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1
Thanthianga, Clement. "Biology of Callosobruchus maculatus /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487264603217199.
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2
Eady, Paul E. "Sperm competition in Callosobruchus maculatus." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263760.
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Brown, Denise. "Postcopulatory sexual selection in Callosobruchus maculatus." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341308.
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4
Demeure, Guy. "Analyse de quelques facteurs liés à la plante hôte Vigna unguiculata (Walp) influençant la reproduction et le développement de Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) coleoptère bruchidae." Tours, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985TOUR4007.
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Parr, Martin J. "The oviposition behaviour of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius)." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320322.
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Bruchid pests are of considerable economic importance, infesting legume seeds and pods in fields and stores, predominately in the semi-arid tropics. One of the foremost bruchid pests"Callosobruchus maculatus is a niche generalist in that it can infest seeds whilst within pods or when loose. It exhibits a much greater degree of polyphagy than its wild relatives, perhaps partly due to behavioural plasticity. As their larvae are restricted to a single seed, resources available for growth are directly related to egg distribution by the ovipositing female. Host selection is a complex process and involves host finding, recognition (which may occur before or after contact with the plant), and host acceptance which is manifested as contact inspection behaviour and culminates in oviposition. Numerous factors influence these processes including the nature of host chemistry and the presence of conspecific epideictic pheromones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors which modulate the tendency to oviposit and oviposition behaviour itself. 2 The oviposition behaviour of newly emerged beetles was recorded on several seeds that vary in their attractiveness as hosts. The behavioural repertoire and the stereotypical sequences that characterise the acceptance or rejection of a host were recorded on pristine and egg laden seeds. These sequences were used to construct flow charts of transitions between the most common behaviours. Several indicators of a host's acceptahility were identified and quantified, including the duration of selected key behaviours. The combination of behaviours exhibited, their position in the transitional matrix and their respective durations, indicated the relative acceptability of the host seeds studied, and provided information on how the different sense organs have complementary roles in the process of host acceptance. This demonstrated that the perception of primary host and conspecific stimuli which influence host acceptance is undertaken by the palps and., to a lesser extent, by the antennae. The study of oviposition behaviour in conjunction with studies on the course of oviposition over extended periods on real and artificial hosts provided the tools by which the chemical bases of host acceptance could be investigated. Host seed extracts were screened for their ability to influence behaviour, and some of the active components were identified as a number of commonly occurring fatty acids. These same fatty acids have been shown to stimulate egg laying, and in different proportions and concentrations, to deter oviposition both as components of a conspecific oviposition deterrent pheromone, and as components of vegetable oils added to stored seeds as a protectant
6
Tufton, Toby J. "The cost of reproduction in Callosobruchus maculatus." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.700952.
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Kumapley, Philomena D. "The effects of legume hosts on bruchid beetle life history." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250597.
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8
Crudgington, Helen Sarah. "Sexual conflict in the bean weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366152.
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Wijeratne, P. M. "Variation in life history traits of cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)) : with particular reference to oviposition behaviour." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304070.
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10
Kyogoku, Daisuke. "Mechanisms of reproductive interference in seed beetles: experimental tests of alternative hypotheses." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199135.
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11
Wilson, Nina. "Multiple mating in Callosobruchus maculatus : a male and female perspective." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242134.
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12
Legros, Oliver Rene Jean. "Life history consequences of scramble competition : test with Callosobruchus maculatus." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343970.
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13
Lethbridge, Fiona Margaret Douglas. "Causes and consequences of ejaculate size in Callosobruchus maculatus beetles." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8731.
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Post-copulatory sexual selection is a strong evolutionary force, affecting morphological and behavioural traits in males and females in species with polyandrous mating systems. Many insects are subject to sperm competition; sperm from rival males compete to fertilise ova. Since sperm are finite, males should allocate them economically, tailoring ejaculate allocation to suit the reproductive potential of individual matings. Theory suggests when sperm competition risk is high, males should increase sperm numbers to achieve greater reproductive success than their rivals, but evidence of this expected fitness consequence of ejaculate allocation is largely lacking. In this thesis, I use Callosobruchus maculatus beetles to investigate the causes of ejaculate allocation patterns, and to examine whether ejaculate allocation does affect male reproductive success. In Chapter 3, I investigate the effect of rival male presence on ejaculate size and find that, while males grouped with rivals as adults produce bigger ejaculates, their increased effort unexpectedly does not lead to increased reproductive success. In Chapter 4, I examine whether larval conditions also affect ejaculate size, and find that, contrary to sperm competition theory, males reared under dense conditions produce smaller ejaculates than those reared solitarily, and that male reproductive success is consequently elevated in males reared at low larval densities compared to those reared at high densities. In Chapter 5, I then demonstrate that ejaculates produced by low density males contain more sperm than ejaculates produced by high density males, suggesting males do not respond to sperm competition level represented by larval density, but instead suffer resource limitation when reared at high density. In Chapter 6, I investigate the effects of water provision on ejaculate size, and find that males given water produce larger ejaculates, and females given water receive smaller ejaculates. Finally, I link my findings with those of other studies, and suggest my most important result is that plasticity of ejaculate allocation cannot be assumed to be an adaptive behaviour; studies directly measuring the fitness effects of male ejaculate allocation are needed, even when observed patterns conform to theory.
14
Wilson, Kenneth. "The evolution of oviposition behaviour in the bruchid callosobruchus maculatus." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701055.
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15
Boman, Jesper. "Genome size and phenotypic plasticity in the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-337280.
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It has long been evident that genome size is not an accurate measure of organismal complexity. This paradox was “solved” with the discovery of nonfunctional and selfish DNA in the 1970s. However, emerging from this explanation was an enigma of complexity. Neither neutral nor adaptive models can account for all genome size variation across the tree of life. An organism with intraspecific variation is needed to investigate the functional role of genome size differences. Here I use different populations of the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus, with a known intraspecific genome size variation of ~4%. It has previously been shown that a larger genome is associated with higher scores in fitness-related traits for this species. In this study, genome size is regressed with phenotypic plasticity along three different environmental gradients. Genome size did not correlate with plasticity in mass and development time along environmental gradients of temperature and host types. However, the results show that larger genomes are consistent with higher canalization of fitness under different food regimes. This further supports the idea that natural selection acts on genome size variation in this species.
16
Lale, N. E. S. "Insecticidal activity of plant essential oils on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) : (Coleoptera:Bruchidae)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379315.
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Islam, Md Nurul. "Chemical communication in the stored-product pest Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259674.
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Addison, Julian Thomas. "The population dynamics of Callosobruchus spp. and their parasitoids under laboratory conditions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38211.
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Colegrave, Nicholas. "The evolution of larval competition strategies in Callosobruchus maculatus and C. analis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364308.
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Wright, Andrew William. "Fecundity and oviposition behaviour of the cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius)." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1986. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/edf20917-cbba-4f3b-b9e0-a68a60e3ed74/1/.
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The reproductive biology of three strains of Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), the cowpea-seed beetle, was studied. This beetle is a serious pest of stored legume seeds in the semi-arid tropics. As females aged, energy reserves were depleted and aspects of this decline were related to the number of eggs laid in order to explain the observed daily egg laying pattern of C. macuiatus. Various factors affected the fecundity of females. The initial adult weight of females showed a strong positive relationship with the number of eggs laid. Substances, which could be extracted from cowpeas, were shown to be necessary to allow normal oviposition on an artificial substrate, glass beads. The male contribution to female fecundity was also investigated. Approximately half of the study was concerned with factors which govern a female's choice of oviposition site. The presence of a pheromone which enabled females to distribute their eggs more efficiently among cowpeas was demonstrated. This demonstration necessitated the development of a bioassay using a choice chamber which allowed beetles to choose between cowpeas marked with pheromone and control cowpeas. Using the bioassay, the solubility of the pheromone in different solvents was examined. The persistence of the pheromone over different periods of time was investigated and it was shown that the pheromone can remain active for at least thirty days. In addition to the marking pheromone, the role of physical characteristics of the oviposition substrates was also studied. The surface area and weight of such substrates were shown to affect the choice of oviposition site by females. The results obtained are discussed in the context of previous work on bruchids, particularly models of oviposition behaviour proposed by some workers.
21
Santana, Mychelle Carneiro. "Identificação de poligalacturonases expressas no sistema digestório de Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera chrysomelidae:bruchinae)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/106932.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Florianópolis, 2013.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-05T22:46:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2013<br>As paredes celulares das plantas contém uma complexa mistura de polissacarídeos e proteínas, demandando uma série de enzimas para degradá-las. Organismos capazes de secretar enzimas de degradação podem aproveitar as paredes celulares como fonte de nutrientes, agindo como verdadeiros patógenos vegetais, gerando perdas nas produções agrícolas e consequentemente à economia. A busca por novas técnicas de controle de pragas tem impulsionado estudos baseados na sua biologia, visando diminuir o uso de substâncias químicas, sabidamente prejudiciais ao meio ambiente e aos consumidores. Trabalhos anteriores detectaram sequências gênicas supostamente codificadoras de poligalacturonases em larvas de C. maculatus, besouro praga do feijão caupi. Estas enzimas degradam o ácido poligalacturônico (PGA) presente na matriz de pectina na parede celular vegetal. A partir destes dados, investigamos se os genes estavam sendo expressos e se as enzimas tinham atividade funcional no animal. Amostras de homogeneizados intestinais do inseto foram ensaiadas contra PGA em teste de difusão radial, onde a atividade detectada foi proporcional à quantidade de amostra aplicada, demonstrando que a enzima além de ser expressa, é também funcional. A distribuição espacial da enzima foi ensaiada através da dosagem dos açúcares redutores, cujo tampão mais adequado foi o citrato-fosfato, com atividade ótima no pH 6,5. Os resultados mostraram maior atividade nas amostras do conteúdo luminal, confirmando que a enzima é secretada no intestino do inseto, embora os valores das atividades absoluta e específica tenham se mostrado baixos. SDS-PAGE foi preparado para confirmação do número de isoformas encontradas em estudos anteriores. Apenas duas isoformas foram detectadas, com formação de bandas em diferentes faixas de pHs. Atividade da enzima pectinase também foi ensaiada através do teste de difusão radial contra pectina, apresentando atividade e proporcionalidade em relação à quantidade de amostra aplicada, constituindo um novo ponto a ser abordado na espécie quanto às enzimas celulolíticas.<br><br>Abstract : Plant cell walls contain a complex mixture of proteins and
polysaccharides, requiring a number of enzymes to degrade them.
