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1
Newman, S., and MP Deland. "Lifetime productivity of crossbred cows. 2. Age and weight at first oestrus, calf birth weight, assisted calvings, calving interval and reproduction rate." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, no. 3 (1991): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9910293.
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Crossbred heifers were born in 1974 from 7 breeds of cattle by mating Hereford bulls to Shorthorn cows, Hereford bulls to Friesian cows (calves double-suckled), Hereford bulls to Jersey cows (and Jersey bulls to Hereford cows), and using semen or natural service of Sahiwal, Charolais, Simmental and Brahman bulls on Hereford cows. Breed differences were important sources of variability for age and weight at first oestrus. The heifers were joined with Hereford bulls to produce backcross progeny during the years 1976-84 in a semi-arid environment. Parity (confounded with year and age of dam) and its interaction with breed had significant effects on frequency of assisted calvings, birth weight, calving rate and weaning rate. On average, over all parities, European cross dams (Charolais, Simmental) had calves of higher birth weight than other types but also had more assisted calvings, a lower calving rate and longer calving interval. Dairy cross dams (Friesian, Jersey) had early puberty, short calving intervals, few assisted calvings and higher calving rates. Zebu cross cows (Brahman, Sahiwal) had poor early reproductive performance due to late onset of oestrus, but similar or better subsequent calving rates and calving intervals. Their calves had lower birth weights but required similar assistance to Europeans. Shorthorn cross cows had similar calving intervals and more assisted calvings than other types in spite of their calves having average birth weights.
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Pilarczyk, R., and J. Wójcik. "Comparison of body weight and reproduction performance in cows of various beef breeds managed under equal conditions in West Pomerania." Archives Animal Breeding 51, no. 4 (October 10, 2008): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-51-318-2008.
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Abstract. The aim of the study was to compare the body weight and the parameters of reproductive performance in beef cows of various breeds following their import to Poland from 1995–1997. The analyses included cows of five beef breeds: Red Angus, Salers, Hereford, Limousin and Simmental. We have compared the body weights and calving intervals during the period from their arrival to Poland in 1995 until 2002, with subsequent calvings included in the analyses. Other aspects included calving difficulty, abortions, stillbirths and twin births. The analysis of the cows’ reproductive performance has revealed that the studied breeds differ in the calving interval. Best results were achieved by Simmental and Limousine cows, while Red Angus cows exhibited the poorest performance. The effect of subsequent calving on the calving interval was also confirmed. We have observed no differences among the mature cows with respect to the body weight and calving ease.
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Garcia Paloma, J. A., R. Alberio, M. C. Miquel, M. O. Grondona, J. Carrillo, and G. Schiersmann. "Effect of calving date on lifetime productivity of cows in a winter-calving Aberdeen Angus herd." Animal Science 55, no. 2 (October 1992): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100037430.
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AbstractLifetime productivity of 408 Aberdeen Angus cows from the Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA) of Balcarce, Argentina, was analysed during the 1972 to 1983 period according to their date of calving. Cows were allocated to two groups: one group of early first calving (Fl) when cows calved within the first 25 days of the calving period; the other, of late first calving (F2) when cows calved after that date. Independently using similar criteria, the effect of date of second calving on lifetime productivity was analysed in the same cows, groups SI and S2. Early first calving cows weaned more kg of calf when their first four calvings were considered than cows of late first calving (659 v. 628 kg). The same tendency was observed when cows were compared according to their second calving date (653 v. 634 kg). Differences in weaning weight between calves from early and late cows were only significant for the first calving (group Fl v. F2) and for first and second calving (group SI v. S2). This fact was a consequence of the shorter initial calving interval for late cows (F2 and S2) so that subsequent ages of their calves at weaning were similar to early cows (Fl and SI). Groups F2 and S2 cows had first and second calving intervals respectively of 351 and 356 days, while groups Fl and SI cows had intervals of 372 and 371 days. It is concluded that the date of the first calving and the high overall reproductive performance of the herd contributed to a high concentration of early calvings and a high productive efficiency.
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Tarrés, J., P. Puig, V. Ducrocq, and J. Piedrafita. "Factors influencing length of productive life and replacement rates in the Bruna dels Pirineus beef breed." Animal Science 78, no. 1 (February 2004): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800053790.
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AbstractAn analysis of the length of productive life in the Bruna dels Pirineus beef breed was performed with a non-parametric approach giving an average value of 9 years of productive life, and a corresponding replacement rate of 11%. Using a proportional hazards model stratified by herd, the influence of calf birth weight and weight gain until weaning, calving difficulty, calving interval and age at first calving on length of productive life were studied. Two models were explored: the first one included time-dependent variables taking the current value of the covariate at each calving date, while the second one also comprised time-dependent interactions between the value of the covariate of the current calving and its mean value during the last (up to) three previous calvings. Results from the first model showed that the risk of culling increases with very high ages at first calving, increasing calving difficulties, very large calf birth weights, very small weight gains until weaning and very long calving intervals. Furthermore, results from the second model showed that these increases also depend upon a sequence of values for the same covariate in previous calvings. Finally, these higher risks of culling implied lower survival functions that increased replacement rates but only slightly decreased average performances.
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Oyedipe, E. O., D. I. K. Osori, A. G. Jagun, B. Ntunde, and L. O. Eduvie. "POST PARTUM UTERINE INVOLUTION AND RESUMPTION OF OVARIAN ACTIVITY IN WHITE FULANI (BUNAJI) AND FRIESIAN BUNAJI COWS AS DETERMINED BY RECTAL PALPATION." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 7, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v7i2.2118.
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The rate of involution of the uterus and cervix, and resumption of ovarian activity were studied in Friesian x Bunaji and purebred Bunaji Zebu cattle. Determinations of the above parameters were made by rectal palpation of the genitalia, visual observations and by vasectomized bulls for signs of oestrus. Involution was found to be complete by 16 to 30 days for the crossbreeds and 17 to 27 days for the Bunaji. The mean interval from parturition to first oestrus was 18.5 ± 2.9 vs 21.4 ± 5.4 days for the Bunaji and Frieslam x Bunaji respectively. The interval between the first and second oestrus in the crossbred was significantly longer than in the purebred Buanji (P<.05). By 60 days postpartum, all the Bunaji had exhibited no less than 3 oestrous cycles as against the Friesian crosses with a mean of 2.4 cycles. Cystic ovaries (6.9%), pyometra (6.9%) and anoestrus (13.8%) observed among the crossbreds were not seen among the Bunaji cows examined. Calving records of the palpated cows were examined for their last three calvings under the range management practised on the farm. Three calving interval groups viz less than 322, 322 to 342 and above 342 days were recognized. In both breeds, most calvings were in the greater than 342 days interval, during which the 'Bunaji had longer calving interval (P< .01) in the pernultimate calving than the crosses.
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Brotherstone, Susan. "A note on the value and methods of correcting milk records for calving interval or days dry." Animal Science 44, no. 2 (April 1987): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100018705.
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In formulating a genetic index for use in cow and sire evaluation, there is a need to account for all environmental factors which influence an animal's yield. To this end, milk production records are currently adjusted for, amongst other things, age at calving and month of calving. In Norway, Sweden and West Germany, records are corrected for calving interval, i.e. the number of days between subsequent calvings (Philipsson, Dommerholt, Fimland, Gaillard, Gjøl-Christensen, Lederer, McClintock and Mocquot, 1978), but in Britain no account is taken of calving interval or days dry. Analysis has shown (McClintock, 1982) that both these factors have a significant effect on yield, and hence further investigation into the value and methods of adjusting for these factors was required.
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Hossain, MS, MA Rahman, FY Bari, and MMU Bhuiyan. "Factors affecting calving to service interval in crossbred Friesian cows in a large dairy farm." Bangladesh Veterinarian 38, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2022): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v38i1-2.63675.
