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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Calorimetry testing

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Academic literature on the topic 'Calorimetry testing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Calorimetry testing"

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Reynard-Carette, C., G. Kohse, J. Brun, M. Carette, A. Volte, and A. Lyoussi. "Review of Nuclear Heating Measurement by Calorimetry in France and USA." EPJ Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 04019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817004019.

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This paper gives a short review of sensors dedicated to measuring nuclear heating rate inside fission reactors in France and USA and especially inside Material Testing Reactors. These sensors correspond to heat flow calorimeters composed of a single calorimetric cell or of two calorimetric cells at least with a reference cell to obtain a differential calorimeter. The aim of this paper is to present the common running principle of these sensors and their own special characteristics through their design, calibration methods, and in-pile measurement techniques, and to describe multi-sensor probes including calorimeters.

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Moroń, Leszek, and Paweł Żyłka. "Simplified isoperibol calorimetry for thermal testing of dielectric and conducting materials." Archives of Electrical Engineering 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10171-011-0010-y.

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Simplified isoperibol calorimetry for thermal testing of dielectric and conducting materials A simplified isoperibol calorimetry method for measuring specific heat in solids is described. Taking advantage of the classical Nernst dependency the specific heat is calculated from time-domain temperature curves registered for a sample forced heating and natural cooling phase. In order to improve accuracy of the measurements a correction factor, taking into account the heat transferred to the surrounding, is introduced along with a procedure of statistical elimination of unavoidable measurement deviations. The method is implemented in a simple and straightforward measuring system involving no vacuum calorimeter. The method is applicable for quick and routine specific heat measurements performed on small solid dielectric or metallic specimens at near-room temperature. Test results of various materials used commonly in electrical engineering are demonstrated and discussed as well as comparison to drop calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry reference measurements is included. The overall repeatability of the test method and the simplified apparatus is estimated as not worse than 2.6%.

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Kang, Sungwook, Minjae Kwon, Joung Yoon Choi, and Sengkwan Choi. "Thermal Boundaries in Cone Calorimetry Testing." Coatings 9, no. 10 (September 29, 2019): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9100629.

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Bench-scale cone calorimetry is often used to evaluate the fire performance of intumescent-type coatings. During the tests, the coating geometry inflates. These thick, block-shaped specimens expose their perimeter side surfaces to both the heat source and the surroundings, unlike the typical thin, plate-shaped samples used in flammability tests. We assessed the thermal boundaries of block-shaped specimens using plain steel solids with several thicknesses. The heat transmitted through the exposed boundaries in convection and radiation modes was determined by four sub-defining functions: non-linear irradiance, convective loss, and radiant absorption into and radiant emission from solids. The individual functions were methodically derived and integrated into numerical calculations. The predictions were verified by physical measurements of the metals under different heating conditions. The results demonstrate that (1) considering absorptivity, being differentiated from emissivity, led to accurate predictions of time-temperature relationships for all stages from transient, through steady, and to cooling states; (2) the determined values for the geometric view factor and the fluid dynamic coefficient of convection can be generalized for engineering applications; (3) the proposed process provides a practical solution for the determination of optical radiative properties (absorptivity and emissivity) for use in engineering; and (4) the heat transmitted through the side surfaces of block specimens should be included in energy balance, particularly in the quantification of a heat loss mechanism. This paper outlines a comprehensive heat transfer model for cone calorimetry testing, providing insights into the mechanism of complex heat transmission generated on the test samples and quantifying their individual contributions.

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Rattanachaiwong, Sornwichate, and Pierre Singer. "Indirect calorimetry as point of care testing." Clinical Nutrition 38, no. 6 (December 2019): 2531–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.12.035.

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Morgan, Alexander B., and Mary L. Galaska. "Flammability testing of wool/cellulosic and wool/synthetic fiber blends: Vertical flame spread and heat release results." Journal of Fire Sciences 38, no. 6 (November 2020): 522–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904120954013.

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Wool is a natural fiber with lower heat release/flammability than some synthetic fabrics, but it has not been well studied for its heat release when other fibers such as cotton, linen, and nylon are present in the woven fabric. In this article, the heat release and vertical flame spread of six commercially available natural color fabrics is reported. This includes 100% wool, 80% wool/20% nylon, 70% wool/30% linen, 45% wool/55% cotton, and 40% wool/38% cotton/12% nylon/10% metallic thread fabric. Heat release was measured through cone calorimetry (ASTM E1354) as a function of the sample mounting method, through microscale combustion calorimetry (ASTM D7309), and flame spread was measured by ASTM D6413. The type of insulated backing used greatly affected the cone calorimeter results, and fabric types did show some effects in vertical flame spread and microscale combustion calorimeter testing.