Organisms capable of secreting enzymes active on the cell wall
constituents can use it as a source of nutrients, acting as true plant
pathogens, generating losses in agricultural production and consequently
in the economy. The search for new methods of pest control has driven
studies based on their biology, aiming to reduce the use of chemicals,
known to harm the environment and consumers. In larvae of
Callosobruchus maculatus, known as cowpea beetle, gene sequences
encoding putative polygalacturonases were detected. These enzymes
degrade polygalacturonic acid (PGA) present in the matrix of pectin in
the plant cell wall. To assess if the enzymes were functional in C.
maculatus, samples containing intestinal homogenates were tested
against PGA in radial diffusion assays, where the activity detected was
proportional to the amount of sample applied. The confirmation of the
origin of the activity was performed using the same test, by using a
cowpea flour extract, as enzyme source, which was inactive. The spatial
distribution of the enzyme among the different compartments of the gut
of the insect was assayed by the DNS method, whose the most suitable
buffer among the tested, was citrate-phosphate, with maximum activity
at pH 6.5. Results showed greater activity in the samples of luminal
contents, confirming that the enzymes are secreted in the gut of the
insect, although the values of absolute and specific activities have been
shown very low. SDS-PAGE was prepared to confirm the number of
isoforms found in the transcriptome and in the proteome of C.
maculatus, however, only two isoforms were detected with bands at
different pH values. Due to the commonly presence of genes encoding
plants cell wall degrading enzymes in other members of the
Chrysomelidae family, pectinase activity was also assayed in intestinal
homogenates of larval C. maculatus. Radial diffusion assays against
pectin confirmed activity and proportionality in relation to the amount of
sample applied, constituting a new point to be addressed about the
cellulolytic enzymes in the species
22
Vasudeva, Ramakrishnan. "The influence of developmental temperature on sperm form and function in Callosobruchus maculatus." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2014. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/14608/.
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This thesis examines the effects of the thermal rearing environment on larval development and its influence on the expression of primary reproductive traits in Callosobruchus maculatus. Chapter 1 provided basic outline to the thesis, starting with a general introduction to sexual selection and specifically its role in the evolution of genitalia and primary reproductive traits. These traits appear to exhibit a level of phenotypic plasticity and thus the opening chapter introduces this concept and its role in evolution and diversification. Phenotypic plasticity in the primary reproductive traits of insects and the evolutionary consequences of this plasticity are discussed. Chapter 2 examined the effect of larval rearing temperature on larval development and offspring size. Larvae go through 4 larval instars prior to pupation. Unsurprisingly larvae reared at 17°C took approximately four times longer to develop than those larvae reared at 33°C but those beetles that completed their development at the coolest temperature were the largest, in agreement with Bergmann’s rule. This chapter paved way for the experiments carried out in subsequent chapters. Chapter 3 investigated the effect of developmental temperature on the expression of primary reproductive traits (e.g. sperm length and egg size) and life-history traits (e.g. adult longevity and fecundity). Sperm length exhibited phenotypic plasticity, being shortest when larvae developed at the temperature extremes (17°C & 33°C). Beetles raised at 17°C inseminated the fewest sperm despite the fact that these males had the largest absolute testes size. Developmental temperature affected female fecundity; females that underwent larval development at 17°C laid the fewest eggs. These females along with those reared at 33°C also laid the largest eggs. In general egg size tended to increase with decreasing developmental temperature (in agreement with Bergmann’s rule) although sperm size gives a more mixed response being largest at an intermediate temperature. This is in agreement with the effect of developmental temperature on sperm size in dung flies, but in guppies and a species of snail sperm size increased with decreasing temperature. Chapter 4 used thermal switch experiments to identify when, during larval development, the expression of sperm length was sensitive to temperature. Thermal switching involves an abrupt shift in the thermal environment experienced by the developing larvae, such that development starts at one environment and is completed at either a higher or lower thermal rearing environment. There appeared to be two thermal sensitive periods (TSP) for the expression of sperm length: one during the very stages of ontogeny and one around the time of instar III to instar IV. This is the first demonstration of a TSP in relation to the phenotypic expression of the sperm. The findings of this chapter are discussed in relation to previous shift-once or shift-twice experiments on reptilian embryos and a handful of insects. Chapter 5 studied the consequences of thermal environment during larval development and as adults on copula duration. Both larval rearing temperature and post-eclosion temperature affected copula duration; males reared at the lowest temperature taking longer to complete copulation. This is the first demonstration that larval rearing temperature affects copulatory behaviour. It is argued that because thermal heterogeneity is likely to be common in nature, this under-examined component of male behaviour could account for much variation in copulatory behaviour in nature. Chapter 6 examined the effect of larval rearing temperature on the outcome of sperm competition. Males reared at 17°C were less successful at sperm defence and sperm offence, whilst males reared at 33°C were less successful at sperm offence in comparison to males reared at 27°C. This is the first study to report an effect of developmental temperature on the outcome of postcopulatory sexual selection. The results are discussed in light of the physiological consequences of developmental temperature on male ejaculatory characteristics. Chapter 7 discusses the possible mechanisms and consequences of phenotypic plasticity in reproductive traits as a result of experiencing heterogeneous environments during development, and how these processes might interact with postcopulatory sexual selection. Further work on understanding the role of phenotypic plasticity in the evolution of primary reproductive traits is required.
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Massango, Handina da Graça Lurdes Langa. "Atividade fumigante do óleo essencial de salsa sobre Callosobruchus maculatus em feijão-caupi." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/8239.
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Previous issue date: 2015-12-15<br>O feijão-caupi, Vigna unguiculata, (L.), Walp. é uma leguminosa de ampla distribuição mundial, encontrada principalmente nas regiões tropicais. Os grãos de feijão-caupi apresentam problemas sérios de perdas pós-colheita, grande parte ocorrendo em razão do armazenamento inadequado e do ataque por insetos-praga, destacando-se o Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). O controle de C. maculatus em feijão-caupi armazenado é feito principalmente com o fumigante fosfina, no entanto, o uso em longo prazo de um único inseticida aumenta o risco do crescimento de populações resistentes. Como alternativa, tem sido pesquisado o uso de inseticidas de origem vegetal que têm relativa toxicidade a diversas espécies de insetos. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade fumigante do óleo essencial de salsa, Petroselinum sativum, (Mill.) Fuss, sobre C. maculatus, em feijão-caupi. A toxicidade do óleo essencial e do gás fosfina (controle positivo) foi avaliada para estimar as concentrações letais de 50 e 95% (CL 50 e CL 95 ). As unidades experimentais foram constituídas por frascos de vidro com 0,8 L de capacidade, contendo 100 g de feijão-caupi e 20 insetos adultos com idade de 1 a 3 dias. O óleo essencial foi aplicado em recortes de papel colocados dentro de sachês de organza e colados nas tampas dos frascos. A toxicidade foi avaliada 48 h após a exposição dos insetos ao óleo essencial e à fosfina. A taxa instantânea de crescimento populacional dos insetos na presença do óleo essencial e da fosfina foi determinada utilizando as concentrações letais CL 10 , CL 30 , CL 50 , CL 70 e CL 90 obtidas nos bioensaios de toxicidade. O experimento foi montado no delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 5 repetições. A progênie adulta foi contabilizada após 45 dias. Os resultados da toxicidade indicaram CL 50 de 489,5 μL L -1 e CL 95 de 635,8 μL L -1 para o óleo essencial de salsa e CL 50 de 35,7 μL L -1 e CL 95 de 68,5 μL L -1 para a fosfina. Verificou-se que o óleo essencial de salsa apresenta efeito inseticida fumigante no controle de adultos de C. Maculatus e depende da concentração aplicada. Além disso, a perda de massa do feijão-caupi tratado com óleo essencial de salsa e com o gás fosfina foi menor em relação ao controle negativo (sem tratamento), indicando que a exposição dos insetos ao óleo essencial e ao gás fosfina reduziu o número de insetos de C. maculatus. O poder germinativo dos grãos de feijão- caupi foi diretamente proporcional às concentrações do óleo essencial e do gás fosfina.<br>Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is a legume of worldwide distribution, mainly found in tropical regions. The cowpea grains has serious problems of post-harvest losses, largely occurring due to improper storage and attack by insect pests, highlighting the Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). The control of C. maculatus in stored cowpea is done primarily with the phosphine fumigation, however, the long term use of a single insecticide increases the risk of resistant populations development. Alternatively, it has been investigated the use of insecticides of plant origin that have relative toxicity to various insect species. This work was carried out to evaluate the fumigant activity of the essential oil of parsley, Petroselinum sativum (Mill.) Fuss, on C. maculatus in cowpea. Toxicity of essential oil and phosphine gas (positive control) was evaluated to estimate the lethal concentrations of 50 and 95% (LC 50 and LC 95 ). The experimental units consisted of glass bottles with 0.8 liter capacity containing 100 g of cowpea and 20 adult insects aged 1-3 days. The essential oil was applied to paper cutouts placed inside organza sachets and glued to the bottle caps. Toxicity was assessed 48 h after exposure of the insects to the essential oil and phosphine. The instantaneous rate of growth of the insects in presence of the essential oil and phosphine gas was determined using lethal concentration LC 10 , LC 30 , LC 50 , LC 70 and LC 90 obtained in bioassays of toxicity. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 5 repetitions. The adult progeny was recorded after 45 days. The results of toxicity indicated 489.5 μL -1 to LC 50 and 635.8 μL -1 to LC 95 for essential oil of parsley and 35.7 μL -1 to LC 50 and 68.5 μL -1 to LC 95 for phosphine. It was found that the essential oil of parsley has a fumigant insecticidal effect in controlling adults of C. maculatus which effectiveness depends on the applied concentration. Moreover, the weight loss of the cowpea treated with essential oil of parsley and with phosphine gas was lower compared to the negative control (no treatment), indicating that exposure of the insects to the essential oil and phosphine gas reduced the number of C. maculatus. The germination of cowpea grain was directly proportional to the concentrations of the essential oil and phosphine gas.
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Lobley-Taylor, Tiffany J. B. "Costs and benefits of multiple mating in the beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29816.
