Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Calphad'
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He, Zhangting. "CALPHAD study of cubic carbide systems with Cr." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-175730.
Full textPaulus, Kyle. "Combined CALPHAD and Machine Learning for Property Modelling." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278149.
Full textTekniker för att förbättra hastigheten med material som forskas och utvecklas har genomförts genom att undersöka metodik för maskininlärning. Dessa tekniker erbjuder lösningar för att ansluta längdskalorna för materialegenskaper från atomistiska och kemiska egenskaper med hjälp av materialdatabaser genererade från insamlade data. I denna bedömning används två materialinformatikmetoder för att förutsäga materialegenskaper i stål och nickelbaserade superlegeringar med denna metod. Martensite-starttemperatur och sigmafasmängd som en funktion av ingångssammansättningen har modellerats med användning av maskininlärningsalgoritmer. Den experimentella metoden hade en samling av över 2000 unika experimentella starttemperaturpunkter för martensit. Detta gav viktig information om interaktioner med högre ordning för martensit-starttemperaturen och ett root-medelvärde-kvadratfel (rmse) på 29 Kelvin med användning av ensemble-trädbaserade algoritmer. Metamodellen designades med hjälp av ett artificiellt neuralt nätverk från TensorFlows bibliotek för att förutsäga sigma-fasfraktion och dess sammansättning. Metoden för att bygga, beräkna och använda data från TC-Python kommer att anges. Detta genererar en modell som skulle generalisera sigma-fasfraktion 97,9 % av Thermo-Calcs jämviktsmodell på 7,1 sekunder jämfört med 227 timmar som behövs i simuleringen för att beräkna samma mängd materialegenskapsdata.
Yang, Yang. "Investigation of vanadium-containing oxide systems : CALPHAD and experiments." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Termodynamisk modellering, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-197292.
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König, Hans-Henrik. "Calphad data handling for generic precipitation modelling coupled with FEM." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280039.
Full textFör utveckling av ett generiskt modelleringsverktyg för utskiljningskinetiken i inhomogena komponenter krävs en effektiv databehandling som möjliggör integration av modeller för olika längdskalor och minskar beräkningstiden och resursförbrukningen. I denna avhandling utvecklas och testas en automatiserad metod för att generera, kurera och transformera termodynamisk och kinetisk Calphad-data. Detta möjliggör integration av utskiljningsmodeller i finita-element metodkoder. Pycalphad tillsammans med en öppen källkod används för att komma åt Calphad-databaser. Ett Python-skript används för att beräkna de termodynamiska och kinetiska parametrarna som används i utskiljningsmodellen. Uppgifterna sparas i en öppen källkodsinfrastruktur. Den utvecklade metoden demonstreras genom att generera, kurera och transformera information för det binära modellsystemet Cu-Co Resultaten visar att Pycalphad kan användas för att tillhandahålla de nödvändiga termodynamiska och kinetiska parametrarna för utskiljningsmodeller. En ytterligare förbättring av den presenterade källkoden är nödvändig för att möjliggöra applikationen inom hela sammansättningsområdet.
Helander, Thomas. "Some applications of CALPHAD techniques to diffusion reactions in gradient materials." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 1999. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs99/hela0604.pdf.
Full textBigdeli, Sedigheh. "Developing the third generation of Calphad databases: what can ab-initio contribute?" Doctoral thesis, KTH, Termodynamisk modellering, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215214.
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Bryant, Nathan J. "EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF THE CALPHAD APPROACH APPLIED TO MULTI-PRINCIPLE ELEMENT ALLOYS." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1433176902.
Full textDilner, David. "Profitability = f(G) : Computational Thermodynamics, Materials Design and Process Optimization." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191243.
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Lafaye, Paul. "Développement d’outils de modélisation thermodynamique pour la prédiction de l’état métallurgique d’alliages à base zirconium." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1125/document.
Full textCurrently, zirconium alloys are used as fuel cladding materials in PWR (Pressurized Water Reactors). The claddings stand in a very corrosive and radiative environnement, and can be submitted to temperature variations. In addition, the claddings will be subjected to mechanical stresses in reactor or accidental conditions. Thus, it appears useful to have a better understanding of phase transformations occurring in these alloys, as a function of temperature and chemical composition variations, but also to forecast the precipitation of fragile phases induced by the addition of alloying elements. At last, the ability to test new alloy compositions may allow to optimize it.The most suitable method for the thermodynamic modeling of multicomponent systems is the Calphad method (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams). The Calphad method is a widely used technique of semi-empirical modelling of phase diagrams. It consists in the description of the Gibbs energies of the different phases by fitting parameters allowing to describe the experimental data.This report details the design of a thermodynamic database considering the five following elements Zr, Cr, Fe, Nb, and Sn. The originality of this database lies in a systematic use of DFT calculations. Indeed, DFT calculations are performed to predict the formation enthalpy of the intermetallic phases appearing in these systems. Moreover, the SQS method (Special Quasirandom Structure) is used to predict the mixing enthalpy of the fcc, bcc and hcp binary solid solutions. Besides, experimental investigations are an important step of this thesis. Since no experimental data were available for the Cr-Fe-Sn, Cr-Nb-Sn, Cr-Sn-Zr and Fe-Nb-Sn ternary systems, new experimental data are provided, within this study, on the isothermal sections of these systems at different temperatures. All these calculated data in addition to the experimental data and the data from literature are used as input data for the Calphad modelling of the twenty binary and ternary systems which are then combined in the new database. A last part is dedicated to comparisons between predictions obtained with our new database and experimental results on industrial quinary alloys and a new concept of claddings
Bourgeois, Natacha. "Modélisation de systèmes métal-hydrogène par couplage des méthodes DFT, CVM et Calphad." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1045/document.
