Journal articles: 'Calprotectina fecal'

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Vallejos Rocabado, Ana Mabel. "Calprotectina fecal para diagnóstico de patología orgánica de colon." Gaceta Medica Boliviana 41, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47993/gmb.v41i2.128.

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Objetivo: determinar la sensibilidad y especificidad de la calprotectina fecal (CPF) y la prueba de sangre oculta en heces (SOH) para el diagnóstico de patología orgánica de colon. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional que, incluyó de manera intencionada, 246 pacientes de ambos sexos atendidos en el Instituto Gastroenterológico Boliviano Japonés de Cochabamba, por dolor abdominal, diarrea crónica y pérdida de peso. Se les realizó laboratorios de calprotectina fecal y sangre oculta en heces, además de colonoscopia como estudio de control. Resultados: se determinó que la calprotectina fecal tiene una sensibilidad de 86 %, y especificidad de 98 %, con una asociación de 0,54 y relación de 0,75 según los coeficientes de Pearson y Spearman respectivamente, en relación con la colonoscopía y el diagnóstico de patología orgánica de colon. La prueba de sangre oculta en heces presentó una sensibilidad de 79 % pero una especificidad de 58%, la asociación y relación con el estudio de control fue mínima: 0,21 y 0,22 según los coeficientes de Pearson y Spearman. Conclusiones: los resultados muestran que la calprotectina fecal presenta alta sensibilidad y especificidad para el diagnóstico de patología orgánica de colon. Los valores más altos se relacionaron con mayor lesión en la mucosa colónica.

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Martinón Torres, N., V. Crujeiras Martínez, R. Saborido Fiaño, and M. R. Leis Trabazo. "Calprotectina fecal en el pólipo juvenil colorrectal." Anales de Pediatría 82, no. 5 (May 2015): e250-e251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2014.09.003.

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Mosquera Hallo, Diego Rafael, Javier Rosero Caiza, Luis Fernando Samaniego Pineda, and Esteban Montoya Gil. "Calprotectina fecal como marcador para enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal." RECIMUNDO 4, no. 4 (October 15, 2020): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26820/recimundo/4.(4).octubre.2020.152-160.

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La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) y el síndrome del intestino irritable comparten muchos síntomas. Si bien el síndrome del intestino irritable es un trastorno funcional del intestino para el que no se dispone de un tratamiento específico, la gama de terapias eficaces para la EII está evolucionando rápidamente. Por lo tanto, es esencial un diagnóstico preciso de la EII. La evaluación clínica, junto con diversas modalidades de imagen y endoscopia, ha sido el pilar del diagnóstico durante muchos años. En la última década han aparecido biomarcadores fecales de inflamación gastrointestinal, de los cuales la calprotectina, una proteína citosólica de los neutrófilos, ha sido la más estudiada. La enfermedad de Crohn y la colitis ulcerosa son enfermedades crónicas remitentes y reincidente, y es importante la evaluación objetiva de la actividad de la enfermedad y la respuesta al tratamiento. Esta revisión se centra en el uso de mediciones de calprotectina fecal en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de pacientes con EII con el fin de abordar el tema y brindar información de interés para futuras investigaciones.

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Rodríguez-Moranta, Francisco, Triana Lobatón, Lorena Rodríguez-Alonso, and Jordi Guardiola. "Calprotectina fecal en el diagnóstico de enfermedades inflamatorias." Gastroenterología y Hepatología 36, no. 6 (June 2013): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gastrohep.2012.10.008.

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Vásquez, Harold, and Howard Vásquez. "Determinantes de la probabilidad de padecer enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales." Ciencia, Economía y Negocios 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 157–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22206/ceyn.2017.v1i1.pp157-185.

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En base a un universo de 116 pacientes, realizamos un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal y de recolección de datos prospectivo con el fin de determinar la eficacia de la calprotectina fecal en pacientes conocidos y con alta sospecha de enfermedad inflamatoria del intestino. A diferencia de estudios anteriores, utilizamos una serie de modelos econométricos para estimar la probabilidad de que un paciente padezca Colitis Ulcerativa o Enfermedad del Crohn (CU-EC) dado el nivel de calprotectina detectado en las heces fecales. Los resultados indican que esta probabilidad puede diferir en magnitudes significativas dependiendo del sexo, la edad y los hábitos de consumo del paciente. Por ejemplo, en el caso de los hombres, la probabilidad de padecer CU-EC es significativamente mayor que para las mujeres, incluso en niveles bajos de calprotectina fecal. Además, la razón de probabilidades de padecer CU-EC aumenta hasta que el paciente alcanza los 37 años, edad en que la probabilidad de contraer una enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal comienza a reducirse paulatinamente. Finalmente, la probabilidad de que un paciente padezca CUEC es mayor para las personas que declaran ser fumadoras de tabaco, a pesar de que este último resultado no aparenta ser significativo en términos estadísticos.

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del Valle García Sánchez, María, Raúl González, Eva Iglesias Flores, Federico Gómez Camacho, Luis Casais Juanena, Antonio Cerezo Ruiz, Manuel Montero Pérez-Barquero, Jordi Muntané, and Juan Francisco de Dios Vega. "Precisión diagnóstica de la calprotectina fecal para predecir una colonoscopia patológica." Medicina Clínica 127, no. 2 (June 2006): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13090002.

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Lozoya Angulo, Maria Elena, Ignacio de las Heras Gómez, Miriam Martinez Villanueva, Jose Antonio Noguera Velasco, and Francisco Avilés Plaza. "Calprotectina fecal, marcador eficaz en la diferenciación de enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales y trastornos funcionales gastrointestinales." Gastroenterología y Hepatología 40, no. 3 (March 2017): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gastrohep.2016.04.009.

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Bermejo, Fernando, Alicia Algaba, Daniel Bonillo, Laura Jiménez, Antonio Guardiola-Arévalo, María Pacheco, Ángel Castaño, and Iván Guerra. "Limitaciones de la determinación de calprotectina fecal en pacientes con colitis ulcerosa y pólipos inflamatorios." Gastroenterología y Hepatología 43, no. 2 (February 2020): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gastrohep.2019.08.003.

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García Sánchez, V., E. Iglesias Flores, R. González Ojeda, F. Gómez Camacho, J. P. Gisbert, J. M. Ángel Rey, A. Naranjo Rodríguez, J. Muntané Relat, and J. F. de Dios Vega. "LA CALPROTECTINA FECAL, ¿PREDICE LA RECIDIVA DE LOS PACIENTES CON ENFERMEDAD DE CROHN Y COLITIS ULCEROSA?" Gastroenterología y Hepatología 32, no. 3 (March 2009): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gastrohep.2009.01.087.