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Two geographical strains of Callosobruchus maculatus beetles with contrasting life histories were compared. Female Callosobruchus maculatus beetles were manipulated to experience four different mating treatments. Multiple mating in a Brazil strain increased fecundity but decreased longevity of females. Multiple mating by Brazil-strain parents also reduced the longevity of their singly mated offspring. In contrast, multiple mating in a South India strain had no effect on longevity or fecundity of female parents or their singly mated offspring. South-India-strain females mated more frequently than Brazil-strain females when mating opportunities were limited but not when females had constant access to males. Mating frequency decreased in Brazil-strain females when presented the virgin males. In contrast, South-India-strain females mated more frequently on the second and third days when presented with virgin South-India-strain males. Brazil-strain males mated for longer and males transferred proportionally larger spermatophores than South-India-strain males. Spermatophore mass was positively correlated with male emergence mass for the South-India-strain males only. These differences are interpreted in relation to the contrasting life-history strategies of the two strains and trade-offs between the fitness components of longevity and fecundity.
25
Revenikioti, Maria. "Life history and reproductive fitness variation associated with the Y chromosome in Callosobruchus maculatus." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-435099.
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In the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus, the female is the larger sex and the male is the smaller sex. However, males that are almost as large as females can also occur, which is due to a specific Y chromosome haplotype. This Y chromosome polymorphism is not expected since the Y chromosome does not recombine and has lost genetic variation as a consequence. Nevertheless, the Y chromosome manages to maintain this polymorphism. Thus, the questions asked are how this occurs and how the large male Y haplotype persists to exist since previous studies have shown how small males have the higher fitness. In this study, large males were from line SL3b Y and small males were from line SL1b Y. To answer the questions, two important measures of fitness were conducted, mating- and lifetime reproductive success, as well as lifetime-history traits of the SL1b Y and SL3b Y males. Males from line SL3b Y turned out to have a faster growth rate and a shorter development time compared to the SL1b Y males. Both the SL3b Y males with a shorter development time and the SL1b Y males with a longer development time had larger body sizes. Large males also showed to have heavier ejaculate weight and produced more offspring compared to the other male Y haplotype. However, neither of the males had higher pre-mating success. In conclusion, the two male Y haplotypes must coexist in nature since their traits are beneficial in different environments and circumstances.
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Ghosal, Tusar Kanti. "Bio-ecology of pulse beetle, callosobruchus spp (coleoptera: Bruchidae) and potentiality of their safe management in storage at Terai agro-climatic conditions." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1008.
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Lu, Jiaqi. "The effect of sexual selection and mating on personality traits and behavior consistency of Callosobruchus maculatus." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392202.
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Animals’ personality traits are defined as consistent behavior tendencies and the function of them in life-history strategy and reproductive success has been given a lot of explanations in a large amount of research. However, the behavior consistency of individuals in different sexes, mating status and selection regimes is rarely mentioned. In this research, we were interested in personality traits and their consistency in inter-individuals and intra-individuals, and proposed that with the removal of fecundity selection males would evolve to be more female-like and decrease their locomotor activity, and copulation would change the physiological status of females and thus alter their levels of activity. In the experiment, seed beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus) that were artificially selected in monogamy, polygamy and male-limited selection regimes were weighed, dropped in a designed arena and their behaviors were recorded with a camera for four minutes in the first day when they were newborn and virgin. In the next day, the virgin beetles were randomly paired to mate, weighed afterwards, and dropped in the arena again for videoing the same setting as yesterday. In data collection step, with these videos four behaviors types including walking, entering squares, time spent on roof and entering a new area were observed, scored and noted down. To process the data, we made correlation analysis and it was found that walking, entering square and a new area were positively correlated. After building the linear mixed effect models we found that sex together with mating significantly act in modifying beetles’ behaviors, males were more active than females but the difference was narrowed after mating, and copulation caused a significant increase in the level of locomotor activity in females. To our disappointment, selection regimes did not have any significant impact on locomotor activity. Our work gave an insight that copulation changed individuals’ behaviors more in females than in males and dimorphic expression of sex-biased genes differed due to mating effect.
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Castro, Maria de Jesus Passos de [UNESP]. "Efeitos de genótipos de feijão caupi e de espécies botânicas em diferentes formulações sobre Callosobruchus maculatus (FABR.)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105464.
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castro_mjp_dr_botfca.pdf: 2188458 bytes, checksum: 7494bc21723d9ff5f6eed9c3fbda18be (MD5)<br>O caruncho Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) é considerado a principal praga durante o armazenamento de grãos de feijão-caupi, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Devido à necessidade de desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle mais eficientes e menos agressivas ao meio ambiente, o uso de genótipos resistentes e/ou produtos provenientes de plantas surgem como alternativas bastante promissoras. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o efeito isolado e associado de genótipos de feijão-caupi e de espécies vegetais (pó, sachê e óleo essencial) sobre o comportamento e biologia de C. maculatus. Inicialmente, foi realizado um teste preliminar com 50 genótipos de feijão-caupi, avaliando-se a preferência para oviposição e o desenvolvimento do caruncho. Foram selecionados nove genótipos, que foram novamente avaliados quanto à oviposição (com e sem chance de escolha) e biologia do inseto. Posteriormente, avaliou-se o efeito de 14 plantas nas formulações pó (aplicado puro e dentro de sachês) e óleo essencial (extraído da planta fresca e da planta desidratada) sobre a atratividade, oviposição e mortalidade dos insetos adultos. Com base nestes resultados, foram selecionados três genótipos (dois resistentes e um suscetível) e seis espécies vegetais na forma de óleo essencial extraído da planta fresca, para os quais foi avaliado o efeito associado sobre a atratividade e mortalidade dos adultos, preferência para oviposição e biologia do inseto. Os genótipos IT85 F-2687, MNC-510-8 e MN05-841 B-49 foram caracterizados como portadores de resistência do tipo não-preferência para oviposição e o IT81 D-1045 Ereto como portador de antibiose contra C. maculatus; opostamente, BRS-Urubuquara foi caracterizado como suscetível. As espécies vegetais Lippia sidoides Cham., Vitex agnus castus L., Mansoa alliacea...<br>The cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) has been described as the most important post-harvest storage pest of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Due to the need of development of more efficient and less harmful strategies for controlling this pest, the use of resistant genotypes and/or botanical products emerges as a very promising alternative. This study evaluated the isolated and associated effects of cowpea genotypes and plant species (powder, sachet and essential oil) on the behavior and biology of C. maculatus. Initially, 50 cowpea genotypes were evaluated for oviposition preference and its effects on the weevil development. Nine selected cowpea genotypes were again evaluated for oviposition (free and no-choice tests) and insect biology. Next, the effect of fourteen plants as powder formulations (mixed with de grains and within sachets) and essential oil (from fresh plant and dried plant) were evaluated on attractiveness, mortality and oviposition. Based on these results, three genotypes (two resistant and one susceptible) and six plant species as essential oil extracted from fresh plant were chosen for assessment of the associated effect on the attractiveness and adults mortality, oviposition preference and insect biology. The genotypes IT85 F-2687, MNC-510-8 e MN05-841 B-49 were characterized as having resistance of nonpreference for oviposition and IT81 D-1045 Ereto expressing antibiosis to C. maculatus. On the other hand, the genotype BRS-Urubuquara was the most susceptible. The plant species Lippia sidoides Cham., Vitex agnus castus L., Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A. Gentry and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. caused high levels of insect mortality, reduced and/or prevented oviposition and emergence, while Piper marginatum Jacq. and Piper callosum Ruiz & Pav., besides reducing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Castro, Maria de Jesus Passos de 1977. "Efeitos de genótipos de feijão caupi e de espécies botânicas em diferentes formulações sobre Callosobruchus maculatus (FABR.) /." Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105464.
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Orientador: Edson Luiz Lopes Baldin<br>Coorientador: Carlos Frederico Wilcken<br>Banca: José Djair Vendramim<br>Banca: Carlos Gilberto Raetano<br>Banca: Wagner Antonio Bernardes<br>Banca: André Luiz Lourenção<br>Resumo: O caruncho Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) é considerado a principal praga durante o armazenamento de grãos de feijão-caupi, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Devido à necessidade de desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle mais eficientes e menos agressivas ao meio ambiente, o uso de genótipos resistentes e/ou produtos provenientes de plantas surgem como alternativas bastante promissoras. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o efeito isolado e associado de genótipos de feijão-caupi e de espécies vegetais (pó, sachê e óleo essencial) sobre o comportamento e biologia de C. maculatus. Inicialmente, foi realizado um teste preliminar com 50 genótipos de feijão-caupi, avaliando-se a preferência para oviposição e o desenvolvimento do caruncho. Foram selecionados nove genótipos, que foram novamente avaliados quanto à oviposição (com e sem chance de escolha) e biologia do inseto. Posteriormente, avaliou-se o efeito de 14 plantas nas formulações pó (aplicado puro e dentro de sachês) e óleo essencial (extraído da planta fresca e da planta desidratada) sobre a atratividade, oviposição e mortalidade dos insetos adultos. Com base nestes resultados, foram selecionados três genótipos (dois resistentes e um suscetível) e seis espécies vegetais na forma de óleo essencial extraído da planta fresca, para os quais foi avaliado o efeito associado sobre a atratividade e mortalidade dos adultos, preferência para oviposição e biologia do inseto. Os genótipos IT85 F-2687, MNC-510-8 e MN05-841 B-49 foram caracterizados como portadores de resistência do tipo não-preferência para oviposição e o IT81 D-1045 Ereto como portador de antibiose contra C. maculatus; opostamente, BRS-Urubuquara foi caracterizado como suscetível. As espécies vegetais Lippia sidoides Cham., Vitex agnus castus L., Mansoa alliacea... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) has been described as the most important post-harvest storage pest of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Due to the need of development of more efficient and less harmful strategies for controlling this pest, the use of resistant genotypes and/or botanical products emerges as a very promising alternative. This study evaluated the isolated and associated effects of cowpea genotypes and plant species (powder, sachet and essential oil) on the behavior and biology of C. maculatus. Initially, 50 cowpea genotypes were evaluated for oviposition preference and its effects on the weevil development. Nine selected cowpea genotypes were again evaluated for oviposition (free and no-choice tests) and insect biology. Next, the effect of fourteen plants as powder formulations (mixed with de grains and within sachets) and essential oil (from fresh plant and dried plant) were evaluated on attractiveness, mortality and oviposition. Based on these results, three genotypes (two resistant and one susceptible) and six plant species as essential oil extracted from fresh plant were chosen for assessment of the associated effect on the attractiveness and adults mortality, oviposition preference and insect biology. The genotypes IT85 F-2687, MNC-510-8 e MN05-841 B-49 were characterized as having resistance of nonpreference for oviposition and IT81 D-1045 Ereto expressing antibiosis to C. maculatus. On the other hand, the genotype BRS-Urubuquara was the most susceptible. The plant species Lippia sidoides Cham., Vitex agnus castus L., Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A. Gentry and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. caused high levels of insect mortality, reduced and/or prevented oviposition and emergence, while Piper marginatum Jacq. and Piper callosum Ruiz & Pav., besides reducing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Doutor
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Ovenden, Guy N. "The trade-off between egg size and fecundity in the bruchid beetle Callosobruchus maculatus : a quantitative approach." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701054.