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To determine the calving to service interval and its associated factors, 125 crossbred Friesian cows were studied. The farm records were randomly examined, and related data were collected on genotype, age, body weight, body condition score (BCS), parity, milk yield, suckling status and season of first postpartum service. The overall calving to service interval in Friesian crossbred cows was 98.9 ± 42.6 days. Calving to service intervals in cows with 50.0%, 62.5 - 68.8% and 75.0 - 87.5% exotic blood were 98.7 ± 41.6, 102.9 ± 58.3 and 94.7 ± 33.6 days, respectively. The calving to service interval in cows aged 42 - 60, 61 - 78 and 79 - 173 months was 74.0 ± 14.4, 108.5 ± 48.9 and 100.8 ± 43.0 days, respectively. The calving to service interval in cows with body weight 140 - 180, 181 - 220 and 221 - 250 Kg was 94.3 ± 38.4, 99.3 ± 41.4 and 134.2 ± 74.9 days, respectively. The calving to service interval in cows with BCS 2.5 - 3.0 and 3.5 - 4.0 was 98.8 ± 42.3 and 99.1 ± 44.3 days, respectively. The calving to service interval in cows with parity 1, 2 - 3 and 4 - 10 was 117.5 ± 76.4, 99.6 ± 40.0 and 96.4 ± 41.2 days, respectively. The calving to service interval in cows with milk yield 0 (dry), 1 - 5, 6 - 10 and 11 - 16 litres was 118.4 ± 51.2, 99.6 ± 45.6, 102.5 ± 45.8 and 84.0 ± 22.1 days, respectively. The calving to service interval in suckling and nonsuckling cows was 100.5 ± 44.3 and 88.8 ± 28.8 days, respectively. The calving to service interval in cows in summer, rainy and winter season was 98.8 ± 41.4, 104.5 ± 46.9 and 95.3 ± 41.9 days, respectively. The difference in calving to service interval among cows of different ages was significant (P<0.05). It is suggested that calving to service interval was not influenced by breed, body weight, BCS, parity, milk yield, suckling status or season of service.
Bangl. vet. 2021. Vol. 38, No. 1-2, 33–41
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Wood, Peter D. P. "Importance of the calving interval to milk yield in the following lactation of British Friesian cows." Journal of Dairy Research 52, no. 1 (February 1985): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900023839.
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SUMMARYThe records of 453260 British Friesian cows, accumulated by the Milk Marketing Board of England and Wales in 1981/82, were used to estimate the effect of the calving interval on milk production in the subsequent lactation. There was a clear relationship between the length of the dry period and the calving interval in which it occurred, such that the dry period was extended by 2·5 d for every 10 d extension of the calving interval. The relationship between the interval and milk production in the following lactation appeared more likely to be due to variation in the dry period than to variation in the calving interval itself. A dry period between 50 and 60 d was associated with maximum production of milk, fat and protein. Among cows with dry periods shorter than 55 d, fat and protein production increased by 8 and 3·5 kg/d respectively. For cows with dry periods longer than 55 d, production of fat and protein was reduced by 0·2 and 0·12 kg/d respectively. The modal calving interval was 355 d including a dry period of 51 d. The interval tended to increase with the age of the cow, at the rate of 3 d/month of age within parity. The best estimate of future calving intervals was the mean of all previous intervals of the cow.
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Farfán Talledo, Alicia Esther, Wilter Fernando Borja Veloz, Luis Santiago Quiroz Fernández, Juan José Zambrano Villacís, and Pablo Roberto Marini. "Desempeño reproductivo de vacas Gyr lechero en un sistema a pastoreo del trópico ecuatoriano." La Técnica: Revista de las Agrociencias. ISSN 2477-8982, no. 24 (December 22, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/la_tecnica.v0i24.2337.
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Reproductive performance of Gyr dairy cows in a grazing system of the Ecuadorian Tropic
Resumen
El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la eficiencia reproductiva en vacas lecheras Gyr en condiciones de pastoreo del trópico ecuatoriano. Se utilizaron datos retrospectivos desde el 2016 al 2018 de la Hacienda Casa Blanca del cantón Olmedo provincia de Manabí – Ecuador. Se utilizaron 98 vacas multíparas Gyr para el estudio que tuvieron fecha de parto registrada en los años analizados. El intervalo parto-parto presentó valores promedio de 420,5 ± 7,1 días, días de secas 210,5 ± 7,1 e intervalo parto concepción de 150,5 ± 7,1 días. Se observó que existió una tendencia que los partos no mantengan la misma distribución en el año acumulándose a finales de la época seca. Se concluye que las vacas analizadas, para este establecimiento y años utilizados, mostraron valores más bajos de intervalo entre partos según la bibliografía consultada, aunque aún se debería seguir trabajando para llegar al óptimo de un parto al año.
Palabras clave: vacas Gyr; intervalo parto-parto; intervalo parto concepción; días de seca.
Abstract
The objective of the work was to evaluate the reproductive efficiency through in Gyr dairy cows under grazing conditions of the ecuadorian tropic. Retrospective data from 2016 to 2018 from the Hacienda Casa Blanca canton Olmedo province of Manabí – Ecuador. Were used 98 Gyr multiparous cows were used for the study that had a safe calving date in the years analyzed. The calving-calving interval presented average values of 420,5 ± 7,1 days dry days 210,5 ± 7,1 and calving conception interval of 150,5 ± 7,1 days. It was observed that there was a tendency for calving not to maintain the same distribution in the year, accumulating at the end of the dry season. It is concluded that the cows analyzed, for this establishment and years used, showed lower values of the interval between calving according to the bibliography consulted, although work should still continue to reach the optimum of one calving per year.
Keywords: Gyr cows; calving-calving interval; calving-calving interval; dry days.
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Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa, and Oliwia NAGÓRSKA. "EFFECT OF AGE AT FIRST CALVING AND CALVING INTERVAL LENGHT ON MILK PERFORMANCE IN COWS." Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 338, no. 44 (December 30, 2017): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2017.44.4.02.
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Titova, Svetlana V. "Reproductive qualities of dairy cows at different levels of milk yield." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 22, no. 4 (August 27, 2021): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2021.22.4.589-596.
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The article presents the results of the analysis of the reproductive ability of cows depending on the level of their milk productivity. The studies were conducted in the Republic of Mari El on cows of the Holstein black-and-white breed (n = 3828). There have been studied the influence of different levels of milk yield on the duration of the service period and period between calvings, the output of calves per 100 cows, the coefficient of reproductive ability. The studies used the comparison method, correlation, regression and one-factor analysis of variance. It has been established that the milk yield increases with the age of cows, but at the same time the duration of the service period and calving interval increases. In first-calf cows, the service period was 128.8 days (Cv = 75.1 %), the calving interval was 403.6 days (Cv = 23.5 %). By the third lactation, with an increase in milk yield by 1030 kg (15.4 %), the duration of the service period increased by 7.2 days (5.6 %), the calving interval -by 12.3 days (3.0 %). The share of the impact (ƞ2x) of milk yield on the duration of the service period was 5.4 %, the calving interval -4.7 %. The correlation coefficients between milk yield for 305 days of the first lactation and the duration of the service period and calving interval were 0.24 and 0.22 (p<0.05), with milk yield for the entire lactation 0.81 (p<0.05). The optimal indicators of the service period (89.4 days), the calving interval (369.4 days), the reproductive capacity (0.94) and the output of calves (1.0) were possessed by the first heifers with low milk productivity-milk yield less than 5000 kg of milk. In animals with the milk yield of 6000-9000 kg of milk or more, the duration of the service period was 12.4-249.6 % higher, the calving interval -by 1.9-32.5 % (p<0.05). According to the regression coefficients, on average, each increase in milk yield per 1000 kg increased the duration of the service period by 25.9 days, the calving interval -by 23.1 days, which worsened the output of calves by 0.24 %, and the coefficient of reproductive ability decreased by 16.0 %.
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Eduvie, L. O., and P. M. Dawuda. "Effect of suckling on reproductive activities of Bunaji cows during the postpartum period." Journal of Agricultural Science 107, no. 2 (October 1986): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600087025.
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SummaryForty-one cows were used to determine calving intervals, intervals from calving to conception and pregnancy rates at 60–90 days postpartum for suckled and nonsuckled Bunaji cows. Twelve of the cows (six suckled and six non-suckled) were used to study the serum progesterone concentrations during the postpartum period. The mean intervals from calving to conception were 232·5 and 72·6 with calving intervals of 512·5 and 352·6 days for suckled and non-suckled cows, respectively. Pregnancy rates at 60–90 days postpartum were 21·1 and 72·7% for suckled and non-suckled animals, respectively. The overall mean calving interval and interval from calving to conception for all cows were 426·7 and 146·7 days, respectively, with a conception rate of 48·8%.Based on serum content of progesterone and rectal palpation of ovaries, one of six suckled cows resumed ovarian activities within the first 90 days of calving with peak progesterone of 0·7 ng/ml. Four of six non-suckled cows resumed cyclic activities and conceived within the same period. Two of the four cows conceived at the first postpartum cycle and the remaining two conceived at the second cycle. The serum progesterone concentrations of the cows ranged from 0·1 to 6·9 ng/ml during the nonfertile cycle and 0·1 to 15 ng/ml at pregnancy. It is concluded that suckling interfered with ovarian activities and thus conception during the postpartum period, resulting in a prolonged calving interval.