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Moreno Martínez, María José, Manuel José Moreno Ramos, and Luis Francisco Linares Ferrando. "Relación de calprotectina fecal y anti saccharomyces antisacaromices con otros marcadores de actividad en pacientes con espondiloartritis." Reumatología Clínica 15, no. 6 (November 2019): 360–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reuma.2017.11.013.

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Mosquera-Klinger, Gabriel. "Enfermedad de Crohn y linfoma primario de intestino delgado: reporte de caso." Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterología 34, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22516/25007440.202.

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Paciente de 57 años, con cuadro clínico de casi 1 año de evolución de dolor abdominal, distensión, en estudios endoscópicos con úlceras en íleon distal de aspecto inflamatorio y estenosis en región ileocecal, con hallazgos patológicos e imagenológicos compatibles con enfermedad de Crohn estenosante de íleon distal y elevación de marcadores de inflamación incluyendo calprotectina fecal (más de 20 veces del valor normal) se dejó en tratamiento médico óptimo incluyendo esteroides, inmunomodulador y terapia biológica con antagonista de factor de necrosis tumoral (anti-TNF), experimentó buena respuesta clínica inicial, pero en el control endoscópico y de imágenes hubo evidencia de lesión de aspecto tumoral en el íleon distal, por lo que se planteó el manejo quirúrgico, con el que se confirmó una lesión neoplásica de origen hematolinfoide (linfoma) en el íleon distal. Se hace reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura.

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Gisbert, J. P., F. Bermejo, J. L. Pérez-Calle, C. Taxonera, I. Vera, A. G. McNicholl, A. Algaba, et al. "UTILIDAD DE LA CALPROTECTINA Y LACTOFERRINA FECAL EN LA PREDICCIÓN DE LA RECIDIVA DE LA ENFERMEDAD INFLAMATORIA INTESTINAL (EII)." Gastroenterología y Hepatología 32, no. 3 (March 2009): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gastrohep.2009.01.104.

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Trillo Belizón, Carlos, Eduardo Ortega Páez, Antonio F. Medina Claros, Isabel Rodríguez Sánchez, Ana Reina González, Rafael Vera Medialdea, and José Manuel Ramón Salguero. "Calprotectina fecal como apoyo al diagnóstico en la alergia a las proteínas de leche de vaca no IgE mediada." Anales de Pediatría 84, no. 6 (June 2016): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2015.07.007.

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Guisande, Maria Thereza, Maria Eduarda Lira, Luciano De Figueiredo Borges, Jarbas Sampaio Filho, Hugo Perazzo, and Pedro Tenório. "imunohistoquímica na avaliação das doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII)." Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde 26, no. 3 (January 28, 2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.17696/2318-3691.26.3.2019.1644.

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As doenças inflamatórias intestinais são desordens de etiologia idiopática cujo diagnóstico histopatológico é dado por meio de marcadores imunohistoquímicos. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar os mais recentes ensaios clínicos publicados, que se utilizaram da imunohistoquímica para a avaliação de marcadores úteis no diagnóstico, no tratamento e no acompanhamento de tais doenças. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica dos trabalhos publicados entre 2014 e 2017, presentes nas bases de dados Pubmed/medline e Cochrane Library, a partir da busca pelos descritores “Inflammatory bowel disease” AND “immunohistochemistry”. Os resultados evidenciaram que MMP-9 e calprotectina fecal são marcadores úteis para o diagnóstico das doenças inflamatórias intestinais. Além disso, as quantificações de TNF, IL-6 e Anti-TNF se mostraram úteis para o acompanhamento desses pacientes, principalmente na verificação de melhora ou piora do quadro clínico após a instituição da terapia farmacológica. Concluiu-se, então, que a imunohistoquímica é uma metodologia bastante promissora para a avaliação das DII e, por isso, mais pesquisas que visem a descobertas de outros marcadores e que contribuam para o cuidado desses pacientes devem ser estimuladas.

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González-Lama, Y. "El caso de la estandarización de la calprotectina fecal, o cómo evitar que el entusiasmo nos lleve a la confusión." Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal al Día 14, no. 1 (January 2015): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eii.2015.02.005.

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Núñez Ramos, Ruth, Francisco Avilés Plaza, David Antón Martínez, Ana Duarte Monteiro, Pedro Martínez Hernández, and Soledad Parra Pallarés. "Evaluación de la gestión en el laboratorio de gastroenterología y significación clínica de la calprotectina fecal en el contexto de éste." Revista del Laboratorio Clínico 3, no. 1 (January 2010): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labcli.2009.07.006.

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Guardiola, Jordi, Triana Lobatón, Elena Cerrillo, Rocío Ferreiro-Iglesias, Javier P. Gisbert, Eugeni Domènech, María Chaparro, Maria Esteve, and Francisco Rodríguez-Moranta. "Recomendaciones del Grupo Español de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa (GETECCU) sobre la utilidad de la determinación de calprotectina fecal en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal." Gastroenterología y Hepatología 41, no. 8 (October 2018): 514–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gastrohep.2018.05.029.

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Cangemi, John R. "Fecal Calprotectin." Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 46, no. 6 (July 2012): 440–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcg.0b013e318250e34e.

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Manoppo, Jeanette, Rizal Somali, and PITIKA ASPR. "Fecal calprotectin and its association with functional dyspepsia in children." Paediatrica Indonesiana 60, no. 2 (March 4, 2020): 71–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi60.2.2020.71-5.

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Background Calprotectin is a calcium-binding protein found normally in small amounts within the digestive tract. Fecal calprotectin measurement is used as a biomarker to identify digestive tract inflammation. Functional dyspepsia is one of the most common health issues in children, occurring in 3-27%, and accounts for considerable quality of life impairment and health care expenses. Objective To determine fecal calprotectin concentration in generally healthy children as well as to assess for a possible association between fecal calprotectin and functional dyspepsia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2019 in primary school-aged children in Manado, North Sulawesi. Subjects consisted of 38 children aged 6–12 years. Fecal calprotectin was measured in subjects’ stool specimens, and considered to be normal if fecal calprotectin concentration of < 50 μg/g. Diagnosis of functional dyspepsia was defined using the parent-filled Rome IV questionnaire form. Data were analyzed with Chi-square and Phi-coefficient correlation tests. Results Thirty-eight subjects, 22 boys and 16 girls, were grouped according to fecal calprotectin concentration (normal vs. elevated) and functional dyspepsia diagnosis. Mean fecal calprotectin concentration was 312.45 μg/g in the functional dyspepsia group and 20.89 μg/g in the healthy group. Elevated fecal calprotectin was found in 55.6% of the functional dyspepsia group and 10.3% of the healthy group. There was a positive correlation between fecal calprotectin elevation and functional dyspepsia (r=0.471; P=0.004). Conclusion Current fecal calprotectin physiological cut-off level of 50 μg/g seems valid for children aged 6–12 years. Elevated fecal calprotectin is associated with functional dyspepsia in children.