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Ahonen, Antti, Henry Weckman, and Martti Yli-Penttilä. "Application of oxygen-consumption calorimetry to non-combustibility testing." Fire and Materials 9, no. 3 (September 1985): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810090306.

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Toenjes, Anastasiya, Heike Sonnenberg, Christina Plump, Rolf Drechsler, and Axel von Hehl. "Measurement and Evaluation of Calorimetric Descriptors for the Suitability for Evolutionary High-Throughput Material Development." Metals 9, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9020149.

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A novel method for evolutionary material development by using high-throughput processing is established. For the purpose of this high-throughput approach, spherical micro samples are used, which have to be characterized, up-scaled to macro level and valued. For the evaluation of the microstructural state of the micro samples and the associated micro-properties, fast characterization methods based on physical testing methods such as calorimetry and universal microhardness measurements are developed. Those measurements result in so-called descriptors. The increase in throughput during calorimetric characterization using differential scanning calorimetry is achieved by accelerating the heating rate. Consequently, descriptors are basically measured in a non-equilibrium state. The maximum heating rate is limited by the possibility to infer the microstructural state from the calorimetric results. The substantial quality of the measured descriptors for micro samples has to be quantified and analyzed depending on the heating rate. In this work, the first results of the measurements of calorimetric descriptors with increased heating rates for 100Cr6 will be presented and discussed. The results of low and high heating rates will be compared and analyzed using additional microhardness measurements. Furthermore, the validation of the method regarding the suitability for the evolutionary material development includes up-scaling to macro level and therefore different sample masses will be investigated using micro and macro samples during calorimetry.

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Kang, Sungwook, Sengkwan Choi, and Joung Yoon Choi. "Coupled thermo-physical behaviour of an inorganic intumescent system in cone calorimeter testing." Journal of Fire Sciences 35, no. 3 (April 19, 2017): 207–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904117701765.

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This article examines the thermo-physical behaviour of an inorganic-based intumescent coating, tested with bench-scale cone calorimetry, in order to promote the understanding of its intumescence and to contribute to the optimisation of its thermal insulation performance. In the test, the specimen underwent the following phenomena simultaneously: (1) thermo-kinetic endothermic water vaporisation; (2) formation of micro-scale pores in its internal volume; (3) expansion of its volume; (4) variations in thermal boundaries. These simultaneous phenomena cause several changes in internal–external conditions given to the test sample: (1) loss of mass (water molecules); (2) reduction of effective thermal conductivity owing to its porous structure; (3) increase in length of the conductive heat transfer path across its expanding volume; (4) irradiance intensification and additional heat transfer generation on its moving boundaries, exposed to the heat source and surroundings. This interacting thermo-physical behaviour impedes the heat transfer to the underlying substrate. It is therefore comprehensively explained by finite element analysis, associated with the experimental data obtained from a thermogravimetric analyser, differential scanning calorimetry, electric furnace and cone calorimeter tests. The numerical predictions agreed with the physical measurements with consistent accuracy, in terms of both histories of substrate temperature and coating-thickness expansion. This combined numerical–experimental approach enables clear interpretation on the process of intumescence, the impediment mechanism of heat transfer and the critical factors of the material’s behaviour.

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Nocuń-Wczelik, Wiesława, Artur Łagosz, Bartosz Kowalski, and Marek Gawlicki. "Calorimetry in testing waste materials from the brown coal combustion." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 118, no. 1 (July 25, 2014): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-014-3963-4.

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Mura, P., G. P. Bettinetti, M. T. Faucci, A. Manderioli, and P. L. Parrini. "Differential scanning calorimetry in compatibility testing of picotamide with pharmaceutical excipients." Thermochimica Acta 321, no. 1-2 (November 1998): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031(98)00440-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Calorimetry testing"

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Zhao, Lei. "Bench scale apparatus measurement uncertainty and uncertainty effects on measurement of fire characteristics of material systems." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050105-182456/.

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McLaggan, Martyn Scott. "Novel fire testing frameworks for Phase Change Materials and hemp-lime insulation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15896.