Full textHydrogen absorption in the interstitial sites of metals is crucial for major issues such as alloy embrittlement or hydrogen storage for energy applications. This phenomenon modifies the physicochemical properties of the host metal and may lead to the formation of ordered MHy compounds called hydrides. Within this framework, the Calphad modeling method (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) is a relevant tool for understanding and predicting the behavior of metals and alloys in the presence of hydrogen. However, there is no Calphad database centered on hydrogen for calculating phase equilibria in multi-constituent systems (ternary, quaternary…).The present thesis proposes to use a multi-scale modeling approach to study metal-hydrogen (M-H) binary systems, which are the first step in designing such a Calphad database. First, systematic DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations were carried out for 31 binary M-H systems considering 30 potential crystal structures, resulting in 30 × 31 = 930 hydrides, stable or metastable. This high throughput approach allowed in particular to determine the enthalpies of formation at 0 K, which represent important input data for the Calphad method. New hydrides that have never been experimentally observed could be predicted at high pressure (TaH2, ZrH3 ...).Then, phonon calculations in the harmonic approximation were performed on the most stable hydrides. They allow, on the one hand, to correct the DFT calculated enthalpies of formation by considering the energy and entropy due to the atom vibrations, which are not negligible for the light hydrogen atom. On the other hand, a large-scale study focused on the modification of the free energy of formation due to hydrogen substitution by its isotopes, known as "isotopic effect". Predictions were made on the nature of this effect as function of temperature. Moreover, the random insertion of hydrogen atoms in solid solution was studied using statistical thermodynamic methods: CVM (Cluster Variation Method) and Monte-Carlo simulation. These methods have been implemented in calculation codes, applied to face centered cubic (fcc) and body-centered cubic (bcc) metals. The input data are the interactions energies between nearest neighbor atoms. They are provided by the CEM (Cluster Expansion Method) coupled with DFT calculations. A comparative study of the Ni-H and Pd-H systems revealed the specificities of the thermodynamic behaviors of both solid interstitial solutions. Furthermore, dihydrogen pressure is an important parameter because many hydrides form only at very high pressure. To improve the Calphad model accuracy at high pressure, the model of Lu et al. was applied to the condensed phases of the Ni-H, Rh-H and Mg-H systems. This model allows to determine the contribution to the free enthalpy due to the pressure force work. The input data may be both quasi-harmonic phonon calculation results and experimental data. Finally, a comprehensive Calphad model of the Ni-H system was carried out by integrating the model of Lu et al. The DFT enthalpy of formation and the mixing enthalpy determined by CEM were used as input data, to complement the available experimental data
Li, Zhou. "First step to a genomic CALPHAD database for cemented carbides : C-Co-Cr alloys." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207812.
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Sachi, Savya. "Coupling solidification model with CALPHAD data for the prediction of macrosegregation and solidification structures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0086.
Full textThe present work aims at refining existing models in SOLID® by developing capabilities for improved prediction of the solidification process. Multiphase solidification models incorporate transport equations, which are closed by interphase transfer terms that are governed by microscopic constitutive relationships. These analytical relationships rely on the accurate representation of the microstructural phenomena such as the grain morphology and solute profile in the phases, along with the assumptions of diffusion-controlled solidification with thermodynamic equilibria at the solid-liquid interfaces. This work focuses on two aspects: i) coupling solidification model with the thermodynamics of multicomponent alloys and ii) incorporating a new liquid diffusion length model for improved prediction of solute profile in the liquid phase. A methodology is proposed for incorporating phase diagram data into multiphase volume average solidification models. Previous instances of coupling the model with thermodynamic software packages include direct coupling with the software and a tabulation and interpolation technique. Direct coupling is time-consuming, whereas the tabulation approach becomes infeasible with increasing number of components in the system. We present a novel approach of using Artificial Neural Networks - Multi-layer perceptron (ANN-MLP) on tabulated thermodynamic data to obtain regression relationships, which can be easily coupled with the solidification model. This approach is computationally much more efficient than the above mentioned methods. The coupling procedure is described and validated with Thermo-Calc® Scheil solidification. Further simulations were performed on the Hebditch & Hunt benchmark case as well as an industrial ingot. Results obtained from the model, while improving the segregation prediction, also highlight the critical phase diagram parameters which help us propose modified values of these parameters for simulations which assume them to be constant. Secondly, the liquid diffusion length relationship proposed by Martorano et al. was extended to account for liquid convection. Simulation of the industrial ingot with the new diffusion length relationship shows significant impact on the grain size and grain morphology
Smith, Andrew Logan Mr. "Thermodynamic Evaluation and Modeling of Grade 91 Alloy and its Secondary Phases through CALPHAD Approach." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3773.
Full textZamoum, Ferhath. "Nouveaux matériaux à base de Niobium et de Molybdène pour turbines aéronautiques : relations de phases et oxydation ; élaboration de nouveaux revêtements." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10035/document.
Full textThe study of the high temperature oxidation behaviour of protective coatings deposited by pack cementation on Molybdenum- and Niobium-base in situ composite alloys is presented. These alloys are still under development in order to replace Nickel-base superalloys in aeronautic industry. Their protection in oxidising atmospheres is ensured by silicide coatings. They show an excellent high temperature (1100°C) oxidation resistance in isothermal and cyclic conditions, when constituted by iron, chromium and titanium complex silicide compounds. However, their performances at intermediate temperature (815°C) are not satisfactory either for Niobium- or Molybdenum-base substrates. To improve this behaviour, boron is added to the composition of the coatings and leads to a significant enhance of their resistance in cyclic conditions at 815°C. In addition, in order to develop new silicide and Ruthenium-based aluminide coatings for Niobium alloys, the study of phase equilibria in the Nb-Cr-Si and Nb-Ru-Al systems has been performed
Abreu, Faria Guilherme. "Investigation of a CalPhaD Approach for the Prediction of Solidification Segregation and its Effect on Solid State Transformations." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu157441443446564.
Full textBracq, Guillaume. "Thermodynamique et comportement mécanique de matériaux multi-composants." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1049/document.
Full textFor a long time, development of alloys was restricted to one principal element, or two, with minor elements added for performance optimization. In 2004, a new concept of materials was born: multi-component alloys forming a solid-solution and in which all components are very concentrated. These new alloys, named high entropy alloys, can combine high mechanical resistance and large ductility. By definition this new material concept should make it possible to explore an almost infinite field of chemical compositions. But in the meantime, the thermodynamic stability of these systems was poorly known and severely limits the choice of alloy compositions. In this context, the first objective of this study was to fully determine the composition range of existence of a unique fcc solid solution within the multi-component Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni system. To address this problem, the phase stability was theoretically and experimentally investigated. Using the Calphad approach and a new database (TCHEA-1), the stable phases of 10 626 compositions could be calculated, at several temperatures. The comparison between calculation and experimental results indicates that the fcc solid solution is accurately described by this database. Finally, it was shown that the fcc phase is stable over a wide range of composition, which was completely described. Now, it is possible to choose a priori a composition which will form a solid solution within this system. The heat of mixing of the fcc phase were compared between density functional theory (DFT) and Calphad calculations for binaries, ternaries, quaternaries and quinary systems. Significant differences were found with the predictions made by the TCHEA-1 database. In addition, these calculations have highlighted the absence of ternary and quaternary interaction for the Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni system. However, the influence of the composition on the fcc solid solution strengthening was not fully understood, which limits mechanical optimization. So, the evolution of structural and mechanical properties of multi-components alloys was experimentally investigated. Several alloys from the Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni system forming a unique fcc solid solution were processed. The lattice parameter was measured by XRD while the hardness and elastic modulus were measured by nano-indentation. The role of each element on the mechanical behaviour is presented. Finally, a model to assess the solid solution strengthening for this system is studied
Cardon, Clément. "Modélisation de la diffusion multi-composants dans un bain de corium diphasique oxyde-métal par une méthode d'interface diffuse." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX096/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. topic is focused on the modelling of stratification kinetics for an oxide-metal corium pool (U-O-Zr-steel system) in terms of multicomponent and multiphase diffusion. This work is part of a larger research effort for the development of a detailed corium pool modelling based on a CFD approach (“Computational Fluid Dynamics”) for thermal-hydraulics. The overall goal is to improve the understanding of the involved phenomena and obtain closure laws for integral macroscopic models.The phase-field method coupled with an energy functional using the CALPHAD method appears to be relevant for this purpose.In a first part, this works has been focused on the U-O binary system. We have developed a diffuse interface model (based on a Cahn-Hilliard equation) in order to describe the diffusion process in this system. This model has been coupled with a CALPHAD thermodynamic database and its parameterization has been developed with, in particular, an upscaling procedure related to the interface thickness.Then, within the framework of a modelling for the U-O-Zr ternary system, we have proposed a generalization of the diffuse interface model through an assumption of local equilibrium for redox mechanisms. A particular attention was paid to the model analysis by 1D numerical simulations with a special focus on the steady state composition profiles.Finally we have applied this model to the U-O-Zr-Fe system. For that purpose, we have considered a configuration close to small-scale experimental tests dedicated to the study of oxide-metal corium pool stratification
Bignon, Madeleine. "Contribution à la conception computationnelle d'alliages de titane ou à haute entropie : prédiction de l'occurrence de la transformation martensitique de trempe ou de déformation." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4053.