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Manoppo, Jeanette, Rizal Somali, and PITIKA ASPR. "Fecal calprotectin and its association with functional dyspepsia in children." Paediatrica Indonesiana 60, no. 2 (March 4, 2020): 72–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi60.2.2020.72-6.

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Background Calprotectin is a calcium-binding protein found normally in small amounts within the digestive tract. Fecal calprotectin measurement is used as a biomarker to identify digestive tract inflammation. Functional dyspepsia is one of the most common health issues in children, occurring in 3-27%, and accounts for considerable quality of life impairment and health care expenses. Objective To determine fecal calprotectin concentration in generally healthy children as well as to assess for a possible association between fecal calprotectin and functional dyspepsia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2019 in primary school-aged children in Manado, North Sulawesi. Subjects consisted of 38 children aged 6–12 years. Fecal calprotectin was measured in subjects’ stool specimens, and considered to be normal if fecal calprotectin concentration of < 50 μg/g. Diagnosis of functional dyspepsia was defined using the parent-filled Rome IV questionnaire form. Data were analyzed with Chi-square and Phi-coefficient correlation tests. Results Thirty-eight subjects, 22 boys and 16 girls, were grouped according to fecal calprotectin concentration (normal vs. elevated) and functional dyspepsia diagnosis. Mean fecal calprotectin concentration was 312.45 μg/g in the functional dyspepsia group and 20.89 μg/g in the healthy group. Elevated fecal calprotectin was found in 55.6% of the functional dyspepsia group and 10.3% of the healthy group. There was a positive correlation between fecal calprotectin elevation and functional dyspepsia (r=0.471; P=0.004). Conclusion Current fecal calprotectin physiological cut-off level of 50 μg/g seems valid for children aged 6–12 years. Elevated fecal calprotectin is associated with functional dyspepsia in children.

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Borza, Ioan Lucian, and Aurel Babes. "Fecal Calprotectin Dosage Value as A Diagnostic and Postoperative Marker in Diabetic Patients with Colorectal Cancer." Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjdnmd-2015-0002.

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AbstractBackground and Aims: We evaluated fecal calprotectin values in patients with colorectal neoplasms undergoing surgery, comparatively in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: We studied 40 patients operated for colorectal neoplasm, divided into two groups: one group of 20 patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and another group of 20 patients without diabetes. Results: Patients had a high percentage of preoperative calprotectin test positivity (90%, 36 patients). A total of 19 patients in group 1 and 17 patients in group 2 had a positive calprotectin test. Postoperatively at 3 months, fecal calprotectin values remained elevated in 7 patients from group 1 and 4 patients from group 2. At 6 months postoperatively, fecal calprotectin values remained elevated in 2 patients from group 1 and 1 patient from group 2. Conclusions: Calprotectin values in faeces from patients with colorectal cancer were significantly increased, with a trend towards post-operatory normalization, slower in patients with diabetes. Fecal calprotectin value as a screening marker was almost equal compared to the hemoccult test, and better compared to that of the carcinoembryonic antigen.

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Hellmann, Jennifer, Allison Ta, David Haslam, Kathleen Lake, Ramona Bezold, Kimberly Jackson, Erin Bonkowski, et al. "MICROBIAL SHIFTS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PATIENT-REPORTED SYMPTOMS IRRESPECTIVE OF MUCOSAL INFLAMMATION IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 27, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2021): S40—S41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa347.101.

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Abstract Objectives Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are characterized by an aberrant host response to intestinal microbiota causing mucosal inflammation and gastrointestinal symptoms. Patient reported outcome measures (PROs) are increasingly utilized in clinical care and research. Our study aim was to determine if fecal microbial shifts were associated with PROs in children and young adults with IBD. Methods A longitudinal prospective single center study of 93 patients tested for association between fecal microbial shifts, mucosal inflammation as measured by fecal calprotectin, and self-reported symptoms including diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and abdominal pain. For CD, abdominal pain and diarrhea determined disease activity or overall PRO. For UC, diarrhea and rectal bleeding were used. Fecal calprotectin and shotgun metagenomic sequencing were performed on all samples. Demographic and clinical characteristics (Table 1) were incorporated into a negative binomial mixed-effects model in “R” to identify differentially abundant species by PRO and fecal calprotectin. Metabolic pathways were mapped using the HUMAnN2 pipeline and compared to overall PRO, individual symptoms and fecal calprotectin level. Results In 70 CD patients with 244 stool samples, there was no association between symptoms and fecal calprotectin. In 23 UC patients with 76 stool samples, increased fecal calprotectin was associated with rectal bleeding (OR 4.93 [1.18, 20.64], p=0.03). Examination of differentially abundant species in those with self-reported active UC showed increased Klebsiella species and reduced Bacteroides. Conversely, UC patients with fecal calprotectin < 100 µg/gm had reduction in Klebsiella and increase in Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides (Figure 1). Analysis of differentially abundant species in those with abdominal pain in CD showed increase in Haemophilus and reduction in Bacteroides. No microbial shifts were identified in CD patients in association with overall PRO, diarrhea, nor with fecal calprotectin < 250 µg/gm. Metabolic pathway analysis showed no differences in those with CD. In UC patients, increases in sulfoglycolysis and ornithine biosynthesis were associated with overall PROs. Conclusions Fecal microbial shifts including decreased commensals such as Bacteroides correlate with UC patient symptoms. Increased fecal calprotectin level was associated with rectal bleeding in these patients, but not diarrhea. In CD, there was no association with fecal calprotectin and symptoms, and microbial shifts were detected in association with abdominal pain. Similarly, metabolic pathways differed relative to patient-reported symptoms in UC, but not in CD. Data suggests that microbial shifts may directly contribute to symptoms in children and young adults with IBD.