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Broadhurst, Lorraine Jacqueline. "The evolution of larval competition and oviposition behaviour in the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34278.
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Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) is a beetle belonging to the family Bruchidae. The beetle is a serious economic pest of stored legumes in the tropics and subtropics. C. maculatus has been chosen for this study because it shows contrasting larval competition and oviposition strategies. Competition has been described in terms of the Avoid-Attack dichotomy (Smith and Lessells 1985). Research has been carried out to determine the Mendelian inheritance of larval competition and oviposition in the black Brazil and Yemen strains of Callosobruchus maculatus. The initial results were inconclusive because there was no significant (p 0.05) difference in the pattern of emergence between the Yemen and Brazil stains. Therefore, the experiments were repeated using the South India and Brazil strains. The results of the F1 generation were similar to results obtained by other workers (Messina 1991 and Toquenaga et al 1994), but the results of the F2 generation resembled the expected results for a single gene model in which Avoid behaviour was dominant, though the results were not clear cut. It was desirable to determine the inheritance of competition and oviposition to determine if evolution was acting on autosomal loci or a suite of genes. The cost of exploitation competition (E) was also estimated, using a method described by Colegrave (1995). The cost of passive exploitation has been described by Smith and Lessells (1985) and Smith (1990) and is a major determinant of the evolution of competition strategies in Callosobruchus maculatus. The Yemen, Brazil and South India strains were used in these experiments and experiments were conducted on three seed types. E 0.5 for all stains on the cowpea and adzuki beans but for the South India strain on mung E 0.5 and this may explain why Attack behaviour exists in the South India strain Finally the theoretical prediction of Smith and Lessells (1985), that competition evolves under frequency dependent selection, was tested by ratio experiments. These experiments demonstrated that selection was dependent upon the initial frequencies of the phenotypes in the population because populations that had an initial frequency of 30% Brazil or greater appeared to moving towards fixation of Avoid.
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GUARANÁ, Carlos Fernando Rodrigues. "Ação patogênica de linhagens de Metarhizium anisopliae sobre Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), e compatibilidade química a inseticidas." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2007. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2161.
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Previous issue date: 2007<br>Foram analisadas duas linhagens de Metarhizium anisopliae quanto à patogenicidade sobre insetos adultos de Callosobruchus maculatus utilizando as concentrações 108 a 104 conídios/mL-1, sendo a virulência determinada pelo percentual de mortalidade, decorridos dos doze dias de observação. Os isolados mostraram-se altamente patogênicas, provocando mortalidade superior a 50% da população de insetos já no terceiro dia após a inoculação. Os isolados de Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae URM3349, e M. anisopliae var. acridum URM4412 foram agressivas ao inseto-alvo, tendo o isolado de M. anisopliae var. anisopliae URM3349 comportamento mais agressivo, sugerindo sua utilização em programas de controle biológico do caruncho do caupi. Foi avaliado, in vitro, o efeito fungitóxico de produtos fitossanitários utilizados em culturas de feijão, sobre o crescimento vegetativo e a conidiogênese nas linhagens de M. anisopliae. Independentemente do inseticida utilizado, o isolado M. anisopliae var. anisopliae URM3349, foi a que apresentou maior taxa de crescimento, enquanto o isolado M. anisopliae var. acridum URM4412 apresentou maior efeito inibitório no crescimento micelial. A compatibilidade dos isolados de M. anisopliae variou amplamente dentro de cada linhagem e entre os inseticidas estudados, sendo Quimióleo (azadiractina) o produto que apresentou o maior efeito fungitóxico e M. anisopliae var. acridum URM 4412 o fungo mais sensível ao efeito dos defensivos agrícolas. As linhagens, em associação aos inseticidas utilizados, podem ser recomendadas para o Manejo Integrado de Praga do Caupi
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Moura, Eridiane da Silva. "Atividade inseticida dos óleos essenciais de manjericão e candeeiro e seus componentes sobre Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/7270.
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Previous issue date: 2015-06-17<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>O feijão-caupi (V. unguiculata) destaca-se como alimento para a população e alternativa de renda principalmente no Nordeste, com 60% da produção do gênero Vigna. O cultivo deste feijão está sujeito a perdas pós-colheita, devido a pragas no armazenamento, incluindo Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Inseticidas sintéticos são eficazes contra essa praga, mas seu uso excessivo pode comprometer a qualidade dos alimentos e ocasionar resistência nos insetos. Em razão deste problema, métodos alternativos para o controle de insetos em grãos armazenados, como inseticidas de origem vegetal, tem sido pesquisados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a inibição da oviposição, taxa instantânea de crescimento populacional (ri), taxa de desenvolvimento de C. maculatus e a perda de massa de grãos de feijão-caupi após aplicação dos óleo essenciais de Ocimum basilicum (manjericão) e Vanillosmopsis arborea (candeeiro) e seus principais componentes (linalol, estragol e - bisabolol). As unidades experimentais foram constituídas por frascos de 0,8 L tratados com -1 -1 -1 -1 de ar de ar; -1 -1 de ar -1 de ar -1 de ar -1 de ar dos óleos essenciais de manjericão, linalol e estragol -1 de ar -1 de ar -1 de ar de ar -1 de ar -1 de ar de ar de ar; -1 -bisabolol. O óleo essencial de manjericão e os componentes linalol e estragol foram diluídos em etanol e o óleo essencial de candeeiro e o componente -bisabolol em h ou componente foi aplicado por disco de papel filtro com uma microsseringa. O disco de papel foi colocado em placa de Petri coberta com organza em um frasco com 20 insetos adultos sexados ou não, para a avaliação da toxicidade para machos e fêmeas de C. maculatus com 1 a 2 dias de idade. Cada tratamento teve quatro repetições com os insetos expostos ao óleo por fumigação durante 48 h. A taxa de desenvolvimento de C. maculatus foi avaliada com procedimento semelhante, mas a contagem dos adultos foi realizada diariamente após a emergência do primeiro. A oviposição desse inseto foi avaliada nas concentrações letais (CL50, CL25, CL10 e CL1) com 10 casais expostos as mesmas por fumigação durante 48 h (4 repetições por tratamento) e o número de ovos contabilizado por repetição. As CL50 e CL95 do estragol L-1 de ar, -1 -bisabolol foram de -1 -1 de ar -1 de ar -1 respectivamente. As CL50 e CL95 foram de -1 -1 de ar de ar de ar -1 de ar -1 de ar, de ar para de ar para linalol. O aumento das concentrações dos óleos essenciais reduziu a ri, a taxa de desenvolvimento, oviposição e o número de ovos. A perda de massa do feijão tratado com óleo essencial de manjericão foi de 8,2% e a do controle de 14,9%. O feijão tratado com o óleo essencial de candeeiro mostrou perda de 8,4% comparado ao controle, de 15%. Linalol e estragol foram letais a C. maculatus em menores concentrações que os óleos essenciais de manjericão e candeeiro e mostraram maiores inclinações das curvas de mortalidade, o que pode ser explicado pela sua ação de inibição mista à enzima acetilcolinesterase (AChE) ao se ligar à enzima livre e ao complexo enzima- -bisabolol foi mais letal em menores concentrações (CL50 e CL95) para C. maculatus que o óleo essencial de candeeiro, o que pode se explica pelo seu mecanismo de ação que está relacionado com a ativação dos canais K+ATP. Os óleos essenciais de manjericão e candeeiro -bisabolol, possuem efeito inseticida fumigante sobre adultos de C. maculatus e representam uma alternativa ao uso de inseticidas sintéticos.<br>The cowpea (V. unguiculata) stands out as food for the population and alternative income mainly in the Northeast, with 60% of production of Vigna genre. The cultivation of beans is subjected to postharvest losses due to storage pests, including Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Synthetic insecticides are effective against this pest, but their excessive use may compromise the quality of food and cause resistance in insects. By reason of this problem, alternative methods for the control of insects in stored grains such as vegetable insecticides, have been researched. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibition of oviposition, instantaneous rate of population growth (laughs), C. maculatus development rate and the mass loss of cowpea beans after application of the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum (basil) and Vanillosmopsis arborea (lamp) and its main components -bisabolol). The experimental units consisted of 0.8 L bottles treated with 1,2 L L-1 air; 1,6 L L-1 air; 2 L L-1 air; 2,4 L L-1 air; 2,8 L L-1 air; 3,2 L L-1 air and 3,6 L L-1 air to basil essential oil, linalool and estragole and ,2 L L-1 air; 1,6 L L-1 air; 2 L L-1 air, 2,4 L L-1 air; 2,8 L L-1 air; 5,6 L L-1 air; 8,4 L L-1 air e 11,2 L L-1 air for the essential oil lamp and the -bisabolol. The essential oil of basil and linalool and estragole were dil -bisabolol in hexane. A total of 25 L of each solution or oil component was applied by the filter paper disc with a microsyringe. The paper disc was placed in a covered petri dish with organza a vial with the components sexed and 20 adult insects or not for the evaluation of toxicity to C. maculatus males and females with 1 to 2 days old. Each treatment was replicated four times with the oil insects exposed for 48 h. The instantaneous rate of increase (ri) in the presence of essential oils was determined with the lethal concentrations (LC50, LC25, LC10, LC1, LC0,5 e LC0,25) of bioassays of toxicity. Bottles with 100 g of bean and 20 adult insects, non-sexed aged 1-2 days, and four replications were used for LC. After 45 days, the adult offspring was recorded. A similar procedure was done to assess the development rate, but the count was performed daily after the emergence of the first adult. The paper disc was placed in a covered Petri dish with organza and added at the bottom of the flasks then received 20 adult insects or unsexed sexed in the case of the evaluation of toxicity for males and females aged 1 to 2 days. Each treatment consisted of 4 replications, and the insects were exposed to oil for fumigation for 48 h. The instantaneous rate of increase (laughs) insects in the presence of essential oils was determined using the lethal. Oviposition was evaluated in lethal concentrations (LC 50, LC25, LC10 and LC1) 10 couples with the same exposed for fumigation for 48 hours (four replications per treatment), and counted the number of eggs per replicate. The LC 50 and LC95 were 1.79 L L-1 air and 4.36 L L-1 air to 1.68 L L-1 air and basil oil and 3.35 L L-1 air to linalool respectively. The LC50 and LC95 showed estragole 1.51 L L-1 air and 2.87 L L-1 air, essential oil lamp showed 5.23 L L-1 air for the LC50 and LC95 was 12.97 L L-1 air. The -bisabolol 2.47 L L-1 air and 8.82 L L-1 air to LC50 and LC95, respectively. Increasing concentrations of essential oils decreased the laughs, the rate of development and oviposition. The number of eggs decreased with increasing concentrations. The mass loss of the treated beans with basil essential oil was 8.2% and in control of 14.9%. The essential oil lamp showed loss of 8.4% compared to the control of 15%. Linalool and estragole were lethal to C. maculatus at concentrations less than the essential oils of basil and lamp and showed higher slopes of the mortality curves, which can be explained by its action mixed inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to connect to free and enzyme-substrate complex -bisabolol was deadliest in lower concentrations (LC50 and LC95) for C. maculatus that the essential oil lamp, which can be explained by their mechanism of action that is related to the activation of K+ ATP channels. The essential oil of basil and lamp and its -bisabolol possess fumigant insecticidal effect on adults C. maculatus and represent an alternative to the use of synthetic insecticides.
