Unable to control the industry that had formed around hospitals, doctors, drug companies, and insurance, portions of the labor movement redefined its central mission: the fringes of the previous forty years were now central concerns. In the words of one local president engaged in the bitter communication workers strike: “‘It took us 40 years of collective bargaining’ to reach a contract in which the employer contributed [substantially to] the costs of health care, ‘and now they want to go in one fell swoop backward.’”
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Schultheiss, William, Rebecca L. Sanders, and Jennifer Toole. "A Historical Perspective on the AASHTO Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities and the Impact of the Vehicular Cycling Movement." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 13 (2018): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118798482.
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This paper draws from a literature review and interviews to demonstrate the impact of advocacy, research, and culture on guidance for design users, bike lanes, and separated (protected) bike lanes in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials’ bicycle guides’ content from 1974 to present. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, a bicycle renaissance in America resulted in efforts at the local, state, and federal level to encourage bicycling. After Davis, California, became the first community in the United States to build a network of bike lanes, a new brand of bicycle advocacy, vehicular cycling (VC), formed to oppose efforts to separate bicyclists from motorized traffic based on fears of losing the right to use public roads. Via positions of power and strong rhetoric, vehicular cyclists influenced design guidance for decades to come. Through the 1980s, VC philosophy aligned with a federal view that bicyclists freeloaded from the gas tax, resulting in diminished federal support for guidance and related research throughout the decade. However, the passing of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 led to increased bicycle networks and renewed interest in bicycle facility research. Although vehicular cyclists continue to oppose roadway designs that separate bicyclists from motorized traffic, research from the last decade demonstrates networks of separated bike lanes improve bicyclist safety and are necessary to meet the needs of the vast majority of the public who want to bicycle but feel unsafe in many traffic contexts.
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Anderson, Christine M., та Margo G. Haygood. "α-Proteobacterial Symbionts of Marine Bryozoans in the Genus Watersipora". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, № 1 (2006): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00604-06.
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ABSTRACT Bacterial symbionts that resembled mollicutes were discovered in the marine bryozoan Watersipora arcuata in the 1980s. In this study, we used PCR and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, specific fluorescence in situ hybridization, and phylogenetic analysis to determine that the bacterial symbionts of “W. subtorquata” and “W. arcuata” from several locations along the California coast are actually closely related α-Proteobacteria, not mollicutes. We propose the names “Candidatus Endowatersipora palomitas” and “Candidatus Endowatersipora rubus” for the symbionts of “W. subtorquata” and “W. arcuata,” respectively.
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Dill, Jennifer. "Mandatory Employer-Based Trip Reduction: What Happened?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1618, no. 1 (1998): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1618-12.
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During the 1980s and 1990s, California witnessed the widespread adoption and rejection of a policy known as mandatory employer-based trip reduction (EBTR). Mandatory EBTR was implemented largely through city and county ordinances and air district rules. EBTR rules and ordinances required employers to implement programs to reduce the number of employees driving vehicles to their worksite. The programs were adopted to reduce traffic congestion, pollutant emissions, or both. However, opposition to mandatory programs from the business community led to their prohibition in California in 1995. The purpose of this paper is to examine the history of mandatory EBTR and to help answer the broad question, What happened? The research found that key factors in the demise of mandatory EBTR included issues of problem definition, goal setting, adoption and implementation process, regulatory approaches, costs, analysis of results, and context.
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Rao, Nirupama L. "Taxes and US Oil Production: Evidence from California and the Windfall Profit Tax." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 10, no. 4 (2018): 268–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20140483.
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The recent boom in US oil production has prompted debates on levying new taxes on oil. This paper uses new well-level production data and price variation from federal oil taxes and price controls to assess how taxes affected production. After-tax price elasticity estimates range between 0.295 (0.038) and 0.371 (0.025). Response along the shut-in margin is minimal. There is no evidence of spatial shifting of production to minimize tax liabilities. Taken together, the results suggest that taxes reduced domestic production in the 1980s, and the response largely came from wells that continued to pump oil, but at a reduced rate. (JEL H25, H32, L71, L78, Q35, Q38)
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Zeller, Benjamin E. "New Religious Movements and Food." Nova Religio 23, no. 1 (2019): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2019.23.1.5.
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This special issue of Nova Religio brings together four articles that examine particular intersections of new religious movements and food. Dan McKanan examines spiritual food practices within the loose network of spiritual movements associated with Anthroposophy, the turn of the century “spiritual science” developed by Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925) that continues to have resonance today. Susannah Crockford contributes an article on fasting traditions in the contemporary New Age movement, based on her ethnographic fieldwork in Sedona, Arizona. Dusty Hoesly writes on the countercultural California group the Brotherhood of the Sun, which operated a series of highly successful food businesses in the 1970s and 1980s, and which he situates within a tradition of mindful food production and consumption. Constance Elsberg’s study of food practices and food entrepreneurship in Yogi Bhajan’s (1929–2004) Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization (3HO) movement uses the lens of food to examine the group’s growth, institutionalization, and subsequent struggles. This introduction contextualizes these four movements, and other new religious movements, in terms of their engagement with food, using the lenses of social, cultural, economic, and structural factors.