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Kamel, Y. S. "Increased Fecal Calprotectin Levels in Crohn’s Disease Correlate with Elevated Serum Th1- and Th17-Associated Cytokines." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 154, Supplement_1 (October 2020): S119—S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa161.261.

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Abstract Introduction/Objective Patient-reported symptoms and endoscopic disease activity do not correlate well in Crohn’s disease (CD). This warrants the need for reliable biomarkers to early detect active intestinal inflammation. Currently, the fecal calprotectin level is the most commonly used biomarker for inflammatory activity in CD. However, the diagnostic accuracy of the fecal calprotectin level is not fully efficacious and diagnosis may be further improved by the identification of other biomarkers for active CD. Here, we studied the association of a variety of serum disease markers with fecal calprotectin levels in CD patients. Methods 39 CD patients were included and subdivided into ‘normal’ (defined as < 200 mg/kg feces) and ‘increased’ (defined as > 200 mg/kg feces) fecal calprotectin level groups. Serum levels of 37 different cytokines, chemokines and markers for angiogenesis and vascular injury were quantified by an electrochemiluminescence multiplex assay (V- PLEX Human Biomarker 40-Plex Kit of Meso Scale Discovery ®). Correlations between individual biomarkers and the fecal calprotectin level were assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient (ρ). Results A highly significant positive correlation was observed between the pro-inflammatory serum cytokines IFN-γ and CRP and fecal calprotectin levels (P < 0.01). Moreover, fecal calprotectin levels showed a significant positive correlation with IL-6, TNF-β, SAA and IL-17A (P < 0.05). Conclusion We show that a positive correlation exists between multiple serum Th1- and Th17-associated cytokines and the fecal calprotectin level. These cytokines and CRP may serve as additional biomarkers for determining disease activity and evaluating treatment response in CD. Ultimately, this may result in more efficient treatment of active disease in CD patients and prevention of complications.

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Kristensen, Vendel, Arne Røseth, Tahir Ahmad, Viggo Skar, and Bjørn Moum. "Fecal Calprotectin: A Reliable Predictor of Mucosal Healing after Treatment for Active Ulcerative Colitis." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2098293.

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Objectives. Mucosal healing has become the new goal of treatment in ulcerative colitis. Fecal calprotectin has been demonstrated to differentiate between mucosal inflammation and mucosal healing. With this project, we investigated whether a reduction in f-calprotectin to <250 μg/g after medical treatment for active ulcerative colitis could predict mucosal healing. Material and Methods. After a baseline colonoscopy, 20 patients with active ulcerative colitis were followed with consecutive fecal calprotectin monthly until two measurements of fecal calprotectin < 250 μg/g or a maximum follow-up of 12 months. A flexible sigmoidoscopy was then performed and Mayo endoscopic subscore was used to evaluate degree of inflammation. Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index was used for evaluation of clinical disease activity. Results. A total of 16 patients achieved fecal calprotectin < 250 μg/g during follow-up, and all 16 patients had endoscopic mucosal healing (Mayo endoscopic subscore of ≤1) on the second endoscopy. The remaining four patients had persistently high f-calprotectin levels before the second endoscopy with Mayo endoscopic subscore corresponding to endoscopic mucosal healing in three out of four patients. Conclusions. Fecal calprotectin <250 μg/g after medical treatment for active ulcerative colitis is a reliable marker of endoscopic mucosal healing.

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Greenup, Astrid-Jane, Greg Rosenfeld, and Yvette Leung. "Fecal Calprotectin in Pregnancy." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 23, no. 10 (October 2017): E49—E50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mib.0000000000001241.

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Popiel, Kristin Y., Romina Gheorghe, Jennifer Eastmond, and Mark A. Miller. "Usefulness of Adjunctive Fecal Calprotectin and Serum Procalcitonin in Individuals Positive for Clostridium difficile Toxin Gene by PCR Assay." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 11 (September 9, 2015): 3667–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02230-15.

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In 54/64 subjects with nosocomial diarrhea, fecal calprotectin levels correlated with the results of stool samples tested forClostridium difficiletoxin gene by PCR. Fecal calprotectin levels can be used as an adjunctive measure to PCR to support the diagnosis ofC. difficileinfection.

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Voiosu, T., Andreea Benguş, P. Bălănescu, Roxana Dinu, A. Voiosu, C. Băicuş, and B. Mateescu. "Rapid fecal calprotectin testing predicts mucosal healing better than C-reactive protein and serum tumor necrosis factor α in patients with ulcerative colitis." Romanian Journal Of Internal Medicine 53, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjim-2015-0033.

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AbstractBackground and Aims. Serum and fecal biomarkers have been used as noninvasive methods for assessing disease activity in ulcerative colitis. C-reactive protein, serum tumor necrosis factor-α and fecal calprotectin are among the most promising such biomarkers. However, their role in the management of ulcerative colitis patients remains to be clarified. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of C-reactive protein, fecal calprotectin and tumor necrosis factor-α in detecting clinical and endoscopic activity and predicting disease outcome.Methods. A cohort of ulcerative colitis patients was prospectively evaluated for clinical and endoscopic disease activity using the Mayo score. Serum C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were measured and a point-of-care method was used for determining Calprotectin levels.Results. Fifty-three patients with ulcerative colitis were followed for a median of 12 months. Fecal calprotectin and C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in patients with clinically active disease at baseline, but only calprotectin levels correlated with endoscopic activity. Calprotectin values over 300 μg/g had 60% sensitivity and 90% specificity for detecting active endoscopic disease and 61% sensitivity and 89% specificity for predicting mucosal healing.Conclusion. Rapid calprotectin testing is a better predictor of mucosal healing than serum biomarkers and it could improve the management of ulcerative colitis patients by decreasing the need for invasive investigations.

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Trasolini, R., S. Wong, and B. Salh. "A20 DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF A LOW COST, WIDELY AVAILABLE TEST STRIP FOR PREDICTING A POSITIVE FECAL CALPROTECTIN TEST." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 4, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2021): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwab002.019.