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Modern buildings increasingly include the usage of innovative materials aimed at improving sustainability and reducing the carbon footprint of the built environment. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are one such group of novel materials which reduce building energy consumption. These materials are typically flammable and contained within wall linings yet there has been no detailed assessment of their fire performance. Current standard fire test methods provide means to compare similar materials but do not deliver knowledge on how they would behave in the event of a real fire. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to develop a novel testing framework to assess the behaviour of these materials in realistic fire scenarios. For PCMs, a flammability study is conducted in the bench-scale cone calorimeter to evaluate the fire risk associated with these materials. Then, micro-scale Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) is used to identify the fundamental chemical reactions to be able to confidently interpret the flammability results. Finally, intermediate-scale standard fire tests are conducted to evaluate the applicability of the bench-scale results to realistic fire scenarios. These take the form of modified Lateral Ignition and Flame spread Test (LIFT) and Single Burning Item (SBI) tests to understand flame spread and compartment fires respectively. Finally, a simplified method to combine this knowledge for use in building design is proposed. This method allows the balancing of potential energy benefits with quantified fire performance to achieve the specified goals of the designer. Hemp-lime insulation is a material which has also becoming increasingly popular in the drive towards sustainability. The porous nature of the material means that smouldering combustions are the dominant reaction mode but there is currently no standardised test method for this type of behaviour. Thus, hemp-lime materials also represent an unquantified risk. The work in this thesis defines a simple, accessible and economically viable bench-scale method for quantifying the fire risk associated with rigid porous materials. This is applicable for both downward opposed flow and upward forward flow smoulder propagation conditions. The behaviour is then interpreted using micro-scale thermogravimetric analysis to understand the underlying pyrolysis and oxidation reactions. Designers can utilise this framework to quantify the smouldering risk associated with hemp-lime materials to enable their usage in the built environment. The holistic fire risk assessment performed in this thesis has quantified the behaviour of PCMs and hemp-lime insulation applicable to realistic fire scenarios. The simplified design method empowers designers to be able to realise innovative buildings through fundamental understanding of the fire behaviour of these materials. The outcomes of this thesis allow designers to mitigate the fire risk associated with these materials and achieve optimised engineering solutions. Furthermore, the novel fire testing frameworks provide the economically viable means to assess the fire performance of future PCMs and hemp-lime products which ensures lasting relevance of this research in the future.

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Hong, Jung Ki. "Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Rheology, Curing Behavior, and Fracture Performance of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resol Resin." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46189.

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The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), as potential additives, on the properties and performance of phenolâ formaldehyde (PF) adhesive resin. The steady-state viscosity of a commercial PF resol resin and three CNCâ resin mixtures, containing 1â 3 wt % CNCs, based on solids content, was measured with a rheometer as a function of shear rate. The viscosity of the PF resin itself was independent of shear rate. The viscosityâ shear rate curves of the CNCâ resin mixtures showed two regions, a shear thinning region at lower shear rates and a Newtonian region at higher shear rates. The low-shear-rate viscosity of the resin was greatly increased by the CNCs. The structure of the CNCâ resin mixtures under quiescent conditions was analyzed by polarized light microscopy. The mixtures contained CNC aggregates, which could be disrupted by ultrasound treatment. The curing progressions of the resin and CNCâ resin mixtures were analyzed by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC curves showed two exotherms followed by an endotherm. The energy of activation for the first exotherm was reduced by the CNCs whereas the energy of activation for the second exotherm was not affected by the CNCs. Increasing CNC contents caused higher degrees of reaction conversion during the first curing stage and a greater loss of sample mass, attributed to formaldehyde release during resin cure. For analysis of the mechanical properties during and after cure, sandwich-type test specimens were prepared from southern yellow pine strips and the resin and CNCâ resin mixtures. The mechanical properties of the test specimens were measured as a function of time and temperature by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The time to incipient storage modulus increase decreased and the rate of relative storage modulus increase increased with increasing CNC content. The ultimate sample stiffness increased with increasing CNC content for CNC contents between 0 and 2 wt %, which was attributed to mechanical reinforcement of the resin by the CNCs. At a CNC content of 3 wt %, the ultimate sample stiffness was lower than at a CNC content of 2 wt % and the second tan Î´ maximum occurred earlier in the experiment, indicating an earlier onset of vitrification. The lower ultimate sample stiffness was attributed to premature quenching of the curing reactions through CNC-induced depression of the vitrification point. For analysis of the fracture performance, double cantilever beam test specimens were prepared from southern yellow pine beams and the resin and CNCâ resin mixtures, using different hot-pressing times. Fracture energies were measured by mode I cleavage tests. Bondline characteristics were analyzed by light microscopy. At a hot-pressing time of 10 min, the fracture energy decreased with increasing CNC content, whereas it stayed constant for CNC contents between 1 and 3 wt % at a hot-pressing time of 8 min. The bondlines of resin mixtures containing CNCs exhibited voids, whereas those of the pure resin did not. CNCs had both benefitial and detrimental effects on the properties and performace of PF resin.
Master of Science

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Wasserbauer, Jaromír. "Mechanické vlastnosti mikrostrukturních komponent anorganických materiálů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233368.