Full textThe object of this work is to develop tools for the design of titanium alloys displaying TRIP (TRansformation-Induced Plasticity) effect, through modelling the occurrence of martensitic transformation as a function of composition. The applicability of the approach to high entropy alloys is discussed. Using computational thermodynamics, and calculating the contribution of the elastic strain energy, we propose a method to predict the martensite start temperature (Ms). We suggest that the retention of the high temperature beta phase upon quenching may be due to the thermally activated character of martensite nucleation, rather than to an Ms below room temperature. Additionally, we exploit the phenomenological theory of martensite crystallography (PTMC) to suggest an explanation to the inhibition of martensite in conditions where it is thermo-elastically favourable. Martensite formation may in turn be prevented, for some compositions, by the impossibility to crystallographically accommodate the transformation via an invariant plane strain. Eventually, we use a multi-objective genetic algorithm to illustrate the approach through the theoretical design of alloys expected to display TRIP effect with maximized solid solution hardening and minimal environmental impact or geo-political risk. Other design examples show how alloys can be designed from recycled alloys, or how pairs of alloys can be simultaneously designed, in such a way as to obtain a bi-metal structure producible by additive manufacturing
Di, Napoli Paolo. "Modélisation des évolutions microstructurales par changement de phases dans les alliages de titane [bêta] - métastables." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL070N/document.
Full textA model has been developed which is able to predict the kinetics of beta → alpha transformation in industrial multi component titanium alloys during complex heat treatments. The model is based on: (i) a simple geometric representations of the different morphologies commonly observed in these alloys (parent α grains, α allotriomorphs (at grain boundaries), αcolonies and intragranular α precipitates); (ii) analytical nucleation and growth laws for each morphology of α phase; (iii) the assumption of local equilibrium at interfaces, handled within the CalPhaD framework; (iv) averaged solute balances in each morphology. Diffusion of solutes in both phases is considered. We thus obtain the transformation kinetics as well as mean size parameters and mean chemical composition for each morphology of the product α phase (at grain boundaries, colonies and intragranular precipitates. Calculations performed are at first presented for a ternary TiVO alloy emphasizing the potentialities of the model. The relationships between growth conditions, role of diffusion in each phase, and chemical composition for each morphology are analyzed upon isothermal holdings, cooling from the beta phase field and more complex cooling-heating sequence. The model is further used on the Ti17 industrial and results are compared to experimental transformation kinetics and microstructures
Bordier, Sébastien. "Modélisation thermodynamique des phases insolubles dans les verres nucléaires : application à la vitrification du molybdène et des produits de fission platinoïdes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4339/document.
Full textAfter the dissolution of the used fuel and the separation of several elements by the PUREX process, the high level nuclear wastes composed of fission products and minor actinides are reprocessed and vitrified in nuclear glasses at AREVA La Hague plant. Some of the fission products precipitate : they are not solubilized in the glass matrix. On the one hand, platinoids Pd-Ru-Rh are not soluble in the nuclear glasses. Depending on the oxygen potential, they form complex solid oxyde phases or intermetallic compounds containing chalcogen elements such as selenium and tellurium. On the other hand, the molybdenum forms only oxide phases during the vitrification process. It reacts strongly with the oxide phases present in the glass melt to form mainly molybdate phases. Some of these phases are only temporary formed but other are more stable and can precipitate in the glass matrix when a large amount of molybdenum is supplied. In this thesis, the thermodynamics of the chemical systems containing molybdenum, the platinoid elements Pd-Rh-Ru and the chalcogen elements Se and Te were experimentally investigated. At the same time, these chemical systems were modeled with the Calphad method so as to be able to predict the crystallization phenomena of molybdenum and the platinoids occurring during the vitrification as a function of the composition and the temperature. These modelings are useful to perform application calculations in relation with the vitrification process
Schramm, Lutz. "Untersuchung von Phasengleichgewichten in den Systemen Cu-O und Fe-Sm-Zr-Mo unter Verwendung von experimentellen Analyseverfahren und Computersimulation." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1141033969418-99657.
Full textEleno, Luiz Tadeu Fernandes. "Dados empíricos e ab initio no método CALPHAD: os sistemas Fe-Cr-Mo-C e Nb-Ni-Si." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-05122012-165651/.
Full textThe aim of this project is the combination of advanced experimental and theoretical approaches for the development of thermodynamic databases dedicated to modelling steels and high performance alloys. Examples of materials are centrifugally-cast superalloys designed for use in reforming and pyrolisis furnaces, as well as intermetallic-reinforced tool steels. The theoretical methods are the combination of electronic structure calculations and thermodynamic modeling at finite temperatures using the CALPHAD method. This methodology has been used by different scientific groups, both in Brazil and around the world. Using experimental data in the Fe-Cr-Mo-C sytem, recently determined in our laboratory, and first principles calculations in the Nb-Ni-Si system, together with other experimental results from the literature, we improved the existing thermodynamic databases for these two systems, minimizing discrepancies regarding the experimental evidence about phase stability fields and phase equilibria. In the Fe-Cr-Mo-C system, we employed experimental data for a reoptimization of the thermodynamic description. We adopted new descriptions for the binary Cr-Fe, C-Cr, and C-Fe systems, with new models for cementite in the C-Fe system, and sigma in the Cr-Fe system. Because of these alterations, a reevaluation of the ternary descriptions was necessary, reassessing them when required (C-Cr-Fe) or just revalidating existing models (C-Cr-Mo). After that, we re-optimized the quaternary system, arriving at satisfactory results, in comparison with experimental data. The thermodynamic properties of the Ni-Nb-Si system is almost completely unknown. For that reason, there are not enough data in the literature to perform a complete assessment of the system. With that in mind, we decided to perform first-principles electronic structure calculations, in order to determine the formation energies of the ternary compounds. The binary systems, on the other hand, are very well-known, each one of them with several published thermodynamic assessments during the last few years. For this reason, we adopted the most recent thermodynamic descriptions of the binaries as a starting point for the modelling of the ternary system. The result of the modelling is very satisfactory, in comparison with the few experimental information available.