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Henkes, Luis Ernani, Magda Vieira Benavides, João Francisco Coelho Oliveira, José Carlos Ferrugem Moraes, and Tania Azevedo Weimer. "Maternal inheritance on reproductive traits in Brangus-Ibagé cattle." Ciência Rural 34, no. 4 (August 2004): 1163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782004000400030.
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Cytoplasmic inheritance influence on reproductive traits was investigated in the Brangus-Ibagé cattle (3/8 Nelore x 5/8 Aberdeen Angus). Additive genetic effects were responsible for 12% ± 11% of phenotypic variation observed in first calving interval, but their contribution dropped to zero when all calving intervals (CI) were considered. The heritability estimate for age at first calving (AFC, in days) was 0.19 ± 0.09. Mitochondrial lineage (MIT) had negligible effects on phenotypic variances of calving interval (0.0 ± 0.02), calf birth weight (0.0 ± 0.01), and cow weight at calving (0.0 ± 0.01). However, for the age at first calving, MIT accounted for 0.15 ± 0.07 of total variation. Cow weight at calving had a significant linear effect on CI and AFC. Three D-loop mtDNA mutations significantly affected either calving interval (T®C at sites 16,113 and 16,119) or calf birth weight (T®C at site 16,113). The C variants had decreased CI (29 and 32 days, respectively) and increased calf weight (0.6kg). Although the effects were small, direct selection for these mutation-carrier cows might improve the reproductive and developmental performance in this herd.
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MBAP, S. T. "A NOTE ON THE HERITABILITY ESTIMATES OF BIRTH WEIGHT AND CALVING INTERVAL OF WHITE FULANI CATTLE IN IBADAN." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 23, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v23i2.2231.
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Heritabilities of birth weight and calvin interval in White Fulani Cattle were White Fulani, estimated using data from seven sires and 147 and dams collected in Ibadan between 1970 and. 1982. The heritability estimates were 0.21±0.26 for birth weight and 0.012±0.16 for calving interval.
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Probo, Monica, Marcello Guadagnini, Giulia Sala, Paola Amodeo, and Agostino Bolli. "Calving Ease Risk Factors and Subsequent Survival, Fertility and Milk Production in Italian Holstein Cows." Animals 12, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12060671.
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The objectives of this study were to investigate the main risk factors associated with calving ease (CE) in Italian Holstein cow herds, and to estimate the association between CE and subsequent survival, fertility and milk production. Data obtained from Holstein cows in 40 Italian herds were retrospectively investigated. Calvings were surveilled and classified into two categories of CE, unassisted calving or assisted calving, based on the need for intervention. The following factors were analyzed as possible risk factor affecting CE: herd, number of calvings/herd/year, age at first calving (AFC), cow parity, gestation length, twinning, calf sex, previous calving-to-conception interval, previous milk yield, dry period and close-up length, and season of calving. The association between CE and culling risk within the first 30 days-in-milk (DIM), cumulative 60-d milk yield and predicted 305-d milk yield, and pregnancy risk within 150 DIM were also investigated. Of the 47,672 calvings, 37,892 (79.5%) were unassisted, while 9780 (20.5%) required some type of assistance. Among the risk factors, only the AFC was not correlated with CE, while for all the other risk factors an association with CE was detected. Assisted calvings were associated with an increased culling risk at 30 DIM, decreased 60-d milk yield, decreased 305-d milk yield and reduced pregnancy risk at 150 DIM. In conclusion, dairy herd management should aim at correcting/reducing the risk factors in order to limit the incidence of assisted calving, and possibly improve the quality of calving assistance; controlling CE within the herd is crucial to reducing culling risk, and achieving higher lactation and reproductive performance.
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Chapuis, Anne, and Tom Tetzlaff. "The variability of tidewater-glacier calving: Origin of event-size and interval distributions." Journal of Glaciology 60, no. 222 (2014): 622–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2014jog13j215.
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AbstractCalving activity at the termini of tidewater glaciers produces a wide range of iceberg sizes at irregular intervals. We present calving-event data obtained from continuous observations of the termini of two tidewater glaciers on Svalbard, and show that the distributions of event sizes and inter-event intervals can be reproduced by a simple calving model, focusing on the mutual interplay between calving and the destabilization of the glacier terminus. The event-size distributions of both the field and the model data extend over several orders of magnitude and resemble power laws. The distributions of inter-event intervals are broad, but have a less pronounced tail. In the model, the width of the size distribution increases with the calving susceptibility of the glacier terminus, a parameter measuring the effect of calving on the stress in the local neighborhood of the calving region. Inter-event interval distributions, in contrast, are insensitive to the calving susceptibility. Above a critical susceptibility, small perturbations of the glacier result in ongoing self-sustained calving activity. The model suggests that the shape of the event-size distribution of a glacier is informative about its proximity to this transition point. Observations of rapid glacier retreats can be explained by supercritical self-sustained calving.
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Saifullah Saadat. "Investigation of Effective Factors on Calving Interval of Cows in Faryab Province." International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, no. 2 (March 19, 2021): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.8.2.8.
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This research was conducted to investigate the effects of factors (Identification of female cows, timely insemination of identified begging cows, diseases related to the reproductive system and nutrition) on the calving interval of dairy cows in Faryab province. Whereas, the long interval between two deliveries due to the identification of female cows, the increase in the number of inseminations (due to the failure of previous insemination), poor nutritional management and genital infections cause a long interval between calving to retrieval of cows. In that case, it will significantly reduce milk production and livestock income, because calving interval is one of the most important indicators of reproduction and economic characteristics of dairy cows, which is the interval between two calving intervals. Under the best of circumstances, one cow gives birth to only one calf per year. Calves born are important from both the point of view of meat production and replacement of old and low-producing cows. Identifying the effective factors and their effects on the calving interval between dairy cows and preventing the economic losses of dairy farmers due to increasing the calving interval between calves are the general purpose of this research. In this research, Andkhoy, Qurghan and other Faryab districts were randomly selected from three villages in each district and 10 owners from each village, which included three districts, 9 villages and nine livestock, respectively. The results of the present research showed that the interval between calving of dairy cows in the research area was due to the untimely identification of female cows by herders, increasing the number of inseminations due to the failure of previous inseminations of diseases related to the reproductive system and inadequate nutrition. The average time after delivery for the uterus to return to its previous state was 465 days.
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Setyorini, Yuliati Wahyu, Edy Kurnianto, Sutopo Sutopo, and Sutiyono Sutiyono. "Effect of Age at First Calving on Milk Production and Reproductive Performance of Indonesian Holstein Dairy Cattle." Buletin Peternakan 46, no. 4 (November 25, 2022): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v46i4.77097.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the milk production and reproductive performance of dairy cattle in groups of different ages at first calving and to elucidate the effect of age at first calving on milk production and calving interval of Indonesian Holstein dairy cattle. The observation method use in this study. Records of 80 dairy cows which were born in Indonesia and had the age at first calving range of 23-32 months were used as the materials. Cows were divided into two groups based on age at first calving (AFC). Group I was cows with age at first calving of 23-27 months and group II with age at first calving of 28-32 months. The parameters observed were the total milk yield, calving interval, post-partum mating, interval from calving to conception, and service per conception. To compare data between two groups, the t-tests and descriptive analysis were used. The results showed that the total milk yield, calving interval, postpartum mating, interval from calving to conception, and service per conception in the group I did not have a significant difference from the group II. The linear regression analysis showed that the age at first calving had a weak negative effect on the total milk yield, and the age at first calving had a weak positive effect on the calving interval. In conclusion, the difference in the age at first calving did not provide a different performance on milk production and reproduction of dairy cattle
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Anwar, Khurshaid, Nakash Smark, and Rahmat Jan Afridi. "A STUDY ON REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY OF ACHAI CATTLE AT DIR, (L) PAKISTAN." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 650–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12192.