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Bilal, Hamzeh. "Biologie de la reproduction chez callosobruchus maculatus f. (coléoptère, bruchidae), formes voilières et non voilières : application à la protection des stocks." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR4014.
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C. Maculatus, coleoptère bruchidae existe sous deux formes : voilière et non voilière (plus des intermédiaires), qui diffèrent, dans leur morphologie, leur physiologie (aptitude au vol, activité reproductive) et leur comportement. Les individus non voiliers sont sexuellement matures des l'émergence et chez les femelles, l'ovogénése se déroule de façon indépendante de la plante-hôte. A l'émergence les individus voiliers sont en quiescence reproductrice. L'activité reproductrice est déclenchée à la suite de la perception par gustation d'informations chimiques spécifiques de la plante-hôte. Les femelles voilières réagissent aux odeurs de plante-hôte et ont une anémotaxie plus marquée que les non voilières. Les femelles vierges des deux formes produisent une phéromone sexuelle (attirant les mâles) dont la libération, chez les femelles non voilières, commence quelques heure après l'émergence, indépendamment de la plante-hôte qui est indispensable, ici aussi, aux voiliers. Dans les populations étudiées, les femelles inséminées des deux formes ne pondent pas en l'absence de stimulations gustatives spécifiques de la plante-hôte (gousses, graines), perçues par contact. La distribution des pontes par des femelles des deux formes est remarquablement uniforme. Ce comportement dépend de stimulations mécaniques par les ufs préexistants et de stimulations chimiques, dues à des substances spécifiques déposées lors de la ponte. Les pontes préexistantes, bien que modifiant la distribution des pontes ultérieures, ne les inhibent pas. La décision de pondre est prise par la femelle et résulte de l'intégration d'informations dissuadantes dues aux ufs préexistants et d'informations plus ou moins stimulantes dépendant de l'urgence à pondre c'est-à-dire du niveau de rétention des ovocytes murs). Le traitement des graines par différentes huiles végétales à 0,5%, assure une protection des stocks très satisfaisante.
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Letsoalo, Isaac Motsoeng. "Evaluation of introduced cowpea breeding lines for Aphid (Aphis Craccivora) and bruchid (Callosobruchus Rhodensiansus) resistance in South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1775.
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Ouedraogo, Patouin Albert. "Le déterminisme du polymorphisme imaginal chez callosobruchus maculatus (fab), coléoptère bruchidae : son importance sur la biologie des populations de ce bruchidae." Tours, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOUR4005.
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Deux types d'adultes sont observés chez callosobruchus maculatus : des adultes de forme non voilière, incapables de voler et sexuellement actifs dès leur émergence des graines et des adultes de forme voilière, capable de voler et qui présentent au début de la vie imaginale une quiescence reproductrice. Ces deux formes diffèrent aussi bien par des caractéristiques morphologiques que physiologiques et comportementales. Ce polymorphisme imaginale est induit pendant le développement larvaire sous l'action combinée de deux facteurs, la teneur en eau des graines et la température. Lorsque le développement larvaire a lieu dans des graines à teneur en eau élévée, en présence de conditions chaudes, il y a émergence d'un fort taux d'adultes de forme voilière. Lorsque celui-ci a lieu dans des graines à teneur en eau faible, quelle que soit la température, seuls les adultes de forme non voilière émergent. En condition de températures basses, quelle que soit la teneur en eau des graines, il n'y a que des adultes de forme non voilière qui émergent. Ces facteurs environnementaux jouent un rôle certain dans la régulation du cycle biologique de cet insecte tropical.
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Aquino, Rodrigo Oliveira de. "Determina??o de motivos de liga??o ? quitina em vicilinas de Canavalia ensiformis e Vigna unguiculata atrav?s de m?todos in silico e rela??o com suas toxicidades para o bruqu?deo Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera:Bruchidae)." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12545.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-06<br>Chitin is an important structural component of the cellular wall of fungi and exoskeleton of many invertebrate plagues, such as insects and nematodes. In digestory systems of insects it forms a named matrix of peritrophic membrane. One of the most studied interaction models protein-carbohydrate is the model that involves chitin-binding proteins. Among the involved characterized domains already in this interaction if they detach the hevein domain (HD), from of Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber tree), the R&R consensus domain (R&R), found in cuticular proteins of insects, and the motif called in this study as conglicinin motif (CD), found in the cristallography structure of the β-conglicinin bounded with GlcNac. These three chitin-binding domains had been used to determine which of them could be involved in silico in the interaction of Canavalia ensiformis and Vigna unguiculata vicilins with chitin, as well as associate these results with the WD50 of these vicilins for Callosobruchus maculatus larvae. The technique of comparative modeling was used for construction of the model 3D of the vicilin of V. unguiculata, that was not found in the data bases. Using the ClustalW program it was gotten localization of these domains in the vicilins primary structure. The domains R&R and CD had been found with bigger homology in the vicilins primary sequences and had been target of interaction studies. Through program GRAMM models of interaction ( dockings ) of the vicilins with GlcNac had been gotten. The results had shown that, through analysis in silico, HD is not part of the vicilins structures, proving the result gotten with the alignment of the primary sequences; the R&R domain, although not to have structural similarity in the vicilins, probably it has a participation in the activity of interaction of these with GlcNac; whereas the CD domain participates directly in the interaction of the vicilins with GlcNac. These results in silico show that the amino acid number, the types and the amount of binding made for the CD motif with GlcNac seem to be directly associates to the deleterious power that these vicilins show for C. maculatus larvae. This can give an initial step in the briefing of as the vicilins interact with alive chitin in and exert its toxic power for insects that possess peritrophic membrane<br>A quitina (homopol?mero linear contendo res?duos de β-1,4-N-acetil-D-glicosamina (GlcNac) ? um importante componente estrutural da parede celular de fungos e exoesqueletos de muitos invertebrados pragas, tais como insetos e nemat?ides. Em sistemas digest?rios de insetos forma uma matriz denominada de membrana peritr?fica. Um dos mais estudados modelos de intera??o prote?na-carboidrato ? o modelo que envolve as prote?nas ligantes ? quitina. Dentre os motivos j? caracterizados envolvidos nesta intera??o se destacam o motivo heve?na (HD), obtida de Hevea brasiliensis (Seringueira), o motivo R&R consenso (R&R), encontrado em prote?nas cuticulares de insetos, e o motivo denominado neste estudo como motivo conglicinina (CD), encontrado na estrutura cristalogr?fica da β-conglicinina complexada com GlcNac. Estes tr?s motivos de liga??o ? quitina foram usados para determinar qual(is) deles poderia(m) estar envolvido(s) in silico na intera??o das vicilinas de Canavalia ensiformis e Vigna unguiculata com quitina, como tamb?m associar estes resultados com o WD50 destas vicilinas para larvas de Callosobruchus maculatus. A t?cnica de modelagem comparativa foi utilizada para constru??o do modelo 3D da vicilina de V. unguiculata, que n?o foi encontrada nos bancos de dados. Atrav?s do programa ClustalW obteve-se a localiza??o destes dom?nios na estrutura prim?ria das vicilinas. Os dom?nios R&R e CD foram encontrados com maior homologia nas seq??ncias prim?rias das vicilinas e foram alvos de estudos de intera??o. Atrav?s do programa GRAMM foram obtidos modelos de intera??o ( dockings ) das vicilinas com GlcNac. Os resultados mostraram que, atrav?s de an?lises in silico, o motivo HD n?o faz parte da estrutura das vicilinas, comprovando o resultado obtido com o alinhamento das seq??ncias prim?rias; o motivo R&R, apesar de n?o ter semelhan?a estrutural nas vicilinas, provavelmente tem uma participa??o na atividade de intera??o destas com GlcNac; enquanto que o motivo CD participa diretamente na intera??o das vicilinas com GlcNac. Estes resultados in silico mostram que o n?mero de amino?cidos, os tipos e a quantidade de liga??es feitas pelo motivo CD com GlcNac parecem estar diretamente associados ao poder delet?rio que essas vicilinas possuem para larvas de C. maculatus. Isso pode constutuir um passo inicial na elucida??o de como as vicilinas interagem com quitina in vivo e exercem seu poder t?xico para insetos que possuem membrana peritr?fica
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Licht, William I. "WHAT INDUCES FEMALE KICKING IN CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS? DISENTANGLING THE EFFECTS OF MALE TRAITS ON FEMALE MATING DECISIONS." UKnowledge, 2017. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/38.
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Sexual conflict over mating duration drives the evolution of male and female adaptations that facilitate the manipulation of mating interactions in their favor. This conflict drives the evolution of traits that improve the fitness of the focal sex despite inflicting costs on mates. However, males can express multiple traits that increase and decrease female fitness simultaneously. When the effects of male traits on female fitness increase or decrease with duration of exposure, females traits that influence mating duration are selected upon. Females of Callosobruchus maculatus, a bruchid bean beetle, kick mates to forcefully end copulation. Although both negative effects of male genital spines and positive of effects ejaculatory materials on female fitness have been documented, it is not yet clear how these male traits interact to influence the timing of female kicking. In this study, we observed the effect of male genital spine size, ejaculate size and mating history, and manipulated mating duration to disentangle the effects of male traits on the timing of female kicking behavior. We found that male mating history and mate body size dimorphism predicted the timing and duration of female kicking, but that male ejaculate size and spine length did not predict female kicking timing.