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Disertační práce se zabývá studiem strukturních a mechanických vlastností anorganických materiálů. Cílem je nalezení jednotlivých fází ve zkoumaném materiálu a hlavně lokalizace (mechanicky) nejslabšího místa, jeho ovlivnění a následně výroba materiálu o lepších mechanických vlastnostech. Z důvodu velkého množství použitých metod je základní teorie vložena vždy na začátku příslušné kapitoly. Taktéž z důvodu značného množství výsledků jsou na konci kapitol uvedeny dílčí závěry. Práce je rozdělena na tři části, kdy první se zabývá seznámením s možnostmi modelování mikro-mechanických vlastností a provedením experimentů umožňujících posouzení rozsahu platnosti některého modelu. V druhé části je provedeno shrnutí současných možností indentačních zkoušek pro měření mechanických vlastností strukturních složek betonu a praktické zvládnutí metodiky vhodné k užití pro výzkum materiálů zkoumaných domovským pracovištěm. V třetí části je navržena metoda identifikace nejslabších článků struktury anorganických pojiv a její ověření na konkrétním materiálu zkoumaném na domovském pracovišti. V této dizertační práci jsou použity tyto metody: kalorimetrie, ultrazvukové testování, jednoosá pevnost v tlaku, nanoindentace, korelativní mikroskopie a rastrovací elektronová mikroskopie s energiově disperzním spektrometrem. Dílčími výsledky jsou kompletní charakterizace cementových materiálů, upřesnění stávajících poznatků a nalezení optimálního postupu pro charakterizaci. Hlavním výsledkem je inovativní přístup vedoucí k pozitivnímu ovlivnění materiálu.

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FALCAO, RAILSON B. "Síntese por reação do TiFe nanoestruturado para o armazenamento de hidrogênio, a partir da moagem de alta energia de misturas de pós de TiH2 e Fe." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/27135.

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Submitted by Mery Piedad Zamudio Igami (mery@ipen.br) on 2017-03-10T16:23:34Z No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T16:23:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Neste trabalho investigou-se a obtenção do composto TiFe a partir da moagem de alta energia de misturas de pós de TiH2 e Fe, seguida de aquecimento sob vácuo para a reação de síntese. No lugar do Ti, o TiH2 foi escolhido como precursor em razão de sua fragilidade, benéfica para a diminuição da aderência dos pós ao ferramental de moagem. Foram preparados dois lotes de misturas obedecendo-se a relação Ti:Fe de 50:50 e 56:44. Ambos foram processados em um moinho do tipo planetário por tempos que variaram de 5 até 40 horas, sob atmosfera de argônio de elevada pureza. Em todos os experimentos foram mantidos constantes a velocidade de rotação do prato do moinho, a quantidade de amostra, o diâmetro e o número de bolas. As amostras moídas foram caracterizadas por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), termogravimetria (TG), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), difração de raios X (DRX) e fluorescência de raios X por dispersão de energia (EDXRF). Apenas TiH2 e Fe foram observados nas amostras moídas, com um grau crescente de mistura em função do tempo de moagem. O composto TiFe nanoestruturado (12,5 a 21,4nm) foi obtido de forma majoritária em todas as amostras após a reação de síntese promovida pelo tratamento térmico a 600ºC (873K). As amostras reagidas foram caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) e DRX. Um equipamento do tipo Sievert, operando sob um fluxo constante (modo dinâmico), foi utilizado para levantar as curvas termodinâmicas de absorção e dessorção de hidrogênio. Todas as amostras absorveram hidrogênio à temperatura ambiente (~298K) sem a necessidade de ciclos térmicos de ativação. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com as amostras moídas por 25 e 40 horas, de composição não estequiométrica 56:44. Tais amostras absorveram e dessorveram hidrogênio à temperatura ambiente, sob os platôs de aproximadamente 6,4 e 2,2bar (~0,6 e 0,2MPa), respectivamente. A capacidade máxima de armazenamento foi de 1,06% em massa de hidrogênio (H:M~0,546), sob pressão de até 11bar (1,1MPa), com reversão de até 1,085% em massa de hidrogênio (H:M~0,559), sob pressão de até 1bar (0,1MPa). Estas amostras também apresentaram maior cinética de absorção e dessorção de hidrogênio com fluxos de 1,23 (25h) e 2,86cm3/g.min. (40h). Tais resultados são atribuídos à variação composicional da fase TiFe e à maior quantidade de TiH2 livre.
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear )
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Lee, Seung Han. "Material property estimation method using a thermoplastic pyrolysis model." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-121905-033150/.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Keywords: material property; thermometer; cone calorimeter; finite difference method; thermoplastic; pyrolysis model; fire dynamics simulators Includes bibliographical references. (p.162-163)

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Zacharoff, Hugo. "Simulating cable fires in Fire Dynamics Simulator : Based on small scale testing in cone calorimeter." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och brand, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85995.