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Camposeco, Jeronimo, and Allan Burns. "Working Alongside each other for 30 Years: Jeronimo Camposeco, Allan Burns and Maya Communities in Florida." Practicing Anthropology 34, no. 1 (2012): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.34.1.y2xh47743842rx0v.
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Although the Maya Diaspora is often seen as the result of the Civil War in Guatemala during the 1980s, small numbers of Maya were becoming experienced travelers to El Norte from the 1970s. I was a teacher at the Acatec Parochial School of San Miguel starting in 1960, and the people in that area had great economic problems from unproductive lands. Much of the land was stony and the fields were located on the slopes of the mountains, therefore people went to look for temporary work in the lowland plantations. Many people ventured to the nearby cities: Comitan and Comalapa, Chiapas, Mexico, to get clothes, hats, shoes, food and drinks to sell in their villages. One of them, Juan Diego from San Rafael, in one of his trips in early 1970, met a Mexican who told him about economic opportunities in the United States. Afterward they decided to go to Los Angeles, California. Later on, he helped his friend Jose Francisco Aguirre (Chepe) from San Miguel to come to Los Angeles.
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Kofron, Christopher P., and Francis X. Villablanca. "Decline of the Endangered Morro Bay Kangaroo Rat in California." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 7, no. 1 (2016): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/102014-jfwm-078.
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AbstractThe Morro Bay kangaroo rat Dipodomys heermanni morroensis occurs in the vicinity of Morro Bay (specifically in and near Los Osos) in western San Luis Obispo County in coastal central California. It was listed as endangered pursuant to the U.S. Endangered Species Conservation Act in 1970 and subsequently the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1973. Field research from the late 1950s to the mid-1980s has documented a rapid population decline. Despite many efforts, researchers have not captured the Morro Bay kangaroo rat since 1986, and the last captive individual died in 1993. We review the biology and conservation status of the Morro Bay kangaroo rat, including taxonomy and genetics, soil type and burrows, history of decline, primary causes of decline, breeding in the wild and in captivity, habitat restoration, and threats. In particular, there are two primary causes of decline. First, development (urban, agricultural, and industrial) has resulted in direct loss of habitat. Second, in the absence of fire, the early seral stages of coastal dune scrub (optimal habitat) have matured to later successional stages of vegetation, which are denser and with substantially fewer annual food plants, and which negatively impact the locomotion of kangaroo rats and change the diversity of the small mammal community with a likely increase in competition. In 2016 only pockets of habitat remain, with optimal habitat comprising an estimated 1% of the historical geographic range. Although researchers have not demonstrated predation by domestic cats, it is likely a major threat and we suspect it has contributed to the decline based upon a review of the literature. In 2011 we observed potential signs of the Morro Bay kangaroo rat at two historical areas, which suggests it may be persisting at extremely low densities in a few isolated colonies. In addition, we could not obtain permission to survey on four private properties with potential habitat. In consideration of the vast loss and fragmentation of its habitat, along with the continuing and pervasive threats, the Morro Bay kangaroo rat is clearly conservation-reliant. We believe that without urgent human intervention, the Morro Bay kangaroo rat will soon become extinct if it is not already.
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de Boer, Hugo J., Iain Robertson, Rory Clisby, et al. "Tree-ring isotopes suggest atmospheric drying limits temperature–growth responses of treeline bristlecone pine." Tree Physiology 39, no. 6 (2019): 983–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpz018.
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Abstract Altitudinally separated bristlecone pine populations in the White Mountains (California, USA) exhibit differential climate–growth responses as temperature and tree-water relations change with altitude. These populations provide a natural experiment to explore the ecophysiological adaptations of this unique tree species to the twentieth century climate variability. We developed absolutely dated annual ring-width chronologies, and cellulose stable carbon and oxygen isotope chronologies from bristlecone pine growing at the treeline (~3500 m) and ~200 m below for the period AD 1710–2010. These chronologies were interpreted in terms of ecophysiological adaptations to climate variability with a dual-isotope model and a leaf gas exchange model. Ring widths show positive tree growth anomalies at treeline and consistent slower growth below treeline in relation to the twentieth century warming and associated atmospheric drying until the 1980s. Growth rates of both populations declined during and after the 1980s when growing-season temperature and atmospheric vapour pressure deficit continued to increase. Our model-based interpretations of the cellulose stable isotopes indicate that positive treeline growth anomalies prior to the 1980s were related to increased stomatal conductance and leaf-level transpiration and photosynthesis. Reduced growth since the 1980s occurred with a shift to more conservative leaf gas exchange in both the treeline and below-treeline populations, whereas leaf-level photosynthesis continued to increase in response to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Our results suggest that warming-induced atmospheric drying confounds positive growth responses of apparent temperature-limited bristlecone pine populations at treeline. In addition, the observed ecophysiological responses of attitudinally separated bristlecone pine populations illustrate the sensitivity of conifers to climate change.