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Abstract Background Fecal calprotectin is a non-invasive test of colonic inflammation used for monitoring inflammatory bowel disease activity and for risk stratifying non-specific colonic symptoms. Calprotectin is a leukocyte specific enzyme. A similar test, leukocyte esterase is used to detect leukocytes in urine and is widely available as a low-cost point-of-care test strip. We hypothesize that an unmodified version of the urine test strip would be highly accurate in predicting a positive fecal calprotectin test in a real world sample of patients. Aims To explore a low cost, rapid alternative to the fecal calprotectin test Methods All inpatient and outpatient stool samples tested for calprotectin by the Vancouver General Hospital laboratory from February 2020 to November 2020 were included prospectively. Samples were simultaneously tested for fecal leukocyte esterase using an unmodified Roche Cobas Chemstrip urinalysis test strip by central lab personnel. An identical aliquot was sent to LifeLabs for calprotectin as per standard protocol. All samples were suspended in buffer using established laboratory protocols prior to testing. Fecal leukocyte esterase results were reported as 0–4+ based on visual interpretation, calprotectin results were reported as mcg/g of stool. REB review and approval was obtained prior to data collection. Sensitivity, Specificity and AUROC were calculated using Microsoft Excel and JROCFIT. Results 26 samples were collected. Using a fecal calprotectin greater than 120 mcg/g as a gold standard an AUROC of 0.89 (SE= .06) was calculated. A leukocyte esterase reading of 2+ or greater had the best test characteristics based on ROC curve analysis. Using this cutoff, 21/26 samples were concordant, giving an accuracy of 80.8%, sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 73.3%. Positive likelihood ratio was 8.07 and negative likelihood ratio was 0.29. Assuming an AUROC of 0.8, the sample size N=26 is 90% powered (β=0.9) to predict the true AUROC within 0.1 with a type I error rate of .05 (α<.05). Conclusions This study suggests application of a prepared stool sample to a urinalysis test strip gives a result highly predictive of a positive fecal calprotectin test. Further results are being collected prospectively to improve the robustness of these preliminary data. Secondary outcomes including comparison to endoscopy and biopsy results where available are planned if an adequate sample size can be accrued. Future studies justifying independent clinical use of leukocyte esterase would require a common gold standard comparator such as endoscopy. Fecal calprotectin testing is not universally insured and is not available as a rapid test strip. Use of fecal leukocyte esterase may reduce costs and shorten time to results if proven to be independently reliable. Funding Agencies None

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KOTZE, Lorete Maria da Silva, Renato Mitsunori NISIHARA, Sandra Beatriz MARION, Murilo Franco CAVASSANI, and Paulo Gustavo KOTZE. "FECAL CALPROTECTIN: levels for the ethiological diagnosis in Brazilian patients with gastrointestinal symptoms." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 52, no. 1 (March 2015): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032015000100011.

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Background Determination of fecal calprotectin can provide an important guidance for the physician, also in primary care, in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders, meanly between inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome. Objectives The aims of the present study were to prospectively investigate, in Brazilian adults with gastrointestinal complaints, the value of fecal calprotectin as a biomarker for the differential diagnosis between functional and organic disorders and to correlate the concentrations with the activity of inflammatory bowel diseases. Methods The study included consecutive patients who had gastrointestinal complaints in which the measurement levels of fecal calprotectin were recommended. Fecal calprotectin was measured using a Bühlmann (Basel, Switzerland) ELISA kit Results A total of 279 patients were included in the study, with median age of 39 years (range, 18 to 78 years). After clinical and laboratorial evaluation and considering the final diagnosis, patients were allocated into the following groups: a) Irritable Bowel Syndrome: 154 patients (102 female and 52 male subjects). b) Inflammatory Bowel Diseases group: 112 patients; 73 with Crohn’s disease; 38 female and 35 male patients; 52.1% (38/73) presented active disease, and 47.9% (35/73) had disease in remission and 39 patients with ulcerative colitis;19 female and 20 male patients; 48.7% (19/39) classified with active disease and 49.3% (20/39) with disease in remission. A significant difference (P<0.001) was observed between the median value of fecal calprotectin in Irritable Bowel Syndrome group that was 50.5 µg/g (IQR=16 - 294 µg/g); 405 µg/g (IQR=29 - 1980 µg/g) in Crohn’s disease patients and 457 µg/g (IQR=25 - 1430 µg/g) in ulcerative colitis patients. No difference was observed between the values found in the patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Levels of fecal calprotectin were significantly lower in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases in remission when compared with active disease (P<0.001). Conclusions The present study showed that the determination of fecal calprotectin assists to differentiate between active and inactive inflammatory bowel diseases and between inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome.

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Yusuf, A., P. Tandon, and V. Huang. "A162 THE UTILITY OF FECAL CALPROTECTIN IN PREDICTING SEVERITY OF CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 3, Supplement_1 (February 2020): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwz047.161.

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Abstract Background Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, spore-forming, gram-positive bacillus, and a leading cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. It is associated with high mortality and morbidity, and places an enormous burden on the healthcare system. Symptoms and severity of CDI vary widely, from illness that resolves with antibiotics, to toxic megacolon, colectomy, and death. The ability to risk-stratify patients to predict severe versus non-severe outcomes at baseline would be clinically useful. The role of fecal calprotectin in predicting severity of CDI has not been well established. Aims To perform a systematic review of the literature on the ability of fecal calprotectin to predict disease severity in patients with CDI. Methods PubMed, OVID (EMBASE/MedLine) and Cochrane Library databases were searched up until October 2, 2019. Publications of pediatric populations, Inflammatory Bowel diseases, and those only published as abstracts were excluded. Results 130 non-duplicate citations were screened; after title/abstract screening, and full-text review, 7 articles were included for analysis. Articles were from 2014 onwards, and varied from 29 to 232 patients/samples analyzed; 832 patients in total were analyzed. Three studies were conducted in the USA, two in Europe, one in Israel and in South Korea. Four studies were prospective, and the remaining three were retrospective cohort studies. There was significant heterogeneity between studies with respect to population size, age (when reported), fecal calprotectin assay and cutoff used, method of diagnosis of CDI, and criteria for defining disease severity. There was wide variation in median fecal calprotectin levels between studies. Four studies demonstrated a statistically significant difference of fecal calprotectin according to disease severity, and three did not, of which two of these demonstrated an overall predictive trend with fecal calprotectin. Conclusions It is unclear whether fecal calprotectin is predictive of severity of CDI in adult patients without IBD. In the existing literature, there seems to be a statistically significant association or trend towards association in most studies, but due to heterogeneity of methods, assays, cutoffs and populations, the data within these studies cannot be pooled in meta-analysis. Further high-powered, well-designed studies are required to clarify this important clinical question. Funding Agencies None

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Oord, Tonje, and Nete Hornung. "Fecal calprotectin in healthy children." Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 74, no. 3 (February 25, 2014): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2013.879732.

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Desbène, Cédric, Olivier Gaillard, and Nathalie Kapel. "Immunoanalytical characteristics of fecal calprotectin." Annales de biologie clinique 74, no. 6 (November 2016): 725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/abc.2016.1195.