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Kunz, Daniele. "Estudo da antibiose e destino da faseolina (Globulina - Phaseolus vulgaris) em larvas do caruncho Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/123357.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Florianópolis, 2014.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T18:07:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2014<br>Abstract : This work confirmed the high toxicity of the storage protein from the seeds of the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris (phaseolin) on the larvae of the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. When incorporated into the diet of the larvae at physiological concentrations (0.5 %) larval mortality of C. maculatus increased. The main factor involved seems to be the accumulation of vesicles containing phaseolin in the enterocytes leading to the impairment of vesicular traffic. The fate of the seed storage globulins from cowpea Vigna unguiculata (vicilin) and from P. vulgaris (phaseolin) was monitored by fluorescence microscopy after cryostat microtomy. By feeding bean beetle larvae with vicilin/ FITC and phaseolin/ FITC noticed a difference in the absorptive process of globulins among the tested diets. The intestinal epithelium of larvae fed phaseolin/ FITC showed higher fluorescence than larvae fed vicilin. A membrane bound protein has been isolated from the intestinal epithelium of larval C. maculatus by using an affinity column where the vicilin was covalently mobilized to sepharose. This protein has a high homology with the a-tocopherol (vitamin E precursor) transfer protein. These data suggest that the vicilin molecule binds to receptors in the microvillar membrane and subsequently it may be absorbed inside vesicles within the epithelial cells of the larval midgut. This process may be a case of receptor-mediated endocytosis. These findings suggest a new mechanism of antibiosis, involving accumulation of vicilin variants and phaseolin in the intestinal epithelium of the C. maculatus larvae and commitment of endocytic processes. This mechanism probably involves the binding of vicilin/phaseolin protein homologous to a a-tocopherol transfer protein, thereby killing the insect by the lack of absorption of important nutrients for development,such as the vitamin E.
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GUSMÃO, Nívea Maria Silva. "Manejo de Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), em grãos de caupi, Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp. com óleos essenciais." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6011.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-01<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>Among the pests that attack stored beans Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. stands out the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775), responsible for qualitative and quantitative losses. The use of synthetic fumigants and protectors are widely used on its control, however alternative products such as powders and essential oils of plant origin, have been extensively investigated in recent years, with promising results. Thus, this study aimed to: (a) perform the chromatographic analysis and mass spectrometry in Eucalyptus. citriodora Hook., Eucalyptus. staigeriana F., essential oils; (b) evaluate the toxicity by contact and fumigation; (c) test the repellent effect. The major component of E. staigeriana essential oil was limonene (28.73%) and geranial (15.20%), and for E. citriodora essential oil was Citronelal (89.59%) and Citronelil acetate (3.34). The LC50s of F. vulgare, E. citriodora, E. staigeriana and C. winterianus oils in contact tests were estimated in 4.19, 7.09, 7.44, 7.93μL/20g of bean, respectively. According to regression analysis, the higher the mortality rate, lower was the number of eggs laid and emerged insects. In fumigation tests for adults, the LC50s ranged from 2.58 to 7.85 μL/L of air and the toxicity reasons from 1.25 to 3.04. In all concentrations tested, E. citriodora and C. winterianus oils were repellent to C. maculatus adults. F. vulgare was classified as neutral, while E. staigeriana was neutral at low concentrations and repellent only at the highest concentration 12μL/20g of cowpea. The percentages of reduction of posture caused by the oils esssenciais ranged from 3.26 to 100% and adult emergence from 0.46 to 100%, especially C. winterianus that the highest concentration (15μl/20g), reduced by 100% these parameter.<br>Dentre as pragas que atacam o feijão Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. armazenado destaca-se o caruncho Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775), responsável por perdas qualitativas e quantitativas. Os inseticidas sintéticos fumigantes e protetores são muito utilizados no seu controle, porém produtos alternativos como pós e óleos essenciais de origem vegetal, têm sido bastante pesquisados nos últimos anos, com resultados promissores. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos: (a) efetuar a análise cromatográfica e de espectrometria de massas nos óleos essenciais de Eucalyptus citriodora Hook e Eucalyptus. staigeriana F.; (b) avaliar a toxicidade por contato e fumigação; (c) testar o efeito repelente. Os compostos majoritários do óleo de E. staigeriana foram o Limoneno (28,73%) e Geranial (15,20%), e para E. citriodora foi Citronelal (89,59%) e Citronelil acetate (3,34%). As CL50s dos óleos de F. vulgare, E. citriodora, E. staigeriana e C. winterianus, nos testes de contato, foram estimadas em 4,19; 7,09; 7,44; 7,93μL/20g de feijão, respectivamente. De acordo com as análises de regressão, quanto maior a mortalidade, menor foi o número de ovos depositados e de insetos emergidos. Nos testes de fumigação para adultos, as CL50s variaram entre 2,58 a 7,85 μL/L de ar e as razões de toxicidade de 1,25 a 3,04. Em todas as concentrações testadas, os óleos de E. citriodora e de C. winterianus foram repelentes para adultos de C. maculatus. F. vulgare foi classificado como neutro, enquanto E. staigeriana foi neutro nas concentrações menores e repelente apenas na maior concentração de 12μL/20g de feijão. As percentagens de redução da postura provocadas pelos óleos esssenciais, variaram de 3,26 a 100% e da emergência de adultos de 0,46 a 100%, destacando-se C. winterianus, que na maior concentração (15μl/20g), reduziu em 100% estes parâmetros.
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Silva, Sabrine Zambiazi da. "Resistência e qualidade tecnológica de cultivares de feijão caupi e (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) WALP.) A Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera : Bruchidae)." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2011. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/367.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-04<br>From a nutritional point of view, the cowpea is an excellent food choice for its beneficial
substances, which makes it ideal for human consumption. However, losses in quality due to
the presence of Calossobruchus maculatus, considered the main pest insect of stored
beans, which causes hardening of the bean, increases the time required for cooking,
changes its flavor and darkens its integument. There is intense search for cultivars able to
resist such insect with desirable nutritional and culinary characteristics. This research aimed
to evaluate the resistance of eight cultivars to C. maculatus, through free-choice tests, based
on biological parameters of insect damages in grains, weight loss, nutritional and
technological quality. The BRS Xiquexique cultivar showed resistance, increasing the
duration of adult egg cycle, reducing the number of adults emerged and causing weight loss
of grains. In addition, the C. maculates showed no preference for feeding from it, while it
showed preference for the BRS Caleamé. In general, the infested grains showed higher
levels of protein and minerals. It was also observed that the time for cooking parameter had
no statistical differences. The results will allow information about the quality of the beans
depending on the attack of insects and storage of this legume. There is need for further study
of resistance of cultivars in order to contribute to the research of cowpea to the state of
Parana, identifying opportunities for investiment.<br>Sob o ponto de vista nutricional, o feijão caupi é um excelente alimento que oferece
substâncias que tornam vantajoso o seu consumo. Porém, a perda de qualidade devido à
presença do Calossobruchus maculatus, considerado o principal inseto-praga do feijão
armazenado, é proporcionada também pelo aumento no grau de dureza do feijão, com
acréscimos no tempo necessário para cozimento, com mudanças no sabor e escurecimento
do tegumento. Há intensa busca por cultivares resistentes com características culinárias e
nutricionais desejáveis. O projeto teve por objetivo avaliar a resistência de oito cultivares ao
C. maculatus, por meio de testes com chance de escolha, com base em parâmetros
biológicos do inseto, danos ocasionados nos grãos, perda de peso, qualidade tecnológica e
nutricional. Verificou-se que a cultivar BRS Xiquexique apresentou resistência, aumentando
a duração do ciclo ovo adulto, diminuindo o número de insetos emergidos e perda de peso
dos grãos apresentando não-preferência para alimentação por C. maculatus, enquanto a
cultivar BRS Caleamé apresentou suscetibilidade e preferência alimentar para esse inseto.
Em geral, os grãos infestados apresentaram maiores teores de proteína e minerais; também
foi observado que o parâmetro tempo de cozimento não teve diferenças estatísticas. Os
resultados permitirão obter informações sobre a qualidade do feijão em função do ataque de
insetos e armazenamento dessa leguminosa. Há a necessidade de um estudo mais
avançado de resistência genética de cultivares a fim de contribuir com a pesquisa do feijão
caupi para o estado do Paraná, identificando oportunidades de investimento.
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PAZ, JÚNIOR Francisco Braga da. "Ação patogênica de linhagens de Beauveria bassiana sobre Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), análise genética (PCR) e compatibilidade com inseticidas químicos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2006. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/645.