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A revised study was conducted at Livestock Research and Development Station Dir,Lower Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Pakistan to document the fertility and reproductive characteristics of Achai cattle. Three different characteristics i.e. gestation period, calving interval and birth weight were studied. 25 animals were observed for gestation period, 24 for calving intervals and 40 new born were weighed for birth weight respectively. Mean gestation period, calving interval and birth weight wererecordedto be 274.84±17.31, 446.38±37.14 days and 16.25±2.44 kgs respectively.
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Larson, C. L., H. L. Miller, and T. B. Goehring. "Effect of postpartum bull exposure on calving interval of first-calf heifers bred by natural service." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 74, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas94-023.
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Ninety-four first calf heifers were utilized to evaluate the effect of bull exposure on the calving interval. Heifers were alternately assigned after calving to a pasture containing epididymectomized bulls for 60 d or were not exposed. Thirty-five days prior to the breeding season the bulls were removed and the two groups co-mingled. Bull-exposed heifers had a 9-d increase in calving interval and a 7-d delay in average calving date compared to unexposed heifers (P < 0.05). Bull exposure early postpartum did not shorten the calving interval of heifers in condition score of 5 or better at calving and bred by natural service under the conditions of this study. Key words: Bull exposure, first-calf heifers, reproduction, calving interval, postpartum
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Pratama, Hanif Sabekti, Imam Mustofa, Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari, Pudji Srianto, Rimayanti Rimayanti, and Suzanita Utama. "KADAR MILK UREA NITROGEN (MUN) PADA SAPI PERANAKAN FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN (PFH) BERDASARKAN CALVING INTERVAL YANG BERBEDA." Ovozoa : Journal of Animal Reproduction 8, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ovz.v8i1.2019.1-4.
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Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) analys may be used as a signal potential problem in feeding program. The aim of this research was to know levels of milk urea nitrogen with different calving interval. This research was using purposive sampling in KUD Tani Wilis, Sendang, Tulungagung. The sample was obtained from breeder as much as 16 samples, grouped into 2 groups, group 1 calving interval ≤370 and group 2 calving interval ≥450. This samples tested in Surabaya laboratory of health (Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan Surabaya). The result showed that MUN not signifcanly different with different calving interval (p>0,05). The conclusion of this research was MUN did not related with different calving interval.
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Nava-Trujillo, Héctor, Robert Valeris-Chacin, Javier Hernandez, Mariano Duran Nuñez, Adriana Morgado-Osorio, Janeth Caamaño, and Armando Quintero-Moreno. "Effect of season and parity on water buffalo calving distribution throughout the year in Venezuela." Revista Acadêmica Ciência Animal 17 (February 12, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/1981-4178.2019.17013.
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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of season and parity on water buffalo calving distribution throughout the year in Venezuela. A retrospective study analyzing records of 3,192 crossbred (Murrah/Mediterranean) buffaloes including 7,790 calvings was carried out in Venezuela. Two seasons were evaluated according to the length of the photoperiod: September-February (short photoperiod; autumn-winter) and March-August (long photoperiod; spring-summer). Parity order was categorized in parity 1, parity 2, parity 3, and parity 4. Photoperiod was shorter between September and February in comparison with March-August (11.81 ± 0.08 h/day and 12.42±0.08 h/day, respectively, p < 0.05). Percentage of calving varied between the two seasons (p < 0.05), and 63.7% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 62.5%-64.9%) of calving occurred during the season of short photoperiod in comparison with that of the season of long photoperiod (36.3%, 95% CI: 35.1%-37.5%), and this effect was observed in all parities. The proportion of calvings during the short photoperiod season was greater as parity increased. The percentage of calving during the short photoperiod season was lower in primiparous water buffalo cows in comparison with that of multiparous water buffalo cows; conversely, the percentage of calving during the long photoperiod season was higher in primiparous water buffalo cows in comparison with that of multiparous water buffalo cows. Eight percent of water buffalo cows having their first calving in the long photoperiod season had the next calvings during this season. In conclusion, results confirm the seasonal reproductive behavior of water buffaloes with a concentration of calvings during the months with short photoperiod; this seasonality becomes stronger as parity increases; even though a small percentage of water buffalo cows has the ability of calving constantly during long photoperiod.
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Lucy, M. C., C. R. Staples, W. W. Thatcher, P. S. Erickson, R. M. Cleale, J. L. Firkins, J. H. Clark, M. R. Murphy, and B. O. Brodie. "Influence of diet composition, dry-matter intake, milk production and energy balance on time of post-partum ovulation and fertility in dairy cows." Animal Science 54, no. 3 (June 1992): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100020778.
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AbstractLactating Holstein-Friesian cows from two calving groups (no. = 90) were studied during the early post-partum period to determine the effect of dry-matter intake (DM1), 40 g/kg fat-corrected milk (FCM) production, energy balance (EB), parity, and food additives (calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids [CaLCFA] and niacin) on the recrudescence of ovarian function and establishment of pregnancy. Cows that ovulated early during the post-partum period (15 to 21 days after calving) consumed more food and tended to produce more FCM compared with cows ovulating later (22 to 42 days or after 42 days). Primiparous cows had lower EB and tended to have longer intervals to first ovulation compared with multiparous cows but the average interval to pregnancy was similar for primiparous and multiparous cows. Feeding CaLCFA tended to extend the interval to first service and decreased pregnancy rate. Production characteristics (including DMI and FCM production) seem to determine interval from calving to first ovulation as well as interval from calving to pregnancy (days open). Fertility was affected negatively by feeding CaLCFA.
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Fahey, Jack, John M. Morton, Martin J. Auldist, and Keith L. Macmillan. "Associations between early lactation milk protein concentrations and the intervals to calving for Holstein cows of differing parity." Animal Production Science 57, no. 10 (2017): 2100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15777.
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High milk protein concentrations (MP%) have been positively associated with the reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. No studies have measured the effects of this association on subsequent calving dates in multiparous cows, nor assessed whether the underlying causal mechanisms are present in nulliparous heifers. Holstein cows (primiparous = 918; multiparous = 4242) were selected from herds that had seasonally concentrated calving patterns resulting from seasonally restricted breeding periods. In seasonally calving herds, the date of a herd’s planned start of calving (PSC date) is the average gestation length of 282 days after the date that the preceding breeding period commenced, so that the interval from the herd’s PSC date to each cow’s actual calving date (PSC-to-calving interval) primarily reflects the time to conception from the start of the breeding period in the previous year. This measure was used to compare associations between the average MP% during the first 120 days of lactation and time to the calving that initiated that lactation in primiparous and multiparous cows. Early lactation MP% was negatively associated with PSC-to-calving interval. A 1% difference in MP% was associated with an 8-day difference in the average PSC-to-calving interval in primiparous cows and a 31–35-day difference in the average interval in multiparous cows. The observed associations between early lactation MP% and PSC-to-calving interval are likely to involve determinants present during a cow’s breeding period that affect the probability of conception. Some of these determinants are not restricted to early lactation as the association between MP% and PSC-to-calving interval in primiparous cows is a reflection of the reproductive performance in nulliparous heifers at ~15 months of age.
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BLANC, F., and J. AGABRIEL. "Modelling the reproductive efficiency in a beef cow herd: effect of calving date, bull exposure and body condition at calving on the calving–conception interval and calving distribution." Journal of Agricultural Science 146, no. 2 (February 21, 2008): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859608007715.
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SUMMARYA model of reproductive performance was developed to study the influences of breeding management decisions and animal characteristics on the reproductive performance and the calving distribution in a beef herd. In the model, reproductive performance is formalized as a sequence of events (parturition, ovulation, conception), each of which modifies the reproductive status of the simulated cow. With respect to reproduction, a cow can be in one of three possible states: open-not-cycling, open-cycling or pregnant. The length of the different intervals that are included between two successive reproductive events (calving to first cycle interval, length of oestrous cycles, calving–conception and calving intervals) is formalized using stochastic or empirical laws that may be influenced by numerous animal or environmental factors or by management decisions (feeding strategy, breeding season and length of the breeding period). Within the herd, cows are considered to differ from each other by their parity, calving date, body condition at calving and their bull exposure.Calving to first oestrous interval (postpartum anoestrous interval (PPAI)) is expressed as the sum of three equations which formalize the respective effects of calving date, body condition score at calving (BCScalving) and the response to early bull exposure in interaction with BCScalving. The influences of these variables on reproductive performance were quantified by analysing data sets (three bibliographical and two experimental) or by expertise. Special attention was paid to the influence of calving date on PPAI and a biological interpretation of this effect is proposed. Probabilities of natural insemination success were estimated according to the number of oestrus and the number of matings.The model was fitted to data from primiparous Charolais cows (n=139) bred at the experimental station Laqueuille (French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA)). Its ability to simulate PPAI was tested using an independent data set of primiparous Charolais cows (n=188) from the experimental farm Le Pin. The model only accounts for 39% of the observed inter-individual variability. However, the analysis of the mean square deviation components led to validation of the structure of the model. In particular, the assumption that the influence of calving date on PPAI can be attributed to a sensitivity of the reproductive function to the variation of the photoperiod during the month preceding parturition was confirmed. Simulations also revealed that fat cows could have similar anoestrus to thin cows when they are exposed early to a bull. Such a result emphasized the necessity to investigate further and better calibrate the combined effects of BCS at calving and bull exposure on PPAI.