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Yang, Jin, Qingqing Liu, Fanfan Zhao, Xiaojie Feng, Rahel Elishilia Kaaya, and Jun Lyu. "Incidence of and sociological risk factors for suicide death in patients with leukemia: A population-based study." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 5 (2020): 030006052092246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520922463.
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Objectives Suicide is closely related to sociological factors, but sociological analyses of suicide risk in leukemia are lacking. This study is the first to use the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database to analyze sociological risk factors for suicide death in leukemia patients. Methods A retrospective search of the SEER database was conducted. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for suicide death. Variables significant in the univariate logistic regression models were subsequently analyzed using multivariate regression. Results The death rate was highest in California (1.73%). Suicide mortality was more common during the 1970s and 1980s, after which it trended downward. Young age at diagnosis (18–34 vs. >64 years: odds ratio [OR] = 1.537, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.007–2.347; 35–64 vs. >64 years: OR = 1.610, 95% CI = 1.309–1.979), being male (OR = 1.518, 95% CI = 1.230–1.873), and living where a high proportion of people have at least a bachelor’s degree (>50% vs. <20%: OR = 8.115, 95% CI = 5.053–13.034) significantly increased suicide death risk. Conclusion Our findings could increase clinician awareness of and appropriate support for leukemia patients at risk of death by suicide.
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GRANT, AMY. "Black Handsworth: Race in 1980s Britain. By Kieran Connell. University of California Press. 2019. xiii + 220pp. £27.00." History 105, no. 366 (2020): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-229x.12985.
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Peña, Jose G. "Pecan Production Trends: A Comparison of Production in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States." HortTechnology 5, no. 3 (1995): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.5.3.202.
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The United States pecan industry experienced dynamic production changes during the last 25 years. Production in Georgia, the leading state, experienced serious problems during the late 1980s and early 1990s as a result of orchard crowding, old orchards, high incidence of diseases, and other problems. During the same 25-year period, plantings and production shifted to the southwestern United States to new production centers in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California under a drier, more-favorable growing environment. Although the southeastern region continues to lead the nation in annual pecan production due to the high number and concentration of orchards with improved varieties, production in the southwestern region eventually may dominate the industry.
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Cohen, David K. "A Revolution in One Classroom: The Case of Mrs. Oublier." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 12, no. 3 (1990): 311–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737012003311.
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This essay probes the relationship between instructional policy and teaching practice. In the mid 1980s, California State officials launched an ambitious effort to revise mathematics teaching and learning. The aim was to replace mechanical memorization with mathematical understanding. This essay considers one teacher’s response to the new policy. She sees herself as a success for the policy: she believes that she has revolutionized her mathematics teaching. But observation of her classroom reveals that the innovations in her teaching have been filtered through a very traditional approach to instruction. The result is a remarkable melange of novel and traditional material. Policy has affected practice in this case, but practice has had an even greater effect on policy.
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Kwak, Nancy H. "Anti-gentrification Campaigns and the Fight for Local Control in California Cities." New Global Studies 12, no. 1 (2018): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2018-0008.
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Abstract Gentrification is integral to the functioning of global cities: international developers raze old housing and renovate industrial lofts for elite service workers seeking central-city accommodations. In the process, local real estate markets heat up and working-class residents find themselves priced out, displaced more often than not to peripheral sites of the global metropolis. In Californian communities in downtown and the east side of Los Angeles, the Mission in San Francisco, and Barrio Logan in San Diego, however, residents rejected this process of involuntary movement, instead arguing for the value of historically rich, rooted communities. In what appeared to be a wave of anti-global activism beginning in the 1980s, residents worked to regain control over their local communities through a variety of strategies including the deliberate deployment of local culture and arts, and the increasingly savvy use of media and public relations. With these tools, anti-gentrifiers asserted ownership without property titles, housing rights without mortgages, and community buy-in without cash deposits. Anti-gentrification movements thus constituted a direct challenge to the workings of the global city while also feeding into a global movement to restore political power to the grassroots.
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Burstein, Paul. "Political Protest and Cultural Revolution: Nonviolent Direct Action in the 1970s and 1980s. By Barbara Epstein. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991. 327p. $24.95." American Political Science Review 87, no. 1 (1993): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2938983.
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