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Previous issue date: 2006<br>Foram analisadas sete linhagens de Beauveria bassiana quanto à patogenicidade sobre os insetos adultos de Callosobruchus maculatus utilizando as concentrações 108, 107, 106, 105 e 104 conídios.mL-1, sendo a virulência determinada pelo percentual de mortalidade durante o período de nove dias. Todas as linhagens mostraram-se altamente patogênicas, provocando mortalidade superior a 50% da população de insetos já no terceiro dia após a inoculação. As linhagens URM2921, URM2923 e URM4544 comportaram-se como as mais agressivas ao inseto-alvo, sugerindo sua utilização em programas de controle biológico do caruncho do caupi. Quanto à analise genética, utilizou-se marcadores moleculares com base em PCR, sendo empregado o ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) - iniciadores (GACA)4 e (GTG)5 para investigar a diversidade genética de sete linhagens de Beauveria bassiana. Esses primers são usualmente utilizados para amplificação de inter-regiões repetidas. A análise genética revelou que os primers foram eficientes em demonstrar a variabilidade intraespecífica entre as linhagens de B. bassiana. Analizando o efeito fungitóxico , in vitro, de produtos fitossanitários utilizados em culturas de feijão sobre o crescimento vegetativo e conidiogênese das linhagens de B. bassiana, observou-se que independente do inseticida utilizado, as linhagens URM2923, URM2926 e URM4552 apresentaram as maiores médias de crescimento micelial, enquanto a linhagem URM4544 apresentou o menor diâmetro. A compatibilidade das linhagens de B. bassiana variou amplamente dentro de cada linhagem e entre os inseticidas estudados, sendo Quimióleo (óleo vegetal) o produto que apresentou o maior efeito fungitóxico e URM2921 a linhagem mais sensível ao efeito dos defensivos agrícolas. As demais linhagens, dependendo do inseticida, podem ser recomendadas para programas de Manejo Integrado de Pragas do feijoeiro
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Kunz, Daniele. "Mecanismos da endocitose de vicilinas em células epiteliais do intestino médio das larvas do caruncho Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2017. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/177772.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Florianópolis, 2017.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T04:10:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2017<br>O transporte de proteínas através do epitélio intestinal dos insetos é ainda pouco conhecido. Há evidências de que vicilina, uma importante proteína de armazenamento de sementes do feijão-de-corda (Vigna unguiculata), é internalizada em larvas do bruquíneo Callosobruchus maculatus. Tem sido relatado que esta globulina de armazenamento interage com proteínas presentes nas membranas microvilares ao longo do trato digestivo das larvas. Na presente Tese, as vias celulares envolvidas na endocitose de vicilina em larvas do caruncho C. maculatus foram estudadas. Vicilina marcada com FITC (purificada a partir de sementes do feijão-de-corda) foi incorporada na dieta das larvas de C. maculatus na concentração fisiológica (0,5% m/m). O destino das globulinas marcadas ou não-marcadas foi monitorado por microscopia confocal, imunohistoquímica e Western blotting. A proteína microvilar de ligação à vicilina foi purificada usando cromatografia de afinidade em uma coluna de vicilina-Sepharose seguida por espectrometria de massa MALDI-TOF. A absorção de vicilinas é um caso de endocitose mediada por receptor. O receptor de vicilina foi purificado e mostrou uma elevada homologia com as proteínas da superfamília SEC14, principalmente a proteína transportadora de ?-tocoferol. Estas proteínas estão presentes no intestino das larvas nas microvilosidades das células epiteliais, associadas a vesículas de endocitose. Vesículas endocíticas e cisternas foram encontradas em toda a extensão das células epiteliais do intestino médio. O tipo de transcitose destas macromoléculas foi confirmado através da utilização de inibidores específicos da via endocítica mediada por clatrina ou via mediada por caveolina. Os inibidores filipina III, nistatina e wortmanina inibiram significativamente a endocitose de vicilina, sugerindo que a via endocítica é principalmente mediada por caveolina. Este trabalho mostrou que a transcitose de vicilina através das células do intestino médio de larvas do inseto C. maculatus é mediada por um membro da família SEC14 homóloga à proteína transportadora de ?-tocoferol. É possível sugerir que vicilina é internalizada por endocitose dependente majoritariamente por caveolina. Em relação à faseolina foi observada dificuldade de internalização pelas larvas de C. maculatus. Estas globulinas favoreceram a geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio, onde o aumento da peroxidação lipídica foi determinado pelo método TBARS e o uso de anticorpos anti malondialdeído e 4- hidroxinonenal.<br><br>Abstract : The transport of proteins across the intestinal epithelium of insects is still little known. There is evidence that vicilin, a major storage protein of cowpea seeds (Vigna unguiculata), is internalized in larvae of the bruchid C. maculatus. It has been reported that this storage globulin interacts with proteins present in the microvillar membranes along the digestive tract of the larvae. In the present Thesis, the cellular routes involved in the endocytosis of vicilin in larval C. maculatus was investigated. FITC-labeled vicilin (purified from C. maculatus susceptible seeds of cowpea) were incorporated into the diet of the larvae at physiological concentration (0.5% m/m). The fate of labeled or non-labeled globulins was monitored by confocal microscopy, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The microvillar vicilin-binding protein was purified by using affinity chromatography on a vicilin-Sepharose column followed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The absorption of vicilins is a case of receptor-mediated endocytosis. The putative vicilin receptor was purified and showed high homology with proteins from the SEC14 superfamily. These proteins are present in the luminal surface of the midgut cell microvilli and inside these epithelial cells, associated to endocytic vesicles. Endocytic vesicles and cisternae were found throughout the extent of midgut epithelial cells. The type of transcytosis of these macromolecules was confirmed through the use of specific inhibitors of clathrin or caveolin-mediated pathways. The inhibitors filipin III, nystatin and wortmannin significantly inhibited the endocytosis of vicilin, suggesting that the endocytic pathway is mediate mainly by caveolin. In this Thesis it was shown that the transcytosis of vicilin through the midgut cells of larval C. maculatus is mediated by a member of the SEC14 family homologous to the a-tocopherol transfer protein. It is possible to suggest that vicilin is internalized by endocytosis dependent on caveolin. In relation to the phaseolin, it was observed difficulty of internalization by the larvae of C. maculatus. These globulins favor the generation of reactive oxygen species, where the increase of lipid peroxidation was determined by the TBARS method and the use of anti-malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynenal antibodies.
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Doury, Géraldine. "L'installation du parasitisme chez un hyménoptère ectoparasitoïde solitaire, Eupelmus orientalis (CRW) (Eupelmidae) : aspects comportementaux, physiologiques et moléculaires." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR4009.
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La femelle adulte et la larve néonate de l'ectoparasitoïde solitaire Eupelmus orientalis (Hymenoptera : Eupelmidae) ont toutes deux la capacité d'induire une paralysie permanente et un arrêt du développement chez les larves hôtes de Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera : Bruchidae), par piqure et morsure respectivement. Ces deux modes d'envenimation des hôtes apparaissent indépendants et complémentaires dans les cas de parasitisme primaire ou d'hyperparasitisme sur une espèce hyménoptère éloignée. En revanche, le développement des larves en hyperparasites sur les membres de leur propre espèce ou genre requiert l'injection préalable de venin par la femelle adulte. Les secrétions venimeuses injectées par la femelle adulte ou la larve néonate ont des effets similaires sur le métabolisme cellulaire des hôtes primaires. Les synthèses protéiques sont bloquées chez les hôtes C. Maculatus envenimés par une femelle ou une larve néonate de E. Orientalis, mais l'absence de dégradation de l'ADN indique que ces hôtes paralysés demeurent vivants et quiescents. Les secrétions venimeuses injectées par les femelles adultes et les larves néonates de E. Orientalis présentent des profils protéiques différents. Les propriétés immunoréactives des protéines du venin des femelles et des secrétions larvaires ont également été analysées. Il y a conservation antigénique entre certaines protéines du venin de E. Orientalis et de l'abeille, Apis mellifera. Enfin, les activités enzymatiques hyaluronidase, phospholipase, et lipase ont été testées dans la glande à venin des femelles et les secrétions produites par les larves de E. Orientalis. Aucune activité lipase n'a été détectée. Une activité phospholipase est commune au venin de la femelle et aux secrétions larvaires de E. Orientalis, alors qu'une activité hyaluronidase est spécifiquement présente dans le venin de la femelle adulte
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Appleby, Joelle Helen. "Biology of bruchid pests of stored bambara groundnuts (Vigna subterranea (L.)) : with special reference to imaginal polymorphism in Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic.)." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394944.
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Dharmasena, Colomba Muhandiramge Donald. "The control of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) in cowpeas in Sri Lanka : effect of varietal resistance, conventional insecticides and locally available botanicals." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307605.
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Silva, Jose Antonio da. "Isolamento e caracterização bioquimica de inibidores de proteinases serinicas de sementes de Copaifera Iangsdorffii : estudo da resistencia contra o Callosobruchus maculatus." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314667.
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Previous issue date: 2000<br>Resumo: Os inibidores foram isolados de TOI em sementes de Copaifera langsorffii, conhecida vulgarmente por Copaíba, uma árvore nativa do Brasil da subfamília Caesalpinoideae da família Leguminosae. A fração TOI foi purificada a partir de precipitação com sulfato de amônio, cromatografia em uma coluna de troca-iônica em OEAE-Sepharose e coluna de afinidade em Sepharose- Trypsina. TOI apresentou-se homogêneo em gel de poliacrilamida-SOS 12,5%, com uma massa molecular aparente de 24 kOa em condições não reduzidas, e 12 kOa em condições reduzidas com OIT. A massa molecular relativa estimada por filtração em gel em uma coluna Superdex-75, sistema FPLC, confirmou os resultados obtidos em PAGE-SOS. TOI tem um Ki de 1,2nM para a enzima tripsina bovina mostrando uma alta afinidade. No entanto, TOI não mostrou atividade inibitória para quimotripsina. O estudo da estequiometria do complexo TOI-tripsina revelou que este inibe tripsina na razão molar de 1: 1. O complexo TripsinaTOI foi eluído na cromatografia de filtração em gel com um tempo de retenção equivalente a uma massa molecular relativa de 39 kOa. Evidenciou-se também que TOI é ativo na sua forma monomérica e não na sua forma dimérica. A Focalização Isoelétrica de TOI revelou a presença de duas bandas de proteínas, ambas coradas para inibidor de tripsina com pls de 6,45 e 7,35, indicando dois inibidores em TO!. Os inibidores de TOI, designadas por TOI-I e TOI-II, foram isoladas em coluna de fase reversa C18 /lBondapack, em Sistema HPLC Walters. Foi observado em gel de Tricina 16,5% uma diferença mínima na massa molecular aparente, sendo aproximadamente 12 e 10 kOa para TOI-I e TOI-1I respectivamente. O sequenciamento N-terminal dos inibidores de TOI revelou a presença da sequência consenso observada nos inibidores de tripsina tipo Kunitz para TOI-I, contudo, pesquisas nos banco de dados de proteínas não revelou nenhuma homologia para TOI-II. TOI mostrou alta estabilidade para diferentes condições de pH, temperatura e concentração de OTT, indicando um possível número elevado de pontes de dissulfeto na estrutura molecular. TOI não foi degradado proteoliticamente na digestibilidade in vitro pelas proteases encontradas no intestino médio do gorgulho Callosobruchus maculatus, e demonstrou um efeito deletério no desenvolvimento dos insetos, sugerindo que TOI atua como um fator antinutritivo e prejudica o desenvolvimento de Callosobruchus maculatus<br>Abstract: Two inhibitors have been isolated de TOI fraction in seeds of Copaifera langsorffii, ordinarily known as Copaíba, one Brazilian native tree of the Caesalpinoideae subfamily of Leguminosae family. The fraction TOI was purified by ammonium sulfate preeipitation, ion-exehange ehromatography on OEAE-Sepharose and affinity ehromatography on trypsin-Sepharose. TOI presented homogeneity in PAGE-SOS geI12,5%, with apparent moleeular mass of 24 and 12 kOa in non-and reduetion condition, respeetively. The relative moleeular mass determined by FPLC gel filtration on a Superdex 75 eolumn, eonfirmed on the results in PAGE-SOS. TOI have Ki of 1,2nM to bovine trypsin enzyme showing high affinity. However, no inhibition was found for quimotrypsin. The stoiehiometrie study of the trypsin-TOI eomplex evideneed that inhibitor is aetive for trypsin at 1: 1 molar ratio. The trypsin- TOI eomplex was eluted on a gel filtration ehromatography with retention time equivalent a relative moleeular mass of the 39kOa. Evidenced too, that TOI is active on enzyme trypsin on its monomerie form and not dimerie one. The isoelectrie foeusing of TOI demonstrated the presenee of two proteie bands, with isoelectrie point between 6.45 e 7,35, indicating two inhibitors in TOI. These inhibitors of TOI, designated for TOI-I and TOI-II, was isolated by reversed - phase HPLC on a J.L-Bondapaek column (Waters System) and was observed in Trieine-gel 16,5% one minimal differenee on apparent moleeular mass, of approximately 12 and 10 kOa for TOI-I and TOI-1I respectively. N-terminal sequeneing of the inhibitors of TOI, demonstrated the presenee of the eonsensus sequenee present in the soybean Kunitz-Type trypsin inhibitor for TOI-I, however, protein database searehes did not reveal any homology to TOI-II. The TOI showed high stability to pH different eonditions, temperature and amount of OTT, indicating one elevated number of disulfides bonds in a moleeular strueture. The TOI was not proteolytically degraded on a in vitro digestibility by midgut proteinases of the gorgulho Callosobruchus maculatus and demonstrated one deleterious effect on a insect's development, suggesting that TOI acts like toxie factor and deereased survival of Callosobruchus maculatus<br>Mestrado<br>Bioquimica<br>Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Bilal, Hamzeh. "Biologie de la reproduction chez Callosobruchus maculatus F. Coléoptère, Bruchidae, formes voilière et non voilière application à la protection des stocks /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376030034.