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Mund, Marianna E., Don A. Neuendorff, Lacey Quail, Jason P. Banta, David G. Riley, Thomas H. Welsh, and Ronald D. Randel. "114 The relationship of cell mediated immune response of Brahman cows on calving interval." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_1 (July 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.099.
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Abstract The relationships between cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) of cows and calving interval and calf growth were evaluated. Calving interval was evaluated for each of the initial 7 life-time opportunities that females had to produce a calf. The number of days from when the cow had a calf until she calved again determined the cow’s calving interval for each year. The Spring breeding seasons were divided into 45-d artificial insemination and 45-d natural service periods. The Fall breeding season was natural service each year. Multiparous Brahman cows (n = 435) had records for breeding and calving dates and calf weaning weights. The CMIR (hypersensitivity response to Candida albicans measured using tail-fold thickness) was determined once for each female in the Fall and early Winter 2015. Cows were classified into response groups based on mean and SD of CMIR. High responders were those with CMIR ½ SD ≥ the mean (≥ 2.8 mm), Intermediate cows were within ½ SD of the mean (2.7-1.8 mm), and cows ½ SD ≤ the mean were Low (≤ 1.7 mm). Data were analyzed using repeated measures, mixed, and Chi Square procedures (SAS 9.4). Variables included calving interval, cow age, CMIR response group, pregnancy status, calf count, calf sex, cow sire, calf sire, and calf adjusted 180-d weaning weight. A greater proportion of High CMIR cows made it to their 6th calving interval. Chi Square analysis indicated that High CMIR cows were more likely to remain in the herd longer and produce a calf each year. Cows with High CMIR had a greater stayability (P = 0.1). Selection for High CMIR can result in selection of cows which are more likely to remain in the herd long enough to be profitable as they have a greater stayability and shorter calving intervals (about 25 days) than their Low CMIR herdmates.
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Raboisson, Didier, and Philippe Citerne. "Marginal cost of the calving interval in beef cows is not uniform." Veterinary Record 183, no. 5 (December 23, 2017): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.104193.
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To understand the profitability of reproduction management measures, an economic assessment based on a beef cow life simulation was proposed. It accounted for the discounted feeding costs of the dam and its calves for the different periods of their lives up to their sale and for the overall production from calves adjusted by mortality and culling. The calibration was proposed for various combinations of typical French and European situations. The maximal cash flow was observed for the lowest calving interval, corresponding to the maximal number of calves produced. The marginal cost of the calving interval was not uniform: on average, it was twice as high at a calving interval of 360 days (€1/day) as at 500 days (€0.5/day). It was also higher when age at first calving was lower and when culling was late or the replacement rate was low. The results were sensitive to the costs of the calves’ diets and to the market prices for calves. These assessments may assist the evaluation of the profitability of various measures taken in the field when faced with deteriorating calving intervals in beef production.
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Rosa, Atha Nadhila, Madi Hartono, Sri Suharyati, and Siswanto Siswanto. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI CALVING INTERVAL SAPI KRUI DI KECAMATAN PESISIR SELATAN KABUPATEN PESISIR BARAT." Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Peternakan (Journal of Research and Innovation of Animals) 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jrip.2020.4.3.134-141.
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Research on calving interval of Krui cattle in Pesisir Selatan District was held on December 2019 until January 2020 with 142 Krui cattle who have given birth more than once and had been inseminated belong to 68 farmers. The purpose of this reserch were to know: 1) calving interval of Krui cattle in Pesisir Selatan District, 2) the factors and magnitude of the factors which disturb calving interval of Krui cattle in Pesisir Selatan District. This research used census method, data obtained was real data that present and accurate in Pesisir Selatan District. Data was analysed by multiple linear regression with SPSS (Statistics Packet for Social Science) program. The results showed that calving interval of Krui cattle in Pesisir Selatan District was 12,53�1,42 month. Factors that affected the value of calving interval in Krui cattle in Pesisir Selatan District were derived from the mating partus that positively associated with factor value of 0,769 and the S/C that positively associated with factor value of 0,912.
Keywords : Calving interval, Krui cattle, Pesisir Selatan District
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Juliantari, Ni Komang Ade, Desak Nyoman Dewi Indira Laksmi, and Wayan Bebas. "Jarak Beranak Sapi Bali pada Kelompok-kelompok Ternak di Wilayah Kerja Pusat Kesehatan Hewan Sobangan, Mengwi, Badung, Bali." Indonesia Medicus Veterinus 10, no. 5 (September 30, 2021): 748–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/imv.2021.10.5.748.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jarak beranak (calving interval) pada sapi bali menurut tingkat paritas dan body condition score. Total sampel yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 62 sampel. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif, mencari rata-rata calving interval dan dibedakan berdasarkan body condition score. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beragam nilai calving interval. Jika dilihat dari body condition score 2, rata-rata 15,33 ± 0,94 bulan, 13 ± 1 bulan, 14 bulan, 15 bulan, hingga 16,5 ± 0,5 bulan, semakin tua sapi yang diternakkan maka semakin lama kemunculan estrus postpartum sehingga makin panjang juga periode calving intervalnya. Pada body condition score 3, rata-rata 12,91 ± 1,65 bulan, 12,87 ± 1,65 bulan, 12,5 ± 0,5 bulan, 13,25 ± 0,43 bulan, dan 14 bulan. Faktor penyebab panjangnya calving interval dapat dilihat dari segi ternak, peternak, maupun inseminator. Segi ternak yang mempengaruhi yaitu kesehatan ternak. Segi peternak yang mempengaruhi adalah deteksi birahi, pemeliharaan ternak, dan penyapihan yang dilakukan. Segi inseminator adalah prosedur pelaksanaan dan kualitas semen. Hal ini sangat penting karena jika sapi yang diternakkan mengalami faktor-faktor yang disebutkan maka akan mempengaruhi daripada nilai calving interval yang berakibat pada penurunan pendapatan peternak karena jumlah anak yang dihasilkan akan berkurang selama masa produktif.
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Fiedlerová, M., D. Řehák, M. Vacek, J. Volek, J. Fiedler, P. Šimeček, O. Mašata, and F. Jílek. "Analysis of non-genetic factors affecting calving difficulty in the Czech Holstein population." Czech Journal of Animal Science 53, No. 7 (July 17, 2008): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/355-cjas.
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The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of non-genetic factors affecting calving difficulty in the Holstein population of the Czech Republic for subsequent compilation of the model for genetic evaluation as well as for herd management practice. Calving difficulty recorded in 1997–2006 was assessed in three categories: 1 = normal, 2 = hard pull, 3 = complicated. The original observations were transformed to an underlying normal scale. A data set containing 409 255 records was analysed by a linear model with fixed effects of season, parity of dam, sex of calf and Holstein gene proportion. All these effects were significant, and their appropriate categorization was considered. Analyses of additional factors such as gestation length, age at first calving and preceding calving interval were performed. The results revealed that gestation length was in a non-linear relationship with calving difficulty. A higher risk of difficult calving was associated with short or long gestation and with a prolonged preceding calving interval in multiparous cows. Calving difficulty should be adjusted for these factors. A decreased risk of difficult calving could be achieved by an altering of calving interval and age at first calving as a management tool.
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Ramadhanty, Dhian. "Reproductive Efficiency Of Dairy Cows With Repeat Breeding." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Industri Peternakan 1, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55678/jstip.v1i1.343.