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In a society increasingly more influenced by technology and electricity, electrical and computer cables will play a more vital role in humans’ everyday life. With an increasing number of cables being introduced into society, the risk of fires caused by or involving cables will increase and become a more common danger to property and human lives. The fire properties of cables are tested according to Standard EN 50399 where vertically mounted cables are exposed to a burner for 20 minutes. The present work consists of running simulations imitating the conditions of Standard EN 50399 for testing cables using a Computational Fluid Dynamics program called Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS). The general idea was to test the material in small-scale and running simulations to verify how well simulated values corresponded to values from actual testing, providing a potential less costly method of predicting the correct Euroclass in the development phase of new cables. During a visit at RISE in Borås, material for testing and a script previously used for testing a module of EN 50399 in FDS were obtained from previous work. The FDS script was later altered by adjusting the meshes inside the model in an effort to reduce simulation time. This was done by prioritizing smaller grid cells in high activity areas and using large grid cells in low activity areas. To verify the function of the model on the current version 7.5.0 of the FDS software, simulations were run empty without modelling the cables. To validate the FDS-model, temperatures were measured at four heights using a resemble of plate thermometers and the results were compared to older temperature measurements from an actual experiment using plate thermometers in the apparatus used at RISE when testing in the EN 50399 apparatus. To obtain the material data necessary for FDS, the material used as cable sheeting (surrounding the conductive metal core) molded into thin square plates were tested using a cone calorimeter at Luleå University of Technology. Two tests were conducted at irradiance levels of 50 and 25 kW/m2 where heat release rate was measured. Thenceforth followed 14 repeated tests at varying irradiance levels with the sole purpose of measuring time to ignition. In total 16 experiments were conducted, of which ten resulted in ignition, four of which did not ignite after exposure for 20 minutes and two which were interrupted due to swelling of the sample. After testing in the cone calorimeter, a critical irradiance level and ignition temperature of the material were verified using a theory presented by Janssens (1991). Two ramps – a controlled way of determining the materials heat release over time in FDS – were created based on the two tests at different irradiance levels. Using these new parameters simulations recreating the scenario for testing according to EN 50399 were run using FDS. Three simulations were run, testing different ramps and different implementations of the cables. The results proved it difficult to achieve the same heat release rate for cables simulated using FDS as heat released rate measured at experiments. With the simulations results at hand, in combination with uncertainties regarding material data it became clear the material had proven more difficult then anticipated. A possible reason for the big gap in heat release rate between simulations and experimental values could be considered to be the high ignition temperature given as material input for the cable in FDS.

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Chapman, P. D. "Application of diffusion laws to composting : theory, implications, and experimental testing : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. [i.e. Doctor of Philosophy] at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/819.