Liu, Wei. "Investigations of the atomic order and molar volume in the binary sigma phase by DFT and CALPHAD approaches." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0471/document.
Full textThe sigma phase can serve as a prototype of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases, as the sigma phase bears a broad homogeneity range and there are numerous experimental data available for the sigma phase. In the present work, physical properties, including atomic order, molar volume, enthalpy of formation and bulk modulus, of the binary sigma phase were investigated by using first principles calculations and CALPHAD method combining with the experimental data from the literature. Firstly, we found that the atomic order (i.e. atomic constituent distribution or site occupancy preference on nonequivalent sites of a crystal structure) of the sigma phase is affected by the size factor and electron configuration of the constituent elements. Furthermore, we have dissociated the effect of the individual influencing factor on atomic order. Secondly, the atomic order is found affecting physical properties, such as enthalpy of formation, bulk modulus and molar volume. When in the ordered state at 0K, the sigma phase shows a low enthalpy of formation and a large bulk modulus. The influence of atomic order on the molar volume of the sigma phase depends on the electron configuration of the two constituent elements. Thirdly, the molar volume database of the binary sigma phase has been built up within the CALPHAD framework, which can greatly facilitate material design. Finally, we tentatively discussed the site occupancy prediction of the sigma phase by using the CALPHAD method combined with first-principles calculations
Lu, YiYao. "Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Co-Cr-Mo System." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-42584.
Full textMascaro, Aurore. "Étude expérimentale et thermodynamique du système Zr-Er-H." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1150.
Full textThis work at CEA is being achieved in the framework of the development of an innovating concept including the neutronic solid burnable poison, such as erbium, inside the cladding of pressurized water reactors. These new claddings are constituted by a liner of a zirconium base alloy slightly enriched in erbium between two liners of industrial zirconium alloys. Into the reactor core, the water dissociates at the surface of the cladding. So it is interesting to evaluate the interactions between the hydrogen released and the Zr-Er alloy. To do so, the Er-H-Zr ternary system has to be determined such similarly to its associated binaries. This can be done by experimental determination and by thermodynamic modelling. Both techniques were used in this work. Er-Zr and H-Zr have already been studied experimentally and modelled, but the Er-H binary system is almost unknown. So, we studied it experimentally. Then, it has been modelled using the Calphad method. We obtain a new evaluation of the Er-H binary system with phases limits rather different than what has been proposed in the literature. In order to determine the phase limits and, the potential existence of a ternary compound in the Er-H-Zr ternary system, an experimental study has been carried out. An original technique has been used to obtain the chemical compositions: ERDA combined with RBS. In this study, we propose a new isothermal section at 350°C of the Er H-Zr ternary system. About the modelling, the compatibility of the three modelled binaries has been checked in order to optimize the ternary system by the projection of the three binaries. The calculation obtained is in good agreement with the experimental isothermal section at 350°C determined in our work. Finally, uniaxial tensile test campaigns have been conducted to evaluate the impact of erbium and/or hydrogen on the mechanical properties of an industrial zirconium pure alloy. We evidenced a hardening effect of erbium and hydrogen but these effects are not correlated. None of these results is prohibitive for the use of this Er Zr alloy as a liner in the triplex concept
Schramm, Lutz. "Untersuchung von Phasengleichgewichten in den Systemen Cu-O und Fe-Sm-Zr-Mo unter Verwendung von experimentellen Analyseverfahren und Computersimulation." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24668.
Full textQuaini, Andrea. "Étude thermodynamique du corium en cuve - Application à l'interaction corium/béton." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI061/document.
Full textDuring a severe accident in a pressurised water reactor, the nuclear fuel can interact with the Zircaloy cladding, the neutronic absorber and the surrounding metallic structure forming a partially or completely molten mixture. The molten core can then interact with the reactor steel vessel forming a mixture called in-vessel corium. In the worst case, this mixture can pierce the vessel and pour onto the concrete underneath the reactor, leading the formation of the ex-vessel corium. Furthermore, depending on the considered scenario, the corium can be formed by a liquid phase or by two liquids, one metallic the other oxide. The objective of this thesis is the investigation of the thermodynamics of the prototypic in-vessel corium U-Pu-Zr-Fe-O. The approach used during the thesis is based on the CALPHAD method, which allows to obtain a thermodynamic model for this complex system starting from phase diagram and thermodynamic data. Heat treatments performed on the O-U-Zr system allowed to measure two tie-lines in the miscibility gap in the liquid phase at 2567 K. Furthermore, the liquidus temperatures of three Zr-enriched samples have been obtained by laser heating in collaboration with ITU. With the same laser heating technique, solidus temperatures have been obtained on the UO2-PuO2-ZrO2 system. The influence of the reducing or oxidising on the melting behaviour of this system has been studied for the first time. The results show that the oxygen stoichiometry of these oxides strongly depends on the oxygen potential and on the metal composition of the samples. The miscibility gap in the liquid phase of the U-Zr-Fe-O system has been also observed. The whole set of experimental results with the literature data allowed to develop the thermodynamic model of the U-Pu-Zr-Fe-O system. Solidification path calculations have been performed for all the investigated samples to interpret the microstructures of the solidified samples. A good accordance has been obtained between calculation and experimental results. Heat treatments on two ex-vessel corium samples showed the influence of the concrete composition on the nature of the liquid phases formed at high temperature. The observed microstructures have been interpreted by means of calculation performed with the TAF-ID database. In parallel, a novel experimental setup named ATTILHA based on aerodynamic levitation and laser heating has been conceived and developed to obtain high temperature phase diagram data. This setup has been validated on well-known oxide systems. Furthermore, this technique allowed to observe in-situ, by using an infrared camera, the formation of a miscibility gap in the liquid phase of the O-Fe-Zr system by oxidation of a Fe-Zr sample. The next step of the development will be the nuclearization of the apparatus to investigate U-containing samples. The implementation of a very fast visible camera (5000 Hz) to investigate the thermo-physical properties of in-vessel and ex-vessel corium mixtures is also underway. The synergy between the development of experimental and calculation tools will allow to improve the thermodynamic description of the corium and the severe accident code using thermodynamic input data
Deffrennes, Guillaume. "Étude expérimentale et évaluation thermodynamique du système Al-C-Mg." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1301/document.