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Capone, Pietro. "Fecal calprotectin in coeliac disease." World Journal of Gastroenterology 20, no. 2 (2014): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i2.611.

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Tøn, Hege, Øystein Brandsnes, Siri Dale, Jostein Holtlund, Eugenia Skuibina, Henning Schjønsby, and Berit Johne. "Improved assay for fecal calprotectin." Clinica Chimica Acta 292, no. 1-2 (February 2000): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-8981(99)00206-5.

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Karkelis, SAV, OUR Papadaki, MAR Lykogeorgou, LOU Lianou, and GEO Chrousos. "Fecal Calprotectin in Autistic Children." Paediatrics & Child Health 15, suppl_A (May 1, 2010): 66A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/15.suppl_a.66aa.

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Ricciuto, Amanda, and Anne M. Griffiths. "Clinical value of fecal calprotectin." Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 56, no. 5 (June 6, 2019): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408363.2019.1619159.

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Licata, Anna, Claudia Randazzo, Maria Cappello, Vincenza Calvaruso, Giuseppe Butera, Ada M. Florena, Sergio Peralta, Calogero Cammà, and Antonio Craxì. "Fecal Calprotectin in Clinical Practice." Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 46, no. 6 (July 2012): 504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcg.0b013e318248f289.

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Chen, Zong-Ran, and Gang Liu. "Fecal calprotectin and colorectal cancer." World Chinese Journal of Digestology 27, no. 23 (December 8, 2019): 1436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v27.i23.1436.

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Abraham, Bincy P., and Sunanda Kane. "Fecal Markers: Calprotectin and Lactoferrin." Gastroenterology Clinics of North America 41, no. 2 (June 2012): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2012.01.007.

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Jajeh, Hamzeh, Ghadeer Dawwas, and James Lewis. "P127 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FECAL URGENCY IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE PATIENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY FROM SPARC IBD." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 26, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/zaa010.057.

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Abstract Background Fecal urgency among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can lead to psychological, functional, and social distress. Factors associated with urgency remain poorly understood. Objective To examine the association between urgency and fecal calprotectin concentration, rectal bleeding, stool frequency, perianal disease, rectal involvement, and disease duration. Methods The results are based on data obtained from the IBD Plexus program of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. This cross-sectional study used data from Study of a Prospective Adult Research Cohort with IBD (SPARC IBD), a multicenter longitudinal study. We included patients with an urgency score at their first study visit. Urgency was rated on a 5-point Likert scale from no to severe urgency. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare fecal calprotectin levels across fecal urgency scores. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of fecal urgency with the amount of rectal bleeding, stool frequency, perianal disease (for Crohn’s disease (CD)), disease involving the rectum (for CD), disease duration, while adjusting for age and gender in each model. Results 2289 patients were included (54% female, 67% CD, mean age 43). The fecal calprotectin concentration was significantly associated with fecal urgency scores (P-value= 0.01). In adjusted models of the overall population, CD vs UC was not associated with urgency (odds ratio [OR] 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–1.13). Fecal urgency was associated with stool frequency (> 4 stools more than normal, OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.46–4.25) but not amount of bleeding. Among patients with CD, perianal disease (OR, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.18–9.79) was associated with fecal urgency. Conclusion In this study of patients in SPARC IBD, factors associated with fecal urgency were fecal calprotectin levels, stool frequency, and perianal disease.

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Shelly, Colleen E., Evgenia J. Filatava, Julie Thai, Britt F. Pados, Sara E. Rostas, Hidemi Yamamoto, Raina Fichorova, and Katherine E. Gregory. "Elevated Intestinal Inflammation in Preterm Infants With Signs and Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease." Biological Research For Nursing 23, no. 3 (February 5, 2021): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800420987888.

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Objectives: Reflux is common in infancy; however, persistent signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal distress are often attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In this pilot study, we aimed to characterize associations between signs and symptoms of suspected GERD and noninvasive markers of intestinal inflammation in preterm infants. Methods: We reviewed Electronic Medical Record (EMR) data to identify clinical signs and symptoms among case patients (n = 16). Controls (n = 16) were matched on gestational age. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to compare fecal calprotectin and urinary intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) levels between cases and controls. Results: We found no differences in baseline characteristics between cases and controls. In the multivariate regression analysis controlling for the proportion of mother’s milk, cases had higher fecal calprotectin levels than controls, with no differences in I-FABP levels between cases and controls. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that preterm infants with signs and symptoms of GERD have higher levels of intestinal inflammation as indicated by fecal calprotectin compared to their controls. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of intestinal inflammation in signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal distress and whether fecal calprotectin might have predictive value in diagnosing GERD.

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Jung, Jae Hoon, and Sook Hyun Park. "Correlation between Fecal Calprotectin Levels in Meconium and Vitamin D Levels in Cord Blood: Association with Intestinal Distress." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 4089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9124089.

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We aimed to investigate the correlation between vitamin D status in cord blood and fecal calprotectin concentrations in meconium, and also find their association with intestinal distress symptoms during the first two weeks of life. Two hundred and twenty-eight newborns were enrolled in the study who were delivered at Kyungpook National University Children’s Hospital between July 2016 and August 2017. The first passed meconium samples were collected for fecal calprotectin analysis. Intestinal distress involved infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and other feeding interruption signs. The median gestational age of the population was 37.0 (34.3–38.4) weeks, and the median birth weight was 2635 (2100–3268) g. The median fecal calprotectin levels in meconium were 134.1 (55.6–403.2) μg/g (range: 11.5–2000 μg/g) and the median 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations in cord blood were 21.0 (15.5–28.8) ng/mL. Sixty infants (26.3%) had intestinal distress, including four patients (1.8%) diagnosed as having NEC. Higher fecal calprotectin concentrations (398.2 (131.8–900.2) μg/g vs. 105.6 (39.4–248.5) μg/g, p < 0.001) and lower 25-OHD levels (17.9 (12.8–22.1) ng/mL vs. 23.2 (17.2–33.0) ng/mL, p < 0.001) were found in infants with intestinal distress compared to infants without intestinal distress. The cut-off value was set at 359.8 μg/g with a sensitivity of 0.53 and a specificity of 0.82 for the development of intestinal distress in the first two weeks of life. Serum 25-OHD levels in cord blood were inversely correlated with fecal calprotectin concentrations in meconium.