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Understanding the fundamentals of composting science from a pragmatic perspective of necessity involves mixtures of different sizes and types of particles in constantly changing environmental conditions, in particular temperature. The complexity of composting is affected by this environmental variation. With so much "noise" in the system, a question arises as to the need to understand the detail of this complexity as understanding any part of composting with more precision than this level of noise is not likely to result in greater understanding of the system. Yet some compost piles generate offensive odours while others don‟t and science should be able to explain this difference. A driver for this research was greater understanding of potential odour, which is assumed to arise from the anaerobic core of a composting particle. It follows that the size of this anaerobic core could be used as an indicator of odour potential. A first step in this understanding is the need to determine which parts of a composting particle are aerobic, from which the anaerobic proportion can be determined by difference. To this end, this thesis uses a finite volume method of analysis to determine the distribution of oxygen at sub-particle scales. Diffusion laws were used to determine the thickness of each finite volume. The resulting model, called micro-environment analysis, was applied to a composting particle to enable determination of onion ring type volumes of compost (called micro-environments) containing substrates (further subdivided into substrate fractions) whose concentrations could be determined to high precision by the application of first-order degradation kinetics to each of these finite volumes. Determination of the oxygen concentration at a micro-environment's inner boundary was achieved by using the Stępniewski equation. The Stępniewski model was derived originally for application to soil aeration and enables each micro-environment to have its own oxygen uptake rate and diffusion coefficient. This first version of micro-environment analysis was derived from the simpler solution to diffusion laws, based on the assumption of non-diffusible substrate. It was tested against three sets of experimental data with two different substrates: Particle size trials using dog sausage as substrate – where the peak composting rate was successfully predicted, as a function of particle size. Temperature trials using pig faeces and a range of particle sizes – the results showed the potential of micro-environment analysis to identify intriguing temperature effects, in particular, a different temperature effect (Q10) and fraction proportion was indicated for each substrate fraction. Smaller particle sizes, and possibly outward diffusion of substrate confounded a clear experimental signal. Diffusion into a pile trials which showed that the time course of particles deeper in the pile could be predicted by the physics of oxygen distribution. A fully computed prediction would need an added level of computational complexity in micro-environment analysis, arising from there being two intertwined phases, gas phase and substrate (particle) phase. Each phase needs its own micro-environment calculations which can not be done in isolation from each other. Unexplainable parts of the composting time course are likely to be partly explained by the outward diffusion of substrate towards the inward-moving oxygen front. Although the possibility of alternative electron acceptors can not be discounted as a partial explanation. To test the theory, a new experimental reactor was developed using calorimetry. With an absolute sensitivity of 0.132 J hr-1 L-1 and a measurement frequency of 30 minutes, the reactor was able to detect the energy required to humidify the input air, and "see" when composting begins to decline as oxygen is consumed. Optimisation of the aeration pumping frequency using the evidence from the data was strikingly apparent immediately after setting the optimum frequency. Micro-environment analysis provides a framework by which several physical effects can be incorporated into compost science.

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Hays, Jonathan Michael. "Performance of a lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter for the compact muon solenoid experiment at the large hadron collider." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325489.

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Bellander, Rickard. "Testing large samples of PCM in water calorimeter and PCM used in room applications by night-air cooling." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-495.

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Books on the topic "Calorimetry testing"

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Mulroy, William J. Evaluation of a standard device for calibrating calorimeter test rooms. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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Abbott, Maude E. The determination of basal metabolism by the "respiratory-valve and spirometer method" of indirect calorimetry with an observation on a case of polyeythaemia with splenomegaly / by Maude E. Abbott. [Canada?: s.n., 1996.

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Mulroy, William J. Evaluation of a standard device for calibrating calorimeter test rooms. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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Freer, Kevin Michael. Design and testing of a calorimeter for measurement of plutonium bearing waste. Salford: University of Salford, 1991.

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W, Stroup David, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Large Fire Research Facility (Building 205) exhaust hood heat release rate measurement system. [Gaithersburg, Md.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2000.

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American Society of Heating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. and American National Standards Institute, eds. Calorimeter test methods for mass flow measurements of volatile refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Calorimetry testing"

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Kang, Sungwook, Sengkwan Choi, and Joungyoon Choi. "Thermal Boundaries of Intumescent-Type Insulations in Cone Calorimeter Testing." In Fire Science and Technology 2015, 705–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0376-9_72.

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Godfrey, Thomas A., and Gary N. Proulx. "A Heat Transfer Analysis and Alternative Method for Calibration of Copper Slug Calorimeters." In Performance of Protective Clothing and Equipment: 10th Volume, Risk Reduction Through Research and Testing, 42–62. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp159320160002.

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Nur Azira, T., and I. Amin. "Advances in Differential Scanning Calorimetry for Food Authenticity Testing." In Advances in Food Authenticity Testing, 311–35. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100220-9.00012-6.

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"Characteristics and Suppression of Space Charge in Polyethylene." In Electrical Insulation Breakdown and Its Theory, Process, and Prevention, 156–80. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8885-6.ch006.

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In HVDC transmission systems, the space charge accumulation of polyethylene (PE) insulation is a major problem that threatens the safe and stable operation of cables. In this chapter, nanoparticles and voltage stabilizers are used to inhibit space charge in PE, which has excellent compatibility with PE. To study the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of the samples, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) testing, tensile testing, breakdown, and conductivity property were measured separately. Besides, the space charge behavior based on the PEA method was studied, and the carrier mobility was calculated by the space charge depolarization process. The experimental results indicate that PE modified by graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles and the voltage stabilizers demonstrate the suppression of space charge accumulation in PE insulation, which has less space charge accumulation than pure PE. The results show that graphene oxide and the preferred stabilizer have broad prospects in HVDC cable applications.

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Breivik, Turid R., and Ketil Pettersen. "CALORIMETRY AND WETTABILITY TESTING TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF SURFACE OXIDATION OF SiC PARTICLES IN PRODUCTION OF Al-PMMC." In Interfacial Phenomena in Composite Materials '91, 219–22. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-0356-0.50056-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Calorimetry testing"

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Bradley, K. J. "Precision calorimetry for loss evaluation." In IEE Half Day Colloquium Testing of Electrical Machines. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19990778.