Full textTo reduce its environmental footprint by lightweight vehicles design, the transportation sector relies on an increased use of magnesium based materials. Computational approaches relying on the use of thermodynamic databases can enable the accelerated development of such materials. Commercial thermodynamic databases regarding the Al-C-Mg are unreliable due to a lack of data. As a result, no guidance can be provided regarding the underlying mechanisms of the grain refinement of Mg-Al alloys by carbon inoculation which are debated in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a reliable thermodynamic assessment of the Al-C-Mg system. First of all, the literature regarding the Al-C-Mg system and its subsystems was critically reviewed. This review highlighted disagreements and shortages regarding the data related to the Al-C and Al-C-Mg systems. Secondly, an experimental procedure based on the use of sealed Ta crucibles was developed. This procedure is promising as it allowed working with magnesium up to 2094 K (1821°C) and 41 bars of pressure. Thirdly, experimental investigation and ab-initio calculations of data related to the Al-C and Al-C-Mg systems were conducted. The heat capacity as well as the standard enthalpy and entropy of formation of Al4C3 and Al2MgC2 were obtained. Furthermore, the crystal structure of Al2MgC2 was confirmed on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, and the thermal stability of the ternary carbide was determined. Lastly, CALPHAD optimization of the Al-C and Al-C-Mg systems was conducted on the basis of the critically assessed literature data as well as of those freshly obtained. Self-consistent thermodynamic descriptions of Al2MgC2, (Al,Mg)4C3 as well as the Al-C-Mg liquid phase were obtained. Those descriptions will fuel the thermodynamic databases and will enable the development of Mg-Al alloys and Mg-Al matrix carbon materials reinforced composites. This study provides a convincing argument supporting the fact that Al2MgC2 is responsible for the grain refinement of Mg-Al alloys by carbon inoculation
Katz, Joshua H. "Low Temperature Carburization of Ferritic Stainless Steels." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1256605313.
Full textTitle from PDF (viewed on 2010-01-28) Department of Materials Science and Engineering Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
Croze, Théo. "Thermochimie haute température des produits de fission platinoïdes (Pd, Rh, Ru) en interaction avec l'uranium ou le molybdène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2023/2023ULILR064.pdf.
Full textThe fission reaction of oxide nuclear fuel: UO2 or MOx ((U,Pu)O2) leads to the formation of fission products. Specifically, molybdenum, palladium, rhodium ruthenium and technetium are known to form metallic phases that precipitate in the fuel matrix. Throughout the nuclear fuel cycle, these phases modify the mechanical and chemical properties of the fuel. They take part in the cladding corrosion and precipitate as non-soluble particles in the fluorite matrix hindering both dissolution process of spent fuel and vitrification process for waste disposal. In some incidental events, these fission products can also interact with uranium and/or plutonium to form intermetallic phases.The goal of the present work is to improve the thermodynamic description of Mo-Pd-Rh-Ru and Pd Rh Ru U systems using the CalPhaD formalism, which combine thermodynamic data (from experiments or first principle calculations) as input with modelling based on the minimization of the internal Gibbs energy of the whole system.The selection of input data was based on a literature survey which also identified the main weaknesses and doubts. Next, the majority of these Mo-platinoid and U-platinoid binary systems were studied using metallographic and thermal analyses carried out on annealed and as-cast samples. These new results confirmed the main invariant reactions, but also highlighted the formation of new intermetallics, some resulting from the ordering of solid solutions. Phase equilibria were also assessed for the first time in the Pd-Ru-U and Rh-Ru-U ternaries. The difficulty of perfectly characterizing these transformations prevented a new assessment of the Pd-Rh-Ru-U system. Nevertheless, these new results may be useful for future optimization of the system. The results of the Mo-platinoid systems have enabled a re-optimization of the Mo Pd, Mo Rh and Mo Ru binaries, as well as the associated ternaries. A complete new description of the Mo Pd Rh Ru system is presented in this manuscript. The efficient formalism of this model makes it compatible with numerous thermodynamic databases developed to describe the thermochemistry of irradiated nuclear fuel, as well as those of backend processes
Epifano, Enrica. "Study of the U-Am-O ternary phase diagram." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX084/document.
Full textAmericium isotopes are the main contributors to the long-term radiotoxicity of the nuclear wastes, after the plutonium extraction. Among the reprocessing scenarios, the transmutation in fast neutron reactors using uranium-americium mixed oxide (U,Am)O2±x pellets seems promising. In this frame, the knowledge of the thermodynamics of the U-Am-O ternary system is of essential for the prediction of the behavior of (U,Am)O2 pellets and their possible interaction with the cladding, under normal and accidental conditions. This thesis is dedicated to the experimental investigation of U-Am mixed oxides on a wide range of Am contents (7.5 at.% ≤ Am/(Am+U) ≤ 70 at.%), with the aim to collect data for developing a thermodynamic model based on the semi-empirical CALPHAD method. The obtained results can be classified in three categories: structural, phase diagram and thermodynamic data. For the thermodynamic modeling of the ternary system, the assessment of the binary sub-systems is first required. As open questions still existed on the Am-O system, a first part of the work was dedicated to the study of the Am-O phase diagram by high-temperature (HT) XRD. The existence of a composition range of the bcc AmO1.61 phase was highlighted and the miscibility gap in the fluorite phase, proposed in the literature, was not found. Thanks to the new experimental data, the existing CALPHAD model of Gotcu et al. was modified. In a second step, structural investigations were performed on synthesized (U,Am)O2±x dioxides by coupling XRD, XAS and Raman spectroscopy. For all the compositions, the XRD confirmed the formation of a single fluorite structure. The O/M ratio (with M=U+Am) at room temperature was determined to be lower than 2; the stability of trivalent americium Am3+ in the dioxide solid solution was highlighted, which induces a partial oxidation of uranium from U4+ to U5+. This charge distribution, peculiar for a dioxide, is accompanied by the formation of complex oxygen defects in the fluorite structure. By a HT-XRD investigation of the mixed oxides under air combined with XAS characterization of the oxidized samples, it was shown that the presence of Am3+ leads to a stabilization of the dioxide fluorite phase toward the formation of oxides richer in oxygen, in comparison to the U-O system. New phase diagram data were obtained in the oxygen rich region at 1470 K: tie-lines in the M4O9-M3O8 and MO2+x-M3O8 domains were determined and the solubility of americium in the M4O9 and M3O8 oxides was estimated. The investigation of the U-Am-O phase diagram continued at higher temperature with the study of the solidus/liquidus transitions using a laser-heating technique, under argon and air, and post-melting characterizations conducted by SEM and XAS. The melting temperature of Am-U dioxides decreases with the increase of both the Am/(Am+U) and O/M ratios. Finally, thermodynamic properties of the U1-yAmyO2±x oxides were measured: enthalpy increments using drop calorimetry, partial vapor pressures by Knudsen cell effusion mass spectrometry (KEMS). An excess contribution to the heat capacity at high temperature was observed and this was attributed to the reduction of the dioxides at high temperature (formation of oxygen vacancies). The KEMS results lead to determine the congruent vaporization composition at 2300 K, for a Am/(Am+U) ratio of 0.6 and an O/M ratio lower than 1.9. Finally, the CALPHAD thermodynamic assessment of the U-Am-O system was started, by focusing the attention on the modelling of the fluorite phase. A good agreement between the model and the oxygen potential data for (U0.5Am0.5O2±x) and the cation distribution was achieved. Furthermore, the model is able to satisfactorily reproduce the KEMS data and hence the equilibrium between the dioxide and gas phase. For the perspectives of this work, the optimization of the thermodynamic model should be extended to describe the phase equilibria involving the M4O9, M3O8 oxides and the liquid phase
Persson, Daniel. "Termodynamisk utvärdering av borstål." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-248151.