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Kittanakom, Saranya, Md Sharif Shajib, Kristine Garvie, Joceline Turner, Dan Brooks, Sufian Odeh, Robert Issenman, V. Tony Chetty, Joseph Macri, and Waliul I. Khan. "Comparison of Fecal Calprotectin Methods for Predicting Relapse of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1450970.

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Background.Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is on the rise worldwide. Endoscopies are necessary for IBD assessment but are invasive, expensive, and inconvenient. Recently, fecal calprotectin (FCal) was proposed as a noninvasive and specific marker of gut inflammation. We evaluated the analytical performance of three FCal assays and their clinical performance in predicting relapse in pediatric IBD.Methods.This study used 40 pediatric IBD and 40 random non-IBD patients’ fecal samples. Two automated ELISAs (Bühlmann and PhiCal® Calprotectin-EIA) and an EliA (Phadia 250 EliA-Calprotectin) were used to evaluate the analytical performance. The clinical performance was assessed by PhiCal Calprotectin-EIA, EliA-Calprotectin, and Bühlmann immunochromatographic point-of-care test (POCT).Results.All assays displayed acceptable analytical performance below and above the medical decision cut-off [imprecision (CV < 10% intra-assay; <15% interassay); linearity (overall mean % deviation < 16.5%)]. The agreement with PhiCal Calprotectin-EIA was 100% and 78.6% for Bühlmann (95% CI, 87.5–100; Kappa: 1) and EliA-Calprotectin (95% CI, 60.5–89.8; Kappa: 0.32), respectively, and 63.6% between Bühlmann and EliA-Calprotectin (95% CI, 46.6–77.8; Kappa: 0.16). All assays evaluated had similar clinical performance [AUC: 0.84 (EliA-Calprotectin); 0.83 (POCT and PhiCal Calprotectin-EIA)].Conclusion.FCal levels determined using the same method and assay together with clinical history would be a noninvasive and useful tool in monitoring pediatric IBD.

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Kolho, Kaija-Leena, and Dan Turner. "Fecal Calprotectin and Clinical Disease Activity in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis." ISRN Gastroenterology 2013 (February 26, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/179024.

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Objective. To explore fecal calprotectin levels in pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) in relation with the validated clinical activity index PUCAI. Methods. This study included all 37 children (median age 14 years) with UC who had calprotectin measured (PhiCal ELISA Test) by the time of PUCAI assessment at the Children's Hospital of Helsinki in a total of 62 visits. Calprotectin values <100 μg/g of stool were considered as normal. The best cut-off value of each measure to predict 3-month clinical outcome was derived by maximizing sensitivity and specificity. Results. In clinically active disease (PUCAI ≥ 10), calprotectin was elevated in 29/32 patients (91% sensitivity). When in clinical remission, 26% (8/30) of the children had normal calprotectin but 7 (23%) had an exceedingly high level (>1000 μg/g). The best cut-off value for calprotectin for predicting poor outcome was 800 μg/g (sensitivity 73%, specificity 72%; area under the ROC curve being 0.71 (95%CI 0.57–0.85)) and for the PUCAI best cut-off values >10 (sensitivity 62%, specificity 64%; area under the ROC curve 0.714 (95%CI 0.58–0.85)). Conclusion. The clinical relevance of somewhat elevated calprotectin during clinical remission in pediatric UC is not known and, until further evidence accumulates, does not indicate therapy escalation.

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Goold, Eric, and Lisa Johnson. "Trends of Fecal Calprotectin and Lactoferrin Results for Infants." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 152, Supplement_1 (September 11, 2019): S27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqz112.052.

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Abstract Calprotectin and lactoferrin can be measured in stool to test for inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) versus irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The clinical specificity of these markers decreases in children versus adults because of the broader differential diagnosis for intestinal inflammation in children. Surprisingly, these tests are frequently ordered for infants (age = 0 years). Therefore, we wanted to assess our historical data in order to understand how infant calprotectin and lactoferrin concentrations change over time and review literature for the potential differential diagnosis for intestinal inflammation in infants. Data were analyzed on 19,543 infants/toddlers ages 0 to 2 years who had a stool test result of either the quantitative ELISA calprotectin PhiCal assay (Eurospital) or qualitative ELISA Lactoferrin Chek assay (Techlab). For the quantitative calprotectin test, the averages and medians were graphed over time in infants. And for the qualitative lactoferrin test, the positivity rate was graphed over time in infants. Both were compared to toddlers of ages 1 to 2 years old. The average level of calprotectin in neonates (0-1 months old) was 336 ± 348 μg/g with a median of 192 μg/g. While these values were dramatically above the adult normal reference range of 0 to 50 μg/g, the average level decreased over time to 119 ± 218 μg/g with a median of 39 μg/g for toddlers 2 years old. The presence of elevated lactoferrin was detected in 89% of neonates versus 34% of toddlers age 2 years. These trends demonstrate that both calprotectin and lactoferrin may be elevated early in life for many infants, but rapidly decline with time. Ordering trends show that, for infants/toddlers age 0 to 2 years, fecal calprotectin ordering has grown rapidly, whereas fecal lactoferrin has remained stable. In conclusion, while fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin are widely used markers of pathologic intestinal inflammation in adults, results in infants must be interpreted with great care. An elevated calprotectin or lactoferrin concentration in infant stool may be pathological, perhaps due to necrotizing enterocolitis or food-associated enteropathy, but is also associated with nonpathological reasons such as intestinal exposure to food antigens or commensal bacteria. Literature studies have shown associations of elevated calprotectin or lactoferrin with diet, gestational age at birth, and even mode of delivery. Thus, it is essential that clinicians interpret calprotectin levels or the presence of elevated lactoferrin in the context of the entire clinical picture and understand the lack of specificity of these markers for pathological conditions in infants.

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Wright, Emily K. "Calprotectin or Lactoferrin: Do They Help." Digestive Diseases 34, no. 1-2 (2016): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000442935.