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Aloian, Georgii, Nikita Kovalenko, Irina Shebarshina, Aleksey Konyashkin, and Oleg Ryabushkin. "Piezoelectric Resonance Laser Calorimetry for Optical Absorptance Testing of Crystal Boules." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleopr.2018.w3a.137.

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Aloian, G. A., N. V. Kovalenko, I. V. Shebarshina, A. V. Konyashkin, and O. A. Ryabushkin. "Piezoelectric resonance laser calorimetry for an optical testing of crystal boules." In 2018 International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lo.2018.8435555.

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Rauch, J. M., B. J. Crowley, J. T. Scoville, and C. J. Murphy. "Benchmark testing of DIII-D neutral beam modeling with water flow calorimetry." In 2015 IEEE 26th Symposium on Fusion Engineering (SOFE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sofe.2015.7482413.

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Sahm, Aaron, Robert Boehm, Kwame Agyenim-Boateng, Ken Hynes, Kim Hammer, Tommy Roberts, and Ken Stone. "Two Types of Calorimeters for Assessing Fresnel Lens Performance in Concentrating Solar Systems." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54166.

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Concentrating solar energy systems can use either refractive or reflective approaches to achieve the desired concentration ratio. However this is done, there is always a question about what the flux might actually be incident on the target of interest after the concentration process. Assessing the losses due to the concentration process is quite important in understanding the overall performance of the solar concentrating system. An issue that impacts this measurement is the type of system being evaluated, as the total flux at the focal point could be quite large. We have been working with concentrating PV units that utilize acrylic Fresnel lenses to achieve the necessary concentration on a single multi-junction cell. The magnitude of the losses associated with these types of lenses was desired. We developed two calorimeters for the purpose of evaluating the optical efficiency of Fresnel lenses utilized in various point focus concentrating systems. The first calorimeter developed utilizes a transient technique whereby a time-measured pulse of the beam is directed to a mass of material in a cavity form. The material has a high conductivity, so the lumped mass approximation can be used for the analysis of the energy absorbed if the temperature rise of the material is measured. The other calorimeter developed was a steady-state type that employs a technique commonly known as flow calorimetry. In this approach, the concentrated flux is beamed into the core of the calorimeter which is cooled to some steady-state value of temperature with a liquid (water near the ambient temperature was used in our tests). Knowing the liquid flow rate and temperature rise of the fluid allows the total heat input to be assessed. This paper discusses the development, testing, and comparison of the two calorimeters. Results are given for the evaluation of several types of commercial acrylic Fresnel lenses having different characteristics such as groove density and focal length.

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Iverson, Brian D., Joseph G. Cordaro, and Alan M. Kruizenga. "Thermal Property Testing of Nitrate Thermal Storage Salts in the Solid-Phase." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54159.

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Implementation of molten salt compounds as the heat transfer fluid and energy storage medium provides specific benefits to energy collection and conversion. Nitrate salts have been identified as a strong candidate for energy transfer and storage and have been demonstrated for use in these applications over time. As nitrate salts have solidification temperatures above ambient, concern for recovery from salt freezing events has instigated efforts to understand and predict this behavior. Accurate information of salt property behavior in the solid-phase is necessary for understanding recovery from a freeze event as well as for phase change thermal energy storage applications. Thermal properties for three representative salts (that span the range of melting temperatures from approximately 90–221 °C), have been obtained. These properties include specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity. Specific heat and thermal conductivity were measured using differential scanning calorimetry.

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Sabet, Seyed Morteza, Hassan Mahfuz, and Javad Hashemi. "An Investigation of Carbon Nanotube Dispersion in Vinyl Ester Resin Using Mechanical, Thermal and Statistical Techniques." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-40416.

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The inclusion of 0.25 and 0.5 wt.% functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into a vinyl ester (VE) resin has been studied. To investigate the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dispersion, the sonication process has been performed under a variety of parameters including mixing time and sonication amplitude. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and 3-point flexural testing methods have been employed to explore the thermo-mechanical properties of materials. Differential scanning calorimetry results show up to 13°C increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the VE polymer by introducing 0.25 wt.% CNTs with a total sonication energy of 60 KJ. It is also established that the flexural modulus of the polymer can be improved up to 24%. An array indentation technique has been used to evaluate the hardness and elastic modulus variations in the regions of nanoparticle concentration. The resulting variations along the indentation array have been statistically studied using three-parameter Weibull distribution. Based on the resulting dispersion conditions, the optimum sonication parameters and nanoparticle concentration have been determined.