Full textWhen studying the production of different materials, the introduction of alloying elements is of great importance. The material properties of steels can be optimized through control of the different chemical reactions taking place in the production process. For different steel alloys, alloying with the element boron has shown an increased hardenability for the end products. One problem with boron is that it shows high affinity to several other elements. This can lead to boron forming different chemical compounds that are not desired and thus losing the contribution of boron to the hardenability effect. With the help of thermodynamic calculation models, such as the CALPHAD-method, it is now possible to calculate different kinds of thermodynamic descriptions for chemical compounds. These descriptions can be used in databases for future calculations. By making evaluations of thermodynamic systems of lower degrees, for example a binary system, one could perform more complex calculations of systems involving many elements and compounds. The database used in this project lacked an updated thermodynamic description of selected boron carbides. The purpose of this Master’s Thesis was to perform a thermodynamic evaluation of steel alloyed with small amounts of boron. Using the updated descriptions, the database was updated with the latest thermodynamic information regarding the chemical compounds of Fe3(C,B) and Fe23(C,B)6.A thermodynamic evaluation has been performed using the software Thermo-Calc for the boron carbides Fe3(C,B) and Fe23(C,B)6 in the ternary system Fe-B-C. These new descriptions were implemented in the database and through calculations validated against published articles and journals. The results from the calculations were shown to be satisfactory when comparing to other published results.
Tosin, Paese Lucas. "Investigation of Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries by Thermodynamic Modelling." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF002.
Full textLithium-ion batteries commonly use NMCs as positive electrodes, which contain nickel, manganese, and cobalt as transition metals, within the chemical system Li(Ni,Mn,Co)O₂—(Ni,Mn,Co)O₂. As we strive to increased capacity and eco-friendly energy technology, major efforts are made to reduce cobalt content while ensuring the battery's integrity and performance. Our goal is to develop a thermodynamic model for this system using the CALPHAD approach. This model will enable the investigation of optimal NMC compositions that balance performance and stability.To accomplish this, we carry an extensive literature review to gather data as input for the thermodynamic model. Our search focuses initially on the three NMC subsystems: LiCoO₂—CoO₂, LiNiO₂—NiO₂, and LiMnO₂—MnO₂, followed by their binary and ternary combinations. To overcome the lack of data and improve the thermodynamic description of the NMCs, Density Functional Theory calculations are carried out to compute the heat capacity and enthalpy of formation of the three lithiated end-members. These calculations are compared with our measurements by dissolution drop calorimetry and DSC) on LiNiO₂. Additionally, we investigate the phase stability of LiNiO₂ using high-temperature X-ray diffraction and the heat capacity of NMC622 is also measured by DSC.The new experimental and DFT data obtained are used to build a thermodynamic model which constitutes the first CALPHAD database for the full NMC chemical system. The model faithfully reproduces the properties of NMCs such as open-circuit voltage and enthalpy of formation, and is a good tool for screening the composition of NMC and identifying promising compositions for battery application
Gu, Xiaoting. "THE SOLUBILITIES OF CARBON AND NITROGEN IN IRON, NICKEL AND TITANIUM-BASED ALLOYS UNDER PARAEQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1196354589.
Full textTiwari, Vaishnvi. "A consistent approach for coupling lumped-parameter and phase-field models for in-vessel corium to thermodynamic databases." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX087.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis is focused on ensuring a thermodynamically consistent representation of in-vessel corium (a high temperature mixture of molten reactor core and structural materials, described as a U-O-Zr-steel system) in the coupled thermohydraulic-thermochemical models that are used for performing Severe Accident (SA) analysis of nuclear Light Water Reactors (LWRs); in particular, the In-Vessel Melt Retention (IVMR) Strategy. In this context, the use of a thermodynamic database obtained by the CALPHAD method seems relevant by providing closures and inputs to the thermohydraulic and thermochemical models respectively. These databases consist of models for Gibbs energy functions of the possible phases for a system that can be used to obtain the equilibrium thermodynamic description for the system as well as material thermodynamic properties for out-of-equilibrium conditions.Through this work, a systematic approach for ensuring extensive utilization of CALPHAD data in the coupled models has been developed, and the associated questions have been answered for ‘mock-up’ macroscopic and mesoscopic models developed for describing some of the phenomena pertaining to in-vessel corium behaviour.As a first step, the feasibility of using CALPHAD based closures (in the form of enthalpy-temperature relations and local equilibrium conditions) has been tested on the macroscopic model developed using the lumped parameter approach. Considering the ternary U-O-Zr system, this model describes the plane front solidification process at the boundary of a molten corium pool. The second part of the work is focused on the development of a general formulation for diffuse interface models under the phase-field approach, which can be used to simulate the kinetics of various thermochemical processes under non-isothermal conditions such as solidification and phase segregation. The questions related to the thermodynamic consistency of the model as well as its parameterization (in particular with respect to the up-scaling of the interface thickness) have been addressed and the numerical results have been discussed for binary U-Zr and U-O systems under isothermal conditions
Huser, Gautier. "Etude et sélection d’alliages à composition complexe sans cobalt à finalité tribologique." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST051.