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Salah satu gangguan reproduksi yang banyak terjadi di Peternakan sapi perah, yaitu kawin berulang (Repeat Breeding). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat efisiensi reproduksi induk sapi perah yang mengalami kawin berulang. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara survei dengan pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder. Pengambilan data primer dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan, melihat recording dan wawancara langsung dengan peternak menggunakan daftar pertanyaan yang tersedia, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari petugas inseminator di Dusun Panette Kecamatan Cendana Kabupaten Enrekang Sulawesi Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada ternak normal rata-rata calving interval adalah 13 bulan sedangkan pada ternak yang mengalami kawin berulang rata-rata calving interval adalah 24 bulan. Sapi perah dengan calving interval yang panjang menunjukkan bahwa sapi perah tersebut mempunyai efisiensi reproduksi yang rendah. Sebaliknya, sapi perah betina dengan calving interval yang pendek menunjukkan bahwa sapi perah tersebut memiliki efisiensi reproduksi yang tinggi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah efisiensi reproduksi ternak yang mengalami kawin berulang jika dilihat dari calving interval yaitu lebih panjang dibandingkan dengan ternak dengan kondisi normal. Sapi perah dengan calving interval yang panjang menunjukkan bahwa sapi perah tersebut mempunyai efisiensi reproduksi yang rendah.
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Ramadhanty, Dhian. "Reproductive Efficiency Of Dairy Cows With Repeat Breeding." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Industri Peternakan 1, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51817/jstip.v1i1.343.
Full textAbstract:
Salah satu gangguan reproduksi yang banyak terjadi di Peternakan sapi perah, yaitu kawin berulang (Repeat Breeding). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat efisiensi reproduksi induk sapi perah yang mengalami kawin berulang. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara survei dengan pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder. Pengambilan data primer dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan, melihat recording dan wawancara langsung dengan peternak menggunakan daftar pertanyaan yang tersedia, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari petugas inseminator di Dusun Panette Kecamatan Cendana Kabupaten Enrekang Sulawesi Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada ternak normal rata-rata calving interval adalah 13 bulan sedangkan pada ternak yang mengalami kawin berulang rata-rata calving interval adalah 24 bulan. Sapi perah dengan calving interval yang panjang menunjukkan bahwa sapi perah tersebut mempunyai efisiensi reproduksi yang rendah. Sebaliknya, sapi perah betina dengan calving interval yang pendek menunjukkan bahwa sapi perah tersebut memiliki efisiensi reproduksi yang tinggi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah efisiensi reproduksi ternak yang mengalami kawin berulang jika dilihat dari calving interval yaitu lebih panjang dibandingkan dengan ternak dengan kondisi normal. Sapi perah dengan calving interval yang panjang menunjukkan bahwa sapi perah tersebut mempunyai efisiensi reproduksi yang rendah.
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Gutiérrez, J. P., I. Alvarez, I. Fernández, L. J. Royo, J. Dı́ez, and F. Goyache. "Genetic relationships between calving date, calving interval, age at first calving and type traits in beef cattle." Livestock Production Science 78, no. 3 (December 2002): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(02)00100-8.
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Genizi, A., H. Schindler, S. Amir, S. Eger, M. Zarchi, and R. H. Foote. "A simulation study of the effects of the calving interval on milk yields of dairy cows in fixed time periods." Animal Science 55, no. 3 (December 1992): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100020997.
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AbstractMultiparous cows were assigned before calving to three calving to first insemination intervals. Records of cows conceiving at first or second insemination, were used to construct a model of the lactation curve which incorporated peak production and the effect of progressing pregnancy. The model was used to simulate milk yield during a 4-year period for three production levels and five calving intervals. The model separated the descending part of the lactation curve into a linearly and an exponentially declining component, with the latter becoming distinct at about 20 weeks after conception. Peak yield was negatively correlated with the slope of the linear decline. Within a simulated 4-year period, cumulative milk yields at fixed time periods after calving depended upon the period chosen and the calving-to-conception interval of the cow. Late conceptions resulted in higher cumulative yields at the end of the 1st year, and in lower yields at the 2nd year end, with respect to early conceptions. Smaller differences were found between the intermediate calving intervals. During the 3rd and 4th years the early conceptions had a distinct advantage. Different rates of the linear decline, obtained for the different production levels, changed the magnitude of the yield differences between the calving intervals but not their relative ranking. The model presented offers a means for the suitable choice of the calving cycle according to the length of the period for which a cow is expected to remain in the herd.
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Dorn, C. G., L. A. Martin, J. M. Farr, and D. C. Kraemer. "Maintenance of calving interval in superovulated-cattle." Theriogenology 33, no. 1 (January 1990): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(90)90642-7.
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Montaldo, Hugo H., Alejandra Pelcastre-Cruz, Héctor Castillo-Juárez, Felipe J. Ruiz-López, and Filippo Miglior. "Genotype × environment interaction for fertility and milk yield traits in Canadian, Mexican and US Holstein cattle." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, no. 2 (June 6, 2017): e0402. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017152-10317.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate genotype × environment interaction (G×E) between Canada, the United States and Mexico for fertility and milk yield traits using genetic correlations between countries estimated from genetic evaluations of sires. Genetic correlation between Mexican and Canadian Holsteins for age at first calving was ≤ 0.48 and lower than the simulated value obtained accounting for data structure and selection effects. For calving interval, genetic correlation between Mexico and Canada ranged from 0.48 to 0.69. Genetic correlation between calving interval in Mexico (multiplied by -1) and daughter pregnancy rate in the United States ranged from 0.64 to 0.73, and was lower than simulated and actual Canada-United States values. Genetic correlations between Mexico and Canada and the United States for milk yield traits were ≥ 0.83, similar to simulated genetic correlations, but lower than Canada-United States values (≥ 0.93). Heritability estimates for age at first calving, calving interval, milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, fat content, and protein content for the Mexican Holstein population were 0.06, 0.03, 0.18, 0.20, 0.19, 0.46, and 0.49, respectively. G×E interaction effects between Canada and Mexico for age at first calving were high, whereas G×E interaction effects between Canada and Mexico for calving interval and between daughter pregnancy rate in the United States and calving interval in Mexico were moderate. G×E interaction effects for milk yield traits between Canada or the United States with Mexico in registered Holsteins were low.
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Manea, Roger Catalin. "The Assessment of the Calving Interval at Cows in the Mountain Area." Annals ”Valahia” University of Targoviste - Agriculture 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agr-2017-0008.
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Abstract For an effective, in determining the index „Calving Interval“ we take into consideration the two components of each interval: service period (SP) and duration of gestation (DG). In order to obtain the optimal interval between calving (365 days) the cow should become gestant at 81 days after calving, because along with 284-285 days, length of gestation, to provide 305 days for normal lactation and 60 days for the rest of the breast enough for the formation of the udder for the next lactation. The frequency curve has a single peak, 43.5% placed around 361 days after which the frequencies fall along a period of time long enough. The probably average of „CI“ of 360 days, which corresponds to the class with highest frequency, shows that the fecundity is good and that it can provide a rest for brest for 55 days in the case of normal lactations of 305 days. The 42 days difference between the arithmetic mean of the „CI“ (402 days ago) and the likely media (360 days) is caused by the presence of breeding disorders. The large values of the coefficient of variance is due to the very long ranges as well as very short intervals of calving interval.
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Colakoglu, Hatice Esra, Murat Onur Yazlik, Ufuk Kaya, Ekrem Cagatay Colakoglu, Serdal Kurt, Burcu Oz, Rustem Bayramoglu, Mehmet Rifat Vural, and Sukru Kuplulu. "MDA and GSH-Px activity in transition dairy cows under seasonal variations and their relationship with reproductive performance." Journal of Veterinary Research 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jvetres-2017-0067.
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AbstractIntroduction:The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels under seasonal variations in dairy cows during transition period, and to assess the relationship between chosen reproductive parameters, GSH-Px, and MDA.Material and Methods:Holstein cows calving in January were assigned into winter group (n = 42), while cows calving in August were assigned into summer group (n = 42). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein 21, 14, and 7 days before calving, at calving (0 day), and 7, 14, and 21 days after calving. Reproductive parameters obtained from farm records were evaluated.Results:In both groups of cows, GSH-Px activity decreased from 21 days before calving to day 0, and it gradually continued to increase until 21 days after calving. GSH-Px activity was higher in winter group compared to summer group during the transition period (P < 0.05). MDA levels in both groups increased over time starting from 21 days before calving to 0 day, but it gradually decreased thereafter. MDA levels were higher in summer group compared to winter group during the transition periods (P < 0.05). Summer group of cows showed higher intervals of calving-to-oestrus, calving-to-conception, and higher insemination index (P < 0.01). Negative correlation was recorded between GSH-Px and MDA during all examination days (P < 0.01). MDA levels correlated with calving to conception interval on day 21 before calving and day 0 (P < 0.01) and insemination index on day 0 and 21 days after calving (P < 0.01). GSH-Px activity was negatively correlated with calving to conception interval on day 21 before calving, day 0, and 21 days (P < 0.01) after calving. Negative correlation on day 21 before calving and day 0 was also determined between GSH-Px and insemination index (P < 0.01).Conclusion:This study showed that blood oxidant and antioxidant levels have affected the fertility parameters in cows under seasonal variations.