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Background: The diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has traditionally relied on clinical assessment, serum markers of inflammation and endoscopic examination. Fecal biomarkers such as calprotectin (FC) and lactoferrin (FL) are predominantly derived from neutrophils, are easily detectable in the feces and are now established as valuable markers of intestinal inflammation. In recent years, a ‘treat to target' concept has emerged for the management of IBD. Adequate control of inflammation in IBD at a biochemical level is quickly becoming an important target in IBD management. Key Messages: Fecal biomarkers have been shown to be significantly and consistently increased in both adult and pediatric patients with IBD versus those without IBD. Fecal biomarkers are therefore useful in determining those patients with gastrointestinal symptoms who are likely to benefit from colonoscopy versus those in whom colonoscopy is likely to be normal. Fecal biomarkers correlate significantly with endoscopic disease in both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Suggested cutoffs for FC for endoscopically active disease in IBD range from 50 to 280 μg/g. Fecal biomarkers reflect the success of treatment intensification and can help predict clinical relapse. Both FC and FL are accurate in the detection of postoperative endoscopic recurrence of Crohn's disease, and FC may be clinically useful in predicting those patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis who may progress to colectomy. There are limitations to these fecal tests including a false positive rate and intra-individual variability. Conclusions: This review focuses on the role of fecal biomarkers in the diagnosis, monitoring and management of IBD and how best to interpret results. We will discuss the emerging role of these biomarkers in the IBD management landscape including FC-guided drug dosing and the development of home-based testing and e-health applications. Fecal biomarker results must always be interpreted in a clinical context. Endoscopic assessment remains the gold standard for diagnosis and monitoring of IBD.

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Domachevsky, Liran, Haim Leibovitzh, Irit Avni-Biron, Lev Lichtenstein, Natalia Goldberg, Meital Nidam, David Groshar, Hanna Bernstine, and Ofer Ben-Bassat. "Correlation of 18F-FDG PET/MRE Metrics with Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Crohn’s Disease: A Pilot Study." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7167292.

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Background. To investigate the association between 18F-FDG (Fluorodeoxyglucose) PET (positron emission tomography)/MRE (magnetic resonance enterography) metrics with the inflammatory biomarkers fecal calprotectin and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods. This prospective pilot study was institutional review board (IRB) approved with informed consent obtained. Consecutive CD patients were referred to 18F-FDG PET/MRE. Patients in whom colonoscopy was performed and CRP and fecal calprotectin levels were measured were included. CRP and fecal calprotectin were regarded as positive for inflammation if they were greater than 0.5 mg/dl and 150 mcg/g, respectively. Correlation of quantitative variables was performed using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the accuracy of PET and MRE metrics in determining the presence of inflammation evaluated by calprotectin and CRP levels. Results. Analysis of 21 patients (16 women and 5 men, 43±18 years) was performed. Magnetic resonance index of activity (MaRIA) score had an AUC of 0.63 associated with fecal calprotectin and CRP. Adding apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and metabolic inflammatory volume (MIV) to MaRIA score resulted in an AUC of 0.92 with a cutoff value of 447 resulting in 83% and 100% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Conclusion. The addition of ADC and MIV to the MaRIA score increases the accuracy for discrimination of disease activity in patients with CD. Trial registration number is 2015062.

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Giuffrè, Mauro, Luigi Vetrugno, Stefano Di Di Bella, Rita Moretti, Debora Berretti, and Lory Saveria Crocè. "Calprotectin and SARS-CoV-2: A Brief-Report of the Current Literature." Healthcare 9, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9080956.

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In late December 2019, a novel coronavirus (lately referred to as SARS-CoV-2) spread in the city of Wuhan, China, causing an outbreak of unusual viral pneumonia. In many people, the disease is mild and self-limiting, but in a considerable number of patients, the disease may present more severe or even fatal. Therefore, determining which patients are at higher risk of developing a more severe disease is critical. Some studies have been focused on serum and fecal calprotectin to evaluate COVID-19 disease progression and possible complications. Some assumptions can be made: (1) serum calprotectin may efficiently predict the prognosis of COVID-19 patients; (2) fecal calprotectin may appear high in COVID-19 patients due to the double hit mechanism to the intestine (inflammatory and ischemic); (3) a relationship between the complement system and neutrophil activation contributes to the procoagulant status seen in COVID-19 patients; (4) some patients may develop severe gastro-intestinal complications and fecal calprotectin can be used to monitor intestinal disease activity levels.

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Pelkmans, Leonie P. J., Monique J. M. de Groot, and Joyce Curvers. "Analytical Performance and Clinicopathologic Correlation of Four Fecal Calprotectin Methods." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 152, no. 3 (January 6, 2019): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqz051.

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Abstract Objectives Calprotectin is a noninvasive biomarker that can distinguish inflammatory bowel disease from irritable bowel syndrome. We investigated four automated fecal calprotectin methods on five different platforms for their preanalytical process, analytical performance, and clinicopathologic correlation. Methods Four calprotectin methods (Bühlmann, EliA CN, EliA CN2, and DiaSorin) were performed on five platforms (Cobas 8000 E502, Phadia Immunocap 100 and 250, and Liaison and Liaison XL) in two hospital laboratories. Results Overall variation for the different extraction devices was less than 19% when feces were of normal consistency. Freeze-thawing of samples resulted in comparable results compared with fresh samples. The different methods had a good analytic correlation (R = 0.83-0.95). Their clinicopathologic correlation was comparable, but the Bühlmann method showed significantly higher calprotectin values in every patient category. Conclusions The automated calprotectin methods showed a good performance and comparable clinicopathologic correlation. Due to lack of standardization, the numerical values differ for the various methods.

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Putra, Deddy Satriya, Fadil Oenzil, Eryati Darwin, and Hafni Bachtiar. "The Effect of Glutamine Supplementation to Fecal Calprotectin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Levels in the Fecal of Rats with Acute-Induced Diarrhea." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, A (June 20, 2020): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4046.

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BACKGROUND: Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid as the main fuel in the gastrointestinal mucosa. By its various gastrointestinal functions, glutamine is thought to increase the protection of the intestinal mucosa against local or systemic injury from diarrhea. AIM: This study aimed to determine the relationship between glutamine supplementation and fecal calprotectin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the fecal of rats with acute and chronic diarrhea induced by EPEC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was conducted in an experimental laboratory with a randomized post-test only control group design. A total of 30 Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar were divided into five groups. The treatment group was induced to have diarrhea using EPEC at a dose of 108 CFU/ml, after each group diagnosed by acute and chronic diarrhea, followed by glutamine supplementation at a dose of 810 mg/200 g for 14 days. The inflammatory cytoknies which is fecal calprotectin and TNF-α, of each group was assessed and the p value was measured by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni test to find out the relationship between these variables. RESULT: Supplementation of glutamine for 14 days can reduce fecal calprotectin levels in chronic diarrhea and reduce TNF-α level in rats with acute and chronic diarrhea. CONCLUSION: Glutamine supplementation has an effect on the fecal calprotectin and TNF-α of rats with acute and chronic diarrhea.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Calprotectina fecal'

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