Full textCurrently, attempts are made to develop hardfacing cobalt-free alloys for coating the contact areas of moving parts of nuclear installations. In fact, under neutron flux, cobalt 59 is activated into cobalt 60, a highly radioactive isotope. Consequently, the coating debris generated by friction are likely to contaminate parts of the installation. Existing cobalt-free hardfacing alloys, nickel or iron bases, do not exhibit tribological properties competing with those of stellite®, a commonly used hardfacing cobalt base alloy. HEA (High Entropy Alloy) and CCA (Complex Concentration Alloy) may be good candidates. Indeed, compare to conventional alloys, they show vast composition domain giving access to a large range of properties. After an initial selection of elements, the phases of selected alloys were calculated by CALPHAD software (CALculation of PHAse Diagram). The compositions favoring the presence of hard intermetallic phases beneficial to tribological behavior were selected. Then several alloys were fabricated using different processes. From microstructural and tribological characterizations, one composition has been selected as the best potential cobalt-free hardfacing alloy candidate. Coatings of this composition were then fabricated by DLD (Direct Laser Deposition) and HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing). Their microstructure and tribological behavior were measured and compared to those of stellite ®
Kumpati, Joshva. "Thermodynamic Modelling and Experimental Investigation of Tungsten Partitioning in Nickel Based Alloys." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235643.
Full textThermo-Calc Software AB utvecklar termodynamiska och kinetiska databaser av hög kvalitet för att korrekt kunna förutsäga och simulera jämvikter och fasomvandlingar i komplexa flerkomponentsystem. Ett problem med deras databas för Ni-baslegeringar och superlegeringar (TCNI8) är att beskrivning av volframpartitionering stämmer dåligt för nickelbaslegeringar. I detta arbete undersöktes den termodynamiska beskrivningen av vissa lägre system, dvs Ni-W, Al-Ni-W och Cr-Ni-W genom att utföra nyckelförsök på tre binära Ni-W-legeringar och två ternära legeringar (Al-Ni-W och Cr-Ni-W). Experimentvid fyra temperaturer utfördes i vilka legeringarna homogeniserades,jämviktsbehandlades, släcktes och undersöktes för att bestämma sammansättning för jämvikt fast fas/smälta. De erhållna experimentella resultaten användes för att validera den termodynamiska beskrivningen av smältan och fcc-fasen. Till skillnad från ternära Al-Ni-W ochCr-Ni-W, reproducerade den experimentella informationen den binära Ni-W-beskrivningen tillfredsställande. Ternära parametrar för fcc justerades efter de experimentella resultaten från detta arbete. Resultaten visar att de ternära parametrarna för fcc i Al-Ni-W och Cr-Ni-W systemen signifikant påverkar volframs fördelning mellan fast fas och smälta i nickelbaslegeringar.
Schorne, Pinto Juliano. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation thermodynamique de systèmes de delafossites à base de cuivre." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0006.
Full textThis multidisciplinary thesis work was dedicated to the study of CuMO2 phases with M = {Cr and Fe} of the delafossite structural family. With the main aim of broadening knowledge and filling the gaps around the thermodynamic properties of this type of phase, an in-depth experimental study of the Cu-Fe-O and Cu-Cr-O systems was carried out. The main results obtained are: a) for the first time, a cationic non-stoichiometry for the delafossite phase of the CuFe1-yO2- type with y 0.12 has been found, b) the coordinates of the eutectic point of the Cu-Fe-O system in air were measured at 1049(3) °C for a composition x(Fe) = 0.105, c) the CuFeO2 phase is stable between 1022(2) ° C and 1070(2) ° C in air, d) an absence of solid solution with a delafossite structure CuCrO2 was observed for x (Cr) < 0.50, e) a slight solubility of chromium in CuCrO2 with a maximum value of x (Cr) = 0.524(8) was measured in this phase, f) the spinel phase CuCr2O4 was defined as stoichiometric by the invariance of the structural parameters and the chemical composition, at last g) the thermodynamic properties of the delafossite phase CuCrO2 were determined for the first time, with the selected values for this phase being: fH298(CuCrO2) = 670 800 ± 1400 J / mol, S°298(CuCrO2) = 88.89 J/mol and cp = 102.564 2.872.10-73 128 5421.5 between [298 <1300]. These results were coupled with those from the bibliography for the construction of a generic thermodynamic model describing the properties of the delafossite, liquid, and spinel phases in the quaternary Cu-Cr-Fe-O subsystems. The liquid phase was modeled by the Modified Quasichemical Model ((Cu1+,Cu2+,Cr1+,Cr2+,Cr3+,Fe1+,Fe2+,Fe3+)(O2-,Va1-)) and the binaries Cu-O and Cr-O were re-evaluated . A simplified description of the delafossite solid solution by the Compound Energy Formalism model has been proposed according to (Cu1+,Cu2+)1 [Cr3+,Fe3+,Cu2+]1 O2 (Va0,O2-)1. Finally, the Cu-Fe-O and Cu-Cr-O ternary systems have been modeled by the Calphad method with good experimental agreement. A projection for the Cu-Cr-Fe-O quaternary system has even been proposed
Benlaharche, Tewfik. "Étude et modélisation thermodynamique du système Mo-Pt-Si." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10036/document.
Full textThe study on the Mo-Pt-Si system contributes to the knowledge of complex metal alloy, which are intended for applications at high temperatures in the aerospace or glass industries. Its thermodynamic description is difficult because its refractory character related to the presence of the molybdenum and to its complexity due to the high number of the constituents (3 elements). Only an approach of problem by a modelling thermodynamics of CALPHAD type gives to a significant result. As imposes the establishment of a modelling of a ternary system by the study of three binary borders, the first part of this work was devoted to the study of Pt-Si, Mo-Pt and Mo-Si systems. Along with the optimization, an experimental measurements used in this study (X-ray, thermal analysis, microprobe,….) allowed to determine the equilibria phases, the enthalpies of formation of the various intermetallic compounds as well as the structural mechanisms responsible for large domains of stability observed for some phases. The first approach of the Mo-Pt-Si ternary system obtained from the database including the binary optimisations, allowed to interpret the experiments of controls of equilibria phases in isotherm and anisotherm conditions. A new ternary silicide was discovered and took into account in calculation. Finally, through many examples we show the agreement of the modelling with all experimental data
Lee, Chihoon. "Phase Transformations Accompanying Low-Temperature Carburization of Martensitic Stainless Steels under Paraequilibrium Conditions." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1325878014.
Full textOSTROWSKA, MARLENA. "Thermodynamic modelling and experimental validation of High Entropy Alloys containing Al, Co, Cr, Fe, Mo, Ni, Ta and W for high-temperature applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1046937.
Full textOrveillon-Dubajic, Glenn. "Verres métalliques : conception, synthèse et caractérisation des propriétés magnétiques et de transport." Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13566.
Full textOn one hand, this work deals with development and the characterisation of metallic glasses dedicated to magnetocaloric cooling or thermoelectric applications. These alloys have been designed and elaborated taking on board both application's criteria and criteria liked to the glass forming ability. On the other hand, this work has demonstrated that glass forming ability and glass forming range can be quite well predicted using thermodynamical data to evaluate the kinetics of crystallisation
Jourdan, Julien. "Étude expérimentale et thermodynamique des systèmes erbium-oxygène-zirconium et gadolinium-oxygène-zirconium." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00476742.