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Lamari, Sara, and Youcef Saber. "The Relationship Between Coat Color and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows in Algeria." World's Veterinary Journal 11, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2021.wvj90.
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The objective of the current study was to analyze the reproduction parameters of 48 dairy cows (29 Montbeliardes and 19 Normandes) and their relationship to coat color. Cows were imported from European countries and raised in the semi-arid region of Sétif in Algeria. The findings showed that the cows of the Montbéliarde breed were more fertile and of greater reproduction efficiency, compared to Normandes. Regarding the Montbéliarde breed, the intervals between calving and calving to conception were respectively 378.34 and 98.65 days, which were shorter than those of the Normandes breed (67 and 22 days, respectively). Normandes cows registered a higher number of services per conception (1.54 ± 0.9), compared to Montbeliarde cows (1.34 ± 0.55). Calving to the first service interval of the Normandes (76 days) was longer by 5 days than that of the Montbéliarde breed. The coats of Montbéliarde cows (51%) were whiter than those of Normandes (48%). A darker hair coat probably assured protectivity against thermal stress and greater efficiency of reproduction. The interval between calving in Montbéliarde cows was significantly affected by coat color; the interval between calving of cows with a colored coat was shorter (358 days) than whiter cows (400 days). For Normandes, cows with a colorful coat required fewer services per conception number (1.44). Hair works as a temperature regulator and may affect reproduction performances. The results of the current study suggest the possibility of integrating coat color into animal selection. It can be assumed that colored coats for Montbéliarde and Normande breeds appear to be related to their reproductive efficiency (interval between calving and number of services per conception, respectively).
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M’hamdi, N., R. Aloulou, S. K. Brar, M. Bouallegue, and Ben Hamouda. "Phenotypic and genetic parameters of reproductive traits in Tunisian Holstein cows." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 26, no. 5-6 (2010): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1006297m.
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Various factors influencing reproduction in dairy Holstein cows were routinely evaluated and genetic parameters were estimated for four traits for assessing fertility of artificially inseminated cows: Calving to first service interval (CFSI), calving interval (CI), calving to conception interval (CCI), and number of services per conception (NSC). Data used in this investigation consisted of records of insemination and calving events on Tunisian Holstein cows. Records were registered from 1994 to 2003 in 150 herds to study the effects of non-genetic factors and estimate the heritabilities of those fertility traits. The factors examined were: month and year of calving, herd, parity, and year-month of calving. The effect of month and year of calving (or insemination), herd, parity and year-month of calving were included in the model and were significant (P < 0.01) except for the number of lactations that does not have an effect on the number of services per conception. A decreasing efficiency in cow fertility was observed over the last years, with a longer day for first service interval. Heritability for fertility traits was low ranging from 0.027 for NSC to 0.067 for CI. The results suggested that more attention should be paid to herds with too low fertility traits and that monitoring/alert and intervention schemes should be tested in research/action approaches.
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Ikeda, Atsuko, and Pablo R. Marini. "Evolution of Production Indicators over Time in Nelore Cows from the Bolivian Tropics." Sustainable Agriculture Research 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v10n2p12.
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The objective of the present work was to analyze the evolution of the productive indicators over time in Nelore cows of the Bolivian tropics. The period between 1991 and 2016, corresponding to 3899 calvings of Nelore cows were used for the research work which belong to the Technology Center on Agriculture and Livestock in Bolivia belonging (FUNDATION CETABOL) and the Cooperativa Agropecuaria Integral San Juan de Yapacaní were used. Cows were ordered by birth period into three groups (1991-2000; 2001-2010; 2011-2016). The following variables were analyzed: Age at first calving in days, Live weight of cow in kg, Calf weight at birth in kg, Calf weight at weaning in kg, Calving interval in days, Longevity in days, Accumulative Productivity in kg Total calf production (CP) in kg. The age at first calving has decreased compared to the decade of 1991-2000, however the last period (2011-2016) has increased one more month compared to the period (2001-2010) showing significant differences (p≤0.05). The weights of the cows and the calving interval followed the same behavior in the sense of decreasing, showing that in the period 2011-2015, the cows had the lowest live weight and the lowest calving-calving interval. The calf weight at birth showed an increase in the last two periods with significant difference (p≤0.05) with the period 1991-2000. That the longest-lived cows were those from the 1991-2000 period, showing significant differences (p≤0.05). The cows of the period 2001-2010 presented the best value of the Accumulated Production (p≤0.05), although the highest production of kg of weaned calf was for the cows of the period 1991-2000. It was concluded of the evolution of the productive indicators over time in Nelore cows from the Bolivian tropics individually showed an improvement in their indicators, although the analysis of the more complex indicators did not show an improvement in the results.
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Barajas-Rojas, José Alfonso, Hans Riemann, and Charles Franti. "A STUDY OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ELISA RESPONSE TO INFECTIOUS DISEASE AGENTS AND CALVING INTERVAL IN CATTLE IN THE TROPICS OF MÉXICO." Ciência Rural 23, no. 3 (December 1993): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84781993000300015.
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Forty eight cows of Holstein-Zebu crosses with at least one completed pregnancy were tested for antibodies to 20 disease agents. The testing was performed within one month (average two weeks) after calving when the IgG level constantly reaches its lowest value during the cows reproductive cycle. The results indicate that increasing levels of IgG against Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis may be associated with an increased calving interval. Increase in calving intervals could not be explained by age of cows or their genotypic characteristics.
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Pantelic, Vlada, Zlatko Skalicki, Milan Petrovic, and Denis Kucevic. "Reproductive characteristics of Simmental breed bull dams." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 21, no. 1-2 (2005): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0502013p.
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Cattle reproduction is most significant production phase because in this phase heads of cattle for maintaining of the herd are provided, as well as for dairy production and fattening - production of meat. The effect of year and season of calving on age at first conception, duration of pregnancy duration of service period, interval between calving, etc. is investigated in the paper. Bull dams of Simmental breed selected on farms of individual agricultural producers were investigated. The method of Least Squares LSMLMW(Harvey 1987) was used for analysis of the effect of year and season of calving on reproductive traits. Year of calving had significant effect on duration of service period and interval between calving (p<0.05), while season influenced significantly only the duration of service period (p<0.05). Mean values of the general average were following: for age at first conception - 517.61 days; duration of pregnancy 285.51 days; duration of service period 108.98 days; duration of interval between calving 395.34 days.
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Roderick, S., P. Stevenson, and J. Ndungu. "The production parameters influencing the composition and structure of pastoral cattle herds in a semi-arid area of Kenya." Animal Science 66, no. 3 (June 1998): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800009164.
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AbstractThe size and composition of three herds belonging to Maasai pastoralists were monitored for more than 5 years (1990 to 1996). Animals were categorized as either suckling calves, weaned heifers, weaned males or breeding females. The dates of entries and exits were used to estimate the total number of observed animal days for each category. Fertility rates of breeding females and mortality and disposal rates for each category were estimated using animal days as the denominator. Herd differences were tested using contingency tables. Age to first calving and calving intervals were estimated and examined using analysis of variance tests.The patterns of births and deaths were seasonally influenced. The mean annual calving rate of all breeding females was 65·6% and for females excluding first calvers was 46·9%. No herd effects were observed. The mean observed interval between calvings was 609 days and the calving interval, calculated from the parturition rate, was 649 days with no herd differences. Mean age at first calving was approximately 4 years with no herd differences. Mean annual mortality rates were 8·9% for breeding cows, 7·8% for weaned males, 6·7% for weaned heifers and 22·1% for calves. The mean annual culling rate of cows was 10·8% and the sale rate of heifers and weaned males was 12·9% and 41·5% respectively. The mean age at disposal of heifers was 655 days and of steers was 801 days. Herd sizes were shown to fluctuate annually with no obvious trend between herds. The main determinants of production identified were the effect of seasonally poor nutrition on the rate of reproduction and the effect of season, herd mobility and disease on mortality.The study describes production levels that can be used to predict future changes to the system. The results are discussed in terms of the factors influencing and their relevance to pastoral development. The findings are compared with those observed in other, similar areas.