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Paula, Silvia Maria Alves de. "Avaliação da biossegurança alimentar de genótipos de feijão caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. WALP) suscetível e resistente ao Callosobruchus maculatus (FABR. 1775 )." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18818.
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PAULA, Silvia Maria Alves de. Avaliação da biossegurança alimentar de genótipos de feijão caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. WALP) suscetível e resistente ao Callosobruchus maculatus (FABR. 1775 ). 2008. 162 f. Tese (Doutorado em bioquímica)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2008.<br>Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-07-28T13:52:46Z
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Previous issue date: 2008<br>Brazil is one of the largest producers of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], a very important legume for human dietary protein and carbohydrate supply. Nevertheless, there are some factors which limit its productivity and utilization. The insect Callosobuchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) is considered the principal pest that attacks stored grains. In the Northeast of Brazil, breeding efforts involving cowpea have been directed towards the selection of high yielding varieties associated with traits of resistance to diseases and pests. However, studies on the nutritional quality of these improved genotypes are scanty. In this study, the research was conducted with two cowpea genotypes, BR9 Longá e IT81D 1053, susceptible and resistant to cowpea weevil, respectively, to evaluate whether the probable factors related to the resistance would interfere with the nutritional value. Proximate composition showed that both genotypes are good sources of proteins (23.45 and 26.61 g/100 g dry matter), carbohydrates (61.62 and 62.94 g/100 g dry matter) and crude fiber (4.32 and 5.20 g/100 g dry matter), presenting low contents of oil (3.30 and 3.89 g/100 g dry matter). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the seed flours showed similar patterns for both genotypes, except for the presence of a very prominent 29 kDa band in the resistant genotype. The presence of antinutritional factors such as lectin, urease and trypsin inhibitor was detected in both cowpea genotypes. Lectin (0.10 UH/mgF) and urease (25.13 and 25.41 U/gF) amounts were similar in the susceptible and resistant genotypes. The resistant genotype presented a higher content of trypsin inhibitor (18.55 mg trypsin inhibited/gF) than the susceptible one (12.57 mg trypsin inhibited/gF). Feeding trial conducted with rats fed the experimental diets containing seed flour of BR9 Longá and IT81D 1053 as the sole protein source, at 10% level, were not sufficient to promote animal growth compared to the animals fed the high quality diet containing egg white. However, when compared the treatments containing susceptible and resistant cowpea genotypes most of parameters analyzed were similar. Diets containing the chitin binding proteins (CBP), purified from susceptible and resistant cowpea genotypes and complemented.<br>O Brasil é um dos grandes produtores de feijão caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], uma importante leguminosa para consumo humano por ser boa fonte proteínas e carboidratos. Todavia, há vários fatores que limitam a produtividade e utilização dessa cultura, destacando-se o ataque pelo inseto Callosobruchus maculatus (gorgulho), conhecido como uma das principais pragas de armazenamento. No Nordeste do Brasil, genótipos de feijão caupi foram criados através de melhoramento genético, visando aumento da produtividade e resistência a doenças e pragas. Porém, é detectada a escassez de informações relacionando resistência e valor nutricional. Assim sendo, no presente estudo, dois genótipos melhorados geneticamente, BR9 Longá e IT81D 1053, suscetível e resistente ao gorgulho, respectivamente, foram selecionados, para verificar se as alterações promovidas pelo melhoramento afetariam sua qualidade nutricional. Os dados de composição centesimal mostraram que ambos os genótipos constituem-se em boa fonte de proteínas (23,45 e 26,61 g/100 g de matéria seca), carboidratos (61,62 e 62,94 g/100 g de matéria seca) e fibra bruta (4,32 e 5,20 g/100 g de matéria seca), apresentando baixos conteúdos de lipídios (3,30 e 3,89 g/100 g de matéria seca). Os perfis eletroforéticos da farinha de sementes dos dois genótipos mostraram-se muito semelhantes entre si, exceto a existência de uma banda mais proeminente na região de 29 kDa verificada no genótipo resistente. Fatores antinutricionais tais como lectina, urease e inibidor de tripsina foram verificados nos dois genótipos de feijão caupi avaliados. Os teores de lectina (0,10 UH/mgF) e de urease (25,13 e 25,41 U/gF) se mostraram bem similares nos genótipos suscetível e resistente. Já os conteúdos de inibidor de tripsina foram diferentes, tendo o genótipo resistente apresentado maior atividade (18,55 mg de tripsina inibida/gF) em comparação ao suscetível (12,57 mg de tripsina inibida/gF). Farinhas dos genótipos BR9 Longá e IT81D 1053, quando incluídas em dietas para ratos como única fonte protéica, a 10%, não foram capazes de promover o crescimento dos animais de forma similar à albumina da clara do ovo (proteína padrão). Todavia, quando comparado o tratamento Avaliação da Biossegurança Alimentar de Genótipos... contendo farinha do genótipo suscetível com aquele contendo o genótipo resistente, para a maioria dos parâmetros analisados, as respostas foram bem parecidas. Dietas contendo proteínas ligantes à quitina (PLQ), purificadas do genótipo suscetível e do resistente, complementadas com albumina da clara do ovo, apresentaram valor nutricional igual ou superior ao padrão (somente clara do ovo). Diante dos parâmetros analisados, os resultados permitem concluir que o melhoramento genético do feijão caupi, o qual conferiu resistência ao Callosobruchus maculatus, não foi capaz de alterar a qualidade nutricional dessa leguminosa. Além disso, diferentemente ao verificado com o Callosobruchus maculatus, não foram observados efeitos antinutricionais, tóxicos e/ou alergênicos para os animais testados (ratos e camundongos), associados ao consumo das PLQ provenientes do genótipo suscetível ou do resistente.
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PEREIRA, Adriana Carla Ribeiro Lopes. "Utilização de óleos essenciais e fixos no controle de Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775) (Coleoptera:Bruchidae) em caupi, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. armazenado." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2006. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5939.
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Previous issue date: 2006-07-03<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The weevil Callosobruchus maculatus is considered the most important pest of cowpea stored in tropical and subtropical regions. Focusing minimize the undesired effects of synthetic chemical insecticides, vegetal origin oils is a promissory alternative to control it because its low cost and safety to the applicator and consumers. Essential oils (Cymbopogon martini Roxb., Piper aduncum L., P. hispidinervum C.DC., Melaleuca sp. and Lippia gracillis Shau) and fixed oils (Helianthus annus L., Sesamum indicum L., Gossypium hirsutum L., Glycine max L. and Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) were tested in cowpea grains (cv. Ever Green). These oils were used in the concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50μL/20g, corresponding to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 L/t and impregnated to the grains into the plastic recipients using an automatic pipette and handly agitated for two minutes. Plots of 20g from cowpea were infested with eight females of C. maculatus from 0 to 48 hours old. Each oil was tested separately in a randomly arrangement with six replicates. The essential oils of C. martini, P. aduncum and L. gracillis provoked 100% of mortality in all concentrations, P. hispedinervum from 1.5 L/t and Melaleuca sp. in the concentrations of 2.0 and 2.5 L/t. The reduction of the viable eggs and emerged insects was about 100%. By the other hand, the fixed oils, in spite of its low mortality in all tested concentrations, reduced at almost 100% the number of the viable eggs and emerged insects.<br>O caruncho, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.), é considerado a praga mais importante do caupi armazenado em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Visando minimizar os efeitos indesejáveis dos inseticidas químicos sintéticos, o controle desta praga com óleos de origem vegetal vem se constituindo numa alternativa promissora, de baixo custo e segura para os aplicadores e consumidores. Foram testados os óleos essenciais (Cymbopogon martini Roxb., Piper aduncum L., P. hispidinervum C.DC., Melaleuca sp., Lippia gracillis Shau) e fixos (Helianthus annus L, Sesamum indicum L, Gossypium hirsutum L., Glycine max L. e Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), em grãos de caupi, cv. Sempre Verde. Os óleos foram utilizados nas concentrações 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50μL/20g, correspondendo a 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0 e 2,5 L/t e impregnados aos grãos no interior de recipientes de plástico, com auxílio de pipetador automático, e agitados manualmente durante dois minutos. Parcelas de 20g de caupi foram infestadas com oito fêmeas de C. maculatus com 0 a 48 h de idade. Cada óleo foi testado, separadamente, em delineamento inteiramente casualisado com seis repetições. Os óleos essenciais de C. martini, P. aduncum e L. gracillis causaram 100% de mortalidade em todas as concentrações, P. hispidinervum a partir de 1,5 L/t e Melaleuca sp. nas concentrações de 2,0 e 2,5 L/t. A redução do número de ovos viáveis e de insetos emergidos foi de 100%. Por outro lado, os óleos fixos, apesar de apresentarem baixa mortalidade em todas as concentrações testadas, reduziram em praticamente 100% o número de ovos viáveis e de insetos emergidos.