Full textBratberg, Johan. "Phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of high-alloy tool steels : theoretical and experimental approach." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-453.
Full textGirod-Labianca, Caroline. "Modélisation thermodynamique des diagrammes de phases des clinkers de ciments Portland : étude de l'influence des éléments mineurs : cas du phosphore." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066158.
Full textBadran, Mohamad. "Contribution au développement d'une Nouvelle Approche du Compound Energy Formalism (NACEF)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0109.
Full textIn a current context of reducing energy consumption, it is necessary in many industrial fields to develop new materials such as multi-compound metal alloys. Their characterization in a purely experimental way quickly becomes impossible to realize, digital simulation tools become unavoidable. As such, the CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagram) approach is the most appropriate numerical tool for thermodynamic processing of multi-constituent systems. This is a semi-empirical method for describing the Gibbs energies of the phases of a system by mathematical functions by adjusting certain parameters from a set of information relating to the equilibrium phase or the thermodynamic and structural properties. Based on the sublattice model, Compound Energy Formalism (CEF) is widely used in CALPHAD modeling to describe Gibbs energy of phases that have multiple sublattices. The work presented in this dissertation is a contribution to the development of a New Approach to Compound Energy Formalism (NACEF) that aims to increase its potential. In this thesis, the new NACEF approach is presented in the case of multi-subnet binary phases with anti-site defects. We applied NACEF in the modeling of 2 binary systems in order to demonstrate its potential and in particular its ability to make model simplifications compatible. This is the Fe-Nb system in which the Laves C14 phase has been described by the 3-sublattice model and the Co-Cr system where the σ phase has been modeled with 5 sublattices. In the last chapter, we propose an extrapolation method based on NACEF which allows to obtain an estimate of the energies of the ordered configurations of a multi-constituted phase from those of the binary configurations. The results obtained on many systems in the case of the C14 and σ phases indicate a strong correlation between the extrapolated values and those obtained by DFT
Brunel, Alan. "Propriétés thermodynamiques et thermophysiques des liquides à haute température : applications aux combustibles nucléaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS426.
Full textDuring a severe accident involving the meltdown of the core of a pressurized water nuclear reactor, the nuclear fuel will react with the zircalloy cladding around it and the structural materials of the core to make a high temperature magma called corium. Depending on its composition and its temperature, the corium can stratify because of two non-miscible metallic and oxidic liquids. For some stratification configurations, the heat flow can focus on the vessel’s wall, threatening its integrity with a corium flowing outside of it. The aim of this thesis is to collect thermodynamic and thermophysic data on a prototypical corium, the U-Zr-Fe-O system. The thermodynamic data collected in this thesis are related to the definition of the liquid miscibility gap and the compositions of the liquids in the U-Zr-Fe-O system and its sub-systems, depending on the composition and the temperature. Compositions of interest were selected after performing thermodynamic calculation by the CALPHAD method with the TAF-ID V13 database. The corresponding samples underwent heat treatments and post-treatment analyses to measure the compositions of the liquids and to compare them to thermodynamic calculations. An iron rich liquid miscibility gap and a zirconium rich one were highlighted in the Fe-Zr-O system. Although calculations were in agreement with data from the first miscibility gap at 1990 °C, measurements in the zirconium rich miscibility gap at 2420 °C and 2650 °C reveal an underestimation of the zirconium quantity in the metallic liquid and its overestimation in the oxidic liquid by the model. Studies on the UO2-Zr-Fe system at 2423 °C show that the liquid miscibility gap definition and the compositions of the liquids depend on the quantity of iron in the system, the U/Zr ratio and corium oxidation degree. Furthermore, the zirconium molar fraction is underestimated by the model in the metallic liquid to the benefit of iron, and is overestimated in the oxidic liquid. Finally, the oxygen solubility in the metallic liquid is underestimated by the model. Thermophysic data were collected thanks to the improvement of the ATTILHA experimental setup, allowing the study of oxygen sensitive or radioactive liquids at high temperature by using a laser heating. Experimental values on liquidus and eutectic transformation temperatures of the oxygen-rich domain of the Zr-O system were acquired with this setup. Furthermore, the development of the aerodynamic levitation allows us the investigation liquids’densities for the Zr-Fe2O3 and the Zr-UO2 systems between 1884 °C and 2268 °C for different zirconium molar fractions. Densities of liquids from the Zr-Fe2O3 system were used to refine surface tension values acquired on the VITI-MBP setup at CEA Cadarache. These values confirmed the surfacting properties of the oxygen on these liquids. The experimental data collected during this thesis will be used to feed the databases and to improve the forecast of the corium’s behavior during a severe accident
Lindwall, Greta. "Multicomponent diffusional reactions in tool steels : Experiment and Theory." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Termodynamisk modellering, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103328.
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Ricciardi, Denielle E. "Uncertainty Quantification and Propagation in Materials Modeling Using a Bayesian Inferential Framework." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587473424147276.
Full textCui, Jinjiang. "Approche thermodynamique des interactions chimiques dans les systèmes Zr-Cr-O et U-Cr-O à hautes températures pour l'évaluation des combustibles ATF (Accident Tolerant Fuel) en conditions accidentelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR045.
Full textThe development of Accident Tolerant Fuel (ATF) materials is one way to improve the safety of light water reactors. Cr-coated zirconium alloy (M5) and UO2 fuel doped with Cr2O3 chromium oxide are among the most promising short-term solutions. This thesis aimed to perform an experimental study of the phase relations, of thermodynamic properties of the Zr-Cr-O and U-Cr-O ternary systems, and on this experimental basis, to develop thermodynamic modeling of these systems which could help to assess the behavior of these new concepts, in particular at a high temperature which prevail in severe accident conditions.For the Zr-Cr binary system, experiments were firstly devoted to determine with accuracy the invariant transformation (eutectics and eutectoid); the ZrCr2 Laves phase was carefully investigated. The enthalpy of formation of this phase was measured by drop solution calorimetry. The specific heat capacity was measured in a wide temperature interval (1.8K to 1063K). A CALPHAD modeling of the system taking into account the obtained experimental data and DFT simulations was performed.For the Zr-Cr-O ternary system, the isothermal sections at 1473K and 1773K were obtained. A method to prepare Zr3Cr3O samples with high purity was developed. The crystal structure, enthalpy of formation and specific heat capacity of Zr3Cr3O were measured. A CALPHAD assessment was made by combining these new results and the modeling of Zr-O and Cr-O systems already present in the NUCLEA database.A CALPHAD modeling of the U-Cr binary system was realized with our new measurements and published data in the literature. Some preliminary results were obtained for the U-Cr-O ternary system at 1273K. UCrO4 samples were prepared with high purity and its heat capacity at low temperatures was measured as well as its Néel temperature.All these results would benefit the thermodynamic NUCLEA database of IRSN developed for severe accident applications