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Ossa, Gustavo Alfonso, and Marco Antonio Suárez. "Factores ambientales y genéticos que influyen la edad al primer parto y el intervalo entre partos en hembras de la raza criolla Romosinuano." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 8, no. 2 (January 7, 2008): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol8_num2_art:97.
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<p>Se analizaron 932 registros de la edad al primer parto en hembras de la raza criolla Romosinuano nacidas entre los años 1980 y 2001 en el núcleo de conservación del Centro de Investigación Turipaná de Corpoica en Cereté (Córdoba). La edad promedio al primer parto fue de 1.162,297 ± 4,26 días (cv= 11,19%). Para el estudio de los factores ambientales se utilizó el análisis de varianza mediante modelos lineales del procedimiento Proc Glm del programa estadístico SAS®. El análisis de varianza reveló que el año y el mes de nacimiento fueron causas de variación estadísticamente significativas respecto de la edad al primer parto. La heredabilidad de este rasgo, calculada por la correlación intraclase entre medias hermanas paternas, fue de 0,16 ± 0,08. Con relación al intervalo entre partos, la media estimada fue de 433,60 ± 3,69 días, con una desviación estándar de 139,18 días (cv= 32,10%); el respectivo análisis estadístico fue realizado a través del método de mínimos cuadrados del algoritmo Proc Glm de SAS®. El análisis de varianza señaló que el año y el mes de nacimiento, así como el número de partos, constituyeron causas de variación estadísticamente significativas del intervalo entre partos en hembras Romosinuano. La heredabilidad de esta característica, estimada mediante los componenetes de varianza del programa Mtdfreml fue de 0,05 ± 0,04. La eficiencia reproductiva promedio fue del 85,11%, con una desviación estándar de 17,65% y variaciones individuales que oscilaron entre 117,74 % y 32,19%. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Environmental and genetic factors influencing age at first calving and calving interval in females of Colombian Romosinuano native breed </strong></p><p>932 records of age at first calving in females of Colombian native breed Romosinuano born during 1980 - 2001 in the conservation nucleus of Corpoica’s Turipaná Research Center in Cereté (Córdoba) were analyzed. Mean age at first calving was 1,662.297 ± 4.26 days (cv= 11.19%). Analysis of variance through linear models of the procedure Proc Glm of the statistics program SAS™ was used to study the environmental factors. Age at first calving was significantly affected by year and month of birth variables. The heritability of this trait, calculated from the intra-class correlation between half-sibs, was 0.16 ± 0.08. Regarding calving intervals, mean was 433.60 ± 3.69 days, with a standard deviation of 139.18 days and a cv= 32.10%; said statistical analysis was performed using the least squares method of the SAS™ algorithm Proc Glm. The analysis of variance showed that the year and month of birth, as well as the number of calvings, constituted statistically significant causes of the variation in calving interval in Romosinuano cattle females. The heritability of this trait, estimated through the components of variance from the Mtdfreml program, was 0.05 ± 0.04. The average reproductive efficiency was 85.11 %, with a standard deviation of 17.65% and individual variations between 117,74 and 32,19%. </p>
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Ogawa, Shinichiro, and Masahiro Satoh. "Random Regression Analysis of Calving Interval of Japanese Black Cows." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010202.
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We estimated genetic parameters for the calving interval of Japanese Black cows using a random regression model and a repeatability model. We analyzed 92,019 calving interval records of 36,178 cows. Pedigree data covered 390,263 individuals. Age of cow at previous calving for each record ranged from 18 to 120 months. We used up to the second-order Legendre polynomials based on age at previous calving as sub-models for random regression analysis, and assumed a constant error variance across ages. Estimated heritability was 0.12 to 0.20 with the random regression model and 0.17 with the repeatability model. With the random regression model, the estimated genetic correlation between ages was ≥0.87, and those between 24 and 36 months, 24 and 84 months, and 36 and 84 months were 0.99, 0.95, and 0.97, respectively. Spearman’s rank correlation between breeding values of 36,178 cows with their own records estimated by the random regression model with those estimated using the repeatability model was ≥0.97, and the rank correlation was ≥0.94 for 314 sires of these cows. These results support the validity of fitting a repeatability model to the records of the calving interval of Japanese Black cows for evaluation of breeding values.
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Evans, R. D., M. Wallace, D. J. Garrick, P. Dillon, D. P. Berry, and V. Olori. "Effects of calving age, breed fraction and month of calving on calving interval and survival across parities in Irish spring-calving dairy cows." Livestock Science 100, no. 2-3 (April 2006): 216–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.09.003.
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Lenka, Krpalkova, Cabrera Victor E, Kvapilik Jindrich, and Burdych Jiri. "Associations of reproduction and health with the performance and profit of dairy cows." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 62, No. 8 (July 15, 2016): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/176/2015-agricecon.
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The objective of the study was to evaluate the associations of the variable intensity in culling of dairy cows and culling due to the movement disorders, mammary gland diseases, long calving interval, low fertility and postpartum complications with production, reproduction and economic parameters on 60 commercial dairy herds. The data encompassed 34 632 cow records from the Czech Republic 12 regions and were collected during a 1-yr period (2012). The milk yield during the production period was analysed relative to the reproduction and economic parameters. The main reasons for culling cows were fertility problems and movement disorders, followed by the low milk yield, mammary gland diseases, and postpartum complications. The analysis of fertility showed that the herds with the longest calving intervals (≥ 410 d) and the highest culling due to fertility (≥ 25% of the total) achieved the lowest milk yields. The average difference between the highest and lowest calving interval (≤ 389 d) groups was 721 kg/cow per yr. The lowest reported profitability of costs was for the longest calving interval and the highest postpartum complications groups. Although the reproductive performance directly affects the dairy farm profitability, the dairy cows’ production potential should be considered when making culling decisions in order to achieve the most profitable management strategy.
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Damaso, Angela Filipa, Martina Velasova, Steven Van Winden, Yu-mei Chang, and Javier Guitian. "Occurrence of preterm calving in Great Britain and associations with milk production and reproductive performance in dairy cattle." Veterinary Record Open 5, no. 1 (January 2018): e000221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreco-2017-000221.
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This study describes the occurrence of preterm calving in Great Britain and evaluates its associations with subsequent milk production and reproductive performances and survival on farm of dairy cows. A total of 53 British dairy farms and 5759 animals with detailed breeding and milk recording data available were used to form two study groups: preterm calving (calving occurring between days 266 and 277 of gestation) and full-term calving (calving occurring at 278 days of gestation and over). Mixed effects models were implemented to compare milk production, clinical cases of mastitis and number of services per conception between groups. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analyses compared time from calving to conception, calving interval and survival on farm between groups. Preterm calving cows showed significantly lower milk yield (P<0.01) and butter fat per cent (P=0.02), increased milk protein per cent (P=0.01), longer survival on farm (P<0.01), and a tendency for shorter calving to conception intervals and fewer services per conception, although other factors were involved in the reproduction outcomes. Experiencing a preterm calving is associated with lower milk production and longer survival times on farm. Potential risk factors for preterm calving, such as infectious diseases, diet and husbandry practices, should be further investigated.
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Brzáková, Michaela, Jindřich Čítek, Alena Svitáková, Zdeňka Veselá, and Luboš Vostrý. "Genetic Parameters for Age at First Calving and First Calving Interval of Beef Cattle." Animals 10, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): 2122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112122.
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The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for age at first calving (AFC) and first calving interval (FCI) for the entire beef cattle population and separately for the Charolais (CH) and Aberdeen Angus (AA) breeds in the Czech Republic. The database of performance testing between the years 1991 and 2019 was used. The total number of cows was 83,788 from 11 breeds. After editing, the data set contained 33,533 cows, including 9321 and 4419 CH and AA cows, respectively. The relationship matrix included 85,842 animals for the entire beef population and 24,248 and 11,406 animals for the CH and AA breeds, respectively. A multibreed multitrait animal model was applied. The estimated heritability was low to moderate. Genetic correlations between AFC and FCI varied depending on the breeds from positive to negative. Differences between variance components suggest that differences between breeds should be considered before selection and breeding strategy should be developed within a breed.