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Mourad, Abdel-Hamid I., Omar G. Ayad, Ashfakur Rahman, Ali Hilal-Alnaqbi, and Basim I. Abu-Jdayil. "Experimental Investigation of Kevlar KM2Plus Nano-Reinforced Laminated Composite Thermo-Mechanical Properties." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63857.

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This work is concerned with the synthesis and characterization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced Kevlar KM2Plus composites with various MWCNT contents (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8 wt. %), by the wet lay-up technique. These samples were experimentally investigated for their thermo-mechanical properties using Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), tensile testing and three-point bending techniques. The mechanical properties showed remarkable improvement with increasing MWCNT wt.% up to certain content. The results revealed that the addition of MWCNT fillers has no significant effect on the thermal stability of the composites.

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Schaaf, Kristin L., and Sia Nemat-Nasser. "Blast Resistant Elastomeric Polymer-by-Design." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64414.

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The essence of this research is to mitigate shock through material design. Here we seek to develop a thorough understanding of the material through experimental characterization methods that lend themselves to creating verifiable constitutive relations, all while working towards the development of a new blast resistant elastomeric composite material. The host elastomer, polyurea, is created by reacting Versalink P-1000 with Isonate 143L. This study evaluates the impact of both chemistry modifications and the integration of micro-scale additives on the polyurea material system properties and performance. The properties of the resultant elastomers and elastomeric composite materials are mechanically and thermally characterized using durometer testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) testing, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) testing in order to determine the hardness, storage and loss moduli, and glass transition temperature of the composites, respectively. Preliminary results indicate that the durometer and dynamic mechanical properties of the material can be significantly altered through such modifications. The work described here is part of an ongoing effort to develop and verify rules and tools for creating elastomer-based composite materials with optimally designed compositions and characteristics.

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Panton, B., A. Michael, A. Pequegnat, M. Daly, Y. Zhou, and M. I. Khan. "An Innovative Laser-Processed NiTi Self-Biasing Linear Actuator." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3152.

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The revolutionary multiple memory material technology allows local modification of shape memory alloy functional properties to create monolithic actuators that exhibit several different thermomechanical characteristics. In this work, high density laser energy was used to process a monolithic piece of NiTi shape memory alloy material to allow synergistic pseudoelastic and shape memory effect behavior. The resulting actuator contains self-biasing properties eliminating the need for a separate biasing mechanism for cyclic actuation. The characteristics of these different local behaviors were analyzed using tensile testing and differential scanning calorimetry. The stress and strain amplitude of the self-biasing linear actuation was characterized with relation to input current control. This work provides proof of concept for local modification of martensitic and austenitic phases; enabling self-biasing linear actuation.

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Reports on the topic "Calorimetry testing"

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Cech, R., M. Craft, and R. Fultz. Testing of the small sample (new concept) calorimeter received from EG&G Mound Applied Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/562580.

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Baral, Aniruddha, Jeffrey Roesler, M. Ley, Shinhyu Kang, Loren Emerson, Zane Lloyd, Braden Boyd, and Marllon Cook. High-volume Fly Ash Concrete for Pavements Findings: Volume 1. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-030.

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High-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) has improved durability and sustainability properties at a lower cost than conventional concrete, but its early-age properties like strength gain, setting time, and air entrainment can present challenges for application to concrete pavements. This research report helps with the implementation of HVFAC for pavement applications by providing guidelines for HVFAC mix design, testing protocols, and new tools for better quality control of HVFAC properties. Calorimeter tests were performed to evaluate the effects of fly ash sources, cement–fly ash interactions, chemical admixtures, and limestone replacement on the setting times and hydration reaction of HVFAC. To better target the initial air-entraining agent dosage for HVFAC, a calibration curve between air-entraining dosage for achieving 6% air content and fly ash foam index test has been developed. Further, a digital foam index test was developed to make this test more consistent across different labs and operators. For a more rapid prediction of hardened HVFAC properties, such as compressive strength, resistivity, and diffusion coefficient, an oxide-based particle model was developed. An HVFAC field test section was also constructed to demonstrate the implementation of a noncontact ultrasonic device for determining the final set time and ideal time to initiate saw cutting. Additionally, a maturity method was successfully implemented that estimates the in-place compressive strength of HVFAC through wireless thermal sensors. An HVFAC mix design procedure using the tools developed in this project such as the calorimeter test, foam index test, and particle-based model was proposed to assist engineers in implementing HVFAC pavements.

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